Business Research Methodology

Assignment 1

Submitted to:
Prof. Aisha

Submitted by :
M.Hassan Meer (L1s12mbam0005)
Sidra Khan (L1s12mbam2011)
Zainab Azmat (L1s12mbam2014)
Bilawal Iklaq (L1s12mbam
Section:
C
Date of submission:
16
th
May,2014




Introduction
Organization development is an ongoing, systematic process of implementing effective
organizational change. Organization development is known as both a field of science focused on
understanding and managing organizational change and as a field of scientific study and inquiry.
Training and development plays a vital role in achieving goals and objectives of any
organization. Training proves to be a parameter for enhancing the ability of the workforce for
achieving the organizational objectives. Good training programs thus result in conquering of the
essential goals for an organization. Hence, training is significant for giving a dynamic approach
to the organization. Employees (teaching faculty of UCP) are always regarded with
development in career-enhancing skills which leads to employee motivation and retention.
There is no doubt that a well trained and developed staff will be a valuable asset to the
company and thereby will increase the chances of their efficiency and effectiveness in
discharging their duties. Training is a learning experience which has a capacity to make positive
changes and reach up to the desired objectives of the organization. It improves the ability of
the employee to perform the job efficiently and with excellence. Training and development
programs are the basic structural and functional foundations for the development of the
employees and organization. These foundations are important for guiding the employees
through different situations. Training and Development programs are the framework for
helping employees to develop their personal and professional skills, knowledge, and abilities.
Training imparts knowledge to the employees regarding different issues in the organization and
the proper execution of these programs result in number of benefits such as development of
profitable, adaptable as well as efficient organization and productive & contented employees. It
is useful in the following manner:
These programs develop the employee morale, increase the productivity, job
satisfaction and commitment of the employees towards the organizational goals.
These programs also aim at the progress of the individuals in their personal and
professional lives.
They improve the communication between all levels of management which helps in
minimizing conflicts between different levels of employees.
Such types of programs lead to effective negotiation and enable the designing of the
contracts which satisfy all sorts of employees.
These programs enhance efficiency of management and strengthen employee
organization.
These programs improve the leadership, problem solving, interpersonal and conflict
resolution skills of the employees.
They are important for sharpening and utilization of the employees creative and
innovative skills





Literature Review
Different scholars give their opinions regarding Training and Development
There is a saying "Tell me, and I will forget. Show me, and I may remember. Involve me, and I will understand."
According to the Michel Armstrong,
Training is systematic development of the knowledge, skills and attitudes required by an individual to perform adequately a given task or
job.
(Source: A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, Kogan Page, 8th Ed.,2001)
According to the Edwin B Flippo,
Training is the act of increasing knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job.
(Source: Personnel Management, McGraw Hill; 6th Edition, 1984)
The term training indicates the process involved in improving the aptitudes, skills and abilities of the employees to perform specific jobs.
Training helps in updating old talents and developing new ones. Successful candidates placed on the jobs need training to perform their
duties effectively.
(Source: Aswathappa, K. Human resource and Personnel Management, New Delhi: Tata
Mcgraw-Hill Publishing CompanyLimited,2000, p.189)

Silberman said:
Training is a method of enhancing human performance
Joseph E. Stiglitz:
Development is about transforming the lives of people, not just transforming economies

Mark Van Doren Pulitzer Prize winning poet and critic, (18941972), explains:
Any piece of knowledge I acquire today has a value at this moment exactly proportioned to my skill to deal with it. Tomorrow, when I
know more, I recall that piece of knowledge and use it better.
In this modern era, training and development are considered the most vital factors for any
organizations success worldwide because by investing in employee, the organization benefits


substantially in the short-term and long-term by retaining its most valuable assets. Investing in
employee on a regular basis is a paramount in maintaining or obtaining a low employee
turnover rate and motivating employees to invest more of themselves into their work,
achievements that are vital for any successful firm.
Rightly organizations are facing great pressure to change these days - to facilitate and
encourage whole-person development and fulfillment - beyond traditional training.
The biggest issue with learning is attaching a return on investment or financial measurement to
the process. With tangible items such as new machinery, software or hardware, there is usually
an identifiable financial measure like efficient production, error reduction or bringing
outsourced processes in-house.
When it comes to learning, there are no readily available facts and figures that can be drawn
upon in the same way so some organizations are not easily convinced when it comes to
investing substantial sums in learning. However, Conventional 'training' is required to cover
essential work-related skills, techniques and knowledge, and many deals with taking a positive
progressive approach to this sort of traditional 'training'.
The most effective way to develop people is quite different from conventional skills training,
which let's face it many employees regard quite negatively. They'll do it of course, but they
won't enjoy it much because it's about work, not about themselves as people. The most
effective way to develop people is instead to enable learning and personal development, with
all that this implies.

Training and Development Is the Key
The science of psychology is heavily involved with human training and development.
Learning and development helps organizations build and maintain internal capabilities so
they can successfully execute their strategies.
It includes:
The identification of key employee skills and abilities and the methods for teaching and
acquiring them.
Training program design and delivery.
Leadership assessment and development programs.
Internal and external executive coaching.
The metrics used to assess each of these programs.
Published: 26 October 2008

Competition is increasing day by day in the local and international market and the demand for
executives who can manage the resources effectively and efficiently is on an upward trend.


The idea of the Training and Development Center in UCP is to train employees and
organizations in a way that they can position themselves among the top echelons in the local and
international market. It analyzes the training needs of the organizations and provides the training
of the latest management paradigms and customized training modules which are client oriented,
focusing on specialized capacity building.
UCP has established an Executive Development Division to train people according to the market
requirements. The Executive Development Division is performing the following:
Training
o Public Sector
o Private Sector
Training on Wheels
Customized Module Development and training on clients premises
Specialized courses
Seminars, conferences, symposiums and workshops
Training and Development is an increasingly prevalent phenomenon in Pakistan. Therefore it is
very important for all the good organizations to include training and development division.
Training and Development Division at Training and Development Center is adding up to the
overall performance of the organization by conducting research, surveys and multifarious studies
for public and private sectors and donor agencies against remuneration.
Richard Mitchell from Excitech takes a look at Autodesks recently launched Certification
Program and the benefits that it can bring to both an organisation and its most important
assets its employees.
The advances in technology and changes in the organizational infrastructure put an increased emphasis
on teamwork within the workforce. Workers need to be able to think creatively, solve problems, and
make decisions as a team. Therefore, the development and enhancement of critical-thinking skills
through collaborative learning is one of the primary goals of technology education. The present research
was designed to study the effectiveness of collaborative learning as it relates to learning outcomes at
the college level, for students in technology.
Bell and Gilbert (2004:11) while exploring its constructivist view, described teaching in higher education
as helping the students to reflect on their own learning, in terms of both the degree of understanding
of content and ways of thinking and learning and assessing the change and growth in students ideas, as
well as the extent to which they had learnt the ideas
This multidimensionality of university teaching demands highly skilled faculty but, in case of Pakistan,
most of the times teachers enter in this profession without any formal training and usually inadequate
development facilities are available to them.
Resultantly, higher education institutions are performing unsatisfactorily increasing stakeholders
demand for improvement through continuous participation of teachers in teaching development


activities to avoid their obsolescence (Cambline & Steger, 2000) and churning out faculty and university
productive (Bell & Gilbert, 2004: Formo & Reed, 2008).
The overall aim of this literature review is to understand the contribution that teacher education can make
to the quality and effectiveness of the educational experience and wider personal development of young
people, drawing on effective practice.
Most of the work covered in this review has focused on teacher learning and development, because so
little has been done that links teacher education directly to pupil outcomes and pupils wider personal
development. Indeed connecting that teacher learning perspective to the educational experience and
wider personal development of young people is rarely an explicit part of the work reviewed here. This
review has not considered what might be learned from looking at other professions, but that would appear
to be another important avenue for development.

http://www.isca.in/rjrs/archive/v3/i2/1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-381.pdf
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JTE/v7n1/gokhale.jte-v7n1.html
http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/ier/PDF-
FILES/005%20Assessing%20Need%20for%20Teaching%20Development%20of%20Faculty%20at
%20Universities%20of%20Pakistan.pdf

significance of training and development programmes in Pakistan