Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Law Dictionary
Abuse:
General
term
for
physical
or
mental
mistreatment.
Child
Abuse:
An
intentional
or
neglectful
physical
or
emotional
injury
imposed
on
a
child,
including
sexual
molestation.
Sexual
Abuse:
An
illegal
sex
act,
especially
one
performed
against
a
minor
by
an
adult.
The
term
is
usually
applied
to
contact
not
amounting
to
rape.
and
is
typically
divided
into
degrees
according
to
the
nature
and
circumstances
of
the
contact.
Spousal
Abuse:
Physical,
sexual,
or
psychological
abuse
inflicted
by
one
spouse
on
the
other
spouse.
Appeal:
A
request
to
a
higher
(appellate)
court
for
that
court
to
review
and
change
the
decision
of
a
lower
court.
Arson:
Malicious
burning
to
destroy
property.
Assault:
The
threat
or
use
of
force
on
another
that
causes
that
person
to
have
a
reasonable
apprehension
of
imminent
harmful
or
offensive
contact;
the
act
of
putting
another
person
in
reasonable
fear
or
apprehension
of
an
immediate
battery
by
means
of
an
act
amounting
to
an
attempt
or
threat
to
commit
a
battery.
Email
Interception:
The
act
of
reading,
storing,
or
intercepting
email
intended
for
another
person
without
that
persons
permission.
Internet
Fraud:
Internet
fraud
generally
refers
to
any
type
of
fraudulent
use
of
a
computer
and
the
Internet,
including
the
use
of
chat
rooms,
email,
message
boards,
discussion
groups
and
web
sites,
to
conduct
fraudulent
transactions,
transmit
the
proceeds
of
fraud
to
financial
institutions,
or
to
steal,
destroy
or
otherwise
render
unusable
(the
proliferation
of
viruses
for
example)
computer
data
vital
to
the
operation
of
a
business.
Telemarketing
Fraud:
Telemarketing
Fraud
is
a
term
that
refers
generally
to
any
scheme
to
deprive
victims
dishonestly
of
money
or
property
or
to
misrepresent
the
values
of
goods
or
services.
Domestic
Violence:
Violence
between
members
of
a
household,
usually
spouses;
an
assault
or
other
violent
act
committed
by
one
member
of
a
household
against
another.
Drug
Crimes:
The
definitions
below
encompass
both
drugs
and
drug
paraphernalia.
Cultivation:
The
growing
of
organic
drugs
or
their
precursors,
e.g.
marijuana,
coca,
opium
poppies,
etc.
Distribution:
The
act
selling
or
trading
drugs.
Manufacturing:
Includes
the
creation
of
synthetic
drugs
and
the
act
of
isolating
drug
compounds
from
organic
sources.
Possession:
Having
drugs
or
drug
paraphernalia
on
ones
person.
Possession
for
Sale:
The
possession
of
drugs
in
quantities
sufficient
for
resale.
Prescription
Fraud:
The
act
of
obtaining
prescription
(legal)
drugs
through
forged
or
stolen
prescriptions.
Trafficking:
The
act
of
transferring
drugs
from
one
location
to
another,
usually
on
behalf
of
a
second
party.
Embezzlement:
The
illegal
transfer
of
money
or
property
that,
although
possessed
legally
by
the
embezzler,
is
diverted
to
the
embezzler
personally
by
his
or
her
fraudulent
action.
Expungement:
The
legal
procedure
for
sealing
a
record
of
an
arrest
and/or
criminal
conviction
from
public
view.
Extortion:
Obtaining
money
or
property
by
threat
to
a
victims
property
or
loved
ones,
intimidation,
or
false
claim
of
a
right
(such
as
pretending
to
be
an
IRS
agent).
Failure
To
Register:
Failure
to
register
as
a
sex
offender.
Forgery:
The
act
of
fraudulently
making
a
false
document
or
altering
a
real
one
to
be
used
as
if
genuine.
Fraud:
A
knowing
misrepresentation
of
the
truth
or
concealment
of
a
material
fact
to
induce
another
to
act
to
his
or
her
detriment.
Excusable
Homicide:
Homicide
resulting
from
a
persons
lawful
act,
committed
without
intention
to
harm
another.
Justifiable
Homicide:
The
killing
of
another
in
self-defense
when
faced
with
the
danger
of
death
or
serious
bodily
injury.
(same
as
excusable
homicide)
Negligent
Homicide:
Homicide
resulting
from
the
careless
performance
of
a
legal
or
illegal
act
in
which
the
danger
of
death
is
apparent;
the
killing
of
a
human
being
by
criminal
negligence.
Reckless
Homicide:
The
unlawful
killing
of
another
person
with
conscious
indifference
toward
that
persons
life.
Vehicular
Homicide:
The
killing
of
another
person
by
ones
unlawful
or
negligent
operation
of
a
motor
vehicle
Identity
Theft:
Identity
Theft
primarily
involves
either
true
name
or
account
takeover
fraud.
With
true
name
someone
uses
a
consumers
personal
information
to
open
new
accounts
in
his
or
her
name.
With
account
takeover
someone
gains
access
to
a
persons
existing
account(s)
and
makes
fraudulent
charges.
Another
form
of
identity
theft
occurs
when
a
criminal
provides
a
victims
personal
information
to
law
enforcement
when
the
criminal
gets
arrested.
The
victim
may
then
have
a
criminal
record
or
outstanding
warrants
attached
to
their
name
without
even
realizing
it.
Indecent
Exposure:
An
offensive
display
of
ones
own
body
in
public,
especially
of
the
genitals.
Lewdness:
Gross,
wanton,
and
public
indecency
that
is
outlawed
by
many
state
statutes;
a
sexual
act
that
the
actor
knows
will
likely
be
observed
by
someone
who
will
be
affronted
or
alarmed
by
it.
Mayhem:
Dismemberment
or
permanent
disfigurement.
Manslaughter:
The
unlawful
killing
of
a
human
being
without
malice
aforethought.
Involuntary
Manslaughter:
Homicide
in
which
there
is
no
intention
to
kill
or
do
grievous
bodily
harm,
but
that
is
committed
with
criminal
negligence
or
during
the
commission
of
a
crime
not
included
within
the
felony-murder
rule.
Voluntary
manslaughter:
An
act
of
murder
reduced
to
manslaughter
because
of
extenuating
circumstances
such
as
adequate
provocation
(arousing
the
heat
of
passion)
or
diminished
capacity.
Molestation:
The
persecution
or
harassment
of
someone,
as
in
the
molestation
of
a
witness.
The
act
of
making
unwanted
and
indecent
advances
to
or
on
someone,
especially
for
sexual
gratification.
Child
Molestation:
Any
indecent
or
sexual
activity
on,
involving,
or
surrounding
a
child,
usually
under
the
age
of
14.
Money
Laundering:
The
federal
crime
of
transferring
illegally
obtained
money
through
legitimate
persons
or
accounts
so
that
its
original
source
cannot
be
traced.
Murder:
The
killing
of
a
human
being
with
malice
aforethought.
Depraved-heart
murder:
A
murder
resulting
from
an
act
so
reckless
and
careless
of
the
safety
of
others
that
it
demonstrates
the
perpetrators
complete
lack
of
regard
for
human
life.
Felony
Murder:
Murder
that
occurs
during
the
commission
of
a
felony.
First-degree
murder:
Murder
that
is
willful,
deliberate,
or
premeditated,
or
that
is
committed
during
the
course
of
another
serious
felony
(often
limited
to
rape,
kidnapping,
robbery,
burglary,
or
arson).
All
murder
perpetrated
by
poisoning
or
by
lying
in
wait
is
considered
first-degree
murder.
Second-degree
murder:
Murder
that
is
not
aggravated
by
any
of
the
circumstances
of
first-degree
murder.
Obscenity:
Any
form
of
expression,
such
as
a
book,
painting,
photograph,
movie,
or
play,
that
deals
with
sex
in
a
way
that
is
regarded
as
so
offensive
as
to
be
beyond
the
protection
of
the
constitutional
guarantee
of
freedom
of
speech.
Under
the
most
recent
of
the
Supreme
Courts
efforts
to
define
obscenity,
the
term
applies
to
material
that
appeals
to
prurient
interest,
depicts,
or
describes
sexual
conduct
in
a
way
that
is
patently
offensive,
and
lacks
serious
literary,
artistic,
political,
or
scientific
value.
Pandering:
The
act
or
offense
of
recruiting
a
prostitute,
finding
a
place
of
business
for
a
prostitute,
or
soliciting
customers
for
a
prostitute.
The
act
or
offense
of
selling
or
distributing
textual
or
visual
material
openly
advertised
to
appeal
to
the
recipients
sexual
interest.
Perjury:
The
act
or
an
instance
of
a
persons
deliberately
making
material
false
or
misleading
statements
while
under
oath.
Pornography:
Pictures
and/or
writings
of
sexual
activity
intended
solely
to
excite
lascivious
feelings
of
a
particularly
blatant
and
aberrational
kind,
such
as
acts
involving
children,
animals,
orgies,
and
all
types
of
sexual
intercourse.
Prostitution:
The
crime
of
engaging
in
sexual
intercourse
or
other
sexual
activity
for
hire.
Pyramid
Schemes:
Pyramid
Schemes
may
involve
a
structure
that
is
laid
out
like
a
pyramid,
with
one
person
at
the
top,
two
persons
on
the
next
level,
four
on
the
next
and
eight
on
the
next.
The
structure
may
also
be
circular
with
one
person
at
the
center,
two
on
the
next,
four
on
the
next
and
eight
persons
on
the
outer
circle.
The
circular
structure
is
merely
a
view
of
a
pyramid
looking
from
the
top
down.
Racketeer
Influenced
and
Corrupt
Organizations
Act
(RICO):
A
federal
statute
enacted
in
1970
and
subsequently
copied
in
many
state
statutes
(informally
called
Little
Rico
statutes),
designed
to
attack
organized
crime
by
providing
special
criminal
penalties
and
civil
liabilities
for
persons
who
engage
in,
or
derive
money
from,
repeated
instances
of
certain
types
of
crime.
Rape:
Unlawful
sexual
activity
with
a
person
without
consent
and
usually
by
force
or
threat
of
injury.
Date
Rape:
Rape
committed
by
someone
known
to
the
victim,
especially
by
the
victims
social
companion.
Marital
Rape:
A
husbands
sexual
intercourse
with
his
wife
by
force
or
without
her
consent.
Statutory
Rape:
Unlawful
sexual
intercourse
with
a
person
under
the
age
of
consent,
The
willful
attempt
to
defeat
or
circumvent
the
tax
law
in
order
to
illegally
reduce
ones
tax
liability.
Tax
Fraud:
The
crime
of
intentionally
filing
a
false
tax
return
or
making
other
false
statements
under
penalties
of
perjury
to
taxing
authorities.
Terrorism:
Politically
motivated
violence
or
intimidation
directed
against
a
civilian
population
by
a
subgroup
within
a
population,
by
an
outside
group,
or
by
clandestine
agents
of
another
country.
Theft:
The
felonious
taking
and
removing
of
anothers
personal
property
with
the
intent
to
permanently
deprive
the
true
owner
thereof;
larceny.
Broadly,
any
act
or
instance
of
stealing,
including
larceny,
burglary,
embezzlement,
and
false
pretenses.
Theft
By
Deception:
The
use
of
deception
to
obtain
anothers
property.
Theft
By
False
Pretext:
The
use
of
a
false
pretext
to
obtain
anothers
property.
Theft
Of
Services:
The
act
of
obtaining
services
from
another
by
deception,
threat,
coercion,
stealth,
mechanical
tampering,
or
using
a
false
token
or
device.
Writs:
An
order
from
a
higher
court
to
a
lower
court
or
to
a
government
official,
such
as
a
prison
warden.