Urban India

Developing cities expand rapidly, with todays

fringe becoming tomorrows developed city and
the day-after-tomorrows core city. But too often,
policy makers have focused on here-and-now
problems and done little to guide the future city.
The result has been much infrastructure in the
city center and little development at the
periphery, with projects designed to increase
mobility rather than to foster accessibility.
Although circumstances differ considerably
across cities in India, certain basic trends which
determine transport demand (such as substan-
tial increase in urban population, household
incomes, and industrial and commercial activi-
ties) are the same. These changes have placed
heavy demands on urban transport systems,
a demand that many Indian cities have been
unable to meet.
New infrastructure projects
are focussed on solving the
current problems
Transportation in
Although mobility and accessibility have
increased tremendously in the urban areas,
there are severe problems such as delay,
congestion, accidents, air and noise pollution,
energy wastage,etc. Public transport systems
have not been able to keep pace with the rapid
and substantial increases.
Here is the forecast in increase of vehicle
population y 2035. The current infrastructure
cannot support it.
Traffic composition in India is of a mixed
nature. There is a wide variety of about a
dozen types of both slow and fast-mov-
ing vehicles.
Source: www.worldbank.org.in
INDIA- Shared space
Small vehicles get out of way
for larger vehicles.
Very few places have trafc
segregation.
Need for personal Transportation
The scene in Urban India
-Because of reduced access to public transport.
-Roads are dangerous for pedestrian and bicycles.
-Two wheelers are affordable
-Status symbol
Shift of 2 W users to cars
Shift of cyclers to 2 W
Separate vehicle for family members
Increase in Trafc
Emssions
Noise
Accidents
More roads being built to
address the issues
Increased distances between residential
- and work place
- and leisure places
people buying more cars
Introduction of more car support
and dependent infrastructure
other means of mobility are neglected

american cities
-provided more and more mobility
now locked up in a car dependent
system
India going down the same road and
making the same mistakes
Indian Urban Transport Policy
Solving trafc congestion
Keeping driving affordable
Current measures
By planning of low density areas
High capacity roads
More car dependent urban structure
Urban sprawl
People moving to suburbs
No choice but to travel long distances
Key destinations are getting scattered
over a wide area
as a result of which
increasing fuel prices adding to the
problem
Even with current numbers Indian cities are
choked. If the number goes double and if some
systems are not introduced the cities will come to
a stand still
22 cities constitute 60% of
vehicle sales
average travel time in a city for
a person is
In 2030-31
Indians will travel thrice as many kms
as in 2000-01
Share of private owned vehicles
Share of public transport
Energy demand
CO2 emissions
2000-01
24.3%
75.7%
954 petajoules
17.27
2030-31
55.3%
44.7%
5897 petajoules
93.22
some statistics
in 2010
for every 1000 people
in India
45 two wheelers
for every 1000 people
in India
7 cars
1 hour a day
by year 2030-31 -projected rise in share of private owner-
ship and huge decrease in share of public transport, Energy
demand will increase 5 fold and carbon emissions also by 5
fold
in 2030
Source: www.worldbank.org.in
evolution of the Indian cities
Walking cities
Non motorised transport cities
Motorcycle cities
Trafc saturated motorcycle cities
Car cities
continued motorisation
unrestrained motorisation
40% of trips in URBAN India by Non-motorised vehicle
still in 2010
28 % of trips by walking
27% of trips by public transport
11% of trips by cycling
walking +
cycling +
non private vehicle mode
of public transport = 74 % of commuters in cities of
4 million and above population
cars account for only 12 %
???
milestone or tombstone ???
Source: www.iimahd.ernet.in/egov/documents/
Indian cities spread pattern
Urban India has more density of vehicles and people hence the urban is given
more importance in infrastructure projects. Rising costs have forced people to
move to suburbs and farther areas. New state highways express ways help in
reducing trafc but increase commute time
Last mile transportation
Major metros and upcoming two tier cities are
trying to develop a transportaion system which
has different types of mobility integrated with each
other.
The need of urban India is lling up the last gap, that is transportation from bus stops or train
stations to their houses. recently share autos have been serving as a cheap last mile
transportation
Here is an example of Mumbai where the METRO rail is
the major mode of transportation, the bus services, autos
and rickshaws serve as a feeder to the system lling the
gap of the last mile, thus giving people an option of
transportation other than owning a personal vehicle