Schlumberger Shale Successes Volume 1

Unconventional Resources
Successes
in shale plays
AUGUST 2012
VOLUME 1
www.slb.com/shale
By Play General Interest
Avalon/Wolfberry Shale, Permian Basin
Bakken Shale, Williston Basin
Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin
Eagle Ford Shale, Western Gulf Basin
Fayetteville, Arkoma Basin
Haynesville-Bossier Shale, TX-LA-MS Basins
Marcellus Shale, Appalachian Basin
Mississippian Shale
Niobrara Shale, Denver-Julesburg Basin
Woodford Shale, Ardmore, Arkoma, Anadarko Basins
CONTENTS
By Domain Evaluating Shale Plays
Drilling Shale Plays
Completing Shale Plays
Producing Shale Plays
Copyright 2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 12-UG-0027
An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to denote a mark of Schlumberger.
Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners.
Produce more with less
through integrated technologies
How do you define success?
In shale plays, success is determined by better reservoir understanding, and ultimately,
greater ROI. Schlumberger has provided expert technology and services in every active
shale play worldwide. Our local knowledge, global insight, and innovative technologies have
consistently proven to help customers produce more with lessless risk, less rig time, less
environmental impact, and less footprint. Learn how our industry-leading, integrated shale
offerings can help you
use seismic, core, and petrophysical measurement
and analysis to better understand your reservoir
reduce time to drill to total depth
maximize reservoir contact during drilling and completions
optimize production management.
Technology drives efficiencies
Careful selection of technology and services, and continuous
improvement, is essential for long-term success, confident
decisions, and improved operational efficiency. This collection
of case studies demonstrates how the right combination of
people, processes, and technology can meet the challenges
of shale reservoir development. The booklet is organized by the
domains of evaluation, drilling, completions, and production.
Simply click on a title in the table of contents to view the story.
An alternate table of contents, organized by play, is also
included. To learn more about how we help our customers
reduce risk and enhance production, go to www.slb.com/shale.
TABLE OF CONTENTS BY DOMAIN I
CONTENTS
By Domain
EVALUATING SHALE PLAYS
sCore Lithofacies Classifcation Reveals Barnett Shale Reservoir Quality 1
PDC Mountaineer Improves Production More Than 50% With Optimized Completion Designs 3
ECS Petrophysical Analysis Finds Additional 250 ft of Productive Shale 5
Integrating Coiled Tubing and Production Logging for ConocoPhillips 7
Barnett Shale Operations Achieve Remote Real-Time Microseismic Interpretation
with Private and Dedicated Wireless Networks 8
Real-Time Measurements Optimize Marcellus Shale Well Placement 10
Mississippian Shale Seismic Reservoir Characterization Improves Gas Production 12
Consulting Services Identifes Key Technologies to Drill and Evaluate Wells in the Niobrara Formation 14
Advanced Logging Technology Reveals the Most Productive Zones in Woodford Shale 16
Advanced Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Finds Laminated Pay, Eagle Ford Shale 18
DRILLING SHALE PLAYS
Borehole Images Help Optimize Well Placement and Completion 20
ONYX II Cutter Technology Saves East Texas Basin Operator USD 250,600 22
At-Bit Image Gamma and Inclination Allow Quick Interpretation for Steering Decisions 24
High Build Rate RSS Service Saves Cimarex Energy 10 Days in Woodford Shale 26
OPTM-IZER Closed Loop Approach Delivers in Zero Discharge Operation 28
MEGADRILL System Saves 1.5 Drilling Days and $15,000 Average Per Well in North Dakota 30
MicroScope Resistivity and Imaging Enable Successful Completion in Complex Shale Formation 33
Spear Bit Sets ROP Record, Saves USD 46,780 Drilling in Eagle Ford Shale 35
PowerDrive Archer RSS Increases ROP by 85% in Eagle Ford Shale Play 37
Optimizing Stimulation and Reservoir Characterization Using LWD Measurements in the Eagle Ford Shale 38
SEECO Drills First High Build Rate RSS Wells in Fayetteville Unconventional Gas Reservoir 40
ROP Increased 67.7% in High Temperature Haynesville Shale 42
Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 365,000 in Haynesville Shale Well 44
Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 175,000 and 2.7 d of Rig Time in Marcellus Shale Well 46
Over USD 1 Million Saved on Marcellus Shale Wells 48
Advanced Logging Technology Reveals the Most Productive Zones in Woodford Shale Wells 55
Newfeld Saves 2 Days on Woodford Shale Well 57
TABLE OF CONTENTS BY DOMAIN II
CONTENTS
By Domain
COMPLETING SHALE PLAYS
Industry Partnership Defnes Fracture Completion Best Practices in North Dakota Bakken Play 61
Completions Optimized with Integrated Geomechanical Approach 65
StimMORE Service Restores Well Productivity for a Major Barnett Shale Operator 67
Improve Production With Optimum Fracture Design in Real Time 69
StimMORE Service Increases EUR in Barnett Shale Well by 0.25 Bcf 71
HiWAY Technique Increases Condensate Production by 43% in the Eagle Ford Shale 73
Channel Fracturing Increases Production by 37% for Petrohawk in the Eagle Ford Shale 75
Evaluate Fracture Design and Well Placement 79
PRODUCING SHALE PLAYS
TABLE OF CONTENTS BY PLAY III
GENERAL INTEREST
At-Bit Image Gamma and Inclination Allow Quick Interpretation for Steering Decisions 24
AVALON/WOLFBERRY SHALE, PERMIAN BASIN
ECS Petrophysical Analysis Finds Additional 250 ft of Productive Shale 5
BAKKEN SHALE, WILLISTON BASIN
Industry Partnership Defnes Fracture Completion Best Practices in North Dakota Bakken Play 61
OPTM-IZER Closed Loop Approach Delivers in Zero Discharge Operation 28
MEGADRILL System Saves 1.5 Drilling Days and $15,000 Average Per Well in North Dakota 30
BARNETT SHALE, FORT WORTH BASIN
sCore Lithofacies Classifcation Reveals Barnett Shale Reservoir Quality 1
Completions Optimized with Integrated Geomechanical Approach 65
Integrating Coiled Tubing and Production Logging for ConocoPhillips 7
Improve Production With Optimum Fracture Design in Real Time 69
EAGLE FORD SHALE, WESTERN GULF BASIN
HiWAY Technique Increases Condensate Production by 43% in the Eagle Ford Shale 73
Spear Bit Sets ROP Record, Saves USD 46,780 Drilling in Eagle Ford Shale 35
Channel Fracturing Increases Production by 37% for Petrohawk in the Eagle Ford Shale 75
PowerDrive Archer RSS Increases ROP by 85% in Eagle Ford Shale Play 37
Advanced Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Finds Laminated Pay, Eagle Ford Shale 18
CONTENTS
By Play
TABLE OF CONTENTS BY PLAY IV
FAYETTEVILLE, ARKOMA BASIN
SEECO Drills First High Build Rate RSS Wells in Fayetteville Unconventional Gas Reservoir 40
Evaluate Fracture Design and Well Placement 79
HAYNESVILLE-BOSSIER SHALE, TX-LA-MS BASINS
ONYX II Cutter Technology Saves East Texas Basin Operator USD 250,600 22
ROP Increased 67.7% in High Temperature Haynesville Shale 42
Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 365,000 in Haynesville Shale Well 44
MARCELLUS SHALE, APPALACHIAN BASIN
Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 175,000 and 2.7 d of Rig Time in Marcellus Shale Well 46
Over USD 1 Million Saved on Marcellus Shale Wells 48
MISSISSIPPIAN SHALE
Mississippian Shale Seismic Reservoir Characterization Improves Gas Production 12
NIOBRARA SHALE, DENVER-JULESBURG BASIN
Borehole Images Help Optimize Well Placement and Completion 20
MicroScope Resistivity and Imaging Enable Successful Completion in Complex Shale Formation 33
WOODFORD SHALE, ARDMORE, ARKOMA, ANADARKO BASINS
Advanced Logging Technology Reveals the Most Productive Zones in Woodford Shale Wells 16
High Build Rate RSS Service Saves Cimarex Energy 10 Days in Woodford Shale 26
Newfeld Saves 2 Days on Woodford Shale Well 57
CONTENTS
By Play
sCore Lithofacies Classifcation Reveals Barnett
Shale Reservoir Quality
EVALUATING SHALE PLAYS
CHALLENGE
Reliably identify intervals with superior
reservoir and completion quality in the
Barnett shale.
SOLUTION
Input Litho Scanner* accurate, quantified
mineralogy to the automated sCore*
lithofacies classification scheme to
generate a log display of the classification
and quality-indicator overlays on the sCore
ternary diagram.
RESULTS
Identified the optimal intervals for
completion from the sCore reservoir and
completion quality overlays.
Shale classification challenges
Key to successfully completing Barnett shale
reservoirs is targeting intervals with superior
reservoir and completion quality. However,
these so-called shales are more than just fine-
grained sedimentary rocks with a high content
of organic matter. Rather, these organic
mudstones are typically a complex mineralogic
CASE STUDY
Formation Evaluation
sCore Lithofacies Classification Reveals
Barnett Shale Reservoir Quality
Litho Scanner wellsite mineralogy and TOC outputs drive identification
of optimal completion intervals
The sCore classification for organic mudstones is defined by a ternary diagram, with the three apexes representing
the dry-weight components clay, carbonate, and quartz, feldspar, and mica (QFM). The term dominated is used
for a mudstone containing more than 80% of a particular component. When the primary component is 50% to 80%
of the composition, the mudstone is described as siliceous (50% < dry-weight QFM < 80%), argillaceous (50% <
dry-weight clay < 80%), or carbonate (50% < dry-weight carbonate < 80%). The term rich indicates a secondary
component representing 20% to 50% of the total composition.
Clay
QFM Carbonate 10 20 50 80
20
50
80
10
20
50
80
10
assemblage that is heterogeneous at fine
vertical scales. In addition to identifying optimal
intervals in terms of reservoir and completion
quality, operators need a mineralogy-based
classification to better understand depositional
conditions and correlate reservoirs across
different fields and basins.
BARNETT 1 of 2 EVALUATION 1 GO TO TOC
CASE STUDY: sCore shale lithofacies classification based on Litho Scanner mineralogy, Barnett shale
The sCore log display for a 200-ft section of a
vertical Barnett shale well is paired with an FMI*
fullbore formation microimage in Track 1 that reveals
numerous drilling-induced features. The green area
in Track 2 represents the organic mudstone interval
to which the sCore classification was applied. The
sCore lithofacies display in Track 2 was created with
Litho Scanner inputs. The TOC flag, shown in purple
along the right boundary of Track 2, represents
TOC > 2%. The gray crosshatching pattern indicates
zones affected by borehole rugosity. The left
boundary of the lithofacies display represents the
mineral-based brittleness index (MBI). Track 3 lists
the sCore lithofacies in text format.
Optimal reservoir identification
Shale facies are readily and automatically
identified using the sCore lithofacies
classification scheme. The sCore classification
is based on mineralogical relationships
within a ternary diagram customized for
organic mudstone lithologies to determine
both lithofacies and reservoir and completion
quality indicators.
The sCore log display is generated with
minimal processing and no interpretation
input required. Descriptive parameters such
as organic carbon, pyrite, and the presence
of expandable clays are flagged. The sCore
log provides a consistent description of the
organic mudstone section and the inputs
necessary for effective decision making when
selecting a landing points for well placement,
tailoring completion designs, and planning a
drilling development project. Quality indicator
parameters such as porosity, total organic
carbon (TOC), fracture density, and stress are
also overlaid on the sCore ternary diagram
to relate the parameter quality to the sCore
lithofacies types.
Accurate mineralogy input for the sCore
classification comes from Litho Scanner high-
definition logging for carbonate, clay, QFM,
and TOC in combination with additional inputs
from basic triple-combo logs for porosity and
resistivity. The Litho Scanner mineralogy is
procided at nearly immediate turnaround,
instead of having to wait for laboratory X-ray
diffraction (XRD) analysis of core samples.
www.slb.com/ls
*Mark of Schlumberger
Other company, product, and service names
are the properties of their respective owners.
Copyright 2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 12-FE-0034
Gas-filled porosity (top) and in situ stress (bottom)
measurements plotted on the sCore ternary diagram
provide better understanding of reservoir quality and
completion quality distribution within the Barnett shale.
Lithofacies quality indicators
From the sCore log for the Barnett shale
well, reservoir quality and completion quality
indicator overlays on the sCore ternary
diagram were generated. The color-coded
points represent the different log depths for
the indicator parameters that correlate with
reservoir quality (top diagram) and completion
quality (bottom diagram).
Clay
QFM Carbonate 10 20 50 80
20
50
80
10
20
50
80
10
Good
Medium
Low
Reservoir Quality
Indicator
10 20 50 80
20
50
80
10
20
50
80
10
Clay
QFM Carbonate
High stress
Medium stress
Low stress
Completion Quality
Indicator
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Mixed mudstone
Carbonate siliceous mudstone
Clay-rich siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
Siliceous mudstone
iCarbonate
iCarbonate
Mixed mudstone
Silica-rich argillaceous mudstone
Argillaceous siliceous mudstone
Silica-rich calacareous mudstone
sCore Description
Resistive Conductive FMI Image
sCore
BARNETT 2 of 2 EVALUATION 2 GO TO TOC
CHALLENGE
Improve productivity and operational
efficiency in horizontal wells by optimizing
the placement of perforation and hydraulic
fracturing treatments.
SOLUTION
Use Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning
platform and the Mangrove* completion
advisor workflow to engineer precise
staging and perforating designs.
RESULTS
Significantly enhanced stimulation coverage
across the length of the laterals, increasing
production by more than 50% and eliminat-
ing screenouts. PDC Mountaineer (PDCM)
now plans to use Sonic Scanner logs in
conjunction with the Mangrove platform
on all future Marcellus development.
Schlumberger has provided us with
a unique and affordable approach
to optimize our recoverable
reserves in the Marcellus shale.
PDCM will not complete any of our
lateral Marcellus wells without
first running this service and
evaluating the results.
Dewey Gerdom
CEO, PDC Mountaineer, LLC
PDCM wanted to optimize horizontal well completions and productivity
To complete its Marcellus shales horizontal wells simply and cost-effectively, PDC Mountaineer,
like most operators, typically uses geometric perforation designs. With this technique, perforation
clusters are placed at equidistant points along the lateral. However, microseismic monitoring
showed that this type of stage selection often distributed hydraulic fracturing treatments unevenly.
The fracture treatments propogated to the lowest-stress zones, leaving the majority of perforations
understimulated. PDCM wanted to gain a deeper understanding of the reservoir and improve
reserve recovery. PDCM partnered with Schlumberger to identify low-stress intervals, develop
more effective completion designs, and ultimately improve well economics.
Sonic Scanner tool and Mangrove methodology optimized completion designs
Schlumberger deployed its Sonic Scanner acoustic scanning tool on wireline to map out mechan-
ical rock properties. The tools advanced borehole acoustic measurements were loaded into the
Petrel* software platform and interpreted using the Mangrove completion advisor workflow.
Once processed, the critical well information, including in situ stress, lithology, and Youngs
modulus, enabled PDCM and Schlumberger to engineer custom staging and perforating designs.
This ensured more consistent stimulation along the entire lateral, and lower breakdown and
treating pressures.
When weve used the Schlumberger Sonic Scanner tool to identify and place the staged inter-
vals based on like-rock completion, we have never screened out, said Jacob Caplan, Senior
Completions Engineer, PDC Mountaineer. Weve also had a better handle on the breakdown
pressures to be expected, further reducing our risk of screening out. The screenout rate was 35%
when we didnt use Sonic Scanner tool, and on average, each screenout costs PDCM USD 300,000.
CASE STUDY
Stimulation
Microseismic monitoring clearly shows that the fracture initiates in the lowest-stress interval (in red),
and treatments tend to understimulate higher-stress intervals (in pink and blue).
PDC Mountaineer Improves Production More Than
50% With Optimized Completion Designs
Sonic Scanner tool data and Mangrove methodology help increase reservoir-
to-wellbore connectivity in Marcellus shale while reducing time, costs, and risk
MARCELLUS 1 of 2 EVALUATION 3 GO TO TOC
MARCELLUS 2 of 2 EVALUATION
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
www.slb.com/mangrove
Copyright 2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 11-ST-0126
CASE STUDY: Sonic Scanner tool data and Mangrove methodology help increase reservoir-to-wellbore connectivity
Production increased more than 50%, leading PDCM to use
the Mangrove workflow in all future wells
The Flow Scanner* horizontal and deviated well production logging
system showed significantly higher flow rates from wells that used the
Sonic Scanner tool and Mangrove methodology than offset wells com-
pleted with conventional geometric perforating designs.
Based on the total number of wells PDCM has producing in the
Marcellus, I believe the minimum increase we could expect from
utilizing this methodology is 5060%, said Caplan.
After the success of the pilot wells, PDCM decided to use this technique
to help maximize ROI of all future horizontal wells in the Marcellus shale.
The Mangrove workflow has been used in subsequent PDCM wells with
similar results. Recently, PDCM used Mangrove software to automati-
cally select intervals, dramatically reducing interpretation time.
Petrel software allows the logs obtained in the lateral to be viewed in a 3D environment. This enables engineers
to make better decisions when designing the completion.
Porosity
Minimum
stress gradient
Stage 11
Stage 10
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Stage 12
Stage 9
Stage 8
Stage 7
Stage 6
Stage 5
Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 2
Perforations
and staging
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
Gamma ray
Production improvement was directly attributed to the identification and
selection of optimal perforation locations based on property logs.
Completion
quality (left)
Reservoir
quality (right)
4 GO TO TOC
ECS Petrophysical Analysis Finds Additional 250 ft
of Productive Shale
PERMIAN 1 of 2 EVALUATION
CHALLENGE
Find bypassed reserves in shale and
carbonate formations adjacent to a
conventional limestone reservoir.
SOLUTION
Run Platform Express* integrated wireline
logging tool in combination with the ECS*
elemental capture spectroscopy sonde
to accurately determine clay content,
mineralogy, and matrix properties to support
robust, detailed petrophysical analysis.
RESULTS
Identified 150 ft of productive unconven-
tional shale reservoir above the currently
produced limestone and another 100 ft
below it.
Looking beyond the
conventional reservoir
An operators target zone in the Midland basin
is a conventional limestone bounded by shales.
The reservoir varies from 100 to 150 ft in thick-
ness and is produced from single-stage jobs
designed to contain the stimulation. Because
other wells in the area had mud logging shows,
the operator wanted to know if additional
producible formations were present.
Conducting fast, detailed
petrophysical evaluation
The ECS elementary capture spectroscopy
sonde was combined with the Platform Express
integrated wireline logging tool for one-run
measurement to support petrophysical analysis.
The Platform Express tool provides high-reso-
lution resistivity, density, and microresistivity
measurements. The ECS sonde measures rela-
tive elementary yields for the determination
of lithology, porosity, permeability, and fluid
saturations and their producibility.
Finding bypassed pay in
unconventional reservoirs
Petrophysical analysis found that the shales
bounding the limestone reservoir are producible
unconventional reservoirs, extending 150 ft
above the limestone and 100 ft below it. The
operator plans to reevaluate these bypassed
reserves in completed wells and target them
in new wells. The lithology from the ECS
measurements will be used to determine
rock mechanical properties for stimulation
design, including the identification of barriers
to fracture propagation.
CASE STUDY
Formation Evaluation
Pairing the ECS elemental capture spectroscopy
sonde with the Platform Express integrated toolstring
provides high-resolution, comprehensive petrophysical
data in one run.
ECS Petrophysical Analysis Finds Additional 250 ft
of Productive Shale
Unconventional reservoirs discovered above and below limestone reservoir
to also be completed, Midland basin
5 GO TO TOC
PERMIAN 2 of 2 EVALUATION
www.slb.com/wireline
CASE STUDY: ECS petrophysical analysis finds net 250-ft shale reservoir, Midland basin
Petrophysical analysis integrating Platform Express and ECS measurements found that the shales above and below the limestone reservoir total 250 ft of productive rock.
Thorium
Concentration
Density
Standoff
Measured
Depth,
ft
Density
Standoff
Tension
in 1 0
ECS Cable
Speed
ft/h 0 3,000
lbf 2,000 6,000
Invaded Zone Resistivity
ohm.m 0.2 2,000
SpectroLith Lithology
lbm/lbm 1 0
Chlorite
lbm/lbm 0 1
Fracture Gradient
psi/ft 0.5 1
Poissons Ratio
0 0.5
Youngs Modulus
Fracture Gradient
psi/ft
Mpsi 0 20
Total Porosity
Oil
Water
Water
Bound Water
Water Saturation
Oil or Gas
Saturation
Effective Porosity
Free Water
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
ELANTotal Organic
Carbon (TOC)
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
TOC Terra
TOC
Oil or Gas
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
TOC Schmoker
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
Shale Permeability
Shale Permeability
mD
TOC, wt%
mD 1 1E05
ELANIntrisic
Permeability
mD 1,000 0.01
Water Permeability
mD 1,000 0.01
Oil Permeability
mD 1,000 0.01
Effective Porosity
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
Water
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
Absorbed Gas
Oil in Place
bbl/acre-ft
ft3/ft3 0 400
Oil in Place
bbl/acre-ft 0 500
Oil in Place
Oil in Place
bbl/acre
0 100,000
Total Gas scf/t
ft3/ft3 0 400
Free Gas in Place
(GIP) bcf/section
Free Gas
GIP bcf/section
Free GIP
ft3/ft3 0 400
Absorbed GIP
ft3/ft3 0 400
Bound Water
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
Water Saturation
ft3/ft3 1 1
Bulk Density Edited
North
FMI Image
g/cm3 2 3
Fe+
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
Fe-
Fe- 1 Sigma
Moved Hydrocarbon
Water
Oil
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Dolomite
Calcite
Pyrite
Res
Res
Pay
Pay
Quartz
Bound Water
Illite
Chlorite
Moved Water
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
Fe
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
ELANMinerology
V/V 1 0
Pay
0
4
4
Res
0
Bulk Density Correction
g/cm3 0.05 0.45
Apparent Grain Density
g/cm3
g/cm3
2 3
ECS Matrix Density
g/cm3 2 3
R C
0 360
Neutron Porosity
(Limestone)
ft3/ft3 0.4 0.1
Sonic Porosity
(Limestone)
ft3/ft3 0.4 0.1
ft3/ft3 0.4 0.1
Photoelectric Effect
Crossover
Density Porosity
0 10
Density Difference
Salt
Coal
Siderite
Anhydrite and Gypsum
Pyrite
Carbonate
Quartz-Feldspar-Mica
Clay
0 10
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 5
ohm.m 2,000
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 4
ohm.m 2,000
2,000
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 3
ohm.m
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 2
ohm.m 0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2,000
True Formation Resistivity
ohm.m 0.2 2,000
Gamma Ray (150300)
Gamma Ray (150300)
gAPI 150 300
Gamma Ray (300450)
Gamma Ray (300450)
gAPI 300 450
Gamma Ray (0150)
gAPI 0 150
Gamma Ray (450600)
Gamma Ray (450600)
Washout
Mudcake
gAPI 450 600
Gamma Ray (600750)
gAPI 600 750
Gamma Ray (750900)
gAPI 750 900
Gamma Ray (9001,050)
gAPI 900 1,050
Rugosity
Rugosity
1/ft 0 2
Bit Size
in 6 16
Caliper
in 6 16
Thorium
Concentration
Density
Standoff
Measured
Depth,
ft
Density
Standoff
Tension
in 1 0
ECS Cable
Speed
ft/h 0 3,000
lbf 2,000 6,000
Invaded Zone Resistivity
ohm.m 0.2 2,000
SpectroLith Lithology
lbm/lbm 1 0
Chlorite
lbm/lbm 0 1
Fracture Gradient
psi/ft 0.5 1
Poissons Ratio
0 0.5
Youngs Modulus
Fracture Gradient
psi/ft
Mpsi 0 20
Total Porosity
Oil
Water
Water
Bound Water
Water Saturation
Oil or Gas
Saturation
Effective Porosity
Free Water
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
ELANTotal Organic
Carbon (TOC)
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
TOC Terra
TOC
Oil or Gas
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
TOC Schmoker
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
Shale Permeability
Shale Permeability
mD
TOC, wt%
mD 1 1E05
ELANIntrisic
Permeability
mD 1,000 0.01
Water Permeability
mD 1,000 0.01
Oil Permeability
mD 1,000 0.01
Effective Porosity
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
Water
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
Absorbed Gas
Oil in Place
bbl/acre-ft
ft3/ft3 0 400
Oil in Place
bbl/acre-ft 0 500
Oil in Place
Oil in Place
bbl/acre
0 100,000
Total Gas scf/t
ft3/ft3 0 400
Free Gas in Place
(GIP) bcf/section
Free Gas
GIP bcf/section
Free GIP
ft3/ft3 0 400
Absorbed GIP
ft3/ft3 0 400
Bound Water
ft3/ft3 0.4 0
Water Saturation
ft3/ft3 1 1
Bulk Density Edited
North
FMI Image
g/cm3 2 3
Fe+
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
Fe-
Fe- 1 Sigma
Moved Hydrocarbon
Water
Oil
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Dolomite
Calcite
Pyrite
Res
Res
Pay
Pay
Quartz
Bound Water
Illite
Chlorite
Moved Water
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
Fe
lbm/lbm 0 0.25
ELANMinerology
V/V 1 0
Pay
0
4
4
Res
0
Bulk Density Correction
g/cm3 0.05 0.45
g/cm3
g/cm3
2 3
ECS Matrix Density
g/cm3 2 3
R C
0 360
Neutron Porosity
(Limestone)
ft3/ft3 0.4 0.1
Sonic Porosity
(Limestone)
ft3/ft3 0.4 0.1
ft3/ft3 0.4 0.1
Crossover
Density Porosity
0 10
Density Difference
Salt
Coal
Siderite
Pyrite
Carbonate
Clay
0 10
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 5
ohm.m 2,000
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 4
ohm.m 2,000
2,000
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 3
ohm.m
Array Laterolog
Resistivity Mode 2
ohm.m 0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
2,000
True Formation Resistivity
ohm.m 0.2 2,000
Gamma Ray (150300)
Gamma Ray (150300)
gAPI 150 300
Gamma Ray (300450)
Gamma Ray (300450)
gAPI 300 450
Gamma Ray (0150)
gAPI 0 150
Gamma Ray (450600)
Gamma Ray (450600)
Washout
Mudcake
gAPI 450 600
Gamma Ray (600750)
gAPI 600 750
Gamma Ray (750900)
gAPI 750 900
Gamma Ray (9001,050)
gAPI 900 1,050
Rugosity
Rugosity
1/ft 0 2
Bit Size
in 6 16
Caliper
in 6 16
X,650
X,700
2.69
2.67
2.70
2.70
2.77
2.75
2.72
2.75
2.72
2.71
65
55
61
67
55
19
64
57
69
63
54
59
30
25
10
48
40
34
27
53
27
41
46
26
40
46
37
20
38
68
31
49
12
44
5
4
5
5
3
5
6
5
5
5
5
7
7
5
8
6
7
5
5
7
8
7
7
7
7
5
5
5
5
3
4
6
22
100
129
98
208
63
151
40
171
116
175
94
256
1.9
1.3
1.1
2.1
1.3
3.8
144
146
148
149
151
152
154
155
157
158
126
127
128
129
130
131
133
134
134
442
450
458
464
471
480
490
496
500
368
372
374
376
376
378
381
384
385
386
0.725
0.728
0.723
0.696
0.677
0.695
0.710
0.699
0.693
0.679
0.713
0.699
0.671
0.708
0.681
0.693
0.676
0.688
0.686
0.704
0.728
0.719
0.696
0.676
64924
65714
66360
67009
67503
68140
68893
69673
70228
70586
( ) ( g/cm3 ) ( ft3/ft3 ) ( ohm.m ) ft ( V/V )
X,750
X,800
X,850
2.76
2.80
2.72
2.82
2.71
2.75
2.79
2.74
2.68
2.73
2.71
2.73
2.69
75
65
66
72
74
68
64
73
68
72
57
77
64
64
70
73
21
54
66
66
66
60
58
74
84
76
63
74
72
61
75
64
66
67
73
66
70
65
70
66
67
42
48
65
55
11
9
9
10
12
9
10
11
9
9
7
10
9
9
15
7
10
9
10
10
9
7
11
16
13
7
8
9
8
8
7
7
8
8
8
9
7
7
6
4
7
5
837
454
411
605
705
308
461
465
414
264
552
357
410
685
249
407
359
267
559
480
272
460
1019
793
217
398
479
304
335
297
209
301
277
321
364
381
253
276
2.1
1.0
2.8
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.2
7.0
107
110
114
117
121
124
127
131
134
137
139
142
144
94
98
101
104
106
109
113
116
118
121
123
124
328
338
348
358
366
376
386
396
406
416
426
432
259
269
279
289
299
306
316
326
336
346
356
366
368
0.689
0.677
0.693
0.694
0.687
0.674
0.693
0.680
0.678
0.680
0.690
0.687
0.685
0.688
0.681
0.696
0.670
0.690
0.693
0.698
0.674
0.694
0.712
0.708
0.722
0.714
0.714
0.701
0.714
0.665
0.725
46830
48662
50502
52016
53772
55154
56747
58880
60230
61505
62922
64279
64924
X,900
X,950
2.70
2.70
2.70
2.69
2.69
2.70
2.73
2.71
2.73
2.76
2.78
2.70
2.76
61
55
59
63
61
56
49
15
28
40
44
42
55
59
60
61
63
59
69
53
76
53
61
71
56
59
45
45
74
46
73
71
57
58
64
56
50
69
76
77
53
52
64
75
65
16
17
18
16
14
12
8
7
8
9
9
11
11
11
12
10
12
9
12
10
7
10
7
9
9
12
8
10
9
10
12
9
11
9
8
9
13
16
9
9
9
11
9
716
749
1050
936
763
439
74
149
111
434
446
471
481
524
449
868
315
265
548
223
307
292
335
310
225
463
593
184
313
306
127
445
796
1073
250
286
395
837
1.0
2.4
1.8
1.2
1.2
2.6
1.2
3.5
2.1
67
72
75
77
80
84
86
89
92
96
99
103
107
61
63
65
68
71
74
76
79
82
84
88
91
210
219
228
238
248
258
268
278
288
298
308
318
150
160
168
174
184
194
202
212
222
231
241
250
259
0.761
0.760
0.758
0.761
0.761
0.758
0.757
0.751
0.755
0.757
0.753
0.757
0.755
0.683
0.709
0.694
0.682
0.694
0.685
0.695
0.698
0.687
0.685
0.694
0.683
0.694
0.692
0.694
0.689
0.667
0.689
28008
30684
32113
33048
34644
36366
37697
39068
40445
42078
43379
45399
46830
Y,050
Y,100
2.79
2.75
2.80
2.75
2.71
2.68
2.68
2.69
2.72
2.68
2.70
2.69
2.70
55
47
58
53
49
38
41
63
48
60
51
17
24
11
53
35
26
41
46
53
53
55
63
52
58
53
59
59
57
61
55
11
9
8
8
11
8
8
8
11
8
9
7
4
3
4
3
4
5
6
6
11
10
9
10
14
14
17
19
19
17
19
17
17
16
16
16
387
48
97
360
88
83
57
388
321
363
167
596
118
259
488
708
941
1175
733
899
796
840
759
738
716
1.0
1.5
1.1
2.5
1.8
1.0
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
37
40
42
45
46
46
47
48
49
52
57
62
67
33
35
37
37
37
37
38
39
41
46
51
55
134
144
154
156
156
156
156
161
170
180
190
200
89
96
101
110
112
112
112
112
114
120
130
140
150
0.684
0.681
0.679
0.685
0.692
0.695
0.676
0.680
0.714
0.749
0.751
0.742
0.740
0.750
0.748
0.750
0.750
0.751
0.745
0.755
0.762
0.750
0.753
0.760
0.762
0.761
0.759
0.761
0.756
0.762
0.761
15075
16112
17078
18372
18599
18599
18599
18676
19351
20423
23012
25546
28008
Y,150
Y,200
2.71
2.73
2.70
2.67
2.68
2.77
2.74
2.82
2.78
2.76
2.77
2.73
2.79
15
49
18
43
55
38
27
43
42
31
34
41
34
49
41
46
39
29
51
15
57
56
50
56
46
48
47
59
65
40
30
58
55
50
45
53
56
56
53
22
45
66
55
5
6
5
6
6
7
6
7
6
5
9
9
7
5
12
11
10
7
9
11
8
12
9
9
10
10
12
13
8
10
7
9
12
12
13
10
11
13
9
8
11
11
9
86
87
195
28
100
35
65
190
199
406
123
223
234
501
239
272
468
202
443
580
151
328
222
445
433
269
208
288
747
350
37
480
387
1.0
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.6
1.0
2.2
1.7
1.1
2.1
1.5
1.2
1.1
7
8
10
11
13
16
19
22
25
28
31
34
37
6
7
8
10
12
14
17
20
22
25
28
31
26
33
41
48
58
66
76
86
95
105
115
124
8
9
12
14
18
27
34
44
54
61
71
81
89
0.702
0.673
0.700
0.664
0.681
0.701
0.704
0.677
0.666
0.700
0.686
0.687
0.667
0.708
0.696
0.676
0.695
0.721
0.685
0.673
0.681
0.690
0.682
0.688
0.710
0.689
0.694
0.680
0.675
0.668
0.684
1846
2385
3078
3779
4519
5689
6744
8044
9605
10735
12224
13773
15075
Y,250
2.74
2.78
2.80
2.71
2.71
40
45
31
26
64
74
52
15
40
50
56
45
29
27
48
15
10
8
8
4
4
5
4
3
4
3
5
4
4
5
171
123
37
36
123
32
86
6.7
3.5
2
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
16
19
22
4
6
6
7
8
0.685
0.696
0.710
0.733
0.728
0.733
0.718
0.739
0.709
0.699
0.715
0.702
28
597
1049
1496
1846
Y,000
X,650
X,700
2.69
2.67
2.70
2.70
2.77
2.75
2.72
2.75
2.72
2.71
65
55
61
67
55
19
64
57
69
63
54
59
30
25
10
48
40
34
27
53
27
41
46
26
40
46
37
20
38
68
31
49
12
44
5
4
5
5
3
5
6
5
5
5
5
7
7
5
8
6
7
5
5
7
8
7
7
7
7
5
5
5
5
3
4
6
22
100
129
98
208
63
151
40
171
116
175
94
256
1.9
1.3
1.1
2.1
1.3
3.8
144
146
148
149
151
152
154
155
157
158
126
127
128
129
130
131
133
134
134
442
450
458
464
471
480
490
496
500
368
372
374
376
376
378
381
384
385
386
0.725
0.728
0.723
0.696
0.677
0.695
0.710
0.699
0.693
0.679
0.713
0.699
0.671
0.708
0.681
0.693
0.676
0.688
0.686
0.704
0.728
0.719
0.696
0.676
64924
65714
66360
67009
67503
68140
68893
69673
70228
70586
( ) ( g/cm3 ) ( ft3/ft3 ) ( ohm.m ) ft ( V/V )
X,750
X,800
X,850
2.76
2.80
2.72
2.82
2.71
2.75
2.79
2.74
2.68
2.73
2.71
2.73
2.69
75
65
66
72
74
68
64
73
68
72
57
77
64
64
70
73
21
54
66
66
66
60
58
74
84
76
63
74
72
61
75
64
66
67
73
66
70
65
70
66
67
42
48
65
55
11
9
9
10
12
9
10
11
9
9
7
10
9
9
15
7
10
9
10
10
9
7
11
16
13
7
8
9
8
8
7
7
8
8
8
9
7
7
6
4
7
5
837
454
411
605
705
308
461
465
414
264
552
357
410
685
249
407
359
267
559
480
272
460
1019
793
217
398
479
304
335
297
209
301
277
321
364
381
253
276
2.1
1.0
2.8
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.2
7.0
107
110
114
117
121
124
127
131
134
137
139
142
144
94
98
101
104
106
109
113
116
118
121
123
124
328
338
348
358
366
376
386
396
406
416
426
432
259
269
279
289
299
306
316
326
336
346
356
366
368
0.689
0.677
0.693
0.694
0.687
0.674
0.693
0.680
0.678
0.680
0.690
0.687
0.685
0.688
0.681
0.696
0.670
0.690
0.693
0.698
0.674
0.694
0.712
0.708
0.722
0.714
0.714
0.701
0.714
0.665
0.725
46830
48662
50502
52016
53772
55154
56747
58880
60230
61505
62922
64279
64924
X,900
X,950
2.70
2.70
2.70
2.69
2.69
2.70
2.73
2.71
2.73
2.76
2.78
2.70
2.76
61
55
59
63
61
56
49
15
28
40
44
42
55
59
60
61
63
59
69
53
76
53
61
71
56
59
45
45
74
46
73
71
57
58
64
56
50
69
76
77
53
52
64
75
65
16
17
18
16
14
12
8
7
8
9
9
11
11
11
12
10
12
9
12
10
7
10
7
9
9
12
8
10
9
10
12
9
11
9
8
9
13
16
9
9
9
11
9
716
749
1050
936
763
439
74
149
111
434
446
471
481
524
449
868
315
265
548
223
307
292
335
310
225
463
593
184
313
306
127
445
796
1073
250
286
395
837
1.0
2.4
1.8
1.2
1.2
2.6
1.2
3.5
2.1
67
72
75
77
80
84
86
89
92
96
99
103
107
61
63
65
68
71
74
76
79
82
84
88
91
210
219
228
238
248
258
268
278
288
298
308
318
150
160
168
174
184
194
202
212
222
231
241
250
259
0.761
0.760
0.758
0.761
0.761
0.758
0.757
0.751
0.755
0.757
0.753
0.757
0.755
0.683
0.709
0.694
0.682
0.694
0.685
0.695
0.698
0.687
0.685
0.694
0.683
0.694
0.692
0.694
0.689
0.667
0.689
28008
30684
32113
33048
34644
36366
37697
39068
40445
42078
43379
45399
46830
Y,050
Y,100
2.79
2.75
2.80
2.75
2.71
2.68
2.68
2.69
2.72
2.68
2.70
2.69
2.70
55
47
58
53
49
38
41
63
48
60
51
17
24
11
53
35
26
41
46
53
53
55
63
52
58
53
59
59
57
61
55
11
9
8
8
11
8
8
8
11
8
9
7
4
3
4
3
4
5
6
6
11
10
9
10
14
14
17
19
19
17
19
17
17
16
16
16
387
48
97
360
88
83
57
388
321
363
167
596
118
259
488
708
941
1175
733
899
796
840
759
738
716
1.0
1.5
1.1
2.5
1.8
1.0
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
37
40
42
45
46
46
47
48
49
52
57
62
67
33
35
37
37
37
37
38
39
41
46
51
55
134
144
154
156
156
156
156
161
170
180
190
200
89
96
101
110
112
112
112
112
114
120
130
140
150
0.684
0.681
0.679
0.685
0.692
0.695
0.676
0.680
0.714
0.749
0.751
0.742
0.740
0.750
0.748
0.750
0.750
0.751
0.745
0.755
0.762
0.750
0.753
0.760
0.762
0.761
0.759
0.761
0.756
0.762
0.761
15075
16112
17078
18372
18599
18599
18599
18676
19351
20423
23012
25546
28008
Y,150
Y,200
2.71
2.73
2.70
2.67
2.68
2.77
2.74
2.82
2.78
2.76
2.77
2.73
2.79
15
49
18
43
55
38
27
43
42
31
34
41
34
49
41
46
39
29
51
15
57
56
50
56
46
48
47
59
65
40
30
58
55
50
45
53
56
56
53
22
45
66
55
5
6
5
6
6
7
6
7
6
5
9
9
7
5
12
11
10
7
9
11
8
12
9
9
10
10
12
13
8
10
7
9
12
12
13
10
11
13
9
8
11
11
9
86
87
195
28
100
35
65
190
199
406
123
223
234
501
239
272
468
202
443
580
151
328
222
445
433
269
208
288
747
350
37
480
387
1.0
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.6
1.0
2.2
1.7
1.1
2.1
1.5
1.2
1.1
7
8
10
11
13
16
19
22
25
28
31
34
37
6
7
8
10
12
14
17
20
22
25
28
31
26
33
41
48
58
66
76
86
95
105
115
124
8
9
12
14
18
27
34
44
54
61
71
81
89
0.702
0.673
0.700
0.664
0.681
0.701
0.704
0.677
0.666
0.700
0.686
0.687
0.667
0.708
0.696
0.676
0.695
0.721
0.685
0.673
0.681
0.690
0.682
0.688
0.710
0.689
0.694
0.680
0.675
0.668
0.684
1846
2385
3078
3779
4519
5689
6744
8044
9605
10735
12224
13773
15075
Y,250
2.74
2.78
2.80
2.71
2.71
40
45
31
26
64
74
52
15
40
50
56
45
29
27
48
15
10
8
8
4
4
5
4
3
4
3
5
4
4
5
171
123
37
36
123
32
86
6.7
3.5
2
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
12
16
19
22
4
6
6
7
8
0.685
0.696
0.710
0.733
0.728
0.733
0.718
0.739
0.709
0.699
0.715
0.702
28
597
1049
1496
1846
Y,000
S
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e

r
e
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r
v
o
i
r
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6 GO TO TOC
Integrating Coiled Tubing and Production Logging
for ConocoPhillips
BARNETT 1 of 1 EVALUATION
CHALLENGE
Understand fracture/completion program
effectiveness using production logging
technologies. Compare production monitor-
ing capabilities of fiber optics in dry gas
wells.
SOLUTION
Use ACTive PS* integrated coiled tubing
(CT) production service to acquire produc-
tion logging and distributed temperature
survey (DTS) measurements in a single run.
RESULTS
Validated production monitoring capabili-
ties of fiber optics, with a very strong cor-
relation to wireline production logs. Saved
one trip downhole for each well, reducing
risk, cost, and time.
CASE STUDY
www.slb.com/ACTivePS
Integrating Coiled Tubing and Production Logging
for ConocoPhillips
ACTive PS service uses fiber-optic telemetry for a single-run strategy
in the Barnett Shale
Copyright 2010 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 10-CT-0033
Barnett Shale
Operator seeks long-term monitoring without regular intervention
Operating in the Barnett Shale, ConocoPhillips required long-term production monitoring to ana-
lyze completion effectiveness, reservoir depletion, and zonal flow contributions. The conventional
approach for horizontal wells required separate production logs over different time periods to
evaluate changing well performance.
Integrated service uses fiber-optic telemetry
ConocoPhillips chose to explore and evaluate the use of fiber optics. An integrated tech-nique
was applied to two wells. Rather than validate DTS measurements with separate CT runs (fiber-
opticenabled CT for DTS and an electric line inside CT for production logging), the company
acquired both DTS and FloScan Imager* measurements in one run using the ACTive PS service.
Part of the ACTive* in-well live performance family, the ACTive PS service uses fiber-optic
telemetry and downhole wireline data conversion to deliver high-quality, real-time data for tools
conventionally only available in memory mode or with live telemetry via electric line.
Conventional logging techniques performed with ACTive PS service save time and money
ConocoPhillips required DTS and FloScan Imager logs, and ACTive PS enabled real-time telem-
etry to surface, eliminating the use of wireline logging cableequipped CT and capturing both
logs in a single run. This technique reduced time, risk, and cost and ultimately provided two logs
without the additional effects of tripping CT in and out of the well to switch CT strings.
7 GO TO TOC
Barnett Shale Operations Achieve Remote Real-
Time Microseismic Interpretation with Private and
Dedicated Wireless Networks
Schlumberger Information Solutions
IPerformer wireless network coverage areas as of the fourth quarter of 2009 are shown in
green. Additional coverage areas are planned.
Challenge
Optimize remote processing
and collaborative interpretation
of microseismic data acquired
and transmitted from wellsite to
office. Access very large seismic
datasets in real time and provide
mapped microseismic locations
for display at both the wellsite
and remote sites.
Solution
Use the InterACT* connectivity,
collaboration, and information
system; StimMAP LIVE* real-
time microseismic fracture
monitoring, in conjunction with
Petrel* seismic-to-simulation
software; and IPerformer*
Wireless Broadband service, a
WiMAX-based terrestrial radio
network with 1,700-bps circuitry
for high-volume, high-speed,
low-latency data transmission.
Results
Improved decision making by
instantaneously communicating
field operations data to the
corporate office. Delivered
cost-effective, consistent,
and high-quality connectivity
(100% uptime and less than
a 60-ms delay).
Barnett Shale Operations Achieve Remote
Real-Time Microseismic Interpretation with
Private and Dedicated Wireless Networks
Case study: Expediting field operations and improving collaboration
for accurate decision making
Inefficient microseismic data transmission
In the Barnett Shale, the largest natural gas play in Texas, hydraulic fracture monitoring
(HFM) services are often used to map ongoing treatments. Operators needed more efficient
office support of critical decisions, so a new method was sought to improve transmission
speed of high volumes of microseismic data for real-time processing and interpretation.
Processing data remotely would improve overall efficiency, minimize safety risks, and pro-
vide access to high-power computer systems not available in the field. Remote transmission
of full seismic data waveforms (not just triggered events) was key to reaching this goal. The
main difficulty was that seismic datasets could exceed 5 GB, causing throughput and delay
issues that traditional data transmission methods could not always handle. The new method
had to provide microseismic event data to decision makers on location or in the office
within 30 seconds of detection.
8 GO TO TOC
Combination of services for a pilot well
Schlumberger Data & Consulting Services (DCS) and Schlumberger Information Solutions (SIS)
collaborated on HFM requirements. A combination of StimMAP LIVE, Petrel, IPerformer, and
InterACT technologies was first applied to a pilot well to test mobilization, setup, and performance.
StimMAP LIVE diagnostic services were run by DCS to monitor microseismic fractures in real
time as they were created. Used with SIS Petrel software, this service enabled operators to visualize
fracture development and make real-time treatment adjustments to optimize job effectiveness.
Partnered with ERF Wireless, Inc., SIS also delivered a high-capacity broadband service to the
Barnett operators. This included IPerformer connectivitya 1,700-bps, WiMAX-based terrestrial
radio circuit positioned alongside the standard VSAT service. Designed for oil and gas business
applications, the IPerformer service ensured high performance, reliability, and security for
transmitting full waveform data.
The solution also offered low latency, with less than a 60-ms delay, no contention (1,700 bps
unshared), and 100% reliability. Both onsite and remote geophysicists could access ongoing jobs
in real time through a continuous feed from the field via the Internet and the Schlumberger
InterACT Web server, employing secure encryption. Network statistics recorded over a 24-hour
period during pilot well testing indicated
uptime of 100%
upload bandwidth speeds of 1,700+ bps
download bandwidth speeds of 1,700+ bps
average upload speed of 468 KBps
average latency of 20 ms or less.
Collaborative seismic interpretation
The pilot showed that collaborative seismic interpretation could be accomplished remotely with
minimal processing and visualization delay, bringing field operations to operation support center
experts in real time. The wireless broadband service enabled the WiMAX network to achieve 100%
uptime with negligible packet retransmissions. Wellsite and remote staff indicated that where
high data rates are expected, this communication service performs significantly better than using
VSAT communications alone. Due to the pilots success, this solution will be expanded to other
operations within the communications coverage area of Texas and surrounding states.
Schlumberger Information Solutions (SIS) is an operating unit of Schlumberger that provides
software, information management, IT, and related services. SIS collaborates closely with oil and
gas companies to solve todays tough reservoir challenges with an open business approach and
comprehensive solution deployment. Through our technologies and services, oil and gas companies
empower their people to improve business performance by reducing exploration and development
risk and optimizing operational efficiencies.
E-mail sisinfo@slb.com or contact your local Schlumberger representative to learn more.
Both onsite and remote
geophysicists could access
ongoing jobs in real time
through a continuous feed
from the field via the Internet
and the Schlumberger
InterACT Web server,
employing secure encryption.
www.slb.com/sis
Copyright 2010 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 10-IS-0307
9 GO TO TOC
CHALLENGE
Land operators first Marcellus Shale
production well in the best reservoir
portion of the Marcellus Shale and
place a 4,000-ft lateral section
in a narrow target interval.
SOLUTION
Combine real-time geosteering
using EcoScope* measurements
with azimuthal images and interpreta-
tion support from Schlumberger well
placement engineers.
RESULTS
Landed well 12 to 14 ft below the top
of the target interval; lateral sections
steered using EcoScope measure-
ments remained within the target.
Real-Time Measurements Optimize
Marcellus Shale Well Placement
Maximize contact with the reservoir target
An independent operator worked with Schlumberger to interpret wireline logs from vertical
wells to understand the heterogeneity of distinct layers within the Marcellus Shale. The operator
wanted to place its first Marcellus Shale well in a 57-ft [17-m] thick target interval it had mapped
using offset well logs and seismic data, noting that the Marcellus dips as much as 2.5
o
near the
potential well location.
The company decided to log while drilling to correlate real-time measurements with seismic
data to steer a long lateral section within the target interval. A Schlumberger well placement
engineer was engaged to interpret the real-time logging data and advise the operations team
from the operating company.
Steer within dipping beds
The well was landed in the middle of the defined target, 12 ft shallower than planned. To drill the
horizontal section, measurements and density images from the EcoScope multifunction logging-
while-drilling service were used to steer the well parallel to the target beds.
Marcellus shale operator repeatedly places
long lateral in richest target zone
Daily analysis of measurements acquired while drilling helped the operating company place a long
lateral with a clear understanding of drilling mechanics, borehole stability, and formation evaluation,
which contributed to successful well completions.
CASE STUDY
Shale Gas
10 GO TO TOC
The density images were also used to map individual shale beds.
A Schlumberger well placement team worked with the operating
company to match the real-time measurements and derived dips from
density images with dynamic synthetic models to provide visualization
for steering. This cooperation helped improve well placement because
the dip of the Marcellus was found vary locally, averaging less than 1
o
.
The lateral was placed within a 30-ft [10-m] stratigraphic window that
is only 18 ft thick when converted to true vertical thickness.
sonicVISION* data acquired while drilling was of good quality
and showed no obvious indications of open fractures. This data
was used to derive rock mechanical properties along the lateral,
which revealed significant variations in the minimum horizontal stress.
Using Schlumberger LWD Shale Gas Completion Optimization Solutions,
perforations were designed in zones of lowest stress, low clay content,
and high free gas content along ten hydraulic fracturing stages.
This analysis helped the operating company design the stage intervals
and pinpoint perforation clusters to target intervals with the optimal
properties for hydraulic fracturing.
Optimize future wells
The well penetrated the desired target interval and proved to be a good
producer. The excursions of the lateral outside the target confirmed
that even subtle dips in the Marcellus Shale should be anticipated when
planning wells. By penetrating a substantial section within the target,
the operating company optimized the completion for maximum recovery
from the reservoir.
The superior production from the new well and wells drilled later using
the EcoScope service showed the value of advanced measurement
technology for placing wells in the most productive zone. The operating
company committed to a multiwell drilling campaign incorporating the
EcoScope service and Schlumberger well placement engineering support.
www.slb.com/shalegas

A full suite of EcoScope and sonicVISION measurements shows vertical and lateral changes along the wellbore,
with the density images confirming structural dip.
Marcellus shale operator repeatedly places long lateral in richest target zone
11 GO TO TOC
Mississippian Shale Seismic Reservoir Character-
ization Improves Gas Production
MISSISSIPPIAN 1 of 2 EVALUATION
CHALLENGE
Understand anisotropy of shale reservoir
and delineate shale reservoir sweet spots,
reservoir areas to be avoided, and subtle
faults that previously had been overlooked.
Optimize drilling and completion in a 9-mi
2

pilot area.
SOLUTION
Perform full seismic reservoir characteriza-
tion, including azimuthal velocity analy-
sis, prestack inversion, and fault image
enhancement in a 9-mi
2
3D seismic grid,
and integration of measurements from
three wells.
RESULTS
Achieved more consistently effective
completions, optimal drilling locations,
and more profitable development of shale
reservoirs. Reduced operational risk of
diverting into a fault with accurate fault
identification.
The challenges of anisotropic rocks
Operators in shale plays face significant
exploration and delineation challenges that
can be addressed using seismic methods. A
fundamental challenge is that the seismic ve-
locity of shale tends to be much greater hori-
zontally than vertically. Also, velocities vary
azimuthally under the influence of stress and
pre-existing fractures. Understanding both
these anisotropies is important in predicting
the location of pre-existing natural fractures
in the rock and how induced fractures might
grow. Delineating sweet spots, mapping
rock stiffness vertically and laterally, and
identifying drilling hazards such as faults also
improve drilling and completion operations.
The relative importance of specific reservoir
characteristics varies from shale to shale. For
example, the relative importance of pre-exist-
ing fractures and lateral variations in stress
varies widely from shale to shale. Both are important in this particular shale. Also important is
lithology. In each shale, the most porous rocks are those with the highest total organic carbon
(TOC). This could be the carbonate facies, the siliceous facies, or the argillaceous facies, de-
pending on the shale. In this pilot study area, the siliceous facies contained most of the porosity.
Fortunately, this is also the facies with the greatest stiffness, so this was the interval to be drilled
and fractured.
The operator wanted to evaluate shale acreage using a 9-km
2
3D seismic grid and logs and pro-
duction data from two wells. Subsequent drilling during the project provided an additional control
point, the analysis of stress from a Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning platform log in the new
well. Results of this reservoir characterization study would be used to plan and drill additional
wells.
Innovative seismic analysis
Simultaneous inversion of prestack surface seismic data yields seismic rock properties that can
delineate reservoir sweet spots, such as the more siliceous portions of this Mississippian shale.
Ant Tracking was performed to enhance and identify planar features indicative of faults. Also,
more subtle but operationally important features like fracture swarms degrade the seismic image
and can be detected by Ant Tracking. This method of enhanced fault delineation reduces the
risk of drilling near faults by providing a high-resolution image of fractures and faults, better than
interpretation using only conventional seismic data or fault attributes like coherence or variance.
These reservoir features can divert the energy of a hydraulic fracturing stage and impair produc-
tion from that stage.
CASE STUDY
Shale Gas
Mississippian Shale Seismic Reservoir
Characterization Improves Gas Production
Seismic processing, inversion, and Ant Tracking high-grade drilling locations
and enable more-effective completion operations
An Ant Track cube reveals features likely to be faults.
12 GO TO TOC
MISSISSIPPIAN 2 of 2 EVALUATION
The integration of seismic rock properties and detailed fault delineation
provides effective delineation of sweet spots and drilling hazards, improv-
ing shale gas profitability. Seismic interpretations were integrated with log
data, including Ant Tracking results and Sonic Scanner data. Together,
these provided detailed delineation of fault features, reservoir sweet spots,
and stiffness stratigraphy that went well beyond what would be discerned
using only conventional analysis of the seismic data.
Improving drilling results
In this Mississippian shale reservoir, zones with the greatest azimuthal
anistropy proved to be more productive, although this result does not nec-
essarily hold true for other shale reservoirs. Using maps and cubes gener-
ated through seismic reservoir characterization, the operator was able to
improve efficiency by focusing drilling efforts in areas where production
would be greater.
As a result of seismic reservoir characterization, the operator realized that
potential infill drilling locations were not likely to achieve adequate produc-
tion in this pilot area. By focusing on high-graded drilling locations, drilling
operations were more effective and financial results more positive.
CASE STUDY: High-grade drilling locations and enable more-effective completion operations
Target -----
Low
High
Acoustic Impedance
Poissons Ratio Fractogram
Sonic Scanner
Fast Shear Azimuth Sonic Scanner
Fast Shear Azimuth
Sonic Scanner
Fast Shear Azimuth
Sonic Scanner
Fast Shear Azimuth
Integration of all available data validates the interpretations of rock properties,
faults, and reservoir risks related to well completions.
Low values of Poissons ratio, representing more siliceous reservoir, appear as
purple zones within the laterally varying target section in this seismic line.
Acoustic impedence Possions Ratio Fractogram
13 GO TO TOC
Consulting Services Identifes Key Technologies to
Drill and Evaluate Wells in the Niobrara Formation
NIOBRARA 1 of 2 EVALUATION
CHALLENGE
Determine key production drivers in Nio-
brara formation, target interval of highest
reservoir quality, and accurately geosteer
the horizontal lateral within that zone.
SOLUTION
Engaged Schlumberger DCS to recommend
and run a suite of fit-for-purpose tools to
characterize the reservoir, guide real-time
geosteering, and optimize completions.
RESULTS
Identified the 10-ft interval of greatest
potential, stayed in zone for entire length of
the 3,000-ft lateral, and modified completion
design to maximize well performance.
Schlumberger DCS was very easy
to work with and provided the
expert guidance needed to suc-
cessfully complete our first three
horizontal wells within the desired
stratigraphic interval.
Independent Operator,
Denver-Julesberg basin
Making sure to get it rightfrom the start
In the fall of 2010, a small operator in the Denver-Julesberg basin of Colorado began its first
horizontal drilling campaign in the Niobrara formation, an unconventional oil reservoir with four
laterally continuous chalk units. Based on historical drilling data, the operator knew the B unit
was the primary target in this area, but did not know what portion of the 36-ft zone would be most
productive.
The operator needed to understand the reservoirs major production driverspetrophysics,
mechanical properties, natural fractures, structural complexity, and so onand use that knowl-
edge to optimize drilling and completions not only for the first well, but for the whole campaign.
Since the companys internal resources were limited and they were relatively unfamiliar with the
area, decision makers wanted to shorten the typical learning curve associated with entering any
new unconventional play. They wanted to make sure they got it right, from the very beginning. To
do so, they turned to the seasoned geotechnical consultants of Schlumberger Data & Consulting
Services (DCS).
Accurately quantifying the key production drivers
The client approached DCS because of its reputation consulting on unconventional projects
in the Denver-Julesberg basin. Based on the operators needs, DCS recommended a suite of
high-tier, fit-for-purpose logging measurements for the pilot hole and a geosteering solution for
the lateral.
Schlumberger Platform Express* integrated wireline logging, ECS* elemental capture spectroscopy,
and CMR* combinable magnetic resonance tools accurately quantified reservoir qualitymin-
eralogy, porosity, permeability, and saturation. Borehole images from FMI* fullbore formation
CASE STUDY
Reservoir Characterization
Consulting Services Identifies Key Technologies to
Expert analysis of high-tier logs and real-time data targets the most productive
zone in unconventional oil reservoir
Expert analysis of high-tier log measurements determined that a 10-ft interval (yellow) in the Niobrara B (green)
was the zone of greatest potential production.
N
i
o
b
r
a
r
a

B
Petrophysical Evaluation Borehole Imagery Acoustic Properties
14 GO TO TOC
NIOBRARA 2 of 2 EVALUATION
microimager helped unravel natural and induced fractures. And
acoustic behavior information from Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning
platform characterized the Niobraras stress state and other mechani-
cal properties.
Expert processing, analysis, interpretation, and integration of field log
data by DCS geoscientists and engineers yielded a better understand-
ing of the target reservoir in the area. In the process, they identified
a 10-ft interval in the middle of the Niobrara B unit as the zone of
greatest potential. After determining where to drill the horizontal
lateral, the teams next challenge was to keep the wellbore within that
more-productive zone as much as possible.
Targeting the productive zone, optimizing completions
Because of the formations extensive lateral continuity, Schlumberger
recommended its new MicroScope* advanced resistivity and
imaging-while-drilling service to guide geosteering operations.
A DCS well placement engineer interpreted resistivity images in
real time to construct an initial cross-section of the target interval
and to determine when the borehole was climbing or dropping. As
a result, the well successfully remained in the 10-ft zone of highest
reservoir quality for more than 3,000 ft.
After drilling was completed, further processing and interpretation of
high-resolution MicroScope imagery revealed detailed bedding and
fracture intensity, as well as the strike and dip of open and healed
natural fractures. This refined the structural section along the well
path, enabling engineers to optimize the original completion design
in three ways: (1) by combining similar lithologies, (2) by avoiding the
placement of packers in areas of intense fracturing, and (3) by managing
fluids and pump rates to prevent excessive leakoff and achieve
near-wellbore connectivity.
Finally, results from this initial well empowered the operator to make
more informed decisions about additional wells in its ongoing Niobrara
drilling program.
www.slb.com/dcs
Copyright 2011 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 11-DC-0019
CASE STUDY: Target the most productive zone in Niobrara reservoir
Real-time interpretation of high-resolution resistivity images (top) successfully
maintained the wellbore within the 10-ft target zone (yellow) for over 3,000 ft.
Based on this project, Schlumberger identified a range of technologies and services
capable of characterizing and quantifying the key drivers of Niobrara oil production.
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
00
10
T
r
u
e

v
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

d
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
600 1,000 1,400 1,800 2,200 2,600 3,000 3,400 3,800 4,200
Niobrara B - Base
Niobrara B - Top
Target
Production Driver Importance Technology and Services
Reservoir quality
(porosity, permeability,
saturation)
Hydrocarbon storage,
oil in place,
and matrix contribution to flow
Platform Express*,
CMR*,
ECS*, Rt Scanner*,
and core calibration
Natural fractures and
structural complexity
(faults, curvature)
System permeability,
reservoir connectivity,
ability to stay in zone
FMI*, MicroScope*,
anisotropy, 3D seismic
Charge access Fluid properties,
pore pressure
ECS, resistivity, core
calibration, fluid property
mapping
Fluid properties
and pressure
Downhole pressure,
oil properties
In situ pressure
and sampling from MDT*
and PressureXpress*
services
Geomechanics Stress orientation and magni-
tude for fracture containment,
achieving transverse
hydraulic fractures,
achieving wellbore stability
Sonic Scanner*,
mechanical earth modeling,
StimMAP* microseismic
monitoring
Well placement Intercepting best-quality part
of reservoir for production,
optimal stimulation,
avoiding near-wellbore pinchoff
Real-time geosteering
with image logs
Well performance Validation of hydraulic
fracturing success
and need for well placement
FloScan Imager*
production logging
15 GO TO TOC
Advanced Logging Technology Reveals the Most
Productive Zones in Woodford Shale
WOODFORD 1 of 2 EVALUATION
CHALLENGE
Optimize placement and production
from future wells in the Woodford
Shale by identifying and perforating
the most prolific reservoir rock.
SOLUTION
Integrate LWD along the lateral with
neutron, density, and resistivity data
from a vertical offset well to identify
the most productive reservoir intervals.
Refine mapping of reservoir zones using
LWD and identify sweet spots using
Flow Scanner* horizontal and deviated
well production logging system.
RESULTS
Integration of EcoScope*, Platform
Express*, and Flow Scanner data
determined that 90% of gas came from
perforations placed in zones identified
as most productive.
Advanced Logging Technology Reveals the
Most Productive Zones in Woodford Shale Wells
Mapping reservoir intervals
An operator performed an LWD operation on a 4,000-ft [1,220-m] lateral in the Woodford
Shale. The measurements were run to understand how the formation dip changes laterally
and how the reservoir properties vary across the vertical layers. Working with engineers from
Schlumberger Data & Consulting Services, the operator integrated offset vertical triple combo
neutron, density, and resistivity measurements with measurements obtained with the EcoScope
multifunction LWD service to map nine distinct layers in the Woodford Shale with a thickness
of 220 ft [67 m].
Integrating measurements to identify high-quality reservoir intervals
After the well was put on production, the Flow Scanner multispinner production logging
tool was run, and data from it was integrated with maps of reservoir zones to identify the
most prolific zones within the Woodford Shale. The Flow Scanner measurements determined
that more than 90% of the gas was produced from perforations located in three of the nine
mapped zones.
Integration of LWD and production logging measurements identifies the
most productive zones of the shale reservoir in Oklahoma
Geochemical analysis used to identify drilling and production sweet spots in the Woodford Shale.
Two consecutive stages show 19% vs. 10% gas contribution. Proper measurements and completion
procedures are necessary for understanding reservoir performance and optimizing future wells.
CASE STUDY
Shale Gas
600 400 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 5600 5400 5200 5000 4800 4600 4400 4200 800
8850
8900
9000
8950
9100
9050
9200
9150
8850
8900
9000
8950
9100
9050
9200
9150
Stage 9 Stage 8 Stage 7 Stage 6 Stage 5 Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1
Horizontal Length, ft
V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
% Production
contribtion
Stage 6 - 10% Gas Stage 7 - 19% Gas
Shale
Bound Fluid
QFM (Sand)
Pyrite
Kerogen
Free Gas
Perforation
Cluster
Wellbore
Trajectory
% Production
Contribution
% Production
Contribution
16 GO TO TOC
WOODFORD 2 of 2 EVALUATION
These three highly productive layers were adjacent to one another and within 82 ft [25 m] of each
other. Furthermore, interpretations derived from EcoScope and Flow Scanner data showed that
perforation clusters placed across higher free gas, lower clay content, and lower calcite volume
produced more gas.
Optimizing future wells
Lateral measurements are crucial to place wells in the most productive layers within the
Woodford Shale. Placing perforation clusters across zones with the most favorable rock
properties should result in stronger performance from all the perforation clusters, ultimately
increasing the total well production. The operator will apply lessons learned from this well
to optimize future operations. This approach of integrating measurements from vertical
logging data, lateral LWD data, and production logs is essential to understand how to optimize
production from other heterogeneous shale plays.

Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC), formerly Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC), and Schlumberger collaborated on a research
project to develop LWD technology that reduces the need for traditional chemical sources. Designed around the pulsed neutron generator (PNG), EcoScope
service uses technology that resulted from this collaboration. The PNG and the comprehensive suite of measurements in a single collar are key components
of the EcoScope service that deliver game-changing LWD technology.
CASE STUDY : Integration of LWD and production logging measurements identifies the most productive zones of the
shale reservoir in Oklahoma
600 400 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 5600 5400 5200 5000 4800 4600 4400 4200 800
8850
8900
9000
8950
9100
9050
9200
9150
8850
8900
9000
8950
9100
9050
9200
9150
Stage 9 Stage 8 Stage 7 Stage 6 Stage 5 Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 6 Stage 5 Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 4 Stage 7
V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l

D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
19% of total well production
from stage 7
from stage 4
% Production Contribtion
Production from highly productive zones in the Woodford Shale can be 6 times greater than less-productive zones, so operators use advanced logging
technology such as the EcoScope service to optimize well placement.
17 GO TO TOC
Advanced Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Finds
Laminated Pay, Eagle Ford Shale
EAGLE FORD 1 of 2 EVALUATION
CHALLENGE
Discriminate intervals with the best produc-
tion potential in what appears to be uniform
matrix on standard log suites.
SOLUTION
Run the newly developed 50-burst mag-
netic resonance acquisition application
in combination with the Three-Detector
Lithology Density (TLD) tool to discern
both extremely low-porosity and medium-
porosity laminations though statistical
analysis.
RESULTS
Used the improved ability to locate oil-
bearing laminated intervals to optimize
placement of four additional laterals.
Conventionally undifferentiated shales
Standard log suites, which were developed for conventional reservoirs, characterize the Eagle
Ford shale play as a uniform matrix. Analysis of logs with this conventional resolution cannot
easily find where the best potential for oil production may occur.
Fifty-burst magnetic resonance application and high-resolution density
Magnetic resonance logging has long been applied to discern moveable from nonmoveable fluids
regardless of the matrix, which is of great utility in clay-bearing formations. The new 50-burst
application improves the statistics for the smallest pores by enabling the collection of more data
by an advanced prepolarizing magnetic resonance tool. The result is a 6-in or greater resolution
of the clay-bound micropore region of the rock.
The TLD tool uses three detectors to obtain a high-resolution 8-in density output. The TLD detector
with 2-in resolution is normally applied to correct for minor wellbore changes resulting from the
hole condition and mudcake. In the Eagle Ford the matrix is primarily carbonate and the well-
bores are typically smooth. This logging environment allows use of the 2-in detector as a stand-
alone porosity device to improve the visibility and reliability of the TLD curves.
Visible laminated pay
The Eagle Ford is highly laminated with thin laminations. Run with a conventional logging suite,
the 8-in-resolution density cannot differentiate laminations with substantial porosity. However,
logging analysis combining the 50-burst magnetic resonance application and high-resolution
TLD readily identifies laminated pay by differentiating very small pores, micropores, and poten-
tially oil-bearing matrix. Standard-resolution analysis presents only an average of the matrix,
which cannot discriminate laminations.
CASE STUDY
Wireline
Advanced Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Finds
Laminated Pay, Eagle Ford Shale
Matrix nonuniformity detailed by combining 50-burst magnetic resonance
application and high-resolution density logging
Logging with the three TLD density curves at different resolutions identifies intervals for further analysis with the
50-burst magnetic resonance application to find completion opportunities not seen by standard logging.
18 GO TO TOC
19 EAGLE FORD 2 of 2 EVALUATION
CASE STUDY: Laminated pay identified by advanced magnetic resonance analysis, Eagle Ford Shale
Density
Pyrite
Salt 2-in Density-Porosity > 0.12 ft
3
/ft
3
2-in Density Porosity
FMI* Formation Microimager
Orientation North
0 120 240 360
Resistive Conductive
FMI* Formation Microimager
Orientation North
0 120 240 360
Resistive Conductive
Coal
Siderite
Microporosity
T
2
Distribution
Pyrite
Carbonate
Clay
Density
Standoff
g/cm
3
0.9 0.1
SpectroLith* Lithology
lbm/lbm 1 0
ft
3
/ft
3
0.2 0
Standard-Resolution
Density Porosity
ft
3
/ft
3
0.2 0
8-in Density Porosity
ft
3
/ft
3
0.2 0
ELANPlus* Mineralogy
Chlorite
Illite
Montmorillonite
Clay 1
Bound Water
Quartz
Calcite
Oil
Water
Moved Hydrocarbon
Moved Water
V/V 1 0
0 29
Pyrite Volume
Measured
Depth, ft
ft
3
/ft
3
0 0.07
Kerogen
Pyrite
XX,470
XX,480
Track 3 overlays the standard-resolution density with the 8-in and 2-in curves.
The resolution of the 2-in curve is consistent with the enhanced image curve in
Track 4. The 2-in-resolution density shows higher porosity (circled) along certain
layers that is as much as 5-pu higher than standard resolution. In the same inter-
vals, the 50-burst application in Track 5 differentiates very small pores, micropores,
and potentially oil-bearing matrix. Compared with the detail provided by the TLD
and 50-burst logs, the standard-resolution analysis in Track 6 does not show any
bedding but merely an average of the matrix.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Very high-resolution
density and 50-burst
magnetic resonance
reveal laminated pay
Micropore region 333 ms
No visible difference seen
in standard analysis
www.slb.com/wireline
Standard-resolution
density porosity
8-in density porosity
2-in density porosity
GO TO TOC
DRILLING SHALE PLAYS
Borehole Images Help Optimize Well Placement
and Completion
CHALLENGE

Place long horizontal wellbore
within 10-ft highly fractured layer
of chalk bench.

Evaluate fractures along lateral section.
SOLUTION
Use MicroScope* high-resolution
resistivity-while-drilling and imaging-while-
drilling service for real-time structural
interpretation and fracture identification.
RESULTS

Kept 3,000-ft lateral within 10-ft target
of best quality pay.

Acquired high-resolution images
to facilitate fracture identification
and fault estimation and provide
structural analysis.

Optimized stage designs for
hydraulic fracturing.
The operator used MicroScope
high-resolution images to optimize
well placement and hydraulic
fracturing operations for
maximum recovery.
Keep wellbore within target zone
An operator in Wyoming, USA, planned to develop the Niobrara formation in the Denver-Julesburg
basin by combining horizontal drilling with multistage hydraulic fracturing. This formation consists
of up to four laterally continuous chalk benches with intervening marls. Both permeability and
porosity in the Niobrara chalk are relatively low, and production was expected to be enhanced by
natural fractures. From historical drilling data in the area, it was known that the 33-ft C bench
layer was the most attractive interval. This was reconfirmed and refined by openhole logs run in a
pilot hole, where the operator identified a 10-ft window as the final lateral zone target. Keeping the
wellbore within the highly fractured layer identified in the pilot hole would require accurate real-
time information to guide steering decisions.
Make proactive well placement decisions
The operator achieved the well placement needed to optimize recovery by using MicroScope
service to provide real-time acquisition and transmission of high-resolution electrical borehole
images, azimuthal gamma ray measurements, and multidepth measurement of formation
resistivity. Analysis of this information in real time allowed proactive well placement decisions to
be made by comparing the apparent dip of the formation to the borehole trajectory.
1,000
Actual trajectory
Planned trajectory
Sliding interval
40
100
80
60
2,000 3,000 4,000
Up
Left
Down
Right
Up
Need label
Need label
Top Blayer
Top C layer
Target top
Target base
BottomNiobrara
D
y
n
a
m
ic
D
e
e
p
B
u
tto
n

R
e
s
is
tiv
ity
Im
a
g
e

(T
o
p
o
f H
o
le
), R
e
a
l-T
im
e

Horizontal extension, ft
T
V
D
,

f
t

CASE STUDY
Drilling
High-resolution MicroScope real-time images, along with azimuthal gamma ray, were used effectively to keep
the 3,000-ft lateral within the target window to maximize reservoir contact.
Borehole Images Help Optimize
Well Placement and Completion
Resistivity- and imaging-while-drilling service enables Wyoming operator
to identify and characterize fractures along 3,000-ft lateral
NIOBRARA 1 of 2 DRILLING 20 GO TO TOC
Open Natural Fractures349
2 ft
Healed Natural Fractures867
Rosette plotstrike
Rosette plotstrike
www.slb.com/MicroScope
Copyright 2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 11-DR-0029
CASE STUDY: High-resolution images enable Wyoming operator to identify and characterize fractures
Recorded MicroScope images showed approximately 349 open natural fractures (top) and 867 healed natural
fractures (bottom) that strike northwest to southeast and dip steeply to the northeast and southwest. The open
fractures were responsible for significant mud losses during drilling.
Maximize reservoir contact
and optimize fracturing stages
Use of MicroScope service enabled the
operator to maximize reservoir contact in
the desired chalk bench. In addition, analysis
of the high-resolution MicroScope images
facilitated fracture identification, fault
estimation, and structural analysis to optimize
stage designs for hydraulic fracturing. The
packers were staged to complete similar
zones together and placed away from large
open fractures. Sleeve ports were positioned
close to open natural fracture swarms.
Contact your local Schlumberger
representative to learn more.
ONYX II Cutter Technology Saves East Texas Basin
Operator USD 250,600
CASE STUDY
Drill Bits
CHALLENGE
Develop new cutters to further expand the
PDC application envelope into harder, more
abrasive formations.
SOLUTION
Launch multipronged research initiative to
exploit new, hard materials science and
manufacturing techniques that will enable
the production of ONYX II* PDC cutters.
RESULT
Reduced drilling costs by 26% in 9
7
/8-in
hole section while setting a new Freestone
County, Texas ROP record. Increased
footage capabilities to construct a 6-in
Bossier lateral reducing cost per foot
by20%. Drilled a 7
7
/8-in vertical wellbore
at 115.7 ft/h, increasing ROP by 95% and
reducing cost per foot by 44%.
New cutters to drill harder and more
abrasive formations required
Devon Energy must drill the hard and abrasive
Travis Peak, Cotton Valley, and Bossier forma-
tions to tap Jurassic natural gas reserves in
the prolific East Texas basin. The unconfined
compressive strength (UCS) of the Travis Peak
and Cotton Valley formations ranges from
9,000 psi to 32,000 psi. In the area, the inter-
bedded Travis Peak is approximately 1,800 ft
thick; the Cotton Valley is 1,400 ft thick. The
alternating lithologies and large UCS variation
are not conducive to smooth, vibration-free
PDC drilling. In the last nine years, a vast
number of wells have been drilled through
these difficult, thick formations using PDC
bits equipped with leached cutter products
(LC). And while the LC manufacturing process
enhances thermal stability, which improves
abrasion resistance, most PDC bits used in
this area were still tripped near the top of the
Travis Peak. Bit replacement was necessary,
because the LCs active shearing edge was
quickly dulled reducing ROP below an accept-
able level. This limitation prevented further
advancement of PDC drilling in the region, and
drove the industry to launch an extensive engi-
neering research and manufacturing initiative
to develop a cutter that could endure harder
and more abrasive formations.
More footage and higher ROP
break through
In 2008, Smith Bits mastered a two-step HP/HT
manufacturing method that produced ONYX*
PDC cutters, which enabled PDC bits to drill
more footage at higher ROP. Intervals that
normally required multiple PDCs to reach TD
could, in some cases, be drilled using one bit
with ONYX cutters. Despite this innovation, the
majority of bits being pulled were still in less
than desirable dull condition, which added
significantly to the cost of drilling. Further
improvements were necessary to advance the
cutters resistance to abrasive wear.
The 7
7
/8-in MSi616 drill bit with ONYX II PDC cutters
recorded an ROP of 115.7 ft/h.
New ONYX II Cutter Technology Saves East Texas
Basin Operator USD 250,600
Faster drilling reduces cost per foot by 44%, sets Freestone County ROP record
The 6-in MSi713 drill bit with ONYX II PDC cutters
reduced cost per foot by 20%.
HAYNESVILLE-BOSSIER 1 of 2 DRILLING 22 GO TO TOC
www.slb.com/onyxII
Well #2 (Harrison County): Bit with
ONYX cutters increases ROP 95%
The objective was to drill a 7
7
/8-in vertical hole
section at maximum ROP to the kick-off point
with as few PDC bits as possible. A six-bladed
MSi616UPX PDC bit equipped with 16-mm
ONYX II cutters was selected for the test. The
bit drilled the Travis Peak and bottomed in
the upper portion of the Cotton Valley sand.
The bit completed the section in one run at
an average rate of 115.7 ft/h and was pulled
at the KOP as planned. To benchmark the
new cutters performance, four offset wells
with a similar 7
7
/8-in vertical hole sections
were selected for analysis. The investigation
revealed that compared to the four-well offset
average of just 59.4 ft/h the PDC with ONYX II
cutters recorded a 95% increase in ROP. The
reduction in rig-time usage lowered cost per
foot by 44% saving the operator USD 100,600.
Other company, product, and service names are the properties
of their respective owners.
Copyright 2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 11-BT-0063
CASE STUDY: New bit design produces a significant improvement in drilling performance
Devon Energy is actively developing Bossier
and Cotton Valley natural gas reserves in
Freestone and Harrison counties with hori-
zontal drilling techniques.
Although depths of the Travis Peak and Cotton
Valley formations vary from county to county,
thickness and UCS of these two zones is consis-
tent. PDC bits with ONYX cutters were recently
run in two of the areas wells and recorded
measurable performance gains compared to
offsets drilled with standard cutters:
Well #1: Bit with ONYX cutters saves
USD 120,000
To test drill a 9
7
/8-in vertical hole section, a six-
bladed MSi616PX equipped with 16-mm
ONYX II cutters was selected. The bit drilled
1,232 ft at an average rate of 65.5 ft/h reaching
the Travis Peak in one run.
The bit set a new Freestone County ROP
record for PDC drilling from under surface
casing to the Travis Peak. A cost analysis was
performed using footage totals and drilling
hours from four direct offset wells in which
similar 9
7
/8-in hole sections were drilled with
bits using standard PDC cutters. Three of the
four wells required two PDC bits to reach the
required depth, with one offset requiring three
PDCs to complete the interval. Using ONYX II
cutters reduced interval cost per foot by 26%
compared to the four-well offset average; this
equated to a one run savings of USD 120,000.
Well #1 (Lateral): Bit with ONYX cutters
drops cost per foot 20%
To construct the 6-in Bossier lateral, engi-
neers selected a seven-bladed MSi713WUPX
equipped with 13-mm ONYX II cutters. The run
was successful and the bit drilled significantly
more footage compared to a competitors PDC
run on a comparable BHA. An analysis, using
standardized bit price and rig rate, revealed a
20% reduction in cost per foot compared to the
four-well offset average and a total savings of
USD 30,000. The ONYX II cutters also improved
the bits dull condition.
Technical team advances diamond
cutting materials
To take cutter performance to the next level,
engineers focused on improving diamond
sintering and post-processing technologies.
The development effort, which included
personnel from R&D, engineering, and manu-
facturing, concentrated on three initiatives
intended to improve the cutters resistance to
abrasive wear:

Increase density/packing of diamond
structure

Synthesize diamond table under extreme
HP/HT conditions

Develop a post-pressing process to
enhance thermal stability
The initiatives led to gains in hard mate-
rials science and enhanced manufacturing
processes that resulted in next generation
ONYX II cutter technology. In laboratory wear-
index tests, ONYX II cutter has demonstrated
a 15% improvement in resistance to abrasive
wear compared to the original ONYX cutter
shearing elements. The new cutters ability
to retain a sharp edge would mean increased
drilling efficiency in the targeted application.
ONYX II cutter field tests demonstrated a 15%
average increase in ROP while improving
overall dull bit condition.
IDEAS optimizes application-specific
PDC design
To fully exploit the ONYX II cutter advantage
requires a dynamically stable bit body with
the proper blade count and optimized cutter
placement. This was accomplished using the
IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform rock
sample laboratory and modeling system to
create a real-world virtual environment. With
the IDEAS platform, designers can observe
how a bit interacts with actual formations as
an integral part of the total drilling system.
Engineers can then test and analyze the
results of iterative design changes to rapidly
advance an engineering concept to a field-
proven PDC design.
The 9
7
/8-in MSI616 drill bit with ONYX II PDC cutters set
a Freestone County ROP record.
HAYNESVILLE-BOSSIER 2 of 2 DRILLING 23 GO TO TOC
At-Bit Image Gamma and Inclination Allow Quick
Interpretation for Steering Decisions
GENERAL 1 of 2 DRILLING
CHALLENGE
Geosteer within a shale wellbore lateral
to maintain and optimize position in the
target zone.
SOLUTION
Use iPZIG* at-bit imaging gamma ray
and dynamic inclination system with a
customized drilling assembly to quickly
interpret formation bed boundaries and
PayZone Steering* real-time forward
modeling to accurately geosteer the
horizontal section.
RESULTS
Successfully geosteered the horizontal
section, staying in the target zone 100%
of the time.
CASE STUDY
At-Bit Image Gamma and Inclination Allow Quick
Interpretation for Steering Decisions
PathFinder technologies provide advanced measuring and imaging capabilities
for accurate well positioning in North America shale play
Drilling
Abrasive formation in North America shale
An operator was drilling a lateral section in a very abrasive formation in a North America
shale play. The abrasiveness caused excessive wear on the drilling equipment and required
a specialized design. To geosteer within the lateral and stay in the target zone, the operator
selected the MWD survey and total natural gamma ray (HDS-1L* fixed-collar directional service),
coupled with the iPZIG system, based on its unique at-bit sensors that provide real-time bed
boundary measurements.
The iPZIG system positions the image natural gamma ray and dynamic inclination measurements
close to the bit to reduce the reaction time for making critical geosteering decisions and
maintaining the wellbore in the targeted zone. Measurements of the bed boundary were
characterized within the target interval, allowing for new calculation of apparent and true bed
dip and direction. The iPZIG systems close proximity to the bit enabled quick geosteering
decisions to adjust the well trajectory and reduce risks while navigating through critical hole
sections and maintaining the wellbore in the target zone.
Steering interpretation based on iPZIG measurements correlated to PayZone Steering geologic model based
on offset data.
24 GO TO TOC
GENERAL 2 of 2 DRILLING
*Mark of Schlumberger.
Copyright 2012 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 12-PF-0022
Real-time static and dynamic normalization iPZIG image log with
dip calculations.
Directional MP, 54.8 ft
Gamma MP, 46.7 ft
Near-bit inclination MP, 3.3 ft
Near-bit gamma MP, 2.7 ft
Float sub
Steerable motor
Bit
1.8 ft
29.8 ft
3.6 ft
1.0 ft
iPZIG UXM
(upper sub)
5.9 ft
iPZIG LXM
(lower sub)
29.9 ft HDS-1L service
MLWD sensor offsets from bit to
measurement point (MP).
Advanced measuring, imaging, and modeling
When the borehole intersects a geologic feature, it appears as a sinusoid on
the borehole natural gamma ray image. By fitting the sinusoid to the image data,
apparent and true dip angle and dip direction can be quantitatively determined.
Post processing of the image natural gamma ray using PayZone Steering forward
modeling generates an earth model based on offset data. The iPZIG dynamic
inclination and image gamma ray 816 sector data provides the drilling and
geological teams with accurate real-time at-bit information. This allows for quick
directional and geological interpretation of the wellbore to maintain the correct
position within the defined target interval.
Accurate geosteering
The iPZIG atbit measurements allowed for greater directional control and
confidence in timecritical decision making relative to the wellbore trajectory to
maximize inzone exposure. Geological features observed from the iPZIG 8-sector
real-time images aided in the geosteering interpretations. This in-depth information
gained from the combined technologies helped the operator correctly determine the
position and accurately direct the drilling, staying within the target interval.
CASE STUDY: PathFinder technologies provide advanced measuring and imaging capabilities for accurate well
positioning in North America shale play
www.slb.com/iPZIG
25 GO TO TOC
High Build Rate RSS Service Saves Cimarex
Energy 10 Days in Woodford Shale
WOODFORD
High Build Rate RSS Service Saves Cimarex
Energy 10 Days in Woodford Shale
WOODFORD 1 of 2 DRILLING
CHALLENGE
Drill high build rate horizontal well in
shale play and increase wellbore quality.
SOLUTION
Use PowerDrive Archer* high build rate
RSS to drill curve and PowerDrive X5* RSS
to drill lateral section.
RESULTS
Increased ROP in curve by 80% compared
to offset wells drilled with motors; reduced
tortuosity in curve by 20%; drilled 4,353-ft
lateral section to TD in a single run.
Reduce tortuosity while drilling shale play
Cimarex Energy Co. sought to drill a well in the Woodford shale play in the state of Oklahoma,
USA, and wanted to reduce the wellbore tortuosity experienced in the previous four wells drilled
in the field using positive displacement motor assemblies. The PowerDrive Archer RSS was
chosen to drill the Kappus 1-22H well for its fully rotating design and ability to drill aggressive
curves without sliding.
Increase ROP and drill curve without sliding
The PowerDrive Archer RSS drilled the 8-in curve section with an 8/100 ft dogleg severity,
showing an 80% increase in ROP versus the previous wells drilled using motors. The average
ROP in the Kappus 1-22H curve section was 12.43 ft/h versus 6.65 ft/h for the four closest wells
motor curve sections.
Use of the PowerDrive Archer RSS reduced wellbore tortuosity 20% compared with the curve
section of the closest offset well drilled with a motor. The high quality of the curve section
enabled the PowerDrive X5 RSS to drill the 4,353-ft lateral section to TD in one run.
12.00
8.00
A
v
e
r
a
g
e

R
O
P
,

f
t
/
h
4.00
0.00
Well A,
motor
Well B,
motor
Kappus 1-22H,
PowerDrive Archer RSS
Well C,
motor
Well D,
motor
CASE STUDY
Drilling
The average ROP with the PowerDrive Archer RSS was 80% greater than the average ROP with motors in four
previous wells.
High Build Rate RSS Service Saves
Cimarex Energy 10 Days in Woodford Shale
PowerDrive Archer system increased ROP by 80% against offset wells
26 GO TO TOC
www.slb.com/Archer
CASE STUDY: PowerDrive Archer RSS increased ROP by 80% against offset wells
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
Time, days
5,000
0
10,000
15,000
20,000
0 20 40 60
AFE plan
Actual
The Kappus 1-22H well was drilled in 10 days less than the AFE plan.
12,000
14,000
16,000
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
18,000
60 160
PowerDrive Archer tortuosity
260
12,000
14,000
16,000
D
e
p
t
h
,

f
t
18,000
60 160
Motor tortuosity
260
Plan
Actual
Plan
Actual
Use of the PowerDrive Archer RSS reduced wellbore tortuosity 20% compared with the
closest curve section drilled with a motor.
Saved 10 days with improved
drilling performance
The use of PowerDrive Archer and
PowerDrive X5 fully rotating RSS to drill the
curve and lateral sections of the well saved
Cimarex Energy a total of 10 days. These
significant time savings resulted from both an
80% increase in average ROP while drilling the
curve section and a 20% reduction in wellbore
tortuosity in the curve, which eased drilling
operations in the lateral section.
Contact your local Schlumberger
representative to learn more.
27 GO TO TOC
28
OPTM-IZER Closed Loop Approach Delivers in
Zero Discharge Operation
BAKKEN
OPTM-IZER Closed Loop Approach Delivers in
Zero Discharge Operation
BAKKEN 1 of 2 DRILLING
Performance Report
Bakken Shale: OPTM-IZER closed loop approach delivers in
zero discharge operation
The mobile OPTM-IZER* package effectively demonstrated
to our client the effectiveness of a well-designed and
operated closed-loop drilling system.
Mike Kirby, M-I SWACO Senior Technical Service Engineer
The Situation
Owing to rising disposal costs and tightening environmental
restrictions, a Bakken Shale operator requested a proactive solution
that would move it closer to a total closed-loop drilling operation.
The operators past experience with closed-loop systems was costly
and inefficient with no transparent value. Whats more, previous
conventional attempts were ineffective in handling the considerable
volume and size of the cuttings generated during high ROP surface
drilling intrinsic of North Dakotas Bakken Shale. Furthermore, the
intermediate and production oil-base mud (OBM) and brine
sections, respectively, also raised concerns of high ROP combined
with the need to either reduce or increase mud density very quickly
to manage the ECD and avoid losses or influxes.
Consequently, any closed-loop package design would be required to
maintain density and other fluid properties in the water-base mud
surface sections, the oil-base mud intermediate sections and the
brine-base production interval without having to dilute and dispose
of fluids.
The Solution
M-I SWACO immediately began to design a client-specific package
that would meet the following requirements:
1. Mobility and timely installation
2. Winterization / harsh environment functionality
3. High-capacity dewatering and centrifugation
4. Spill prevention via an automation/control package
5. Barite recovery (preferentially removing low-gravity solids
(LGS) in weighted systems)
6. Reduced liquid-on-cuttings (LOC) being discharged into
the cuttings pit. This would cut closure costs if no free
liquid is present.
Upon completion, the M-I SWACO customized OPTM-IZER closed-
loop package was mobilized to two of the clients drilling locations.
The Problem
Closed-loop drilling packages historically
have been inefficient and too costly to
move, while still doing little to reduce the
disposal requirements of large waste
streams. Traditionally, the large surface
hole sizes in tandem with high sustained
ROPs have impacted the capacity of
earlier closed-loop packages to maintain
fluid properties. Further, despite the
inefficiencies, costs have been high
compared to conventional treatment and
disposal options.
The Situation
For its latest Bakken Shale campaign, the
operator was unsure if a closed-loop
package would adequately maintain fluid
properties in the water-base mud surface
hole, the oil-base intermediate interval as
well as for the brine used in the
production hole. This should be
accomplished without incurring high
dilution and disposal costs.
The Solution
The OPTM-IZER mobile closed-loop
system was specifically designed and used
on the operators two drilling sites in
North Dakotas Bakken Shale.
GO TO TOC
P.O. Box 42842
Houston, Texas 77242-2842
www.miswaco.slb.com
E-mail: questions@miswaco.slb.com
This information is supplied solely for informational purposes and M-I SWACO makes no guarantees or warranties,
either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy and use of this data. All product warranties and guarantees
shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale. Nothing in this document is legal advice or is a substitute for
competent legal advice.
2010 M-I L.L.C. All rights reserved.
*Mark of M-I L.L.C.
DPR.1502a.1009.R1 (E)
The Results
The Bakken Shale campaign verified the
capacity of the OPTM-IZER ability to provide
high-capacity dewatering and solids removal
by means of dual fully variable-speed
centrifuges, while also allowing for barite
recovery and/or conventional barite stripping
in the weighted sections. The performance of
the system exceeded both internal and
external expectations.
Zero dilution required on surface
Automation package kept pace, regardless
of flow rates to the centrifuge packages
All fluid was recovered and recycled for
future surface holes.
The OPTM-IZER package in conjunction
with the Fluids Management Plan allowed
for the processing and treatment of tank-
bottom waste from the rig pit cleaning
operations during the casing and
cementing operations.
The Results
Well #
Bit Size
(in/mm)
Surface TD
(ft/m)
Mud Wt.
(PPG / SG)
Circulation Rate
(GPM / LPM)
Confidential 13.5 / 343 1835 / 559 8.7 / 1.04 750 / 2839
Confidential 13.5 / 343 1835 / 559 8.6 / 1.03 750 / 2839
Confidential 13.5 / 343 1835 / 559 8.5 / 1.02 750 / 2839
*All fluid from surface and tank cleaning slop was processed and stored in upright
storage tanks for use on the next well.
*Tank cleaning and tank bottom processing were completed while running casing and the
cement job was completed without impacting the drilling schedule.
* No issues were encountered during the casing run; no mud rings or drilling issues were
reported while dewatering operations were used.
The initial installation was quick and easy, required only one truck and
no crane picks, and initial operations commenced with only minor
adjustments. The specially designed system effectively handled the
cuttings volume regardless of the flow rates to the centrifuge packages.
No dilution was required on the surface and all fluid was recovered and
recycled for future surface holes. In keeping with the M-I SWACO
commitment to continuous improvement, the performance on each
surface hole improved over the preceding well.
Summary
During the operation, the M-I SWACO design team quickly modified
the centrifuge discharge chutes to allow for higher than anticipated
solids volume. Consequently, all initial OPTM-IZER designs in the
future will incorporate the larger discharge chutes. The Bakken Shale
experience validated the OPTM-IZER closed-loop package, in
conjunction with additional recovery equipment if required, as efficient
and cost-effective solution for zero-discharge drilling.
Questions? Well be glad to answer them.
If youd like to know more about the OPTM-IZER mobile closed-loop
package and how its performing for our other customers, please call
the M-I SWACO office nearest you.
29 GO TO TOC
30
MEGADRILL System Saves 1.5 Drilling Days and
$15,000 Average Per Well in North Dakota
BAKKENBAKKEN
MEGADRILL System Saves 1.5 Drilling Days and
The M-I SWACO MEGADRIL* system helped set the
pace for drilling a 20,080-ft Bakken Shale horizontal in
27 days.
D. Millhouse, M-I SWACO Regional Technical Services
Wel l I nformati on
Location....................................................................................................................................... North Dakota
Interval drilled ........................................ 8-in. directional hole drilled 2,287 to 11,258 ft (6973,431 m)
Mud weight ....................................................................................................... 9.6 - 10.8 lb/gal (1.151.3 SG)
Pay zones ..................................................................................................................................... Bakken Shale
Casing size ................................................................................................................................................... 7 in.
Maximum bottomhole temperature ......................................................................................... 230F (110C)
Maximum angle ............................................................................................................................. >90 degrees
The Si tuati on
These wells needed the maximum hole stability of an invert-emulsion fluid for drilling an 8-in.
interval through the water-sensitive Charles and Kibby Lime formations. Additionally, losses had to
be minimized while drilling the Mission Canyon formation, chiefly through precise control of
Equivalent Circulating Densities (ECDs) prior to setting 7-in. casing. The lateral section would then
be drilled with brine through the Bakken Shale.
The Sol uti on
The MEGADRIL system has proven to be the fluid of choice on the continued Bakken-shale
development for a major operator in the Williston Basin. The MEGADRIL system, using a one-drum
emulsifier package, MEGAMUL, continues to provide a flat rheology along with reduced gel strengths
and low plastic viscosities and yield point. The system delivers excellent Rates of Penetration (ROP),
allowing maximum hole cleaning and reduced ECD. The system was run with an Oil-to-Water Ratio
(OWR) of 75:25 instead of the traditional 80:20, reducing the use of diesel base oil while maintaining
an excellent rheological profile.
The R esul ts
The initial ROP averaged between 250 300 ft/hr (76 91 m/hr), with a 14-day average of 640 ft/day
(195 m/day) while drilling the intermediate hole section.
Minimal amounts of lost mud through the Oil-Base Mud (OBM) interval, including the Mission
Canyon formation, have helped reduce overall drilling fluid costs. The contributing attributes of a
flat, stable rheology allows effective ECD management and pressure control.
The directional curve was built to 90 degrees for the lateral work in the Bakken formation; 7-in.
casing was run and cemented through the curve with full returns throughout the job.

Performance Report
MEGADRIL System Saves 1.5 Drilling Days and
GO TO TOC
The Detai l s
The 2008 MEGADRIL System Results:
Drilling days on every rig have been reduced from an average of 9.1 days in the OBM interval to
7.6 days.
Overall, yearly OBM interval costs have decreased from $6.43 to $5.82/ft, based on a 53-well
comparison with the MEGADRIL system being used on the majority of wells in 2008.
The 75:25 OWR decreased average per-well use of diesel by 240 bbl (38 m
3
) for tangible cost
savings per well of approximately $15,000 compared to typical invert formulation with an 80:20
OWR.
Average total well days have also fallen from 20.23 days to 14.91, an improvement of 5.3 days.

Drilling Days Chart
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31 GO TO TOC
32 BAKKEN 3 of 3 DRILLING

This information is supplied solely for informational purposes and M-I SWACO makes no guarantees or
warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy and use of this data. All product
warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale. Nothing in this document is
legal advice or is a substitute for competent legal advice.
2009 M-I L.L.C. All rights reserved.
*Mark of M-I L.L.C.
FPR.1314b.0903.R1 (E)
P.O. Box 42842
Houston, Texas 77242-2842
Tel: 2815611300
Fax: 2815611441
www.miswaco.com
E-mail: questions@miswaco.com

Questi ons? We l l be gl ad to answer them.
If youd like to know more about the MEGADRIL system and how its performing for our other
customers, please call the M-I SWACO office nearest you.

Cost-Intermediate OBM Section
0
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GO TO TOC
MicroScope Resistivity and Imaging Enable Suc-
cessful Completion in Complex Shale Formation
NIOBRARA
MicroScope Resistivity and Imaging Enable Suc-
cessful Completion in Complex Shale Formation
NIOBRARA 1 of 2 DRILLING
Intersect maximum number of natural fractures
An independent operator in the western US planned to drill a horizontal lateral to produce oil
from a complex reservoir in the Niobrara shale formation. Prior to drilling the lateral, a complete
openhole log, including images from an FMI* fullbore formation microimager, was acquired
in a vertical well to identify the best horizontal target interval, confirm the presence of natural
fractures, and determine the maximum horizontal stress orientation.
This information was used to select the direction the horizontal lateral should be drilled to
maximize the number of natural fractures it would intersect and facilitate the development
of a complex fracture network during stimulation. To enhance reservoir understanding and
optimize oil recovery, the operator needed to correlate and confirm the position of the borehole
relative to the target formation while drilling.
Optimize wellbore placement in highly complex reservoir
MicroScope service provided high-resolution electrical borehole images, azimuthal gamma ray
measurements, and multidepth formation resistivity measurements in real time. This information,
together with mud gas data, was used to constantly update the structural model and determine
wellbore trajectory relative to the target interval in the highly faulted reservoir.
When the lateral had been drilled to about three-quarters of its planned length, it crossed
a major fault plane with a significant fault throw, which placed the lateral below the target
formation within just a few hundred feet of TD. To improve reservoir exposure, the operator
decided to drill a sidetrack from the existing lateral.
CASE STUDY
Drilling
CHALLENGE
Maximize wellbore intersection with
natural fractures to optimize oil recovery
from highly faulted zone in Niobrara shale.
SOLUTION
Use real-time images from MicroScope*
resistivity- and imaging-while-drilling
service to confirm borehole position
relative to target formation and identify
and characterize natural fractures.
RESULTS
Successfully placed horizontal lateral
within predefined target interval and
completed well for production.
Real-time image acquisition and
interpretation enabled the operator
to understand the complexity of the
reservoir and to optimize lateral
well placement.
MicroScope Resistivity and Imaging Enable
Successful Completion in Complex Shale Formation
Real-time high-resolution images accurately identify formation dip, faults,
and natural fractures for placement of lateral within Niobrara target zone
This cross section of the structure was generated with fracture and fault rosettes by geologic interval. Lithology
facies were derived using neural net processing of density, neutron, gamma ray, and photoelectric effect.
7,100 to 9,450 ft Net 2,350 ft
Structural cross section
with 10:1 vertical exaggeration
Heel Toe
33 GO TO TOC
34 NIOBRARA 2 of 2 DRILLING
www.slb.com/MicroScope
CASE STUDY: Real-time high-resolution images enable placement of lateral within Niobrara target zone
Improve structural understanding
The improved structural understanding that interpretation of the real-time MicroScope images
provided made steering the sidetrack less demanding than steering the original lateral. While
drilling the sidetrack, real-time MicroScope images revealed that there was less structural
change than there had been in the first half of the lateral. Constant updating of the structural
model based on real-time data enabled successful placement within the predefined target
interval and well completion.
Contact your local Schlumberger representative to learn more.
A MicroScope horizontal borehole image acquired
while drilling is shown here with correlated dip
data, which is identified by sinusoids and tadpoles
for bedding planes (green), conductive fractures
(dark blue), resistive fractures (light blue), and
faults (magenta). To their right are a well projection,
fracture and fault strike rosettes, and a bed
boundary azimuth rosette with vector plot analysis.
GO TO TOC
35
Spear Bit Sets ROP Record, Saves USD 46,780
Drilling in Eagle Ford Shale
EAGLE FORD
Spear Bit Sets ROP Record, Saves USD 46,780
Drilling in Eagle Ford Shale
EAGLE FORD 1 of 2 DRILLING
CHALLENGE
Drill the 8-in curve and lateral sections for
an Eagle Ford shale well in one run while
maintaining good directional control in the
curve and high ROP in the lateral.
SOLUTION
Run the innovative Spear* steel-body PDC
drill bit on a PathFinder positive displace-
ment motor.
RESULT
The operator saved USD 46,780 in rig time
by drilling the curve and lateral in one run
at a record ROP.
Balanced PDC bit for directional control
and high ROP required
Operators working the Eagle Ford shale play in
south Texas have experienced costly NPT as
a result of multiple runs needed to drill curve
and lateral hole sections. The operator wanted
a PDC drill bit that would increase ROP and
total footage capabilities in the 8-in curve
and lateral hole sections while providing good
directional control at maximum penetration
rates. With this request, a familiar technologi-
cal dilemma emerged: PDC bits designed for
curve sections deliver strong build capabilities
and predictable directional control, but often at
the expense of acceptable ROP. Alternatively,
bits intended for laterals produce high ROP
but with lesser directional control capabilities.
This technology gap required the choice
between steerability performance and high
ROP.
Smith Bits Solution: Spear PDC
To solve this dilemma, engineers tailored
specific Spear PDC steel-body technologies
to solve the application issue. Using IDEAS*
integrated drillbit design platform, engineers
determined PDC bit body profile plays a major
role in efficient cuttings removal for fast ROP.
Based on knowledge gained from the in-depth
analysis and field experience, Smith Bits
developed a specific Spear PDC bit optimized
for the Eagle Ford shale drilling application
with the following technology platform:

Optimized hydraulics to clean debris from
bit face and expose cutter edges to forma-
tion maximizing ROP

Bullet-shaped body allows cuttings to
sweep around bit and into junk slots

Reduced body diameter increases distance
between the borehole wall allowing the bit
to pass over or through a cuttings bed with-
out blade packing or nozzle plugging

Bits steel composition enables increased
blade height and reduced width increasing
junk slot area
CASE STUDY
Drill Bits
Spear Bit Sets ROP Record, Saves USD 46,780 Drilling
in Eagle Ford Shale
Optimized bit drills curve and lateral in one run
Record setting Spear 8-in SDi513 steel-body PDC
technology specifically designed for Eagle Ford Shale
curve and lateral drilling applications
GO TO TOC
36 EAGLE FORD 2 of 2 DRILLING
www.slb.com/spear
CASE STUDY: Spear steel-body PDC delivers steerability and record ROP, Eagle Ford Shale
7,861
7,815
11,361
13,880
13,750
10,300
14,164
8,337
8,466
9,704
14,797
14,676 14,690
9,704
7,096
7,815
11,361
10,300
6,825
7,861
7,150
7,292
8,466
7,859
8,355
8,337
48
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52
29
75
32
12
23
65
55
41
54
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6,700
7,200
7,700
8,200
8,700
9,200
9,700
10,200
10,700
11,200
11,700
12,200
12,700
13,200
13,700
14,200
14,700
15,200
15,700
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120
6,872 665 46 3,500 2,519 3,475 3,450 1,241 129 6,224 6,817 1,349 5,093
Value delivered
Spear 8-in SDi513 on a PathFinder steerable motor drilled 6,904 ft of
curve and lateral hole section in one run at a record ROP of 64.83 ft/h.
This represents the fastest curve and lateral run for the operator in the
Eagle Ford shale play. Based on a comparison with the best offset run,
the new Spear bit saved the operator USD 46,780 in rig time. Compared
to the next, four best offsets, the run saved significantly more rig time
and overall drilling costs associated with multiple trips/bits required to
complete curve and lateral hole sections.
Spear case study well with total footage and ROP offset comparisons, Eagle Ford Shale - Webb County, Texas
D
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Depth Out Depth In ROP
GO TO TOC
37
PowerDrive Archer RSS Increases ROP by 85% in
Eagle Ford Shale Play
EAGLE FORD
PowerDrive Archer RSS Increases ROP by 85% in
Eagle Ford Shale Play
CHALLENGE
Improve drilling performance in the
Eagle Ford shale play.
SOLUTION
Use PowerDrive Archer* high build rate
RSS to maximize ROP and reduce cost
per foot.
RESULTS
Increased curve ROP by 85%; reduced
cost per foot by 27% versus conventional
motor BHAs.
With the fully rotating PowerDrive
Archer RSS, average curve ROP was
increased by 85% and tortuosity in
the curve and lateral was reduced,
resulting in casing being run to
bottom without any rotation.
Horizontal drilling in the Eagle Ford shale
The Eagle Ford formationsituated in South Texas, USAhas become one of the hottest shale
plays in recent times. Many operators are drilling hundreds of horizontal wells to target this
reservoir located below the Austin chalk.
These wells are typically drilled with conventional motors, and a high percentage of slide drilling
is required to build the curves up to 10/100 ft. This requirement results in drilling and completion
inefficiencies as ROP is reduced, and there are subsequent casing running problems because of
high wellbore tortuosity in the curve and lateral sections.
High build rate RSS outperformed conventional motors in same play
PowerDrive Archer RSS has been introduced to drill these high build rate wells, which were
previously only possible with motors. The fully rotating RSS immediately delivered two key
improvements: In a multiwell project, average curve ROP was 85% faster in the 10 wells drilled
with PowerDrive Archer RSS than those drilled with conventional motors. And tortuosity in the
curve and lateral was reduced; the clients found that, for the first time, casing could be run to
bottom without rotation.
To date, PowerDrive Archer RSS has drilled 17 wells and more than 30,000 ft in the Eagle Ford,
with many more wells planned.
CASE STUDY
PowerDrive Archer RSS Increases
ROP by 85% in Eagle Ford Shale Play
High build rate RSS improves drilling performance, eases casing running
www.slb.com/Archer
PowerDrive Archer RSS
PowerDrive Archer RSS Curve Performance
Average ROP ft/h Cost per foot
Motor
Average ROP with PowerDrive Archer RSS was 85% faster than conventional motors, and the cost per foot
was significantly lower.
GO TO TOC
38
Optimizing Stimulation and Reservoir Characteriza-
tion Using LWD Measurements in the Eagle Ford
Shale
CHALLENGE
Well placement, reservoir
characterization, completion design,
and stimulation optimization of a hori-
zontal well in the Eagle Ford Shale.
SOLUTION
EcoScope* and sonicVISION*
measurements to steer the lateral
in real time, perform structural
interpretation using azimuthal
borehole images, and derive reservoir
and geomechanical properties
to optimize completion design and
enhance stimulation treatment.
RESULTS
Real-time acquisition, interpretation,
and integration of well measurements,
which helped the operator to prevent
unexpected drilling events, evaluate
the reservoir, and optimize the
stimulation operation.
Optimizing Stimulation and Reservoir Characterization
Using LWD Measurements in the Eagle Ford Shale
The benefits of LWD data
An independent operator drilling a new well in Webb County, Texas, planned to extend the
horizontal section to an area beyond 3D seismic coverage and to log the entire lateral while
drilling. LWD measurements were transmitted in real time to help ensure optimal placement of
the lateral within the geologic structure and to evaluate the reservoir. Schlumberger provided the
resources to acquire, interpret, and integrate logging-while-drilling measurements to influence
the stimulation program in real time.
Interpreting LWD measurements for Eagle Ford characterization
To perform shale gas reservoir characterization along the lateral, the operator used combinations
of the EcoScope multifunction logging-while-drilling service (including density images and
spectroscopy), the TeleScope* high-speed telemetry-while-drilling service, and the sonicVISION
sonic-while-drilling tool.
An independent operating company gains in-depth understanding
of the Eagle Ford Shale to optimize its stimulation program
EcoScope and sonicVISION data revealed dip changes in Eagle Ford layers. The borehole image
enabled the identification of a fault near the toe of the lateral.
CASE STUDY
Shale Gas
True Horizontal Length (ft)
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GO TO TOC
39 EAGLE FORD 2 of 2 DRILLING

With the InterACT* connectivity, collaboration, and information system,
real-time data was transmitted from the rig site to Schlumberger OSC*
interactive drilling operations and Data & Consulting Services (DCS)
scientists and engineers. This remote transmission allowed the operating
company personnel to interpret LWD data and monitor drilling mechanics
data in real time.
The final interpretation enhanced mineralogy description, structural
mapping, and understanding of reservoir and geomechanical properties
for integrated shale gas characterization.
Integrated shale gas characterization for stimulation practice
Based on this robust evaluation suite, Schlumberger was able to
recommend an optimized completion design by placing the perforation
clusters guided by reservoir and geomechanical properties. Furthermore,
the stress profile and mineralogy from the evaluation were used to
optimize the fracturing strategy.
Close coordination of this integrated workflow of data gathering,
processing, and analysis helped in providing final recommendations
in time for implementation and execution.
Independent operating company fine-tunes perforation placement and identifies fault intersected by well
LWD images and stress data helped an independent operating company optimize perforation placement and fracture stages.
Original Fracturing Stages and Perforation Clusters Designed Geometrically
Redistribution of Stages and Perforation Clusters Based on Stress and Petrophysical Data
GO TO TOC
40
SEECO Drills First High Build Rate RSS Wells in
Fayetteville Unconventional Gas Reservoir
FAYETTEVILLE 1 of 2 DRILLING
CHALLENGE
Overcome poor hole cleaning and stuck
pipe incidents that occur while sliding with
positive displacement motor; increase build
rates in upper Fayetteville.
SOLUTION
Use PowerDrive Archer* high build
rate, fully rotating RSS to kick off from
vertical, build curve, and land the well
in the reservoir while drilling a smooth,
clean wellbore.
RESULTS
Kicked off from vertical; delivered build
rates greater than 14/100 ft; successfully
landed in reservoir with late change to TVD
because of geological uncertainty; drilled
1,000 ft of lateral section.
Delivering high build rate well profiles with a RSS
Southwestern Energy Corporation (SEECO) drills and completes more than 600 horizontal wells
per year in the Fayetteville shale gas play. While drilling for unconventional gas, SEECO has made
significant production rate increases by extending horizontal lateral lengths. To achieve these
results, well profiles often have build rate curves of 10/100 ft or more. Previously, these wells
were beyond the reach of conventional RSS tools and were drilled with positive displacement
motors. This resulted in some challenging drilling problems, such as low ROP, poor hole
cleaning, and stuck pipe incidents.
PowerDrive Archer high build rate RSS offered a solution delivering this aggressive well profile.
And in delivering curves previously only possible with motors, the tool also provided the benefits
of a fully rotating RSS with high ROP and wellbore quality.
The first well profile involved a kick off from vertical into a continuous 10/100 ft build section to
land horizontally in the Fayetteville shale. The vertical kickoff was achieved without issue and
the curve drilled successfullywith PowerDrive Archer RSS delivering greater than 10/100 ft in
the troublesome upper Fayetteville, where motors had previously struggled. The well was landed
within 0.5 ft of the target and casing was run smoothly.
CASE STUDY
Drilling
SEECO Drills First High Build Rate RSS Wells
in Fayetteville Unconventional Gas Reservoir
PowerDrive Archer service delivers highest build rates
from an RSS in 8
3
4-in hole
Plane and section view of Well 2.
GO TO TOC
41 FAYETTEVILLE 2 of 2 DRILLING
www.slb.com/Archer
CASE STUDY: PowerDrive Archer service delivers highest build rates from an RSS in 8
3
4-in hole
More than 14/100 ft build rate and successful lateral section
SEECO chose to use PowerDrive Archer RSS once again for the second well as it required a
vertical kickoff, build rates greater than 14/100 ft, and a lateral section through the reservoir.
In the second well, a maximum build rate of greater than 14/100 ft was achieved and a
1,000-ft near-horizontal lateral section completed.
This tool increased reservoir exposure to enable SEECO to achieve its goals of increasing
production rates by maximizing horizontal lateral sections. This was achieved by hitting the
reservoir sooner and drilling farther in the horizontal section.
29
27
Continuous inclination Stationary inclination
2,250 2,260 2,270 2,280
Continuous versus stationary inclination from offset well drilled with positive
displacement motors.
Continuous versus stationary inclination from PowerDrive Archer RSS run.
50
48
46
2,310 2,320 2,330 2,340
Continuous inclination Stationary inclination
GO TO TOC
42 GO TO TOC
ROP Increased 67.7% in High Temperature Haynes-
ville Shale
HAYNESVILLE 1 of 2 DRILLING
CHALLENGE
Increase ROP in high-temperature
Haynesville shale gas well lateral with
consistent circulating temperatures up
to 300 degF.
SOLUTION
Use PowerDrive X5* rotary steerable
system in program correctly engineered
for productive drilling.
RESULTS
Increased ROP 67.7%; Drilled 1,175 ft in first
PowerDrive X5 run; Provided high-quality
wellbore for running completions.
Using the PowerDrive X5 RSS
increased ROP in the Haynesville
shale more than 67%.
Improve drilling efficiency
An operator was drilling a lateral for a gas well in the Haynesville shale formation in northwest
Louisiana, USA. The directional plan called for holding inclination at 89.80 while turning the
azimuth to 2.15 at 1/100 ft, then holding that inclination and azimuth to TD. Consistent circulating
temperatures were expected to be up to 300 degF, and possibly higher.
The operator attempted to achieve the directional objective with a steerable motor assembly
from a different service provider, but the lateral section proved to be a struggle. After several
days of drilling, it became apparent that making the 1/100-ft turn with the motor, while possible,
could be done only at a very low ROP4 ft/h. That was unacceptable to the operator, so
Schlumberger was called to finish drilling the lateral.
Position lateral in best place
After a 4.75-in PowerDrive X5 RSS was tripped into the hole and drilling resumed, it was found
that the target zone was not flat and extra steering was required to position the lateral in the best
place. Implementing a program correctly engineered for productive drilling, the fully rotating
PowerDrive RSS delivered the doglegs needed to stay in the zonebetter than required
and finished the lateral, all at a consistent ROP of 16 to 17 ft/h.
CASE STUDY
Drilling
ROP Increased 67.7% in
High Temperature Haynesville Shale
Productive drilling with PowerDrive X5 RSS
positions lateral gas well in best place in less time
The average ROP of 16.93 ft/h achieved with the PowerDrive X5 RSS was 67.7% higher
than the steerable motors average ROP of 10.10 ft/h.
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43 GO TO TOC HAYNESVILLE 2 of 2 DRILLING
www.slb.com/PowerDrive
CASE STUDY: Productive drilling with RSS positions lateral gas well in best place in less time
Reach TD in less time
The first run with PowerDrive X5 RSS was 1,175 ft at a peak of 17 ft/h, showing significant
improvement in drilling efficiency and increased ROP. The operator reached TD in much less
time than would have been required if drilling the lateral entirely with the steerable motor.
Average ROP achieved with the PowerDrive X5 system was 16.93 ft/han increase of more than
67% over the steerable motors average ROP of 10.10 ft/h. In addition, the RSS provided a high-
quality wellbore to facilitate running completions.
The PowerDrive system drilled 1,175 ft of lateral on its first run, at a consistent ROP of 16 to 17 ft/h.
500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
XX,500
XX,750
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44 GO TO TOC
Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 365,000 in Haynesville
Shale Well
HAYNESVILLE 1 of 2 DRILLING
CHALLENGE
Drill 6-in curve and lateral sections of
a Haynesville Shale well in one run, with
good directional control and high ROP.
SOLUTION
Run innovative, application-specific Spear*
shale-optimized steel-body PDC drill bit.
RESULT
Saved 124 h of rig time and USD 365,000
by drilling both intervals in one run, with
record horizontal ROP.
Shale bit with good directional control
and ROP required
An operator active in the Haynesville Shale
(Texas and Louisiana) wanted to reduce the
number of days and trips required to drill the
6-in production interval, by drilling both the
curve and lateral sections in one run. Previous
bit designs were aimed at either the curve
or the lateral, necessitating a trip to change
out the bit and adjust the bend angle. Bits
that target the curve section have strong
build tendencies and predictable toolface
control, but often deliver low ROP in the lateral.
Conversely, bits for the lateral section are built
for aggressive, fast ROP, but increase the risk
of improper build rates in the curve section.
The use of two bits and extra trips meant
higher field development costs.
Engineers needed to design a PDC bit that
could be efficiently run on a positive displace-
ment motor (PDM) with a lower bend angle
while achieving the desired build rates (8 to
14/100 ft), ensure good directional control,
and deliver high ROP in the lateral. Long lateral
drilling in shale plays presents additional
challenges such as cuttings accumulation at
the bottom of the well, which impedes access
to fresh rock and results in low ROP, packed
blades, nozzle plugging, and stick/slip.
Application-specific bit designed
A Smith Bits team consisting of field engineers,
design engineers, and hydraulics experts was
assembled to design a bit that would achieve
the primary goal of drilling the entire 6-in
production interval in one run. The team had
access to several proprietary modeling and
database tools, including:

IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform

i-DRILL* engineered drilling system design
for BHA modeling

YieldPoint RT* drilling hydraulics and hole
cleaning simulation program

DRS* drilling record system, a collection of
nearly 3 million bit runs.
CASE STUDY
Drill Bits
Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 365,000 in Haynesville
Shale Well
Record-setting Spear 6-in SDi611 steel-body PDC
drill bit, specifically designed for Haynesville horizontal
shale drilling.
The new 6-in SDi611 bit has been run
on steerable PDMs with the following
operating parameters:

PDM speeds from 0.52 to
1.02 rev/galUS

motor bend-angles from 1.5 to 2.6

various BHA configurations

flow rates ranging from 200 to
260 galUS/min

weight on bit (WOB) ranging from
2,000 to 20,000 lbf

mud weights from 14.5 to
17.0 lbm/galUS
45 GO TO TOC HAYNESVILLE 2 of 2 DRILLING
www.slb.com/spear
CASE STUDY: Spear bit delivers steerability and record ROP, Haynesville Shale
3,148
294
2,382
6,063
1,012
479
4,552
23
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31
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11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
Case Study Well Offset Well 1 Offset Well 2
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Footage Drilled ROP
The operator provided valuable BHA data, mud properties, and offset
run information for focusing the design. Close cooperation between
the various groups resulted in new PDC bit technology, the Spear 6-in
SDi611 drill bit, which provides a good balance between superior direc-
tional control and fast ROP.
USD 365,000 saved on a single well
Spear 6-in SDi611 shale-optimized steel-body PDC bit, together with a
2 fixed bend steerable motor, drilled the 6,063 ft of curve and horizontal
intervals in one run, setting a new Haynesville horizontal ROP record of
49.7 ft/h. Although there are a few faster lateral runs, no other bit had
drilled the entire curve and lateral sections at that high rate. The bullet-
shaped steel body and various other design features effectively combat
buildup of cuttings in front of the bit and the resulting adverse effects.
Based on comparisons with two direct offset wells, the total drilling time
was reduced by 124 h. The improved performance saved the operator
USD 365,000 in rig-time and bit costs, and shortened time to production,
allowing more wells to be drilled in a given period.
Offset interval and ROP comparison.
Spear SDi611 PDC-1 PDC-2 PDC-3 Spear SDi513 PDC-4 Spear SDi513

ROP

Footage Drilled
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Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 175,000 and 2.7 d of Rig
Time in Marcellus Shale Well
MARCELLUS 1 of 2 DRILLING
CHALLENGE
Drill 7 7/8-in curve and lateral sections of a
Marcellus Shale well in one run, with good
directional control and high ROP. Reduce
NPT caused by motor and MWD failures.
SOLUTION
Run innovative, application-specific Spear*
shale-optimized steel-body PDC drill bit.
RESULT
Saved 2.7 d of rig time and USD 175,000 by
drilling both intervals in one run. Eliminated
downhole equipment failure by reducing
vibration.
Shale bit suitable for both curve and lateral sections required
EOG Resources wanted to reduce the number of days and trips required to drill the 7 7/8-in curve
and lateral sections of wells in the Marcellus Shale, Pennsylvania, by efficiently drilling both
sections in one run. Previous bit designs were aimed primarily at either the curve or the lateral,
necessitating a trip to change out the bit and adjust the motor bend angle at the end of the curve
section. Bits that target the curve section have strong build tendencies and predictable toolface
control, but often deliver low ROP in the lateral. Conversely, bits for the lateral section are built for
aggressive, fast ROP, but increase the risk of improper build rates in the curve section. The use
of two bits and extra trips meant higher costs. In addition, EOG wanted to reduce the NPT caused
by motor and MWD failures.
Engineers needed to design a PDC bit that could be run on a positive displacement motor (PDM)
with a lower bend angle, allowing rotation and a high ROP in the lateral. At the same time, the
bit had to be capable of achieving the desired build rates (8 to 16/100 ft) and ensuring good
directional control in the curve section. Long lateral drilling in shale plays presents additional
challenges such as cuttings accumulation at the bottom of the well, which impedes access to
fresh rock and results in low ROP, packed blades, nozzle plugging, and stick/slip.
Application-specific steel-body PDC bit designed
A Smith Bits team consisting of field engineers, design engineers, and hydraulics experts was
assembled to design and manufacture a bit that would achieve the primary goal of drilling the
entire 7 7/8-in production interval in one run.
The team had access to several proprietary
modeling and database tools, including:

IDEAS* integrated drillbit design platform

DBOS* drillbit optimization system for rock
strength analysis

YieldPoint RT* drilling hydraulics and hole
cleaning simulation program

DRS* drilling record system, a collection of
nearly 3 million bit runs.
EOG provided valuable BHA data, mud proper-
ties, and offset run information for focusing the
design. Close cooperation between the various
groups resulted in new PDC bit technology, the
Spear 7 7/8-in SDi513 drill bit, which provides
a good balance between high build rates,
superior directional control, and fast ROP,
significantly reducing operating costs.
CASE STUDY
Drill Bits
Spear Drill Bit Saves USD 175,000 and 2.7 d of Rig
Time in Marcellus Shale Well
Innovative Spear 7 7/8-in SDi513 steel-body PDC drill
bit, specifically designed for Marcellus horizontal
shale drilling
46 GO TO TOC
www.slb.com/spear
CASE STUDY: Spear bit delivers steerability and high ROP, Marcellus Shale, Pennsylvania
USD 175,000 saved on a single well
Spear 7 7/8-in SDi513 shale-optimized steel-body PDC drill bit, together
with a fixed bend steerable motor, drilled the 6,241 ft of curve and hori-
zontal intervals in one run, eliminating costly trips for PDM adjustments
and bit changes after landing the curve. Reduced vibration also solved
the problem of PDM and MWD failures. The bullet-shaped steel body
and various other design features effectively combat buildup of cuttings
in front of the bit and the resulting adverse effects.
Based on comparisons with the offset average, total drilling time was
reduced by 2.7 d. The improved performance saved EOG USD 175,000 in
rig-time and bit costs, and shortened time to production, allowing more
wells to be drilled in a given period.
Borehole trajectory
The new 7 7/8-in SDi513 bits have been run on steerable PDMs
with the following operating parameters:

PDM speeds from 0.28 to 0.66 rev/galUS

typical PDM configuration

6 in, 4:5 lobe, 7.5 stage PDM (0.66 rev/galUS)

6 in, 7:8 lobe, 4.8 stage PDM (0.66 rev/galUS)

motor bend angles from 1.5 to 2.6

typical BHA: bit, PDM, universal bottom hole orientation
(UBHO) sub, nonmagnetic drill collar, and nonmagnetic flex
joint

flow rates ranging from 350 to 500 galUS/min

weight on bit (WOB) ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 lbf

mud weights in the curve from 9.7 to 10.3 lbm/galUS

mud weights in the lateral from 10.3 to 11.3 lbm/galUS
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2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
-500 500 1,500 2,500 3,500 4,500 5,500 6,500
500
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-1,500
-2,000
-2,500
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47 GO TO TOC
Over USD 1 Million Saved on Marcellus Shale
Wells
CHALLENGE
Reduce cost and improve quality
of complex 3D wells targeting
Marcellus shale.
SOLUTION
Drill with PowerDrive Archer* high build
rate rotary steerable system (RSS) instead
of positive displacement motor (PDM).
RESULTS

Increased ROP 170%.

Reduced drilling time per well from
18 days to 8 days.

Saved over USD 1 million.
Reducing drilling time with the
PowerDrive Archer RSS saved
over USD 1 million.
Reduce drilling time and cost
The Marcellus shale play, one of the biggest unconventional shale plays in the US, contains
an estimated 363 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gasenough to supply US consumption for
at least 14 years. At first, the play was developed using conventional vertical wells, which had
low returns. Now, to extract the hydrocarbons at economically viable rates, horizontal wells
are drilled from multiwell pads and completed with multistage fracture stimulation of the lateral.
These wells are challenging to drill due to surface pad collision risks, complex 3D profiles with
planned curvature rates of 8/100 ft, geological uncertainty and formations that make directional
control difficult.
CASE STUDY
Drilling
In this well, PowerDrive Archer RSS was able to kick
off from vertical, drill a 3D curve with more than a 100
change in azimuth, and hold an unplanned tangent
section made necessary by a landing point change of
more than 70 ft. The RSS quickly built to 16/100 ft once
the geological marker was found, and then soft landed
the well from 85 to 90 at a 2 build rate.
Over USD 1 Million Saved
on Marcellus Shale Wells
High build rate rotary steerable system cuts drilling time per well 10 days
and delivers clean, high-quality wellbores for smooth casing running
48 GO TO TOC
49 GO TO TOC MARCELLUS 2 of 3 DRILLING
CASE STUDY: High build rate rotary steerable system cuts drilling time in Marcellus shale
Use of the PowerDrive Archer RSS enabled the operator to reduce overall drilling time from the 18 days required
with the PDM in Well 1 to just 8 days for Well 11the tenth well drilled with the RSS.
Traditionally, the wells vertical section was air-drilled and a 9
5
8-in
casing shoe was set. Then the 8
3
4-in hole section was kicked off,
built, and landed on the Marcellus shale using a PDM. This required
sliding the PDM for much of the interval, resulting in a low ROP,
poor hole cleaning, and wellbore tortuosity. Trips made to adjust
the motors bent housing when geological uncertainties were
encountered further increased drilling time and cost. An operator
planning a multiwell campaign in the Marcellus shale play wanted
to improve ROP and hole qualityand reduce drilling time.
Eliminate flat time and improve drilling efficiency
Breakthrough technology developed by Schlumbergerthe PowerDrive
Archer high build rate RSSenabled the operator to meet the drilling
challenges and achieve those objectives. The PowerDrive Archer RSS,
a true hybrid that combines push-the-bit and point-the-bit steering, can
drill vertical, curve, and lateral wellbore sections in one run, eliminating
flat time and improving drilling efficiency. In curve sections, this unique
RSS delivers continuous, reliable, and repeatable build rates; and in
vertical and lateral sections, automatic inclination hold can be engaged
to maximize ROP.
Establishing clear focal points and communication channels between
the operator and Schlumberger prior to starting the campaign resulted
in a smooth operation. The first well was drilled with a PDM, to serve
as a benchmark. All wells after that were drilled with the PowerDrive
Archer RSS. Typically, these wells were kicked off from vertical with
a long turn in azimuth of 90 or more to line up with the target while
simultaneously building inclination at planned build rates up to 8/100 ft.
Due to geological uncertainties approaching the landing point, higher
build rates of up to 17/100 ft were sometimes required to land the
wellsomething easily accomplished by the PowerDrive Archer RSS
without any need to trip out of the hole
Time, days
X,000
X,000
X,000
X,000
X,000
X,000
X,000
X,000
X,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Well 1 (PDM)
Well 2
Well 3
Well 4
Well 5
Well 6
Well 7
Well 8
Well 9
Well 10
Well 11
9
11
6
10
5
7
3 8 4 2
1 (PDM)
CASE STUDY: High build rate rotary steerable system cuts drilling time in Marcellus shale
Fast, efficient drilling with the PowerDrive Archer RSS saved more than USD 1 million.
The operator saved more than USD 1 million on the first 10 wells drilled with the PowerDrive
Archer RSS. The ability of the true-hybrid RSS to kick off from vertical, deliver 2D and 3D curves
with build rates of up to 17/100 ft, drill tangent sections, and land wells on target in a single run
enabled the operator to reduce overall drilling time from the 18 days required with the PDM in the
benchmark well to just 8 days on the tenth well drilled with the PowerDrive Archer RSS. Average
ROP increased 170%, compared to ROP with the PDM; and eliminating the sliding required with
a motor resulted in clean, high-quality wellbores that allowed smooth casing runs.
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20
15
10
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200,000
0
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
Days saved USD saved Cumulative days saved Cumulative USD saved
Well 1 (PDM)
0.00
0
0.00
0
Days saved
USD saved
Cumulative days saved
Cumulative USD saved
Well 2
0.22
13,016
0.22
13,016
Well 3
2.77
166,303
2.99
179,319
Well 4
1.17
70,442
4.16
249,761
Well 5
2.45
146,782
6.61
396,544
Well 6
1.41
84,518
8.02
481,062
Well 7
0.01
639
8.03
481,701
Well 8
2.25
135,211
10.28
616,913
Well 9
3.41
204,890
13.70
821,802
Well 10
0.46
27,558
14.16
849,360
Well 11
3.57
214,428
17.73
1,063,788
www.slb.com/Archer
50 GO TO TOC
51 GO TO TOC
Real-Time Measurements Optimize Marcellus
Shale Well Placement
CHALLENGE
Land operators first Marcellus Shale
production well in the best reservoir
portion of the Marcellus Shale and
place a 4,000-ft lateral section
in a narrow target interval.
SOLUTION
Combine real-time geosteering
using EcoScope* measurements
with azimuthal images and interpreta-
tion support from Schlumberger well
placement engineers.
RESULTS
Landed well 12 to 14 ft below the top
of the target interval; lateral sections
steered using EcoScope measure-
ments remained within the target.
Real-Time Measurements Optimize
Marcellus Shale Well Placement
Maximize contact with the reservoir target
An independent operator worked with Schlumberger to interpret wireline logs from vertical
wells to understand the heterogeneity of distinct layers within the Marcellus Shale. The operator
wanted to place its first Marcellus Shale well in a 57-ft [17-m] thick target interval it had mapped
using offset well logs and seismic data, noting that the Marcellus dips as much as 2.5
o
near the
potential well location.
The company decided to log while drilling to correlate real-time measurements with seismic
data to steer a long lateral section within the target interval. A Schlumberger well placement
engineer was engaged to interpret the real-time logging data and advise the operations team
from the operating company.
Steer within dipping beds
The well was landed in the middle of the defined target, 12 ft shallower than planned. To drill the
horizontal section, measurements and density images from the EcoScope multifunction logging-
while-drilling service were used to steer the well parallel to the target beds.
Marcellus shale operator repeatedly places
long lateral in richest target zone
Daily analysis of measurements acquired while drilling helped the operating company place a long
lateral with a clear understanding of drilling mechanics, borehole stability, and formation evaluation,
which contributed to successful well completions.
CASE STUDY
Shale Gas
52 GO TO TOC MARCELLUS 2 of 2 DRILLING
The density images were also used to map individual shale beds.
A Schlumberger well placement team worked with the operating
company to match the real-time measurements and derived dips from
density images with dynamic synthetic models to provide visualization
for steering. This cooperation helped improve well placement because
the dip of the Marcellus was found vary locally, averaging less than 1
o
.
The lateral was placed within a 30-ft [10-m] stratigraphic window that
is only 18 ft thick when converted to true vertical thickness.
sonicVISION* data acquired while drilling was of good quality
and showed no obvious indications of open fractures. This data
was used to derive rock mechanical properties along the lateral,
which revealed significant variations in the minimum horizontal stress.
Using Schlumberger LWD Shale Gas Completion Optimization Solutions,
perforations were designed in zones of lowest stress, low clay content,
and high free gas content along ten hydraulic fracturing stages.
This analysis helped the operating company design the stage intervals
and pinpoint perforation clusters to target intervals with the optimal
properties for hydraulic fracturing.
Optimize future wells
The well penetrated the desired target interval and proved to be a good
producer. The excursions of the lateral outside the target confirmed
that even subtle dips in the Marcellus Shale should be anticipated when
planning wells. By penetrating a substantial section within the target,
the operating company optimized the completion for maximum recovery
from the reservoir.
The superior production from the new well and wells drilled later using
the EcoScope service showed the value of advanced measurement
technology for placing wells in the most productive zone. The operating
company committed to a multiwell drilling campaign incorporating the
EcoScope service and Schlumberger well placement engineering support.

A full suite of EcoScope and sonicVISION measurements shows vertical and lateral changes along the wellbore,
with the density images confirming structural dip.
Marcellus shale operator repeatedly places long lateral in richest target zone
Consulting Services Identifes Key Technologies to
CHALLENGE
Determine key production drivers in Nio-
brara formation, target interval of highest
reservoir quality, and accurately geosteer
the horizontal lateral within that zone.
SOLUTION
Engaged Schlumberger DCS to recommend
and run a suite of fit-for-purpose tools to
characterize the reservoir, guide real-time
geosteering, and optimize completions.
RESULTS
Identified the 10-ft interval of greatest
potential, stayed in zone for entire length of
the 3,000-ft lateral, and modified completion
design to maximize well performance.
Schlumberger DCS was very easy
to work with and provided the
expert guidance needed to suc-
cessfully complete our first three
horizontal wells within the desired
stratigraphic interval.
Independent Operator,
Denver-Julesberg basin
Making sure to get it rightfrom the start
In the fall of 2010, a small operator in the Denver-Julesberg basin of Colorado began its first
horizontal drilling campaign in the Niobrara formation, an unconventional oil reservoir with four
laterally continuous chalk units. Based on historical drilling data, the operator knew the B unit
was the primary target in this area, but did not know what portion of the 36-ft zone would be most
productive.
The operator needed to understand the reservoirs major production driverspetrophysics,
mechanical properties, natural fractures, structural complexity, and so onand use that knowl-
edge to optimize drilling and completions not only for the first well, but for the whole campaign.
Since the companys internal resources were limited and they were relatively unfamiliar with the
area, decision makers wanted to shorten the typical learning curve associated with entering any
new unconventional play. They wanted to make sure they got it right, from the very beginning. To
do so, they turned to the seasoned geotechnical consultants of Schlumberger Data & Consulting
Services (DCS).
Accurately quantifying the key production drivers
The client approached DCS because of its reputation consulting on unconventional projects
in the Denver-Julesberg basin. Based on the operators needs, DCS recommended a suite of
high-tier, fit-for-purpose logging measurements for the pilot hole and a geosteering solution for
the lateral.
Schlumberger Platform Express* integrated wireline logging, ECS* elemental capture spectroscopy,
and CMR* combinable magnetic resonance tools accurately quantified reservoir qualitymin-
eralogy, porosity, permeability, and saturation. Borehole images from FMI* fullbore formation
CASE STUDY
Reservoir Characterization
Consulting Services Identifies Key Technologies to
Expert analysis of high-tier logs and real-time data targets the most productive
zone in unconventional oil reservoir
Expert analysis of high-tier log measurements determined that a 10-ft interval (yellow) in the Niobrara B (green)
was the zone of greatest potential production.
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Petrophysical Evaluation Borehole Imagery Acoustic Properties
54 GO TO TOC NIOBRARA 2 of 2 DRILLING
microimager helped unravel natural and induced fractures. And
acoustic behavior information from Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning
platform characterized the Niobraras stress state and other mechani-
cal properties.
Expert processing, analysis, interpretation, and integration of field log
data by DCS geoscientists and engineers yielded a better understand-
ing of the target reservoir in the area. In the process, they identified
a 10-ft interval in the middle of the Niobrara B unit as the zone of
greatest potential. After determining where to drill the horizontal
lateral, the teams next challenge was to keep the wellbore within that
more-productive zone as much as possible.
Targeting the productive zone, optimizing completions
Because of the formations extensive lateral continuity, Schlumberger
recommended its new MicroScope* advanced resistivity and
imaging-while-drilling service to guide geosteering operations.
A DCS well placement engineer interpreted resistivity images in
real time to construct an initial cross-section of the target interval
and to determine when the borehole was climbing or dropping. As
a result, the well successfully remained in the 10-ft zone of highest
reservoir quality for more than 3,000 ft.
After drilling was completed, further processing and interpretation of
high-resolution MicroScope imagery revealed detailed bedding and
fracture intensity, as well as the strike and dip of open and healed
natural fractures. This refined the structural section along the well
path, enabling engineers to optimize the original completion design
in three ways: (1) by combining similar lithologies, (2) by avoiding the
placement of packers in areas of intense fracturing, and (3) by managing
fluids and pump rates to prevent excessive leakoff and achieve
near-wellbore connectivity.
Finally, results from this initial well empowered the operator to make
more informed decisions about additional wells in its ongoing Niobrara
drilling program.
www.slb.com/dcs
CASE STUDY: Target the most productive zone in Niobrara reservoir
Real-time interpretation of high-resolution resistivity images (top) successfully
maintained the wellbore within the 10-ft target zone (yellow) for over 3,000 ft.
Based on this project, Schlumberger identified a range of technologies and services
capable of characterizing and quantifying the key drivers of Niobrara oil production.
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Niobrara B - Base
Niobrara B - Top
Target
Production Driver Importance Technology and Services
Reservoir quality
(porosity, permeability,
saturation)
Hydrocarbon storage,
oil in place,
and matrix contribution to flow
Platform Express*,
CMR*,
ECS*, Rt Scanner*,
and core calibration
Natural fractures and
structural complexity
(faults, curvature)
System permeability,
reservoir connectivity,
ability to stay in zone
FMI*, MicroScope*,
anisotropy, 3D seismic
Charge access Fluid properties,
pore pressure
ECS, resistivity, core
calibration, fluid property
mapping
Fluid properties
and pressure
Downhole pressure,
oil properties
In situ pressure
and sampling from MDT*
and PressureXpress*
services
Geomechanics Stress orientation and magni-
tude for fracture containment,
achieving transverse
hydraulic fractures,
achieving wellbore stability
Sonic Scanner*,
mechanical earth modeling,
StimMAP* microseismic
monitoring
Well placement Intercepting best-quality part
of reservoir for production,
optimal stimulation,
avoiding near-wellbore pinchoff
Real-time geosteering
with image logs
Well performance Validation of hydraulic
fracturing success
and need for well placement
FloScan Imager*
production logging
55 GO TO TOC
Advanced Logging Technology Reveals the Most
Productive Zones in Woodford Shale Wells
CHALLENGE
Optimize placement and production
from future wells in the Woodford
Shale by identifying and perforating
the most prolific reservoir rock.
SOLUTION
Integrate LWD along the lateral with
neutron, density, and resistivity data
from a vertical offset well to identify
the most productive reservoir intervals.
Refine mapping of reservoir zones using
LWD and identify sweet spots using
Flow Scanner* horizontal and deviated
well production logging system.
RESULTS
Integration of EcoScope*, Platform
Express*, and Flow Scanner data
determined that 90% of gas came from
perforations placed in zones identified
as most productive.
Advanced Logging Technology Reveals the
Most Productive Zones in Woodford Shale Wells
Mapping reservoir intervals
An operator performed an LWD operation on a 4,000-ft [1,220-m] lateral in the Woodford
Shale. The measurements were run to understand how the formation dip changes laterally
and how the reservoir properties vary across the vertical layers. Working with engineers from
Schlumberger Data & Consulting Services, the operator integrated offset vertical triple combo
neutron, density, and resistivity measurements with measurements obtained with the EcoScope
multifunction LWD service to map nine distinct layers in the Woodford Shale with a thickness
of 220 ft [67 m].
Integrating measurements to identify high-quality reservoir intervals
After the well was put on production, the Flow Scanner multispinner production logging
tool was run, and data from it was integrated with maps of reservoir zones to identify the
most prolific zones within the Woodford Shale. The Flow Scanner measurements determined
that more than 90% of the gas was produced from perforations located in three of the nine
mapped zones.
Integration of LWD and production logging measurements identifies the
most productive zones of the shale reservoir in Oklahoma
Geochemical analysis used to identify drilling and production sweet spots in the Woodford Shale.
Two consecutive stages show 19% vs. 10% gas contribution. Proper measurements and completion
procedures are necessary for understanding reservoir performance and optimizing future wells.
CASE STUDY
Shale Gas
600 400 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 5600 5400 5200 5000 4800 4600 4400 4200 800
8850
8900
9000
8950
9100
9050
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9150
8850
8900
9000
8950
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9050
9200
9150
Stage 9 Stage 8 Stage 7 Stage 6 Stage 5 Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1
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% Production
contribtion
Stage 6 - 10% Gas Stage 7 - 19% Gas
Shale
Bound Fluid
QFM (Sand)
Pyrite
Kerogen
Free Gas
Perforation
Cluster
Wellbore
Trajectory
% Production
Contribution
% Production
Contribution
56 GO TO TOC WOODFORD 2 of 2 DRILLING
These three highly productive layers were adjacent to one another and within 82 ft [25 m] of each
other. Furthermore, interpretations derived from EcoScope and Flow Scanner data showed that
perforation clusters placed across higher free gas, lower clay content, and lower calcite volume
produced more gas.
Optimizing future wells
Lateral measurements are crucial to place wells in the most productive layers within the
Woodford Shale. Placing perforation clusters across zones with the most favorable rock
properties should result in stronger performance from all the perforation clusters, ultimately
increasing the total well production. The operator will apply lessons learned from this well
to optimize future operations. This approach of integrating measurements from vertical
logging data, lateral LWD data, and production logs is essential to understand how to optimize
production from other heterogeneous shale plays.

Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC), formerly Japan National Oil Corporation (JNOC), and Schlumberger collaborated on a research
project to develop LWD technology that reduces the need for traditional chemical sources. Designed around the pulsed neutron generator (PNG), EcoScope
service uses technology that resulted from this collaboration. The PNG and the comprehensive suite of measurements in a single collar are key components
of the EcoScope service that deliver game-changing LWD technology.
CASE STUDY : Integration of LWD and production logging measurements identifies the most productive zones of the
shale reservoir in Oklahoma
600 400 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 2800 2600 5600 5400 5200 5000 4800 4600 4400 4200 800
8850
8900
9000
8950
9100
9050
9200
9150
8850
8900
9000
8950
9100
9050
9200
9150
Stage 9 Stage 8 Stage 7 Stage 6 Stage 5 Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 6 Stage 5 Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 4 Stage 7
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from stage 7
from stage 4
% Production Contribtion
Production from highly productive zones in the Woodford Shale can be 6 times greater than less-productive zones, so operators use advanced logging
technology such as the EcoScope service to optimize well placement.
57 GO TO TOC
Newfeld Saves 2 Days on Woodford Shale Well
Challenge
Drill and complete super
extended lateral in undulating
Woodford Shale within AFE.
Solution
Use Schlumberger directional
drilling technologyPowerDrive*
rotary steerable systems and
SlimPulse* third-generation
slim MWD tool to geosteer
well to best place in less time.
Results
Reached TD 2 days ahead
of schedule.
Ran production casing
successfully without need
to condition hole.
Final lateral length of 10,394 ft
was new record for Newfield
and longest in Oklahoma.

Newfield Saves 2 Days
on Woodford Shale Well
Case study: Powered rotary steerable system used to drill longest lateral
in Oklahoma10,394-ftreduces surface torque and drillpipe wear
Drill super extended lateral in Woodford Shale
Gas production wells being drilled in the Woodford Shale play in the state of Oklahoma,
USA, typically had horizontal lateral sections about 5,000 ft long. Newfield Exploration
Mid-Continent Inc. planned to drill and a complete a well with a super extended lateral
section twice that lengthwithout exceeding the AFE target days.
Optimize performance
The wells upper, vertical section was drilled to the kickoff point (KOP) using a PowerV*
vertical drilling system that automatically maintained verticality and reduced tortuosity.
Then the tight curve section was drilled as planned with a positive displacement motor.
In the super extended lateral section, use of a PowerDrive vorteX* powered rotary steerable
Drilling
The 10,394-ft super extended lateral drilled using a PowerDrive vorteX powered rotary steerable
system and SlimPulse MWD tool was more than double the length of a typical lateral.
0 3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000
Actual horizontal scale, ft
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Record well as drilled17,697 ft MD
Typical well with
5,000-ft lateral
11,600 ft MD
58 GO TO TOC WOODFORD 2 of 2 DRILLING
Case study: Powered rotary steerable system used to drill longest lateral
in Oklahoma10,394-ftreduces surface torque and drillpipe wear
Performance drilling with
the PowerDrive systems
and SlimPulse MWD tool
helped Newfield reach TD
in the Woodford Shale well
2 days ahead of schedule
while setting a new record
for lateral length.
www.slb.com/drilling

system (RSS) reduced surface torque and
the drillpipe wear that had occurred in prior
wells due to sustaining high rpm during long
lateral runs.
In addition, the PowerDrive vorteX motors
differential pressure gave drillers a better
idea of how well the bit was loaded than
weight on bit and rotary torque measurements
provided. A SlimPulse third-generation slim
MWD tool delivered gamma ray measurements
for geosteering in the lateral section, and a
consistent ROP was maintained from start
to finish of the lateral, despite the tortuosity
purposely created to meet geological objectives.
The SlimPulse tool was installed between
the motor section and steering section of the
PowerDrive vorteX RSS, which placed the
direction and inclination (D&I) package close
to the bit for superior directional control. D&I
and drilling mechanics measurementssuch as
stick/slip, collar rpm, and lateral shockswere
transmitted to the surface in real time, enabling
the drillers to adjust parameters to optimize both
steering and drilling performance.
Schlumberger directional drilling technology
helped Newfield reach TD in the Woodford Shale
2 days ahead of scheduleand delivered a
smooth borehole that enabled the production
casing to be run successfully without any
hole conditioning. The final length of the
super extended lateral was 10,394 ftmore
than twice the typical lateral length of 5,000 ft.
It was a new record for Newfield and the longest
lateral ever drilled in the state of Oklahoma.
Contact your local Schlumberger representative
to learn more.
Installing the SlimPulse MWD tool
between the motor and steering
sections of the PowerDrive vorteX
RSS aided directional control by
allowing measurements to be made
close to the bit.
8-in bit
PowerDrive vorteX
steering section
SlimPulse MWD tool
Crossover
Crossover
PowerDrive vorteX
motor section
59 GO TO TOC
COMPLETING SHALE PLAYS
MARCELLUS 1 of 2 COMPLETION
CHALLENGE
Improve productivity and operational
efficiency in horizontal wells by optimizing
the placement of perforation and hydraulic
fracturing treatments.
SOLUTION
Use Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning
platform and the Mangrove* completion
advisor workflow to engineer precise
staging and perforating designs.
RESULTS
Significantly enhanced stimulation coverage
across the length of the laterals, increasing
production by more than 50% and eliminat-
ing screenouts. PDC Mountaineer (PDCM)
now plans to use Sonic Scanner logs in
conjunction with the Mangrove platform
on all future Marcellus development.
Schlumberger has provided us with
a unique and affordable approach
to optimize our recoverable
reserves in the Marcellus shale.
PDCM will not complete any of our
lateral Marcellus wells without
first running this service and
evaluating the results.
Dewey Gerdom
CEO, PDC Mountaineer, LLC
PDCM wanted to optimize horizontal well completions and productivity
To complete its Marcellus shales horizontal wells simply and cost-effectively, PDC Mountaineer,
like most operators, typically uses geometric perforation designs. With this technique, perforation
clusters are placed at equidistant points along the lateral. However, microseismic monitoring
showed that this type of stage selection often distributed hydraulic fracturing treatments unevenly.
The fracture treatments propogated to the lowest-stress zones, leaving the majority of perforations
understimulated. PDCM wanted to gain a deeper understanding of the reservoir and improve
reserve recovery. PDCM partnered with Schlumberger to identify low-stress intervals, develop
more effective completion designs, and ultimately improve well economics.
Sonic Scanner tool and Mangrove methodology optimized completion designs
Schlumberger deployed its Sonic Scanner acoustic scanning tool on wireline to map out mechan-
ical rock properties. The tools advanced borehole acoustic measurements were loaded into the
Petrel* software platform and interpreted using the Mangrove completion advisor workflow.
Once processed, the critical well information, including in situ stress, lithology, and Youngs
modulus, enabled PDCM and Schlumberger to engineer custom staging and perforating designs.
This ensured more consistent stimulation along the entire lateral, and lower breakdown and
treating pressures.
When weve used the Schlumberger Sonic Scanner tool to identify and place the staged inter-
vals based on like-rock completion, we have never screened out, said Jacob Caplan, Senior
Completions Engineer, PDC Mountaineer. Weve also had a better handle on the breakdown
pressures to be expected, further reducing our risk of screening out. The screenout rate was 35%
when we didnt use Sonic Scanner tool, and on average, each screenout costs PDCM USD 300,000.
CASE STUDY
Stimulation
Microseismic monitoring clearly shows that the fracture initiates in the lowest-stress interval (in red),
and treatments tend to understimulate higher-stress intervals (in pink and blue).
Sonic Scanner tool data and Mangrove methodology help increase reservoir-
to-wellbore connectivity in Marcellus shale while reducing time, costs, and risk
60 GO TO TOC MARCELLUS 2 of 2 COMPLETION
D
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www.slb.com/mangrove
CASE STUDY: Sonic Scanner tool data and Mangrove methodology help increase reservoir-to-wellbore connectivity
Production increased more than 50%, leading PDCM to use
the Mangrove workflow in all future wells
The Flow Scanner* horizontal and deviated well production logging
system showed significantly higher flow rates from wells that used the
Sonic Scanner tool and Mangrove methodology than offset wells com-
pleted with conventional geometric perforating designs.
Based on the total number of wells PDCM has producing in the
Marcellus, I believe the minimum increase we could expect from
utilizing this methodology is 5060%, said Caplan.
After the success of the pilot wells, PDCM decided to use this technique
to help maximize ROI of all future horizontal wells in the Marcellus shale.
The Mangrove workflow has been used in subsequent PDCM wells with
similar results. Recently, PDCM used Mangrove software to automati-
cally select intervals, dramatically reducing interpretation time.
Petrel software allows the logs obtained in the lateral to be viewed in a 3D environment. This enables engineers
to make better decisions when designing the completion.
Porosity
Minimum
stress gradient
Stage 11
Stage 10
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Bad
Stage 12
Stage 9
Stage 8
Stage 7
Stage 6
Stage 5
Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 2
Perforations
and staging
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
X,200
X,400
X,600
X,800
X,000
Gamma ray
Production improvement was directly attributed to the identification and
selection of optimal perforation locations based on property logs.
Completion
quality (left)
Reservoir
quality (right)
61 GO TO TOC
Industry Partnership Defnes Fracture Completion
Best Practices in North Dakota Bakken Play
BAKKEN 1 of 2 COMPLETION
Understanding reservoir complexities, completion strategies
After several years of successful drilling and completion of horizontal wells on the Montana
side of the Williston Basin, operators began seriously exploring the North Dakota Bakken play
in 2006. Although the Bakken is more extensive in North Dakota, it is also more lithologically
heterogeneous.
Initially, the industry did not fully understand reservoir complexities or optimal hydraulic
fracture completion strategies. It was common at the time to run a perforated liner and try
to fracture-stimulate the entire lateral in one continuous stage. But results were disappointing,
production was inconsistent, and North Dakota Bakken development lagged behind that
of Montana.
Operators experimented with various drilling and completion technologies and frac fluids,
but each new players learning curve in this exciting new oil resource proved long, expensive,
and redundant. The key challenge was to better understand and control fracture initiation
and propagation in the Middle Bakken and Three Forks formations.
Identifying factors affecting hydraulic fracture stimulation
In the fall of 2007, the Bakken Research Consortium was formed by Schlumberger Data &
Consulting Services (DCS) as the primary technical partner and project leader, with seven
operators and three other technical contributors, including the US Department of Energy.
The consortium also received a grant from the North Dakota Oil and Gas Research Council.
In 2008, Schlumberger DCS and industry partners studied three horizontal wells in the North Dakota Bakken
to identify optimal hydraulic fracture completion techniques.
CHALLENGE
Unravel geological and geomechanical
factors that affect fracture initiation
and propagation in the Middle Bakken
and Three Forks plays, using best-in-class
technologies.
SOLUTION
Drilled three parallel laterals; ran high-end
logs to characterize reservoirs; compared
single-stage fracture completion in one
lateral with multistage frac in another.
RESULTS
Documented effective multistage
completion techniques, which have
become common practice since 2008
and boosted oil production and
estimated ultimate recoveries.
CASE STUDY
Shale Oil
Industry Partnership Defines Fracture Completion
Best Practices in North Dakota Bakken Play
Bakken Research Consortium identifies key controls for economic production
from unconventional oil reservoirs
62 GO TO TOC BAKKEN 2 of 2 COMPLETION
North Dakota Bakken production (including Three Forks and Sanish) has increased
almost 70X, due mainly to multi-stage fracturing. Source: ND Oil & Gas Division.
Drainage boundary based on microseismic (gray) with hydraulic fracture patterns.
Top well fracture stimulated in one stage; bottom well completed in six stages.
The objective was to apply best-in-class technologies to improve
understanding of the geological, drilling, and completion principles
necessary to optimize production. The study area is on the eastern
flank of the Nesson anticline in Williams County, North Dakota.
A vertical pilot hole and three horizontal wells were drilled 1,500 ft
apart in early 2008.
A high-end log suite was run to fully characterize matrix mineralogy,
porosity, permeability, mechanical properties, and stress states.
The central lateral was cored, and a downhole geophone string was
installed to monitor microseismic events caused by hydraulic fracture
stimulation of the two outside laterals. One was completed in a single
stage with a preperforated linerthe current industry practice.
The other was completed with swell packers, a blank liner, and six
plug-and-perf frac stages using a hybrid fluid design. Chemical and
radioactive tracers were used to tag frac fluids and proppants for
each stage.
Developing industry completion best practices,
boosting oil production
Multidisciplinary analysis, modeling, and simulation found that stress
variations within the lateral impact fracture initiation, and fluid type
coupled with a clear understanding of rock properties affects fracture
height growth. Because of significant variations in reservoir lithology,
proper well placement is essential in this play. Most important,
the team demonstrated unequivocally that multistage completions
provide better fracture stimulation than a single-stage completion.
Consortium members immediately used these findings to optimize

their completion strategies. Today, completions with an increasing
number of fracture stages are common. According to the North
Dakota Department of Minerals, significant increases in estimated
ultimate recovery (EUR) and oil production rates over the past
few years are primarily a result of the introduction of multistage
fracturing in 2008.
One consortium operator, for example, completed its first 12-stage
frac job of a short lateral in late 2008. This change increased EUR
relative to single-stage completions by more than 284,000 barrels
of oil equivalent (boe). By November 2010, the company had drilled
39 consecutive long-lateral Bakken and Three Forks wells in North
Dakota, with up to 38 fracture stimulation stages, producing an
average of 2,777 boe over the first 24 hours of operation.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
70,000,000
60,000,000
50,000,000
40,000,000
30,000,000
20,000,000
10,000,000
0
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Bakken
www.slb.com/unconventional
Olsen, T.N. et al.: Stimulation Results and Completion Implications from the Consortium Multi-well Project in the
North Dakota Bakken Shale, paper SPE 124686 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,
New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (October 47, 2009).
Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners.
CASE STUDY: Bakken Research Consortium identifies key factors for economic production
from unconventional oil reservoirs.
63 GO TO TOC
BARNETT 1 of 2 COMPLETION
IPerformer wireless network coverage areas as of the fourth quarter of 2009 are shown in
green. Additional coverage areas are planned.
Challenge
Optimize remote processing
and collaborative interpretation
of microseismic data acquired
and transmitted from wellsite to
office. Access very large seismic
datasets in real time and provide
mapped microseismic locations
for display at both the wellsite
and remote sites.
Solution
Use the InterACT* connectivity,
collaboration, and information
system; StimMAP LIVE* real-
time microseismic fracture
monitoring, in conjunction with
Petrel* seismic-to-simulation
software; and IPerformer*
Wireless Broadband service, a
WiMAX-based terrestrial radio
network with 1,700-bps circuitry
for high-volume, high-speed,
low-latency data transmission.
Results
Improved decision making by
instantaneously communicating
field operations data to the
corporate office. Delivered
cost-effective, consistent,
and high-quality connectivity
(100% uptime and less than
a 60-ms delay).
Barnett Shale Operations Achieve Remote
Real-Time Microseismic Interpretation with
Private and Dedicated Wireless Networks
Inefficient microseismic data transmission
In the Barnett Shale, the largest natural gas play in Texas, hydraulic fracture monitoring
(HFM) services are often used to map ongoing treatments. Operators needed more efficient
office support of critical decisions, so a new method was sought to improve transmission
speed of high volumes of microseismic data for real-time processing and interpretation.
Processing data remotely would improve overall efficiency, minimize safety risks, and pro-
vide access to high-power computer systems not available in the field. Remote transmission
of full seismic data waveforms (not just triggered events) was key to reaching this goal. The
main difficulty was that seismic datasets could exceed 5 GB, causing throughput and delay
issues that traditional data transmission methods could not always handle. The new method
had to provide microseismic event data to decision makers on location or in the office
within 30 seconds of detection.
64 GO TO TOC BARNETT 2 of 2 COMPLETION
Combination of services for a pilot well
Schlumberger Data & Consulting Services (DCS) and Schlumberger Information Solutions (SIS)
collaborated on HFM requirements. A combination of StimMAP LIVE, Petrel, IPerformer, and
InterACT technologies was first applied to a pilot well to test mobilization, setup, and performance.
StimMAP LIVE diagnostic services were run by DCS to monitor microseismic fractures in real
time as they were created. Used with SIS Petrel software, this service enabled operators to visualize
fracture development and make real-time treatment adjustments to optimize job effectiveness.
Partnered with ERF Wireless, Inc., SIS also delivered a high-capacity broadband service to the
Barnett operators. This included IPerformer connectivitya 1,700-bps, WiMAX-based terrestrial
radio circuit positioned alongside the standard VSAT service. Designed for oil and gas business
applications, the IPerformer service ensured high performance, reliability, and security for
transmitting full waveform data.
The solution also offered low latency, with less than a 60-ms delay, no contention (1,700 bps
unshared), and 100% reliability. Both onsite and remote geophysicists could access ongoing jobs
in real time through a continuous feed from the field via the Internet and the Schlumberger
InterACT Web server, employing secure encryption. Network statistics recorded over a 24-hour
period during pilot well testing indicated
uptime of 100%
upload bandwidth speeds of 1,700+ bps
download bandwidth speeds of 1,700+ bps
average upload speed of 468 KBps
average latency of 20 ms or less.
Collaborative seismic interpretation
The pilot showed that collaborative seismic interpretation could be accomplished remotely with
minimal processing and visualization delay, bringing field operations to operation support center
experts in real time. The wireless broadband service enabled the WiMAX network to achieve 100%
uptime with negligible packet retransmissions. Wellsite and remote staff indicated that where
high data rates are expected, this communication service performs significantly better than using
VSAT communications alone. Due to the pilots success, this solution will be expanded to other
operations within the communications coverage area of Texas and surrounding states.
Schlumberger Information Solutions (SIS) is an operating unit of Schlumberger that provides
software, information management, IT, and related services. SIS collaborates closely with oil and
gas companies to solve todays tough reservoir challenges with an open business approach and
comprehensive solution deployment. Through our technologies and services, oil and gas companies
empower their people to improve business performance by reducing exploration and development
risk and optimizing operational efficiencies.
E-mail sisinfo@slb.com or contact your local Schlumberger representative to learn more.
Both onsite and remote
geophysicists could access
ongoing jobs in real time
through a continuous feed
from the field via the Internet
and the Schlumberger
InterACT Web server,
employing secure encryption.
www.slb.com/sis
Copyright 2010 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 10-IS-0307
65 GO TO TOC
Completions Optimized with Integrated Geome-
chanical Approach
CHALLENGE
Determine most effective stimulation treat-
ment and avoid previous costly mistakes.
SOLUTION
Evaluate formation using TerraTek* rock
mechanics and core analysis services.
RESULTS
Achieved better stimulation treatments and
more economic completions, with
an increase in production of 500 Mcf/d.
Reservoir evaluation disrupts fractured completion trend
Fracture growth out of the zone, potentially into water zones, had delayed and damaged multiple
completion opportunities for an operator in the Barnett Shale. To determine the most effective
stimulation treatment for the completion of this complex reservoir, the formation evaluation
would need to be multifaceted and include thorough geomechanical and petrophysical properties
determination with downhole scanning tools. The evaluation goals were threefold: examine
petrophysical data to determine reservoir quality; analyze geomechanical properties of the
formation through a detailed core analysis; and combine the petrophysical evaluation, the
CASE STUDY
Geomechanics
GR
0 gAPI 400
HCAL
3 in 10
Compliance
0 100
Material property clusters vs.
UCS
0 ksi 40
Youngs modulus
x10
6
Poissons ratio Poissons ratio Youngs modulus
x10
6
Static moduli Dynamic moduli
Velocities
P-wave
x1,000ft/s
S-wave
x1,000

ft/s
0 12
E
V
E
H
H
0 0.5
E
V
E
H
0 12
H
0 0.5
H
0 25
Log
H
0 15
Log
Core Measurement
Field Measurement
h
7,000 psi 11,000
Normalized
fracture width
Cluster analysis with anisotropic mechanical prediction.
Completions Optimized with
Integrated Geomechanical Approach
Integrated geomechanical and petrophysical analysis of core data
helps increase production by 500 Mcf/d
In situ stress gradient, psi/ft
XX,X00
XX,X50
XX,X00
XX,X50
XX,X00
XX,X50
XX,X00

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
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Isotropic
stress model
Anisotropic
stress model
Predicted
fracture
barrier
www.slb.com/TerraTek
Copyright 2011 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 10-TS-0216
CASE STUDY: Integrated geomechanical approach increases gas production by 500 Mcf/d
Where the simplified isotropic stress model incorrectly
indicated a barrier, the anisotropic stress model
revealed that there was none.
comparison between log-derived and core-measured geomechanical properties, fluid-sensitivity
tests, and offset well data to make the best recommendation for completion.
Anisotropic stress model delivers fracture success
Schlumberger used TerraTek services to perform an evaluation of this Barnett Shale reservoir.
Analysis gave the operator a detailed evaluation of this formation and a completion methodology
designed for success. The completion methodology, designed for perforation placement avoiding
laminated intervals, focused on more siliceous layers with low-closure stress. To avoid fracturing
down into the water zone below the shale, analysis suggested perforating in intervals to promote
upward growth.
With the analysis providing a full understanding of the reservoir, the operator incorporated a tapered
proppant mesh throughout the course of the hydraulic fracture treatments. Key components of the
evaluation methodology included the use of ECS* elemental capture spectroscopy sonde, FMI*
fullbore formation microimager, ELANPlus* software, Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning platform,
Platform Express* wireline logging tool, and TerraTek core analysis to provide a complete char-
acterization of the reservoir and its potential.
Processing mechanical properties with an anisotropic stress model is critical to predicting and
mitigating proppant entry issues, as well as predicting fracture geometry. A thorough knowledge
of the stress gradient and contrasts is vital to determining the optimum way to hydraulically frac-
ture the reservoir. Detailed fluid sensitivity tests lead to the selection of the best fracturing fluids.
Complete analysis leads to solid completions
Combining all of these analyses with a perforation strategy helped the client avoid completion
failures common in this reservoir, like fracture growth out of the zone, potentially into a water
zone. The 3D anisotropic processing revealed that apparent fracture barriers in carbonate
and high-clay intervals did not exist. Surface-passive microseismic monitoring of the hydraulic
fracture treatment later confirmed this. The relevance of processing geomechanical data with
an anisotropic stress model proved invaluable to the development of the reservoir.
Analysis of core data resulted in better placement for perforation clusters, optimized well trajectory
for horizontal laterals, and enhanced production. This well, completed using TerraTek analysis,
showed an average production increase of 500 Mcf/d.
67 GO TO TOC
StimMORE Service Restores Well Productivity for a
Major Barnett Shale Operator
Challenge
Refracture existing horizontal
wells in the Barnett Shale
to improve declining well
performance.
Solution
Used StimMORE* service, which
incorporates StimMAP* LIVE
microseismic monitoring service,
to refracture and achieve
good zonal coverage without
mechanical intervention.
Results
Improved well estimated ultimate
recovery (EUR) by 20%.
StimMORE Service Restores Well Productivity
for a Major Barnett Shale Operator
Case study: Integrated approach to well stimulation improves
EUR by 20%
A vastly unexploited option
Horizontal well completions in the complex Barnett Shale reservoir have increased steadily
in recent years, and the standard completion method is placing multiple transverse fracture
treatments across the wellbore. A typical first-year average gas production decline is more
than 50%, making completions in this reservoir good candidates for restimulation. Finding
an economically feasible way to reenter the well and place multiple fractures in the
wellbore is another limiting factor in the refracturing treatments that are undertaken today.
These limitations make refracturing a vastly unexploited option in this area.
To access trapped gas reserves, a major operator in the Barnett Shale collaborated with
Schlumberger to develop a technique to refracture a horizontal well in the Barnett Shale.
After an initial gas production of approximately 2,200 Mcf/d, well performance declined to less
than 500 Mcf/d in 4 years. However, microseismic monitoring of the original stimulation
treatments confirmed the opportunity to contact more of the reservoir rock.
Refracturing improves well productivity and increases ultimate recovery.
Pittard 6H Production Comparison
0
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Time/Days
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Log. (Original Production)
Re-frac Production
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Gas Production After Refracturing
6/28/03 8/1/04 9/5/05 10/10/06 11/14/07 12/18/08 1/22/10
Time, d
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Stimulation
Case study: Integrated approach to well stimulation
improves EUR by 20%
An integrated approach to refracturing
The operator selected the Schlumberger StimMORE refracturing service for this treatment.
The StimMORE service combines a unique fluid-based, tool-free fracture diversion
technology with StimMAP LIVE real-time fracture monitoring.
The diversion slurries consisted of a multicomponent blend of degradable materials that
temporarily block fractures, diverting fluid flow and inducing the creation of additional
fractures in situ and/or at the wellbore. StimMAP LIVE diagnostics were used during the
treatment to confirm the lateral section that the stimulation fluids contacted, and four
diversion plugs were pumped to maximize lateral coverage.
Cost-effective completion and increased recovery
This new approach to refracturing
improved well economics by avoiding costly
intervention techniques and optimizing
stimulation treatment in real time. Based
on the estimated production decline,
the operator expects payback for the
stimulation treatment within 6 months.
More importantly, over a 20-year time
period, recoverable reserves are expected to
increase by 20%.
About the Contact family
StimMORE service is part of the dynamic category of the Contact* staged fracturing and
completion services. These technologies maximize reservoir contact by offering the most
efficient and effective services for each well. The Contact dynamic category offers fluid-
based and tool-free fracturing of multiple stages in one continuous operation. Contact
services can be enhanced with real-time measurement options.
StimMORE service, which
combines fluid-based, tool-
free fracture diversion
technology with StimMAP
LIVE real-time data, enabled
efficient and cost-effective
completion of the previously
unstimulated well sections.
www.slb.com/reservoircontact
The graphs show stimulation results using conventional treatment methods and the results
using the StimMORE service.
2,400
1,600
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2,400
1,600
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West-East Distance, ft
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Without refracturing
With refracturing
3 0 6 9 12
Time, years
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Improve Production With Optimum Fracture Design
in Real Time
Challenge
Create optimum fracture design
in a complex and unconventional
reservoir to optimize recovery.
Solution
Use StimMAP* services to
generate a 3D map of micro-
seismic events. Create a model
to enable optimization of
horizontal completions.
Results
Refined hydraulic fracturing
in real time for improved control,
operational cost savings, and
future design optimization.
Stimulation
Improve Production With
Optimum Fracture Design in Real Time
Case study: StimMAP services provide hydraulic fracture monitoring and
interpretation for enhanced stimulation optimization in Barnett Shale reservoir
Refine fracture design
An increasing number of wells require fracture stimulation to be economically productive. For
wells in the complex Barnett Shale region, it is difficult to develop an optimal fracture design. An
Oklahoma operator wanted to refine fracture design for greater efficiency in this unconventional
gas reservoir, which had previously been bypassed as too difficult to model. Real-time answers were
needed to determine the number of stages in the fracture and enable updates at each stage. It was
essential to stay within the producing zone, using ball sealers at the right time to move to the
next stage and avoiding growth into the water-bearing zone. With real-time answers, stimulation
optimization recommendations could be made for the well and for future horizontal completions
in the reservoir.
Map view of microseismic locations from a four-stage slickwater stimulation treatment.
Map View of Microseismic Events
Scaled by Stage
Distance East-West, ft
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Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
Bethaney No. 3H
Perforations
Godley No. 1
Bethaney No. 1
Godley No. 1
Bethaney No. 1
69 GO TO TOC
Case study: StimMAP services provide hydraulic fracture monitoring and
interpretation for enhanced stimulation optimization in Barnett Shale reservoir
Make adjustments in real time
StimMAP services, which had proven their value in previous wells, were chosen to create an optimum
fracture design using accurate image geometry of the hydraulic fracture. StimMAP hydraulic fracture
stimulation diagnostics is the first and only service able to monitor the fracture development in real
time or after the event. In the past, operators had relied on pressure gauge readings and temperature
changes to determine whether the fracture was complete. Microseismic data for StimMAP services were
acquired with the multishuttle VSI* Versatile Seismic Imager and processed on location to generate a
3D computer image of the fracture system, enabling the stimulation treatment of subsequent stages to
be reengineered.
From the 3D map of acoustically determined microseismic events (height, length, and width) a model
incorporating the fracture parameters was created. Using the model to interpret the fracture geometry and
azimuth, changes were made in real time. The ability to observe the growth of the acoustic fracture fairway
in real time allowed for modifications on location to the completion design in perforation strategy,
treatment volumes, and injection rate to stay out of the water-bearing zone.
Improve efficiency and save costs
Accurate image geometry of the hydraulic fracture in real time refined and improved control. A complete
reservoir model was developed and measurement of the production contribution of each stage was used
to evaluate the effectiveness of the stimulation treatment. Overlapping fractures were prevented by
increasing the distance between zones, fracturing efficiency was improved by using ball sealers, and the
water-bearing zone was avoided thanks to real-time decisions. More efficient fractures saved operating
costs, improved production, and optimized future horizontal completion designs.
StimMAP services, which had
proven their value in previous
wells, were chosen to create an
optimum fracture design using
accurate image geometry of the
hydraulic fracture.
www.slb.com/stimmap
Transverse view of microseismic locations from four-stage slickwater stimulation treatment
orthogonal to the preferred fracture orientation.
Transverse View of Microseismic Events
Scaled by Stage
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Distance along projection, ft
5,250
5,750
6,250
6,750
7,250
7,750
-5,400 -4,400 -3,400 -2,400 -1,400 -400
Estimated Lower Barnett Top
Estimated Ellenberger Top
Stage 4
Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
Bethaney No. 3
Perforations
p Estimated Ellenberger Top
Stage 1
Bethaney No. 3
Perforations
71 GO TO TOC
StimMORE Service Increases EUR in Barnett Shale
Well by 0.25 Bcf
Challenge
Stimulate the nonproducing heel
section of a horizontal Barnett
Shale gas well.
Solution
to increase stimulation coverage
of the lateral and bring the
targeted zones to production.
Results
Increased lateral coverage by
25%, resulting in a production
increase from 500 Mcf/d
to 1,200 Mcf/d. Increased
estimated ultimate recovery
(EUR) by 0.25 Bcf.
StimMORE Service Increases EUR
in Barnett Shale Well by 0.25 Bcf
Case study: Integrated approach results in daily production increase
of nearly threefold
Reservoir stimulation in the Barnett Shale
Horizontal completions in the complex Barnett Shale reservoir have increased steadily
over the years. The standard completion method in this area is to place multiple transverse
fracture treatments across the wellbore. However, declining gas production continues to
be a problem with a typical first-year average production decline of more than 50%. As a
result, these wells generally need to be refractured within 5 years of the initial completion.
Finding an economically feasible way to reenter the well and place multiple fractures in the
wellbore is a limiting factor in the number of refracturing treatments that are done today.
The initial completion of a horizontal cased hole gas well completed in January 2005
consisted of 4 fracture stages across a total of 16 perforation intervals between 7,396 ft and
9,853 ft. Each fracture stage was separated by a mechanical bridge plug.
The well initially produced approximately 4 MMcf/d of gas, but by January 2006, production
had declined by almost half. Microseismic data indicated less than optimal reservoir
stimulation during the third and fourth fracture stages of the original treatment. Production
logs from May 2006 and September 2007 also indicated that a significant portion of the
reservoir in the heel section of the well was not producing.
Comparison of microseismic activity before and after the StimMORE refracturing treatment.
-3,000
0
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-1,500
-2,250
-2,250 -1,500 -750 0 -3,000
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-1,500
-2,250
-2,250 -1,500 -750 0
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Distance, ft
Stimulation
of nearly threefold
The client contacted Schlumberger to design a refracturing treatment to stimulate the
nonproducing section of the reservoir.
Efficient refracturing of horizontal wellbores
StimMORE service, which incorporates StimMAP* LIVE real-time fracture monitoring
service, was selected for the treatment. The StimMORE service enables efficient
refracturing of horizontal wellbores to improve well productivity and well recovery.
A single-stage treatment, which required no mechanical plugs, was proposed for refracturing
the well. StimMORE diversion stages were pumped to allow for movement of the fracture
entry point along the lateral. During the treatment, multiple diversion plugs were pumped
based on feedback from the StimMAP LIVE monitoring.
Potential increase in recoverable reserves
During the refracturing treatment, a large section of the original fracture was restimulated
and microseismic data indicated that approximately 25% of new lateral was also stimulated.
More importantly, production after the treatment increased immediately from approximately
500 Mcf/d to 1,200 Mcf/d, and payout is expected within 9 months. Additionally, the treatment
is estimated to have the potential to increase recoverable reserves by 0.25 Bcf.
StimMORE service is part of the dynamic category of the Contact* four-category portfolio of
staged fracturing and completion services. These technologies maximize reservoir contact
by offering the most efficient and effective services for each well. The Contact dynamic
category offers fluid-based and tool-free fracturing of multiple stages in one continuous
operation. Contact services can be enhanced with real-time measurement options.
After the treatment, produc-
tion increased immediately
from approximately 500 Mcf/d
to 1,200 Mcf/d, and payout
is expected within 9 months.
The treatment is also expected
to increase EUR by 0.25 Bcf.
Production performance of Barnett Shale well as a result of StimMORE refracturing
treatment.
Production Performance
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Production, days
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Average Daily Production

73 GO TO TOC
HiWAY Technique Increases Condensate Produc-
tion by 43% in the Eagle Ford Shale
EAGLE FORD 1 of 2 COMPLETION
CHALLENGE
Improve oil and gas production and
operational efficiency in the competitive
Eagle Ford shale.
SOLUTION
Apply HiWAY* flow-channel hydraulic frac-
turing technique in horizontal completions to
increase the effective stimulated rock volume
by creating stable, infinitively conductive
channels within the proppant pack.
RESULTS
The HiWAY fracturing technique increased
60-day cumulative oil production by 43%
and 60-day cumulative gas production by
61% while reducing water and proppant
consumption per well by 58% and 35%,
respectively.
Challenging conditions
Working in the Eagleville field in South Texas, a large Gulf Coast operator continually aims to
improve production from the Eagle Ford shale. The formation mainly comprises limestones and
shales with

7 to 10% porosity

200 to 600 nD

8,000- to 10,000-psi reservoir pressure

4.1 to 8.4 Mpsi Youngs modulus.
Production from this area is driven by the effective stimulated rock volume (ESRV) and the
reservoir connectivity with the wellbore that can be established via hydraulic fracturing.
High fracturing gradients (typically 0.92 1.00 psi/ft) and bottomhole static temperatures (280
310 degF) at depths between 11,800 and 12,200 ft are challenging conditions for successful
execution of fracturing treatments.
Logistics are also challenging for these operations. This section of the Eagle Ford Shale has
generally been stimulated using multistage horizontal completions with high-rate slick-water
treatments. Such treatments require millions of gallons of water and millions of pounds of
proppant per well. The ongoing expansion of fracturing activity in the Eagle Ford shale further
constrains the limited availability of water and proppant in the area. The need exists to increase
operational efficiency by reducing the amount of materials used in these operations.
The HiWAY flow-channel fracturing technique was applied to address these challenges and
improve well performance beyond conventional means.
Planning the evaluation campaign
This operator chose to evaluate the HiWAY flow-channel hydraulic fracturing technique from
Schlumberger for the stimulation of wells in the Eagleville field in a four-well study. Two wells
were stimulated with the HiWAY technique. The other two wells were stimulated simultaneously with
the conventional method.
The landing of the wells was carefully planned to provide the best possible basis for comparison.
The wells treated with the HiWAY technique had been drilled from a single pad, in opposite direc-
tions. The other two wells had also been drilled in opposite directions from a single pad located
just 3,500 ft away and parallel to the first two wells. The average lateral length for each pair of
wells differed by only 1%.
Rather than leaving fracture flow dependent on proppant pack conductivity, the HiWAY fracturing
technique creates stable channels for oil and gas to flow through. These stable channels offer
limitless conductivity, thus increasing flowback and reducing pressure drop across the fracture.
These effects lead to greater ESRV and consequently, higher oil and gas production.
CASE STUDY
Stimulation
HiWAY Technique Increases Condensate Production
by 43% in the Eagle Ford Shale
Channel fracturing delivers step-change in well performance while reducing
water consumption by 58%
74 GO TO TOC EAGLE FORD 2 of 2 COMPLETION
Average Completion Data per Well 60-Day Average Performance per Well
Fracturing technique Lateral
length, ft
Fracturing
fluid, bbl
Proppant,
lbm
Cumulative
condensate, bc
Cumulative
gas, MMcf
Wellhead flowing
pressure, psi
Water
recovery
HiWAY (2 wells) 4,405 87,500 2,395 26,535 30.1 2,156 13.0%
Conventional (2 wells) 4,368 207,103 3,709 18,555 18.7 1,916 10.9%
Difference 1% -58% -35% 43% 61% 13% 19%
More production with fewer resources
During the first 60 days after stimulation, the wells treated with the HiWAY technique produced
an average of 26,535 barrels of condensate (bc) with 30.1 MMcf of associated gas. The wells
treated conventionally produced an average of 18,555 bc with 18.7 MMcf of associated gas.
Furthermore, the average wellhead flowing pressure for the wells treated with HiWAY channel
fracturing was 2,156 psi versus 1,916 psi for the conventional wells. Therefore, the HiWAY tech-
nique increased condensate and gas production by 43% and 61% respectively while delivering
higher flowing pressures.
Very importantly, these results were obtained while reducing the amount of water and proppant
used per well by 58% and 35%, respectively. The operator saved more than 10,000,000 gal of
water and 2,600,000 lbm of proppant in the two wells stimulated with HiWAY channel fracturing.
The reduction in the amount of materials required to stimulate a well simplifies logistics, reduces
completion costs and minimizes safety and environmental risks.
By virtue of these results, the energy company has requested the use of the HiWAY technology
on future wells within its lease.
www.slb.com/HiWAY
CASE STUDY: Channel fracturing delivers step-change in well performance while reducing water consumption by 58%
75 GO TO TOC
Channel Fracturing Increases Production by 37%
for Petrohawk in the Eagle Ford Shale
CHALLENGE
Improve oil and gas production in the Eagle
Ford Shale.
SOLUTION
Apply HiWAY* flow-channel hydraulic
fracturing technique in horizontal comple-
tions to increase the effective stimulated
reservoir volume by creating stable chan-
nels and limitless fracture conductivity.
RESULTS
Increased initial gas production by 37%
and initial oil production by 32%. Petrohawk
announced increase in estimated ultimate
recovery (EUR) for the field and converted
all Schlumberger fracturing activity to the
HiWAY technique.
Petrohawk has converted 100%
of frac services provided by
Schlumberger in the Eagle Ford to
HiWAY. Currently, Petrohawk is
utilizing all available capacity of
this technology.
Petrohawk press release
Challenging conditions
Working in the Hawkville field near Cotulla, Texas, Petrohawk aims at improving production and
EUR from the Eagle Ford Shale. The formation mainly comprises limestones and shales with

6% to 10% porosity

200 to 600 nD

7,000-10,000 psi bottomhole pressure

2.0 to 4.5 Mpsi Youngs modulus.
Production from this area is driven by the effective stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and the
reservoir connectivity with the wellbore that can be established via hydraulic fracturing. The
field has high fracturing gradients (typically 0.91-1.00 psi/ft) and high bottomhole temperatures
(270-300 degF) at depths between 10,000 and 13,000 ft. These are challenging conditions for the
successful execution of fracturing treatments.
Since its discovery in 2008, this section of the Eagle Ford formation has generally been stimulated
using multistage horizontal completions with high-rate slickwater treatments. However, recently
there has been a trend to use polymer-based crosslinked and hybrid treatments. This evolution
has led to a moderate improvement in production results.
CASE STUDY
Channel Fracturing Increases Production by 37%
for Petrohawk in the Eagle Ford Shale
HiWAY technology improves fracturing performance and EUR
for horizontal wells in South Texas
The HiWAY technique gave Heim #2H well a maximum initial rate of 14.5 Mcf/d, or 37% higher initial gas produc-
tion than the best comparable offset well. The HiWAY technique gave the Dilworth #1H well a maximum initial
production rate of 820 bbl/d, or 32% higher initial oil production rate than the best comparable offset.
Stimulation
Dilworth #1H
(HiWAY)
Offset O-1
Offset O-2
Offset O-3
Offset O-4
Offset O-5
200 400 600 800
Condensate production rate, bbl/d
Heim #2H
(HiWAY)
Offset G-1
Offset G-2
Offset G-3
0 5 10 15
Gas production, Mcf/d
Flow-channel creation for two wells
Petrohawk chose to implement Schlumberger HiWAY flow-channel hydraulic fracturing
technique to address these challenges and improve well performance for the stimulation of wells
in the Hawkville field.
Two wells were selected to build an initial assessment: Heim #2H well, located in a gas-
producing window of the field, and Dilworth #1H well, located in a condensate-producing window
of the field. Results were compared with those from valid offsets previously stimulated by using
conventional techniques.
Rather than leaving fracture flow dependent on proppant pack conductivity, the HiWAY fracturing
technique created stable channels for hydrocarbons to flow through, thus increasing the
effective stimulated reservoir volume.
Outstanding production results
The enhanced stimulation of the reservoir provided by HiWAY channel fracturing gave the Heim
#2H well a maximum initial rate of 14.5 Mcf/d, or 37% higher initial gas production than the best
comparable offset well. The HiWAY technique gave the Dilworth #1H well a maximum initial rate
of 820 bbl/d, or 32% higher initial oil production rate than the best comparable offset. Production
rates and wellhead pressures for these two wells remain the highest among all wells in their
corresponding areas.
In a recent press release, the results of the HiWAY technique were mentioned by Petrohawk:
In Hawkville Field, a new frac design has significantly improved the Companys EUR
estimates. . . . Two wells with sufficient production history to estimate EURs are the Heim #2H,
which is projected to produce an estimated 8.9 Bcf and 260 Mbngl, and the Dilworth #1H, which is
projected to produce an estimated 2.1 Bcf and 400 Mbc and 208 Mbngl.
Based on these results, Petrohawk has increased its utilization of Schlumberger HiWAY
technology and has requested the deployment of an additional fracturing fleet in the
Hawkville field. More than 900 HiWAY treatments have been performed for Petrohawk in
over 50 wells to date.
CASE STUDY: HiWAY technology improves fracturing performance and EUR for horizontal wells in South Texas
www.slb.com/HiWAY
77 GO TO TOC
Optimizing Stimulation and Reservoir Characteriza-
tion Using LWD Measurements in the Eagle Ford
Shale
CHALLENGE
Well placement, reservoir
characterization, completion design,
and stimulation optimization of a hori-
zontal well in the Eagle Ford Shale.
SOLUTION
EcoScope* and sonicVISION*
measurements to steer the lateral
in real time, perform structural
interpretation using azimuthal
borehole images, and derive reservoir
and geomechanical properties
to optimize completion design and
enhance stimulation treatment.
RESULTS
Real-time acquisition, interpretation,
and integration of well measurements,
which helped the operator to prevent
unexpected drilling events, evaluate
the reservoir, and optimize the
stimulation operation.
Optimizing Stimulation and Reservoir Characterization
Using LWD Measurements in the Eagle Ford Shale
The benefits of LWD data
An independent operator drilling a new well in Webb County, Texas, planned to extend the
horizontal section to an area beyond 3D seismic coverage and to log the entire lateral while
drilling. LWD measurements were transmitted in real time to help ensure optimal placement of
the lateral within the geologic structure and to evaluate the reservoir. Schlumberger provided the
resources to acquire, interpret, and integrate logging-while-drilling measurements to influence
the stimulation program in real time.
Interpreting LWD measurements for Eagle Ford characterization
To perform shale gas reservoir characterization along the lateral, the operator used combinations
of the EcoScope multifunction logging-while-drilling service (including density images and
spectroscopy), the TeleScope* high-speed telemetry-while-drilling service, and the sonicVISION
sonic-while-drilling tool.
An independent operating company gains in-depth understanding
of the Eagle Ford Shale to optimize its stimulation program
EcoScope and sonicVISION data revealed dip changes in Eagle Ford layers. The borehole image
enabled the identification of a fault near the toe of the lateral.
CASE STUDY
Shale Gas
True Horizontal Length (ft)
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With the InterACT* connectivity, collaboration, and information system,
real-time data was transmitted from the rig site to Schlumberger OSC*
interactive drilling operations and Data & Consulting Services (DCS)
scientists and engineers. This remote transmission allowed the operating
company personnel to interpret LWD data and monitor drilling mechanics
data in real time.
The final interpretation enhanced mineralogy description, structural
mapping, and understanding of reservoir and geomechanical properties
for integrated shale gas characterization.
Integrated shale gas characterization for stimulation practice
Based on this robust evaluation suite, Schlumberger was able to
recommend an optimized completion design by placing the perforation
clusters guided by reservoir and geomechanical properties. Furthermore,
the stress profile and mineralogy from the evaluation were used to
optimize the fracturing strategy.
Close coordination of this integrated workflow of data gathering,
processing, and analysis helped in providing final recommendations
in time for implementation and execution.
Independent operating company fine-tunes perforation placement and identifies fault intersected by well
LWD images and stress data helped an independent operating company optimize perforation placement and fracture stages.
Original Fracturing Stages and Perforation Clusters Designed Geometrically
Redistribution of Stages and Perforation Clusters Based on Stress and Petrophysical Data
79 GO TO TOC
Evaluate Fracture Design and Well Placement
FAYETTEVILLE 1 of 2 COMPLETION
Analyze reservoir fracturing
An operator working in the Fayetteville shale needed to better understand the fractur-
ing of the reservoir to optimize production. The operator determined that fracture
monitoring could optimize fracturing operations.
Apply innovative solution
The operator selected the StimMAP hydraulic fracture stimulation diagnostics service.
In an era of demand for technical resources, the Schlumberger integrated solution
offers industry-leading experience and expertise. StimMAP diagnostics map hydraulic
fracture systems in 3D as they are created. These measurements can be used to ensure
optimal hydraulic fracture placement and improve reservoir development. Information
collected is processed on site to refine the fracturing design for the next stage. The
service can also be used to evaluate the influence of treatment communication with
offset wells.
Challenge
Understand complex fracture
propagation in the Fayetteville
shale and use the data to refine
and improve future stage and
perforation cluster placement.
Solution
The StimMAP* hydraulic fracture
diagnostics service, which maps
hydraulic fracture systems in 3D
as they are created.
Results
Acquired a better understanding
of reservoir response to fracturing,
permitting continuous improvement
in future fracturing design and
overall reservoir management.
Map view of microseismic events from a three-stage slickwater ClearFRAC* LT
low-temperature polymer-free stimulation treatment.
Monitoring well
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
500
1,000
1,500
500 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500
Distance west-east, ft
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Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
Treatment well
Perforations
Monitoring well
Stimulation
Evaluate Fracture Design
and Well Placement
Case study: StimMAP diagnostics reveal actual
Fayetteville shale fracture geometry
80 GO TO TOC FAYETTEVILLE 2 of 2 COMPLETION
Case study: StimMAP diagnostics reveal actual
Fayetteville shale fracture geometry
Refine treatment design
StimMAP diagnostics determined that the fracture system was relatively contained within
the Fayetteville shale formation. Primary characteristic geometry reflected a complex
fracture fairway in all stages and a wider fracture fairway coverage. Overlapping was
observed between Stages 2 and 3, and communication was observed in offset wells.
Schlumberger made a number of recommendations for future operations, including
evaluation of infill well placement to prevent overlap and possible inefficient drainage;
evaluation of the production contribution of each stage to provide confirmation of the
treatment design; and the construction of a reservoir model to determine the effective
fracture length and drainage area.
The operator was entirely satisfied with the StimMAP service and now uses it for more
than 20% of all wells in the field.
StimMAP results enabled better
understanding of reservoir
response for continuous
improvement in fracturing and
overall reservoir management.
The operator was entirely
satisfied with the StimMAP
service and now uses it for
more than 20% of all wells in
the field.
06-ST-039 June 2007
Copyright 2007 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
www.slb.com/stimmap
Transverse view of microseismic locations from a three-stage slickwater ClearFRAC LT stimulation
treatment orthogonal to the preferred fracture orientation. Color-coding indicates which of the
three seismic events is responsible for each location.
81 GO TO TOC
PRODUCING SHALE PLAYS
StimMORE Service Restores Well Productivity for a
Major Barnett Shale Operator
BARNETT 1 of 2 PRODUCTION
Challenge
Refracture existing horizontal
wells in the Barnett Shale
to improve declining well
performance.
Solution
to refracture and achieve
good zonal coverage without
mechanical intervention.
Results
Improved well estimated ultimate
recovery (EUR) by 20%.
StimMORE Service Restores Well Productivity
for a Major Barnett Shale Operator
Case study: Integrated approach to well stimulation improves
EUR by 20%
A vastly unexploited option
Horizontal well completions in the complex Barnett Shale reservoir have increased steadily
in recent years, and the standard completion method is placing multiple transverse fracture
treatments across the wellbore. A typical first-year average gas production decline is more
than 50%, making completions in this reservoir good candidates for restimulation. Finding
an economically feasible way to reenter the well and place multiple fractures in the
wellbore is another limiting factor in the refracturing treatments that are undertaken today.
To access trapped gas reserves, a major operator in the Barnett Shale collaborated with
Schlumberger to develop a technique to refracture a horizontal well in the Barnett Shale.
After an initial gas production of approximately 2,200 Mcf/d, well performance declined to less
than 500 Mcf/d in 4 years. However, microseismic monitoring of the original stimulation
treatments confirmed the opportunity to contact more of the reservoir rock.
Refracturing improves well productivity and increases ultimate recovery.
Pittard 6H Production Comparison
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Time/Days
G
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a
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Original Production
Log. (Re-frac Production)
Log. (Original Production)
Re-frac Production
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Gas Production After Refracturing
6/28/03 8/1/04 9/5/05 10/10/06 11/14/07 12/18/08 1/22/10
Time, d
G
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R
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M
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d
Stimulation
82 GO TO TOC BARNETT 2 of 2 PRODUCTION
Case study: Integrated approach to well stimulation
improves EUR by 20%
An integrated approach to refracturing
The operator selected the Schlumberger StimMORE refracturing service for this treatment.
The StimMORE service combines a unique fluid-based, tool-free fracture diversion
technology with StimMAP LIVE real-time fracture monitoring.
The diversion slurries consisted of a multicomponent blend of degradable materials that
temporarily block fractures, diverting fluid flow and inducing the creation of additional
fractures in situ and/or at the wellbore. StimMAP LIVE diagnostics were used during the
treatment to confirm the lateral section that the stimulation fluids contacted, and four
diversion plugs were pumped to maximize lateral coverage.
Cost-effective completion and increased recovery
This new approach to refracturing
improved well economics by avoiding costly
intervention techniques and optimizing
stimulation treatment in real time. Based
on the estimated production decline,
the operator expects payback for the
stimulation treatment within 6 months.
More importantly, over a 20-year time
period, recoverable reserves are expected to
increase by 20%.
StimMORE service is part of the dynamic category of the Contact* staged fracturing and
completion services. These technologies maximize reservoir contact by offering the most
efficient and effective services for each well. The Contact dynamic category offers fluid-
based and tool-free fracturing of multiple stages in one continuous operation. Contact
services can be enhanced with real-time measurement options.
StimMORE service, which
combines fluid-based, tool-
free fracture diversion
technology with StimMAP
LIVE real-time data, enabled
efficient and cost-effective
completion of the previously
unstimulated well sections.
The graphs show stimulation results using conventional treatment methods and the results
using the StimMORE service.
2,400
1,600
800
0
-800
2,400
1,600
800
0
-800
-2,800 -2,000 -1,200 -400 400 -2,800 -2,000 -1,200 -400 400
West-East Distance, ft
S
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Projected recovery comparison over 20 years.
Without refracturing
With refracturing
3 0 6 9 12
Time, years
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g
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M
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15 18 21
0
1,000
2,000
3,000

83 GO TO TOC
StimMORE Service Increases EUR in Barnett Shale
Well by 0.25 Bcf
BARNETT 1 of 2 PRODUCTION
Challenge
Stimulate the nonproducing heel
section of a horizontal Barnett
Shale gas well.
Solution
to increase stimulation coverage
of the lateral and bring the
targeted zones to production.
Results
Increased lateral coverage by
25%, resulting in a production
increase from 500 Mcf/d
to 1,200 Mcf/d. Increased
estimated ultimate recovery
(EUR) by 0.25 Bcf.
StimMORE Service Increases EUR
in Barnett Shale Well by 0.25 Bcf
of nearly threefold
Reservoir stimulation in the Barnett Shale
Horizontal completions in the complex Barnett Shale reservoir have increased steadily
over the years. The standard completion method in this area is to place multiple transverse
fracture treatments across the wellbore. However, declining gas production continues to
be a problem with a typical first-year average production decline of more than 50%. As a
result, these wells generally need to be refractured within 5 years of the initial completion.
Finding an economically feasible way to reenter the well and place multiple fractures in the
wellbore is a limiting factor in the number of refracturing treatments that are done today.
The initial completion of a horizontal cased hole gas well completed in January 2005
consisted of 4 fracture stages across a total of 16 perforation intervals between 7,396 ft and
9,853 ft. Each fracture stage was separated by a mechanical bridge plug.
The well initially produced approximately 4 MMcf/d of gas, but by January 2006, production
had declined by almost half. Microseismic data indicated less than optimal reservoir
stimulation during the third and fourth fracture stages of the original treatment. Production
logs from May 2006 and September 2007 also indicated that a significant portion of the
reservoir in the heel section of the well was not producing.
Comparison of microseismic activity before and after the StimMORE refracturing treatment.
-3,000
0
-750
-1,500
-2,250
-2,250 -1,500 -750 0 -3,000
0
-750
-1,500
-2,250
-2,250 -1,500 -750 0
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Distance, ft
Stimulation
84 BARNETT 2 of 2 PRODUCTION
of nearly threefold
The client contacted Schlumberger to design a refracturing treatment to stimulate the
nonproducing section of the reservoir.
Efficient refracturing of horizontal wellbores
StimMORE service, which incorporates StimMAP* LIVE real-time fracture monitoring
service, was selected for the treatment. The StimMORE service enables efficient
refracturing of horizontal wellbores to improve well productivity and well recovery.
A single-stage treatment, which required no mechanical plugs, was proposed for refracturing
the well. StimMORE diversion stages were pumped to allow for movement of the fracture
entry point along the lateral. During the treatment, multiple diversion plugs were pumped
based on feedback from the StimMAP LIVE monitoring.
Potential increase in recoverable reserves
During the refracturing treatment, a large section of the original fracture was restimulated
and microseismic data indicated that approximately 25% of new lateral was also stimulated.
More importantly, production after the treatment increased immediately from approximately
500 Mcf/d to 1,200 Mcf/d, and payout is expected within 9 months. Additionally, the treatment
is estimated to have the potential to increase recoverable reserves by 0.25 Bcf.
StimMORE service is part of the dynamic category of the Contact* four-category portfolio of
staged fracturing and completion services. These technologies maximize reservoir contact
by offering the most efficient and effective services for each well. The Contact dynamic
category offers fluid-based and tool-free fracturing of multiple stages in one continuous
operation. Contact services can be enhanced with real-time measurement options.
After the treatment, produc-
tion increased immediately
from approximately 500 Mcf/d
to 1,200 Mcf/d, and payout
is expected within 9 months.
The treatment is also expected
to increase EUR by 0.25 Bcf.
Production performance of Barnett Shale well as a result of StimMORE refracturing
treatment.
Production Performance
-500
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1,000
1500
2,000
2,500
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Production, days
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Average Daily Production

GO TO TOC
Unconventional Resources
www.slb.com/shale
Unmatched expertise in shale reservoirs
Schlumberger integrated technology offerings and expertise,
yield improved operational efficiency, enhanced production,
reduced risk, predictable results and greater economic success.
EVALUATIONMore knowledge, less uncertainty
Proper evaluation of reservoir quality and completion quality
are both essential. Selective acquisition and analysis of data
leads to less uncertainty and more informed decisions.
DRILLINGMore pay zone, less rig time
Drill higher quality, longer laterals, faster, and with greater
accuracy. Place wells in the most productive zones for
greater economic success. Optimize every aspect of your
drilling program.
COMPLETIONSMore reservoir contact, less environmental impact
Identify the most effective completion strategy to maximize
reservoir contact and reduce environmental impact.
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENTMore recovery, less footprint
Address water management challenges from provisioning and
recycling to treatment and disposal. Diagnose problems and
optimize the lifetime production of your wellsmaximizing
ultimate recovery with fewer wells and fewer interventions.

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Schlumberger Shale Successes Volume 1

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Unconventional Resources

Consortium members immediately used these findings to optimize

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