Communication System Planning

Passive Optical Networks

TE47 C,D- Spring 2014
LEC MOI Z AHMED PI RKANI
Why PON as access technology
Advantages of PONs
PON Standardization
WDM PONs
Advantages of WDM PONs
Limitations of Current Access
Technologies
May suffer bottlenecks in bandwidth-on-demand
performance and service range
Cable networks are susceptible to ingress noise;
DSL systems can be plagued with significant crosstalk;
Unprotected broadcast wireless links are prone to security
breach and interference.
Downstream transmission rate tends to be much
higher than the upstream link
Restricts Internet applications to mostly Web browsing and
file downloads.
Passive Optical Networks (PONs)
Optical access networks such as PONs
Offer symmetrical data transmission on both the upstream
and downstream links;
Allow end user to provide Internet services e.g.,
music/video file sharing, Web hosting
Provide a good alternative and an excellent evolutionary
path for current access technologies.
Metro
Network
Optical
Line
Terminator
(OLT)
ONU
ONU
Splitter/
Combiner
Optical Access Network
DSL
Modem
Cable
Modem
Wireless
Modem
Coax
Copper
Wireless
ONU
ONU
Advantages of PONs
By using passive components (e.g., optical
splitters and couplers) and eliminating
regenerators and active equipment normally used
in fiber networks, PONs reduce installation and
maintenance costs of fiber
These costs still require laying fiber, which makes PONs
more expensive to install;
However, since fiber is not bandwidth limited but loss
limited (as opposed to copper wires, cable, and wireless),
potential performance gains and long-term prospects make
PONs well-suited for new neighborhoods or installations.
DOWN STREAM
UP STREAM
= 1260
= 1360
= 1260
= 1360
DOWN STREAM UP STREAM
= 1260 = 1360 = 1480 = 1580
DOWN
STREAM1
UP STREAM
= 1260 = 1360 = 1480 - 1500 = 1539 - 1565
DOWN
STREAM2
DOWN
STREAM1
UP STREAM
= 1260 = 1360 = 1480 - 1500 = 1550 - 1560
DOWN
STREAM2
STANDARD BAND
ENHANCED BAND (OPTION I)
ENHANCED BAND (OPTION II)
DIGITAL SERVICES
VIDEO SERVICES
Group called the Full Service Access Network (FSAN) formed by
international carriers and optical equipment vendors in 1995 developed
the APON spec and proposed it to ITU
By 1999, spec for fundamental APON had been written and approved
by ITU-T (G983.1 and G983.2/Study Group 15)
BPON term introduced to break the myth of ATM as layer 2 protocol for
APON
IEEE for Ethernet-based PON
Efforts to create an EPON standard being driven by IEEE 802.3 Study
Group
GPON, to amalgamate all standards with increased bit rates and
services
Standards are based on data rates and layer 2 protocols
Standards Summary
Standards are based on data rates and layer 2
protocols
GPON specifies all the services to be provided by
PON
GPON is still open for recommendations
There is no restriction on ARCHITECTURE and
optical technology (DWDM/CWDM/Single )
The standards dont specify anything on capacity
and number of users
APON ATM PON
FSAN established APON in mid 1990s.
In technical terms, APON supports a 20km length, downstream
information at 622 Mbps or 155Mbps, and upstream information
at 155Mbps.
The symmetrical configuration would typically be used for
business applications, while the asymmetric configuration would
be used for residential applications.
OLT
ONU
ONU
ONU
Optical
Splitter
The initial PON specifications defined by the FSAN
committee used ATM as their layer 2 signaling protocol. As
such, they became known as ATM-based PONs or APONs
Use of the term APON led users to believe that only ATM
services could be provided to end-users, so the FSAN
decided to broaden the name to Broadband PON. BPON
systems offer numerous broadband services including
Ethernet access and video distribution
BPON networks are defined by the FSAN and ITU
committees comprised of both equipment vendors and
service providers
EPON was developed by FSAN in early 2001.
Ethernet PON supports no more than 15km and 10km at 1.25 Gbps data rates.
FSAN developed GPON in 2001.
GPON provides full service support for various bit rate options using the same
protocol, including asymmetrical 622 Mbps, 1.25 Gbps, and 2.5 Gbps.
Layer 2
Protocol
Max Data Rate Reach
Downstream Upstream
APON ATM 155 or
620Mbps
155Mbps 20Km
BPON ATM 155 or
620Mbps
155Mbps
EPON Ethernet 1000Mbps 1000Mbps >= 10Km
GPON None
Specific
1.2 or
2.4Gbps
155Mbps
to 2.4Gbps
20Km
Benefits
Fast over long distance
Longer xmit distances vs copper
(5.5km vs. 20km)
Future-proof and security
Can use DWDM for higher
capacity
Cheaper than point to point
Less fiber and lasers
Passive components in outside
plant means less maintenance,
power and cost
Good for broadcasting
Applications
High-speed Internet
Video-on-Demand, HDTV,
Multimedia entertainment
VPN, Office Productivity Apps
IP Telephony
Remote learning
Aggregate other services like VDSL
Scalability
Number of Users (NW Capacity)
Flexibility
Power Budget
Cost
Distance
WDM PON makes use of CWDM or DWDM to deliver a unique wavelength to
a customer.
WDM PON typically uses arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) for virtual point-
to-point connectivity.
AWGs have a typical insertion loss of 4-5dB, and a small temperature
sensitivity of 0.011nm/
o
C.
Network Security
Upgradeability
Large Capacity
Easy management
O
L
T
TSP TSP TSP
SSP
SSP SSP
SSP
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT
ONT

down

up

UA

DA

V
O
L
T
Trunk Fiber
TSP
SSP
WSP
ONU
WSP
ONU
ONU
ONU ONU
ONU
ONU
TSP TSP
ONU
SSP
WSP
ONU
WSP
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
SSP
WSP
ONU
WSP
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
SSP
WSP
ONU
WSP
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
Feeder Fiber
Stage Fiber
Drop Fiber
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage m
Stage m-1

UA
Down Stream Wavelength
Up Stream Wavelength
Video Wavelength
Physical Fiber
All Upstream

DA

U1

D1

UG

DG
All Downstream
All Video
One Upstream
One Downstream
Group of Upstream
Group of Downstream

UG

DA

UG

DA

UG

DA

UG

DA

UG

DA

UG

DA

U1

D1

U1

D1

V
U1

D1

U1

D1

V
M-Stage
LAD
DESIGN
POWER BUDGET
Video Downstream
(20nm S/L band)
Data Downstream
(40 s C band)
Data Upstream
(40 s O band)
Power@Tx 21dBm (After EDFA) 10dBm (Without
AMP)
10dBm
OLT AWG MUX Loss - 3.5dB (1:40 AWG-
100GHz)
- (Using AMP before)
Fiber Loss 2dB
(10Km@0.2dB/Km)
2dB
(10Km@0.2dB/Km)
4dB
(10Km@0.4dB/Km)
WDM Splitter Loss 4dB (8@0.5dB) 4dB (8@0.5dB) 2dB (4@0.5dB)
Loss at Trunk Split Point
(TSP)
6dB max (5.5dB at
Stage 2&3)
6dB max(5.5dB at
Stage 2&3)
6dB max(5.5dB at
Stage 2&3)
Loss at Stage Split Point
(SSP)
17 dB(1:32 Power
Splitter )
3.5dB (1:40 AWG-
100GHz)
10dB (CAWG & 1:4
PS)
Loss at Wavelength Split
Point (WSP)
17dB (1:32 Power
Splitter )
17dB (1:32 Power
Splitter )
17dB (1:32 Power
Splitter )
Total Loss 46dB 36dB 39dB
Power@Rx -25dBm -26dBm -29dBm
Receiver Sensitivity -31dBm (@2.5Gbps) -31dBm (@2.5Gbps) -30dBm (@Amplifier)
Excess Power Margin 6dB 5dB 1dB
Flexibility
Scalability
Bandwidth on Demand
Higher Capacity
High Speed
Multiple Serving Environment
PROTOCOL CONTROLED
SUPER USERS
PREFERRED/ASSURED USERS
MULTIPLE WAVELENGTHS
Flexibility
Scalability
Bandwidth on Demand
Higher Capacity
High Speed
Multiple Serving Environment
40 Wavelengths
32 users per wavelength
40x32=1280 users/fiber
Voice, video & 75Mbps data
Flexibility
Scalability
Bandwidth on Demand
Higher Capacity
High Speed
Multiple Serving Environment
Flexibility
Scalability
Bandwidth on Demand
Higher Capacity
High Speed
Multiple Serving Environment
SERVICES
Broadband Services include:
Voice
Telephone Channels
Video
TV Channels Broadcast
Interactive Video
Data
the order of 10s of Mbps Symmetrical