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Question Paper Code : 55456

Reg. No. :

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011.

Third Semester
Mechanical Engineering

ME 2204 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

(Common to Automobile Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and

Production Engineering)
(Regulation 2008)
Time : Three hours

Maximum : 100 marks

Any missing data can be suitably assumed.

Answer ALL questions.

PART A (10 2 = 20 marks)

Define - compressibility and bulk modulus.

2.

Mention the significance of kinematic viscosity.

3.

A circular and a square pipe are of equal sectional area. For the same flow
rate, determine which section will lead to a higher value of Reynolds
number.

4.

What do you understand by hydraulic diameter?

5.

Give the Rayleigh method to determine dimensionless groups.

6.

Write down the dimensionless number for pressure.

7.

A pump is to discharge 0.82 m3/s at a head of 42 m when running at 300

rpm. What type of pump will be required?

1.

Mention the importance of Euler turbine equation.

9.

Define slip in reciprocating machines.

8.

10.

Brief on acceleration head.

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PART B (5 16 = 80 marks)
(a)

(i)

A pipeline of 175 mm diameter branches into two pipes which

delivers the water at atmospheric pressure. The diameter of the
branch 1 which is at 35 counter-clockwise to the pipe axis is
75mm. and the velocity at outlet is 15 m/s. The branch 2 is at
15 with the pipe centre line in the clockwise direction has a
diameter
of
100 mm. The outlet velocity is 15 m/s. The pipes lie in a
horizontal plane. Determine the magnitude and direction of the
forces
on
the
pipes.
(8)

(ii)

Derive the linear momentum equation using the control volume

approach and determine the force exerted by the fluid flowing
through a pipe bend.
(8)

4
0

11.

Or

(a)

Derive an expression for the variation of jet radius r with

distance y downwards for a jet directed downwards. The initial
radius is R and the head of fluid is H.

(i)

Oil with a density of 900 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity of

6.2 104 m2/s is being discharged by a 6 mm diameter, 40 mlong horizontal pipe from a storage tank open to the
atmosphere. The height of the liquid level above the center of
the pipe is 3 m. Neglecting the minor losses, determine the flow
rate of oil through the pipe.
Two water reservoirs A and B are connected to each other
through a 50 m long, 2.5 cm diameter cast iron pipe with a
sharp-edged entrance. The pipe also involves a swing check
valve and a fully open gate valve. The water level in both
reservoirs is the same, but reservoir A is pressurised by
compressed air while reservoir B is open to the atmosphere. If
the initial flow rate through the pipe is 1.5 l/s, determine the
absolute air pressure on top of reservoir A. Take the water
temperature to be 25C.
(8)

(ii)

A jet issuing at a velocity of 25 m/s is directed at 35 to the

horizontal. Calculate the height cleared by the jet at 28 m from
the discharge location? Also determine the maximum height the
jet will clear and the corresponding horizontal location.
(8)

(ii)

12.

(i)

(8)

(b)

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(8)

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Or
In a water reservoir flow is through a circular hole of diameter D
at the side wall at a vertical distance H from the free surface.
The flow rate through an actual hole with a sharp-edged
entrance (kL = 0.5) will be considerably less than the flow rate
calculated assuming frictionless flow. Obtain a relation for the
equivalent diameter of the sharp-edged hole for use in
frictionless flow relations.
(8)

(ii)

A horizontal pipe has an abrupt expansion from 10 cm to 16

cm. The water velocity in the smaller section is 12 m/s, and the
flow is turbulent. The pressure in the smaller section is 300
kPa. Determine the downstream pressure, and estimate the
error that would have occurred if Bernoullis equation had been
used.
(8)

(i)

The power developed by hydraulic machines is found to depend

on the head h, flow rate Q, density , speed N, runner diameter
D, and acceleration due to gravity g. Obtain suitable
dimensionless parameters to correlate experimental results. (10)

(ii)

The capillary rise h is found to be influenced by the tube

diameter D, density , gravitational acceleration g and surface
tension . Determine the dimensionless parameters for the
correlation of experimental results.

4
0

(i)

(a)

13.

(b)

(6)

Or

The drag force on a smooth sphere is found to be affected by the

velocity of flow, u, the diameter D of the sphere and the fluid
properties density and viscosity . Find the dimensionless
groups to correlate the parameters.
(8)

Using dimensional analysis, obtain a correlation for the

frictional torque due to rotation of a disc in a viscous fluid. The
parameters influencing the torque can be identified as the
diameter, rotational speed, viscosity and density of the fluid. (8)

(ii)

(a)

(i)

A pump has to supply water which is at 70C water at 90

m3/min and 1800 rpm. Find the type of pump needed, the
power required, and the impeller diameter if the required
pressure rise for one stage is 200 kPa; and 1250 kPa.

14.

(i)

(b)

(ii)

A dam on a river is being sited for a hydraulic turbine. The flow

rate is 1600 m3/h, the available head is 25 m, and the turbine
speed is to be 460 rpm. Discuss the estimated turbine size and
feasibility for a Francis turbine; and a Pelton wheel.
(6)
3

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(10)

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Or
(i)

A centrifugal pump with backward-curved blades has the

following measured performance when tested with water at
20C :
Discharge
0 180 360 540 720 900 1080
(l/min)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Head (m)
3
35
33
31
28
25
19
7
Power (kW)
2
27
30
33
35
36
34
2

4
0

(b)

(ii)

(i)

Calculate the rate of flow in and out of the air vessel on the
delivery side in a single acting reciprocating pump of 220 mm
bore
and
330 mm stroke running at 50 rpm. Also find the angle of crank
rotation at which there is no flow into or out of the air vessel. (8)

(ii)

(6)

Discuss in detail about rotary positive displacement pumps. (8)

(a)

A Pelton turbine is to produce 18MW under a head of 450 m

when running at 480 rpm. If D/d ratio is 10, determine the
number of jets required.

15.

Estimate the best efficiency point and the maximum efficiency.

Also, estimate the most efficient flow rate, and the resulting
head and brake power, if the diameter is doubled and the rotation speed
is increased by 50%.
(10)

Or

With a neat sketch explain the working of double acting

reciprocating pump with its performance characteristics.
(10)

(ii)

In a single acting reciprocating pump the bore and stroke are

100 and 150 mm. respectively. The static head requirements
are
4 m suction and 18 m delivery. If the pressure at the end of
delivery is atmospheric calculate the operating speed. The
diameter of the delivery pipe is 75 mm and the length of the
delivery pipe is 24 m. Determine the acceleration head at =
33 from the start of delivery.

(i)

(b)

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(6)