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    This document provides data for verifying current transformers used for differential protection of a transformer. It includes transformer ratings, current transformer specifications, cable parameters, and calculations of full load and maximum fault currents, burden calculations, and verification that the driving voltages remain below the current transformers' voltage limits to ensure accuracy. Key calculations shown include primary and secondary currents, burden resistances, driving voltages at full load and maximum fault conditions, and ensuring the driving voltages are below the voltage limits for the accuracy class of the current transformers.

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    Calculation for CTs Used in Differential Protection

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    This document provides data for verifying current transformers used for differential protection of a transformer. It includes transformer ratings, current transformer specifications, cable parameters, and calculations of full load and maximum fault currents, burden calculations, and verification that the driving voltages remain below the current transformers' voltage limits to ensure accuracy. Key calculations shown include primary and secondary currents, burden resistances, driving voltages at full load and maximum fault conditions, and ensuring the driving voltages are below the voltage limits for the accuracy class of the current transformers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    505 views7 pages

    Calculation For CTs Used in Differential Protection

    Uploaded by

    pokiri
    This document provides data for verifying current transformers used for differential protection of a transformer. It includes transformer ratings, current transformer specifications, cable parameters, and calculations of full load and maximum fault currents, burden calculations, and verification that the driving voltages remain below the current transformers' voltage limits to ensure accuracy. Key calculations shown include primary and secondary currents, burden resistances, driving voltages at full load and maximum fault conditions, and ensuring the driving voltages are below the voltage limits for the accuracy class of the current transformers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    VERIFICATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION APPLICATIONS

    TRANSFORMER GENERAL DATA:

    KVA:
    Z%:
    Vp (V):
    Vs (V):
    Tap min (%):
    Tap max (%):

    30000
    10
    34500
    6300
    -5
    5

    Rated Power
    Impedance in %
    Primary Voltage in Volts
    Secondary Voltage in Volts
    Minimum Tap in %
    Maximum Tap in %

    TRANSFORMER PRIMARY SIDE:


    CT Primary Amps / CT Secondary Amps
    CTp Ratio:
    600 5
    VAprim:
    50
    CT Rated Power
    Class:
    5P20
    Accuracy %, Type (P,C), Limit Factor (Maximum CT times to satisfy accuracy). Eg. 10P20
    RCTp ():
    0.648
    CT Resistance in ohms
    LCTp (m):
    Cross Section
    (mm2):

    800

    Cable Length from CT to Protective relay (in meters)

    16

    Cable cross section (in mm2)

    TRANSFORMER SECONDARY SIDE:


    CT Primary Amps / CT Secondary Amps
    CTs Ratio:
    3000 5
    VAsec:
    15
    CT Rated Power
    Class:
    5P20
    Accuracy %, Type (P,C), Limit Factor (Maximum CT times to satisfy accuracy). Eg. 10P20
    RCTs ():
    1.13
    CT Resistance in ohms
    LCTs (m):
    Cross Section
    (mm2):

    20

    Cable Length from CT to Protective relay (in meters)

    Cable cross section (in mm2)

    PROTECTION RELAY DATA:


    RELAY:
    ABB REF-542 Relay model (For information only)
    RELAY
    0.1
    Relay Burden in VA
    BURDEN (VA):
    MAXIMUM EXTERNAL FAULT. CURRENT THROUGH:
    Current seen by:
    Shortcircuit at:
    HV Side
    LV Side
    PRIMARY SIDE (A):
    3000
    8000
    SECONDARY SIDE (A):
    800
    15000

    1) UNIT VALUES
    Primary Current Full Load
    Ip = KVA/(3*Vp/1000)
    Ip =
    502.04
    A

    Ip_pu =
    Ip_pu =

    Ip/CTp
    4.1837

    Secondary Current Full Load


    Is = KVA/(3*Vs/1000)
    Is =
    2749.29
    A

    Is_pu =
    Is_pu =

    Is/CTs
    4.5821

    Primary Current Maximum Fault Current through


    Ifp = Max [Ifault prim, Ifault sec]
    Ifp_pu =
    Ifp =
    3000
    A
    Ifp_pu =

    Ifp/CTp
    25.0000

    Secondary Current Maximum Fault Current through


    Ifs = Max [Ifault prim, Ifault sec]
    Ifs_pu =
    Ifs =
    15000
    A
    Ifs_pu =

    Ifs/CTp
    25.0000

    2) BURDEN CALCULATIONS
    Primary Lead Resistance
    RPkm
    1.15
    (ohms/Km):
    Rp () =

    2 * LCTp * RPkm/1000

    Secondary Lead Resistance


    RSkm
    3.08
    (ohms/Km):
    Rs () =

    [Obtained from cooper cable data table]


    Rp () =

    1.84

    2 * LCTs * RSkm/1000

    Rs () =

    0.1232

    Rrelay () =

    0.004

    Bprimary () =

    1.844

    (ICT_sec2): 1A or 5 A

    Total External Resistance Burden


    Rp + Rrelay

    Ip_pu2 * Rp
    (VA) =

    32.206

    Rs_VA @
    FLC =

    Is_pu2 * Rs
    (VA) =

    2.587

    [Obtained from cooper cable data table]

    Relay Resistance
    Rrelay () =
    VArelay/(ICT_sec2)

    Bprimary () =

    Rp_VA @
    FLC =

    Bsecondary () = Rs + Rrelay

    Bsecondary () = 0.1272

    3) CALCULATION OF CT BURDEN AND DRIVING VOLTAGES


    3a) FULL LOAD OPERATION
    Driving Voltage. Primary side
    Vsp (V) =
    (Bprimary + RCTp) * Ip_pu

    Vsp (V) =

    Driving Voltage. Secondary side


    Vss (V) =
    (Bsecondary + RCTs) * Is_pu

    Vss (V) =

    5.761

    Driving Voltage. Primary side


    Vsfp (V) =
    (Bprimary + RCTp) * Ifp_pu

    Vsfp (V) =

    62.300

    Voltage accross CT terminals for


    maximum through current on primary
    side

    Driving Voltage. Secondary side


    Vsfs (V) =
    (Bsecondary + RCTs) * Ifs_pu

    Vsfs (V) =

    31.430

    Voltage accross CT terminals for


    maximum through current on
    secondary side

    10.426
    Voltage accross CT terminals during
    Full Load operation on primary and
    secondary sides

    3b) EXTERNAL FAULT OPERATION

    3c) CT VOLTAGE AND BURDEN LIMITS


    Primary side
    Accuracy:
    Type:
    Limit Factor:

    5
    P
    20

    P: Protection; C: Metering

    2
    Zbprim Max () =VAprim/ICT_sec
    Vacr_prim (V) = Limit Factor * Zbprim * ICT_sec

    Secondary side
    Accuracy:
    Type:
    Limit Factor:

    5
    P
    20

    Maximum CT voltage accros


    terminals to guarantee rated accuracy
    (error)

    Zbprim () = 2.000
    Vacr_prim (V) = 200.0

    P: Protection; C: Metering

    2
    Zbsec Max () = VAsec/ICT_sec
    Vacr_sec (V) =
    Limit Factor * Zbsec * ICT_sec

    Maximum CT voltage accros


    terminals to guarantee rated accuracy
    (error)

    Zbsec () = 0.600
    Vacr_sec (V) = 60.0

    RESULTS: BURDEN AND VOLTAGE COMPARISON


    Primary side
    CT Limit Zb ()

    2
    Vacr_prim Limit(V)
    200

    Bprimary ()
    1.844
    Vsfp (V)
    62.3

    OK. Primary Burden is lower than CT limit

    OK. Driving voltage is lower than Vacr limit

    Secondary side
    0.6

    Bsecondary ()
    0.1272

    Vacr_sec Limit (V)

    Vsfp (V)

    60

    31.43

    CT Limit Zb ()

    OK. secondary Burden is lower than CT limit

    OK. Driving voltage is lower than Vacr limit

    CALCULATED BY:
    DATE:

    LUIS FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ


    MAR. 22, 2007

    REV. 00

    VERIFICATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION APPLICATION

    GENERATOR GENERAL DATA:


    KVA:
    30000
    VOLTAGE (V):
    11000

    Rated Power in KVA


    Rated Voltage in Volts

    GENERATOR LINE SIDE:


    CT Primary Amps / CT Secondary Amps
    CTL Ratio:
    2000 5
    VALine:
    50
    CT Rated Power
    Class:
    5P20
    Accuracy %, Type (P,C), Limit Factor (Maximum CT times to satisfy accuracy). Eg. 10P20
    RCTL ():
    0.8
    CT Resistance in ohms
    LCTL (m):
    Cross Section
    (mm2):

    400

    Cable Length from CT to Protective relay (in meters)

    10

    Cable cross section (in mm 2)

    GENERATOR NEUTRAL SIDE:


    CTN Ratio:
    2000
    VANeutral:
    50
    Class:
    5P20
    RCTN ():
    0.8
    LCTN (m):
    Cross Section
    (mm2):

    CT Primary Amps / CT Secondary Amps


    5
    CT Rated Power
    Accuracy %, Type (P,C), Limit Factor (Maximum CT times to satisfy accuracy). Eg. 10P20
    CT Resistance in ohms

    400

    Cable Length from CT to Protective relay (in meters)

    10

    Cable cross section (in mm 2)

    PROTECTION RELAY DATA:


    RELAY:
    ABB REF-542 Relay model (For information only)
    RELAY BURDEN
    0.1
    Relay Burden in VA
    (VA):
    MAXIMUM EXTERNAL FAULT. CURRENT THROUGH:
    External Shortcircuit (A)
    8000

    Maximum Generator contribution to external shortcircuits

    1) UNIT VALUES
    Generator Full Load Current
    Igen = KVA/(3*Vp/1000)
    Igen =
    1574.59
    A

    IL_pu =
    IL_pu =

    Maximum through Fault Current for external shortcircuits


    Ies = Ext. Shortcircuit
    IesL_pu =
    Ies =
    8000
    A
    IesL_pu =

    Igen/CTL
    3.9365

    IN_pu =
    IN_pu =

    Igen/CTN
    3.9365

    Ies/CTL
    20.0000

    IesN_pu =
    IesN_pu =

    Ies/CTN
    20.0000

    2) BURDEN CALCULATIONS
    Line Lead Resistance
    RLkm
    1.83
    (ohms/Km):
    RL () =

    2 * LCTL * RLkm/1000

    Secondary Lead Resistance


    RNkm
    1.83
    (ohms/Km):
    RN () =

    [Obtained from cooper cable data table]


    1.464

    RL_VA @
    FLC =

    IL_pu2 * RL
    (VA) =

    22.686

    RN_VA @
    FLC =

    N_pu2 * RN
    (VA) =

    22.686

    [Obtained from cooper cable data table]

    2 * LCTN * RNkm/1000

    Relay Resistance
    Rrelay () =
    VArelay/(ICT_sec2)

    RL () =

    RN () =

    1.464

    Rrelay () =

    0.004

    (ICT_sec2): 1A or 5 A

    Line CT Resistance
    RCTL () =
    0.8
    Neutral CT Resistance
    RCTN () =
    0.8

    Total External Resistance Burden


    BLine () =

    RL + Rrelay

    BLine () =

    1.468

    BNeutral () =

    Rs + Rrelay

    BNeutral () =

    1.468

    3) CALCULATION OF CT BURDEN AND DRIVING VOLTAGES


    3a) FULL LOAD OPERATION
    Driving Voltage. Line side
    VsL (V) =
    (BLine + RCTL) * IL_pu

    VsL (V) =

    Driving Voltage. Neutral side


    VsN (V) =
    (BNeutral + RCTN) * IN_pu

    VsN (V) =

    8.928

    Driving Voltage. Primary side


    VsfL (V) =
    (BLine + RCTL) * IfL_pu

    VsfL (V) =

    45.360

    Voltage accross CT terminals for


    maximum through current on line side

    Driving Voltage. Secondary side


    VsfN (V) =
    (BNeutral + RCTN) * IfN_pu

    VsfN (V) =

    45.360

    Voltage accross CT terminals for


    maximum through current on neutral
    side

    8.928
    Voltage accross CT terminals during
    Full Load operation on Line and
    Neutral sides

    3b) EXTERNAL FAULT OPERATION

    3c) CT VOLTAGE AND BURDEN LIMITS


    Line side
    Accuracy:
    Type:
    Limit Factor:

    5
    P
    20

    P: Protection; C: Metering

    ZbLine Max () = VALine/ICT_sec2


    Vacr_Line (V) = Limit Factor * ZbLine * ICT_sec

    Neutral side
    Accuracy:
    Type:
    Limit Factor:

    5
    P
    20

    ZbLine () = 2.000
    Vacr_Line (V) = 200.0

    Maximum CT voltage accros


    terminals to guarantee rated accuracy
    (error)

    P: Protection; C: Metering

    ZbNeutral Max () = VANeutral/ICT_sec2


    Vacr_Neutral (V) = Limit Factor * ZbNeutral * ICT_sec

    ZbNeutral () = 2.000
    Vacr_Neutral (V) = 200.0

    Maximum CT voltage accros


    terminals to guarantee rated accuracy
    (error)

    RESULTS: BURDEN AND VOLTAGE COMPARISON


    Line side
    CT Limit Zb ()

    2
    Vacr_Line Limit(V)
    200

    BLine ()
    1.468

    OK. Line Burden is lower than CT limit

    VsfL (V)
    45.36

    OK. Driving voltage is lower than Vacr limit

    Neutral side
    2

    BNeutral ()
    1.468

    Vacr_Neutral Limit (V)

    VsfN (V)

    200

    45.36

    CT Limit Zb ()

    OK. Neutral Burden is lower than CT limit

    OK. Driving voltage is lower than Vacr limit

    CALCULATED BY:
    DATE:

    LUIS FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ


    MAR. 22, 2007

    REV. 00

    VERIFICATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR MOTOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION APPLICATION

    MOTOR GENERAL DATA:


    KW:
    1000
    VOLTAGE (V):
    11000
    FLA (A)
    150
    LRA [Times FLA]
    6.5
    MOTOR LINE SIDE:
    CTL Ratio:
    VALine:
    Class:
    RCTL ():

    15
    5P20
    0.2

    LCTL (m):
    Cross Section
    (mm2):

    Rated Power in KW (Only for information. Not required for calculations)


    Rated Voltage in Volts (Only for information. Not required for calculations)
    Full Load current in amperes
    Locked Rotor curren in multiples of FLA

    CT Primary Amps / CT Secondary Amps


    200 5
    CT Rated Power
    Accuracy %, Type (P,C), Limit Factor (Maximum CT times to satisfy accuracy). Eg. 10P20
    CT Resistance in ohms

    300

    Cable Length from CT to Protective relay (in meters)

    16

    Cable cross section (in mm 2)

    MOTOR NEUTRAL SIDE:


    CT Primary Amps / CT Secondary Amps
    CTN Ratio:
    200 5
    VANeutral:
    15
    CT Rated Power
    Class:
    5P20
    Accuracy %, Type (P,C), Limit Factor (Maximum CT times to satisfy accuracy). Eg. 10P20
    RCTN ():
    0.2
    CT Resistance in ohms
    LCTN (m):
    Cross Section
    (mm2):

    300

    Cable Length from CT to Protective relay (in meters)

    16

    Cable cross section (in mm 2)

    PROTECTION RELAY DATA:


    RELAY:
    ABB REF-542 Relay model (For information only)
    RELAY BURDEN
    0.1
    Relay Burden in VA
    (VA):
    STARTING CURRENT. CURRENT THROUGH:
    External Shortcircuit (A)

    Maximum current through

    975

    1) UNIT VALUES
    Motor Full Load Current

    FLA =

    150.00

    FLAL_pu =
    IL_pu =

    FLA/CTL
    3.7500

    FLAN_pu = FLA/CTN
    IN_pu =
    3.7500

    975

    LRAL_pu =
    IesL_pu =

    LRA/CTL
    24.3750

    LRAN_pu = LRA/CTN
    IesN_pu =
    24.3750

    Motor Starting current

    LRA =

    2) BURDEN CALCULATIONS
    Line Lead Resistance
    RLkm
    1.15
    (ohms/Km):
    RL () =

    2 * LCTL * RLkm/1000

    Secondary Lead Resistance


    RNkm
    1.15
    (ohms/Km):
    RN () =

    [Obtained from cooper cable data table]


    0.69

    RL_VA @
    FLA =

    IL_pu2 * RL
    (VA) =

    9.703

    RN_VA @
    FLA =

    N_pu2 * RN
    (VA) =

    9.703

    [Obtained from cooper cable data table]

    2 * LCTN * RNkm/1000

    Relay Resistance
    Rrelay () =
    VArelay/(ICT_sec2)

    RL () =

    RN () =

    0.69

    Rrelay () =

    0.004

    (ICT_sec2): 1A or 5 A

    Line CT Resistance
    RCTL () =
    0.2
    Neutral CT Resistance
    RCTN () =
    0.2

    Total External Resistance Burden


    BLine () =

    RL + Rrelay

    BLine () =

    0.694

    BNeutral () =

    Rs + Rrelay

    BNeutral () =

    0.694

    3) CALCULATION OF CT BURDEN AND DRIVING VOLTAGES


    3a) FULL LOAD OPERATION
    Driving Voltage. Line side
    VsL (V) =
    (BLine + RCTL) * IL_pu

    VsL (V) =

    Driving Voltage. Neutral side


    VsN (V) =
    (BNeutral + RCTN) * IN_pu

    VsN (V) =

    3.353

    Driving Voltage. Primary side


    VsfL (V) =
    (BLine + RCTL) * IfL_pu

    VsfL (V) =

    21.791

    Voltage accross CT terminals during


    motor starting on line side

    Driving Voltage. Secondary side


    VsfN (V) =
    (BNeutral + RCTN) * IfN_pu

    VsfN (V) =

    21.791

    Voltage accross CT terminals during


    motor starting on neutral side

    3.353
    Voltage accross CT terminals during
    Full Load operation on Line and
    Neutral sides

    3b) EXTERNAL FAULT OPERATION

    3c) CT VOLTAGE AND BURDEN LIMITS


    Line side
    Accuracy:
    Type:
    Limit Factor:

    5
    P
    20

    P: Protection; C: Metering

    ZbLine Max () = VALine/ICT_sec2


    Vacr_Line (V) = Limit Factor * ZbLine * ICT_sec

    Neutral side
    Accuracy:
    Type:
    Limit Factor:

    5
    P
    20

    ZbLine () = 0.600
    Vacr_Line (V) = 60.0

    Maximum CT voltage accros


    terminals to guarantee rated accuracy
    (error)

    P: Protection; C: Metering

    ZbNeutral Max () = VANeutral/ICT_sec2


    Vacr_Neutral (V) = Limit Factor * ZbNeutral * ICT_sec

    ZbNeutral () = 0.600
    Vacr_Neutral (V) = 60.0

    Maximum CT voltage accros


    terminals to guarantee rated accuracy
    (error)

    RESULTS: BURDEN AND VOLTAGE COMPARISON


    Line side
    CT Limit Zb ()

    BLine ()

    0.6

    0.694

    Vacr_Line Limit(V)

    VsfL (V)

    60

    21.79125

    WRONG. Line Burden is higher than CT limit

    OK. Driving voltage is lower than Vacr limit

    Neutral side
    CT Limit Zb ()

    BNeutral ()

    0.6

    0.694

    Vacr_Neutral Limit (V)

    VsfN (V)

    60

    21.79125

    WRONG. Neutral Burden is higher than CT limit

    OK. Driving voltage is lower than Vacr limit

    CALCULATED BY:
    DATE:

    LUIS FERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ


    MAR. 22, 2007

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