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1.
Assuming only quantum noise on the signal, the SNR at the receiver is given
by :
Po
S
N
2hfB
Po
S 2hfB
S 2hcB 10 4 2 6.626 10 34 2.998 10 8 10 6 30
N
N
0.7 0.9 10 6
189.2nW or 37.2dBm
2.
2.01A
hf
hc
6.626 10 34 2.998 10 8
b) Assuming the quantum noise is shot noise, the quantum noise current is
i s2 3.59nA
3.
1
2R L C d
RL
1
1
994.7
2BC d
2 20 10 6 8 10 12
3.31 10 16 A 2
RL
994.7
2
t
it2 18.19nA
c) The mean square noise current resulting from the dark current in the
device :
2
t
it2 80 pA
Ip
i s2 i d2 it2
2.01 10 6
8 10 11 18.19 10 9
3.59 10 9
2.01 10 6
20 log10
21.86 10 9
39.3dB
4.
1
1
2RTL CT
2RTL (C d C a )
RTL
1
1
530.5
2B (C d C a ) 2 20 10 6 15 10 12
RTL
R L Ra
Ra R L
R L Ra RTL Ra RTL R L
Ra
b)
RTL R L
530.5 994.7
1.137k
R L RTL 994.7 530.5
I p2
4 KTBFn
2eBI p
RTL
I p2 2eB(
4 KTBFn S
S
)I p
( ) 0
N
RTL
N
S
) 2 1.602 10 19 20 10 6 10 5 64.08 10 8
N
4 KTBFn S
4 1.381 10 23 298 20 10 6 10 5
( )
62.06 10 12
RTL
N
530.5
2eB(
I p2 64.08 10 8 I p 62.06 10 12 0
64.08 10 8 (64.08 10 12 ) 2 (4 62.06 10 12 )
2
8
6
64.08 10 15.77 10
Ip
2
Ip
Po
5.
I p hf
I p hc
I p2
S
N
2eB( I p I d )
I p RPo
RPo
S
(0.6 10 6 ) 2
N
2eB( RPo I d ) 2 1.602 10 19 10 8 (0.6 10 6 0.5 10 6 )
S
1.02 10 4 or 40.1dB
N
6.
1
2RL C d
RL
1
1
3.183k
2BC d
2 25 10 6 2 10 12
Ip
4 KT
xeRL I p
4 KT
2.3
xeRL M op
2
M op
I p2
2 .3
2eBI p M op
4 KTB
RL
2
4 KT
M
2 .3
xeRL M opt
S
N
4 KT 4 KTB
2 .3
2eBM opt
2 .3
RL
xeR L M opt
2
opt
4 KT
2.6
M opt
xeR
S
L
2eB 4 KT 4 KTB
N
xeRL
RL
2
4 KT 1
M 2.6
R xe
S
L
2B
N
B
x
2
2.6
M op
4 KT 1
R L xe
S 2
B( ) 1
N x
M op
4 KT 1 2 2.6
R L xe
S 2
B( ) 1
N x
4 KT
4 1.381 10 23 290
503.3 10 26
3
RL
3.183 10
2
1
1
38
xe 0.3 1.602 10 19 4.329 10
S 2
B ( ) 1 25 10 6 199.5
1 3.824 1010
N x
0.3
Hence, M op
67.47
3.824 1010
Ip
4 KT
4 1.381 10 23 290
6.50nA
2.3
xeR L M opt
0.3 1.602 10 19 3.183 10 3 (67.47) 2.3
Po
hfI p
e
hcI p
e
7.
a) Id = 0 and Fn = 1 so that,
S
M 2 I p2
2eBI p M 2 x
4 KTB
RL
1.258 10 16
3
RL
3.183 10
S
(33.74) 2 (6.5 10 9 ) 2
26.30 or 14.2dB
N
(1.703 0.126) 10 15
S
4 KTB S
)I p
( ) 0
N
RL
N
S
4 KTB S
)I p
( ) 0
N
RL M 2 N
S
) 2 1.602 10 19 25 10 6 (33.74) 0.3 199.5 4.592 10 9
N
4 KTB S
4 1.381 10 23 290 25 10 6 199.5
(
)
2.205 10 17
RL M 2 N
3.183 10 3 (33.74) 2
2eBM 0.3 (
I p2 4.592 10 9 I p 2.205 10 17 0
Ip
Ip = 7.52nA
The incident optical power required to restore the SNR to 23dB :
Po
8.
hfI p
e
hcI p
e
RL
1
1
94.7
2BC d
2 560 10 6 3 10 12
4 KT
4 1.381 10 23 250
910.3
xeRL ( I p I d ) 1.602 10 19 94.7 10 10 7
M op 9.69
M 2 I p2
2eB ( I p I d ) M 3
4 KTB
RL
8.166 10 14
RL
94.7
S
(9.69) 2 (8 10 7 ) 2
245.3 or 23.9dB
N
2.450 10 13
9.
1
1
47.4
2B(C d C a ) 2 560 10 6 6 10 12
3
M op
4 KTFn
4 1.381 10 23 250 2
3.637 10 3
xeRL ( I p I d ) 1.602 10 19 47.4 10 10 7
M op 15.38
M 2 I p2
S
N
2eB ( I p I d ) M 3 4 KTBFn
2eB( I p I d ) M 3 2 1.602 10 19 560 10 6 10 10 7 3.637 10 3 6.526 10 13
4 KTBFn
4 1.381 10 23 250 560 10 6 2
3.263 10 13
RL
47.4
S
(15.38) 2 (8 10 7 ) 2
154.7 or 21.9dB
N
9.789 10 12
10.
I p2
2eB ( I p I d )
4 KTB
Rf
4 KTB S
S
S
)I p
( ) 2eBI d ( ) 0
N
N
N
Rf
5.5
5
55dB 10 3.162 10
I p2 2eB(
2eB(
S
) 2 1.602 10 19 10 7 3.162 10 5 1.013 10 7
N
4 KTB S
4 1.381 10 23 295 10 7 3.162 10 5
( )
1.030 10 12
Rf
N
50 10 3
2eBI d (
S
) 2 1.602 10 19 10 7 0.5 10 9 3.162 10 5 5.066 10 16
N
The last term is far smaller than the term involving thermal noise and
hence is neglected.
I p2 1.013 10 6 I p 1.030 10 12 0
1.013 10 6 1.026 10 12 ( 4 1.030 10 12 )
I
p
Thus;
2
1.013 10 6 2.268 10 6
2
1.64 A
Po
I p hc
4.90 W or 23.1dBm
e
0.5 0.83 10 6 1.602 10 19
G
32
14.56MHz
2R f CT
2 50 10 3 7 10 12