STATUS OF BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG THE

POPULATION IN SELECTED SALINE PRONE

AREA OF BANGLADESH
MOHAMMAD ALI
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
DHANMONDI, DHAKA
APRIL, 2014
STATUS OF BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG THE
POPULATION IN SELECTED SALINE PRONE
AREA OF BANGLADESH
MOHAMMAD ALI
PG04-30-13-007
A DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH)
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH
SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
DHANMONDI, DHAKA
APRIL, 2014
Evaluation of the Dissertation
We, the members of the Dissertation Defense Committee
For
Mohammad Ali
Unanimously Approved the Dissertation Entitled
Status of Blood pressure among the Population in Selected
Saline Prone area of Bangladesh
.................................................................
Chairperson
Dr. M.H Faruquee
MBBS, MPH
Assistant Professor
Department of Public Health
State University of Bangladesh
.................................................................
Member
Dr. NawziaYasmin
MBBS (DMC), MPH (Sydney University, Australia)
Associate Professor & Head
Department of Public Health
State University of Bangladesh
.................................................................
Member
Prof. Dr. Harun-Ar-Rashid
MD, MSc, MPH, PhD, FRCP (Edin), MBA
Professor, Public Health & Research Management,
Director, Research & International Collaboration
State University of Bangladesh
.................................................................
Member
Dr. Mainul Alam Chaklader
MBBS, MPH
Lecturer,
Department of Public Health
State University of Bangladesh
.................................................................
Candidate: Mohammad Ali
Date of Approval: April, 2014
i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to most sincere appreciation and gratitude to the
respondents and their family members who have give valuable information and time
for the study. Their highly cooperation made the research success.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude Dr. M.H. Faruquee for his
guidance, encouraging suggestions, valuable advice on editing and correcting
manuscript made possible to complete my dissertation.

I also would like to render my heartiest gratitude to Dr. Nawzia Yesmin, Head
& Academic Program Director of MPH Program, State University of Bangladesh for
her encouraging and inspiring affords towards my course.
My appreciation is to Prof. Dr. Harun-Ar-Rashid, PhD and Dr. Mainul Alam
for provision of his valuable and inspiring suggestions.
I also thanks to my family member especially to my mother Momtaz Begum
who gave me physical and mental support to the study along with family members. I
am ever grateful to management of Oxfam who gave me opportunity to do study in its
project area. I thank to staff of Banchte Shekha for their cooperation during
collection of data.

ii

ABSTRACT
About 6 million people are deprived of safe non-saline drinking which is a
discussing issues in public health and its became more focus for saline water
intrusion due to climate change. A cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the
prevalence of blood pressure among the coastal population. Randomly 296 samples
were selected in four wards of four unions Assasuni, Dargahpur, Bordal and Sreula of
Assasuni Upazilla included in the study. Respondents were 18 years old and staying
in that area at least for last five years. It was observed that 47% respondents Systolic
blood pressure was higher than 120mmHg and 20% respondents Diastolic blood
pressure have greater than 90mmHg. 18% respondent drinking water has higher than
1.00 PPT salinity, which is higher than Bangladesh limit and one of the main reasons
of abnormal blood pressure. It was observed that three fourth of the respondents had
habit of taking extra dietary salt also half of the respondents dont have the habit of
taking tobacco. Around 65% percent of the respondents drinking water source was
pond, 20% from DHTW or piped water supply, 3% from SHTW and rest 9% had
practice of use mixed source water in general time. It was observed that for cooking
purposes 98% respondents use pond water. Different practice was found in rainy
season more than half of the respondents use mixed rain water with the other sources
of water. From the correlation result of drinking / cooking water salinity & blood
pressure (Systolic & diastolic), it is found that both drinking & cooking salinity shows
insignificant relation with blood pressure, interestingly drinking has negative and
cooking has positive relations with blood pressure though statistically not significant.
Ensuring of safe and less saline (within standard) adequate water to all coastal
population is strongly recommended in reducing health hazard risk.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement I
Abstract II
Table of Contents III
List of Tables V
CHAPTER I
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Justification of the study 4
1.3 Research Question 5
1.4 Objectives of the Study 6
1.4.1 General Objectives 6
1.4.2 Specific Objectives 6
1.5. Operational Definition 7
1.6. Conceptual Framework 8
1.7 Limitations of the Study 9
CHAPTER-II
LITERATURE REVIEW 10
CHAPTER-III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Design 17
3.2 Study Participants 17
3.3 Sample Size 17
3.4 Study Area 18
3.5 Sampling Technique 18
3.6 Site selection 18
3.7 Respondent selection 18
3.8 Research Instrument / Tools 18
3.9 Data Collection Method/Instrument 19
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3.10 Data Management 19
3.11 Data Analysis Plan 19
3.12 Study Period 19
3.13 Ethical Consideration 19
CHAPTER-IV
4.1 Results 20
CHAPTER - V
5.1. Discussion 32
5.2. Conclusion 35
5.3. Recommendation 36
CHAPTER - VI
REFERENCES 37
ANNEXURE-I
Informed Consent 39
ANNEXURE-II
Questionnaire 40
ANNEXURE-III
Questionnaire in Bangla 41
ANNEXURE-IV
Curriculum Vitae 43
v

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Distribution of respondent by age 20
Table 2 Distribution of respondent by sex 20
Table 3 Distribution of respondent by family type 21
Table 4 Distribution of respondent by education 21
Table 5 Distribution of respondent by occupation 22
Table 6 Distribution of respondent by family income 22
Table7 Distribution of respondent by family member 23
Table 8 Distribution of respondent by house hold type 23
Table 9 Distribution of respondent by sanitation status 24
Table10 Distribution of respondent by extra dietary salt intake 24
Table11 Distribution of respondent by tobacco taking behavior 25
Table12 Distribution of respondent by daily drinking water amount 25
Table13 Distribution of respondent by source of drinking water except rainy
season
26
Table14 Distribution of respondent by source of cooking water except rainy
season
26
Table15 Distribution of respondent by source of drinking water during rainy
session
27
Table16 Distribution of respondent by source of cooking water during rainy
session
27
Table17 Distribution of respondent by drinking water salinity 28
Table18 Distribution of respondent by cooking water salinity 28
Table19 Distribution of respondent by Systolic blood pressure single
measurement
29
Table20 Distribution of respondent by Diastolic blood pressure 29
Table21 Mean and Standard deviation of drinking water and cooking water
salinity and both Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure
30
Table22 Correlation between blood pressure and drinking water salinity 30
Table23 Correlation between blood pressure and cooking water salinity 31