PARTS

ROOTSYSTEM
Root
SHOOTSYSTEM
Bud
Node
Leaf
Stem
EXTERNALSTUCTRUREOFLEAF
a)Stalk(petioles)continuesintoleaf
asamidrib
b)Networkofveins
c)Blade(lamina)
INTERNALSTRUCTUREOFLEAF
Attachleaftostem
Branchingfrommidribwhichcarrywaterandmineralstoleaf/sucroseaway
Flatandthinandcontainsphotosynthesizingcells
PLANT PARTS
Carriesorganicmoleculestoallthepartsofaplant,andcarrieswateranddissolvedsaltsfromthe
rootstotheleavesandflowers.
Exposeflowersforpollination
Supportsandspaceoutleavesforphotosynthesis
Belowtheground
FUNCTION
Anchoringtheplanttosoil.Italsoabsorbmineralsaltsandwaterthroughroothairs
Abovetheground
Lateralbudformakingsidebranches/Terminalbudtoincreaselength
Bothmayproduceflowers
Theregiononastematwhichleavesandbudsdevelop.(Theregionofastembetween2
successivenodeiscalledinternode)
Makesorganicmoleculesbyphotosynthesisandpassittostem
a)Epidermis
b)Stomata
ADAYTIME ATNIGHTTIME
1.Potassiumionsentersguardcells1.patassiumionsleaveguardcells
2.Waterentersguardcellbyosmosis 2.Watermoveoutsideguardcellbyosmosis
3.Increasedturgidity 3.Decreasedturgidity(flaccid)
4.stomataopens 4.stomatacloses
Coverstheupperandlowersurfaceoftheleaf(closelypackedcellsoffersprotection)/no
chloroplast
Lowerepidermiscontainsopeningcalledstomatagasexchange/regulatewaterloss
Mainfunction1.maintainstheshapeoftheleaf
2.reduceevaporation
3.preventstheentryofbacteriaandfungi
Upperepidermisformsthewaxycuclereducewaterloss
Mainfunction1.siteofgasexchange
2.regulateslossofwater
3.preventsexcessivewaterlossbyclosing
Mechanismforstomatalopeningand
closure
Microscopicporesinepidermisofplantleavesandsomestems,surroundedbyguardcells(have
thickenedcellwall/cytoplasm/chloroplast/nucleus/vacuole)
Indicotyledonsbroadleavedstomataonlyinlowerepidermis
Inmonocotyledonsnarrowleavedplantstomataareequallydistributed
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PARTS FUNCTION
c)Mesophyll
PALLISADECELLS SPONGYCELLS
1.Tallcollumnlike 1.Roundedcellswithairspaces
2.closelyarranged 2.looselyarranged
3.attoplayerofmesophylllayer 3.Followthepallisadelayer
4.Morechloroplast 4.Lesschloroplast
5.Mainlyconcernedwithphotosynthesis 5.Mainlyconcernedwithgasexchange
d)Vein(vascularbundle)
Has2maintissueXylem/phloem Xylem Phloem
1.upperpartofvascularbundle 1.lowerpartofvascularbundle
2.Transportswaterandmineralssalts 2.Transportssucrosefromtheleaftoallpartsof
theplant(someploemcellsspecializetoform
sievetube)
STEM
INTERNALSTRUCTUREOFSTEM
a)Epidermis
3.givetheleafstrengthbymaintainingastateofturgidity
Branchingnetworkofleafveinmeansthatnocellisfarfromawatersupply
(sandwishedbetweentheupperand
lowerepidermisoftheleaf)
Function1.synthesizeCHObyphotosynthesis
2.allowgascirculation(spongymesophyllmainsiteofgasexchange)
1.outermostlayer
XYLEM PHLOEM
1.Deadcells(elongatedandhollow) 1.livingcells
2.Nocytoplasmornucleus 2.Somecytoplasmandnonuclei
3.Ligninfibresinwall(thickwall) 3.thinwallasthereIsnoligninfibres
4.Nocompanioncells 4.Companioncells(hascytplasm/nucleus
/variousorganelleseg.mitochondria)
5.Nosieveplate 5.Sieveplate(perforated)
6.Pits(sidewaytransportofwater) 6.Nopits
7.carrywaterupwardonly 7.Carrysucroseanda.ainalldirections
c)Cortex/Pith CORTEX PITH
1.Itsthegroupofcellsbetweenthe 1.Itsthecentraltissueofthestem
vascularbundlesandstemepidermis. 2.Thesecellstogetherwiththecellsof
2.Containsgrainsorstorewater. thecortexserveasstempackingtissue
3.Ingreenstem,thecortexcellscontain (Theyprovidesupportforthestem)
chloroplastforphotosynthesis
b)Vascularbundle
(arrangedinaring
xylemlocatedtowardsinside
phloemtowardstheoutside)
4.helptomaintainshape
5.coveredbywaxycuticletoreducewaterlossbythestem
Woodystemitsepidermisisreplacedbybark
Someplantshavehairsformedfromepidermalcells
2.singlelayerofcells
3.perforatedbystomataforgasexchange
Thevascularbundleintheroot,stem,leafstalksandleafveinsallconnecteduptoforma
transportsystemthroughouttheentireplant(haveasupportingandtransportfunction)
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