Thermochemistry

Heat of Precipitation
Question 1
100 cm
3
of 1 mol dm
-3
barium chloride solution, BaCl
2
, is mixed with 100 cm
3
of 1 mol dm
-3

sodium sulphate solution, Na
2
SO
4
, to form precipitate, barium sulphate. The mixture is stirred
well before measuring the temperature.
The thermochemical equation for the precipitation of barium sulphate is given as:
Ba
2+
(aq) + SO
4
2-
(aq) BaSO
4
(s) ; H = -42kJ
Calculate
(a) The quantity of heat given off in the reaction
(b) The maximum temperature change of the mixture
[Specific heat capacity of reaction mixture,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of reaction mixture, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 2
25 cm
3
of 0.5 mol dm
-3
sodium chloride solution was mixed with 25 cm
3
of 0.5 mol dm
-3
silver
nitrate solution. The temperature of the reaction mixture rose from 28
o
C to 31.9
o
C. Determine
the heat of precipitation of silver chloride, AgCl and construct the energy level diagram of the
precipitation reaction.
[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 3
Calculate the highest temperature reached when 50 cm
3
of 2 mol dm
-3
calcium chloride, CaCl
2

solution reacts with 50 cm
3
of 2 mol dm
-3
sodium carbonate, Na
2
CO
3
solution. The initial
temperature of both the solution is 29
o
C. The thermochemical equation for the precipitation of
calcium carbonate is:
Ca
2+
(aq) + CO
3
2-
(aq) CaCO
3
(s) ; H = +12kJ mol
-1

[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 4
The heat of precipitation of lead(II) sulphate, PbSO
4
is -50kJ. When 1.0 mol dm
-3
sodium
sulphate, Na
2
SO
4
solution was mixed together with a solution of lead (II) nitrate, Pb(NO
3
)
2,

3.0kJ of heat was released. Calculate the volume of sodium sulphate, Na
2
SO
4
solution that was
used.


Heat of Displacement
Question 1
An excess zinc powder is added to 25 cm
3
of copper (II) sulphate solution to determine the heat
of displacement of copper for the reaction. The temperature of the solution rises from 30
o
C to
38
o
C. The thermochemical equation for the reaction of zinc and copper(II) sulphate solution is
given as :
Zn (s) + Cu
2+
(aq) Zn
2+
(aq) + Cu (s); H = -217 kJ
Calculate
(a) The temperature change of the solution
(b) The amount of heat given off in the reaction
(c) The number of moles of copper(II) sulphate reacted
(d) The concentration of copper(II) sulphate solution.
[Specific heat capacity of reaction mixture,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of reaction mixture, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 2
An excess of zinc powder is added to 50 cm
3
of 0.12 mol dm
-3
iron (II) sulphate solution. The
temperature of iron (II) sulphate solution increased by 2.2
o
C. Calculate
(a) The number of moles of iron formed
(b) The heat of displacement of iron from iron (II) sulphate solution
[Specific heat capacity of reaction mixture,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of reaction mixture, 1.0g cm
-3
]


Question 3
Excess zinc, Zn powder is added to 50 cm
3
of 0.2 mol dm
-3
copper (II) sulphate, CuSO
4
solution.
The temperature of the reaction mixture rises by 10
o
C. Determine the heat of displacement of
copper, Cu from its salt solution by zinc, Zn and construct the energy level diagram of the
displacement reaction
[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 4
When excess zinc, Zn powder is added to 50 cm
3
of 2.0 mol dm
-3
of hydrochloric acid,HCl, the
temperature of the solution changes from 27
o
C to 57
o
C. Calculate the heat of displacement for
the reaction.
2HCl (aq) + Zn (s) ZnCl
2
(aq) + H
2
(g)
[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 5
Calculate the iron, Fe produced when excess aluminium, Al powder is added to 200cm
3
of iron
(II) sulphate, FeSO
4
solution. The temperature of the reaction mixture rises by 6.4
o
C. The
thermochemical equation for the displacement of iron, Fe from its salt solution by aluminium, Al
is
3Fe
2+
(aq) + 2Al (s) 3Fe (s) + 2Al
3+
(aq); H = -268.8 kJ mol
-1

[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
; relative atomic mass of
iron = 56]

Question 6
Calculate the changes of temperature when excess zinc, Zn is added to 50cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm
-3

iron (II) sulphate, FeSO
4
solution. The thermochemical equation for the displacement of iron, Fe
by magnesium, Mg is:
Mg (s) + Fe
2+
(aq) Mg
2+
(aq) + Fe (s); H = -200 kJ mol
-1

[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
]
Heat of Neutralisation
Question 1
Neutralisation reaction occurs when 50 cm
3
of 0.5 mol dm
-3
sulphuric acid reacts with 25 cm
3
of
2 mol dm
-3
sodium hydroxide solution. The temperature rises by 8
o
C in the reaction mixture. The
chemical equation is given as:
H
2
SO
4
(aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) Na
2
SO
4
(aq) + 2 H
2
O (l)
(a) Calculate the number of moles of water produced
(b) Calculate the heat changes in the reaction
(c) If the reaction is repeated using hydrochloric acid of the same concentration, determine
the temperature rise of the reaction mixture.
[Specific heat capacity of reaction mixture,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of reaction mixture, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 2
When 50 cm
3
of 2 mol dm
-3
potassium hydroxide solution is added to 100 cm
3
of 2 mol dm
-3

nitric acid, neutralization occurs. The thermochemical equation for the reaction is shown as:
HNO
3
(aq) + KOH (aq) KNO
3
(aq) + H
2
O (l); H = -57 kJ
(a) Calculate the number of moles of water formed
(b) What is the temperature rise of the reaction mixture?
[Specific heat capacity of reaction mixture,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of reaction mixture, 1.0g cm
-3
]

Question 3
When 100 cm
3
of 1.2 mol dm
-3
of hydrochloric acid, HCl is added to 100 cm
3
of 1.2 mol dm
-3
of
ammonia solution, the temperature of the reaction mixture change from 27
o
C to 34.5
o
C.
Calculate the heat of neutralization of hydrochloric acid and ammonia solution.
[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
]



Question 4
200 cm
3
of 1 mol dm
-3
sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution was added to a fixed volume of 0.5
mol dm
-3
dilute sulphuric acid, H
2
SO
4
. Calculate the quantity of heat given off and the volume of
dilute sulphuric acid, H
2
SO
4
.
[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
; H = -57.3 kJ mol
-1
]


Heat of Combustion
Question 1
0.3 g ethanol is burnt completely and the heat given off is used to heat up 150 cm
3
of water.
What is the temperature rise of water if heat of combustion of ethanol, C
2
H
5
OH is 1376 kJ
mol
-1
?
[Specific heat capacity of water,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of water, 1.0g cm
-3
; relative atomic mass:
H,1;C,12;O,16]

Question 2
The thermochemical equation of the combustion of butan-1-ol is as shown below:
C
4
H
9
OH (l) + 6 O
2
(g) 4 CO
2
(g) + 5H
2
O (l) ; H = -2600 kJ
Calculate the mass of butan-1-ol that will heat up 500cm
3
of water from 28
o
C to 50
o
C in a
complete combustion.
[Specific heat capacity of water,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of water, 1.0g cm
-3
; relative atomic mass:
H,1;C,12;O,16]

Question 3
The heat given off when 1.5g propanol (C
3
H
7
OH) was burned in excess oxygen raises
temperature of 1500 g of water by 9.2
o
C. Calculate the heat of combustion of propanol
[Specific heat capacity,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of solution, 1.0g cm
-3
; relative atomic mass:
H,1;C,12;O,16]
Question 4
In an experiment, the temperature of bomb calorimeter is raised by 4.5
o
C when 2.20 g of sucrose,
C
12
H
22
O
11
is burnt in it. Given that 15.5J of energy is required to raise the temperature of the
calorimeter and its content by 1
o
C, Determine the heat of combustion of sucrose.
[ Relative atomic mass: H,1;C,12;O,16]

Question 5
How much charcoal is required to boil 2.5 dm
3
of water?
[Specific heat capacity of water,c: 4.2J g
-1 o
C
-1
; density of water, 1.0g cm
-3
;room temperature of
water, 27
o
C; fuel value of charcoal, 35kJ g
-1
]