Ken Gerard Silva

Aveiro








Funchal 2013


2




Aveiro
by Ken Silva


Tourism Degree
Alexandrina Rebolo





Funchal 2013



3
Index
Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 6
Resumo ............................................................................................................................. 6
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7
History .............................................................................................................................. 8
Ria de Aveiro .............................................................................................................. 10
The Moliceiros ........................................................................................................ 11
Patrimony ....................................................................................................................... 12
Igreja da Misericrdia ............................................................................................. 12
Convento de Jesus / Museu de Aveiro .................................................................... 13
S de Aveiro ............................................................................................................ 14
Museums ......................................................................................................................... 15
Vista Alegre Museum ................................................................................................. 15
Arte Nova Museum ................................................................................................. 16
Other attractions ............................................................................................................. 17
Aveiro University ....................................................................................................... 17
Porto de Aveiro ....................................................................................................... 18
Teatro Aveirense ..................................................................................................... 19


4
Mercado do Peixe de Aveiro ................................................................................... 20
BUGA (Bicicleta de Utilizao Gratuita de Aveiro) ............................................. 20
Farol da Barra de Aveiro ......................................................................................... 21
Aveiro Rossio Hostel .............................................................................................. 22
Beaches ........................................................................................................................... 23
Reserva Natural das Dunas de So Jacinto ............................................................. 24
Green Areas .................................................................................................................... 25
Parque Infante Dom Pedro ...................................................................................... 25
Parque de Santo Antnio......................................................................................... 25
Jardim do Rossio ..................................................................................................... 25
Festivities and Handicrafts ............................................................................................. 26
Festivities .................................................................................................................... 26
Handicrafs ................................................................................................................... 26
Gastronomy .................................................................................................................... 27
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 28
Bibliography / Webgraphy ............................................................................................. 29




5
Pictures Index
Picture 1 - old picture from Aveiro .................................................................................. 9
Picture 2 - Aereal view of the "Ria de Aveiro" .............................................................. 10
Picture 3 - "Moliceiro" ................................................................................................... 11
Picture 4 - "Igreja da Misericrdia" ................................................................................ 12
Picture 5 - "Convento de Jesus / Museu de Aveiro" ....................................................... 13
Picture 6 - Blue print of the Cathedral ............................................................................ 14
Picture 7 - Vista Alegre Museum ................................................................................... 15
Picture 8 - "Arte Nova" Museum ................................................................................... 16
Picture 9 - "Porto de Aveiro" .......................................................................................... 18
Picture 10 - "Teatro Aveirense" ...................................................................................... 19
Picture 11 - "Mercado do Peixe" .................................................................................... 20
Picture 12 - "BUGA" ...................................................................................................... 20
Picture 13 - "Farol da Barra Aveiro" .............................................................................. 21
Picture 14 - Aveiro Rossio Hostel .................................................................................. 22
Picture 15 - "Praia da Barra" .......................................................................................... 23
Picture 16 - "Reserva Natural das Dunas de S.Jacinto" ................................................. 24
Picture 17 - "Parque da Cidade" and "Jardim do Rossio" .............................................. 25
Picture 18 - Handmade "Moliceiro" ............................................................................... 26
Picture 19 - "Ovos moles" .............................................................................................. 27
Picture 20 - "Espetada de Mexilhes" ............................................................................ 27



6
Abstract
This paperwork addresses the city of Aveiro, namely its history and heritage with the
purpose of describing it, referring its importance to the city as cultural and architectural
patrimony. It also relates to the tourism of the city for being an important region of
Portugal.
Key-words: Aveiro, History, Tourism, Heritage, Portugal

Resumo
Este trabalho aborda a cidade de Aveiro, nomeadamente a sua histria e o seu patrimnio,
com o propsito de descrev-los, referindo a sua importncia para a cidade como herana
cultural e arquitectnica. Est tambm relacionado com o turismo da cidade por ser uma
regio importante de Portugal.
Palavras-chave: Aveiro, Histria, Turismo, Patrimnio, Portugal



7
Introduction
Aveiro is the capital of the district with the same name and it is located in the centre
region of Portugal. It is well known for its Ria, which is a channel that crosses the city.
The district has a total population of 735.790 inhabitants comprehended in an area of
2808 km
2
.
The city has a total rea of 197,58km
2
and a population of 78.450 inhabitants divided by
ten parishes, which are:
Cacia
Esgueira
Santa Joana
Aradas
So Bernardo
So Jacinto
Glria - Vera Cruz
Eixo - Eir
Oliveirinha
Requeixo - Nossa Senhora de
Ftima Nariz

Aveiro is considered the Portuguese Venice for the importance and beauty that the Ria
de Aveiro gives to the city. This region is also famous for other aspects such as the tiles
from Vista Alegre, the Moliceiros, the Ovos Moles, the University of Aveiro, the
Cathedral, the museums, the theatre, the beaches, the activities and the port.
This paperwork will address the city of Aveiro, the touristic aspects and the main
attractions of the city. The methodology used for the realization of this paperwork was
based on internet research and the consulting of some books of the local library.

8
History
The human presence in Aveiro dates back to the recent Prehistory, proven by the existance
of constructions from that period such as the dolmens. The first time that Aveiro was
mentioned in any Portuguese document was in the testament of D. Mumadona Dias, in
the year of 959, where she refers to Aveiro as Suis terras in Alauario et Salinas.
In the 13
th
Century Aveiro was elevated to the status of village and grew around the main
church dedicated to Saint Miguel, which was demolished in the 19
th
Century, where today
is the Republica Square.
Aveiro was surrounded by walls in the 15
th
Century that were used for defensive purposes.
These walls were later demolished and some of the stones were used in the constructions
of the Barra Nova piers.
The first charter of Aveiro dates from 1515, during the kingdom of D. Manuel I, which
was written in the Livro de Leituras Novas de Forais da Estremadura.
In the final years of the 16
th
Century and beginning of the 17
th
Century the area was under
major difficulties. Because of these difficulties the people felt the need of leaving the area
and in some cases the country. This crisis was due to the instability experienced between
the communications of the Ria and the sea, which led to the closing of the canal and
the harbor. Nevertheless was in this period that one of the most important churches was
built: the Misericrdia Church.
Aveiro was elevated to city in 1759 by order of D. Jos I and given a new name, Nova
Bragana. However after the fall of the government of the Marquis of Pombal the city
recovered its previous name, a demand from the Queen D. Maria I.
In 19
th
Century, in the year of 1808, the Barra de Aveiro was officially opened which
was a major push for the local economy based on the salt, fishing and naval trading.

9
Also, in the 19
th
Century, people from Aveiro participated in the liberal fights and it was
in this century that Joo Estevo Coelho de Magalhes fought for railway between Lisbon
and Porto to pass in Aveiro, which would lead to a major development of the city, in
several key areas such as the transports.
Between the 19
th
and 20
th
Century this development expanded itself from the economy to
the architectural aspects, therefore some of the main landmarks of the city were built in
this period with details of Arte Nova and Art Deco. These constructions received the
endorsement of the Estado Novo.
Nowadays, Aveiro can be defined as a city that keeps and values the traditions and
cultural aspects, combining them with the modern features.


Picture 1 - old picture from Aveiro


10
Ria de Aveiro
The Ria de Aveiro also known as Delta do Vouga has an extension of 45km and a
maximum width of 11km. Its the result of a retreat of the sea forming coastal strands that
became a huge pond that is considered one of the most beautiful hydrographic accidents
of the Portuguese coast.
It has a total of 11000ha and receives water from the disemboguing of the rivers Vouga,
Antu, Boco and Fonto. Linking them to the sea theres a single canal, between Barra
and So Jacinto, which gives access to deep sea vessels to the Aveiro Port.
The area is rich in fish and birds and is also one of the spots of election for the practice
of several nautical sports. The Ria is associated since its development to the production
of salt which is a major economic factor of Aveiro.
In terms of Touristic value, the area is also very important because it can be used in a
wide variety of activities, including the famous boat ride in the local boats, the
Moliceiros.

Picture 2 - Aereal view of the "Ria de Aveiro"

11
The Moliceiros
The Moliceiro is the name given to the boats that navigate on the Ria de Aveiro.
These boats are 15m long a maximum width of 2,5m, with low edges to facilitate the
transport of seaweed. They are also characterized for the many paintings in the prow and
stern of the boats that usually depicts the daily life in a ridiculous and humorous way.
Built in pinewood, the Moliceiro uses three kinds of propellers: Vela, Vara and
Sirga. These vessels are considered one of the ex-libris of Aveiro and it can easily
navigate in shallow waters.
In the beginning these boats were used on the harvesting of the seaweed (molio) but
nowadays these are used for touristic purposes, namely the boat rides that goes throughout
the canal in the city centre.

Picture 3 - "Moliceiro"


12
Patrimony
Igreja da Misericrdia
The Misericrdia Church is one of the most attractive building of religious architecture
of Aveiro. It was built in the beginning of the 17
th
Century and designed by Gregrio
Loureno. The main bulding and the the main door of the church were concluded in 1623,
but only in 1653 the main chapel was built. In this church we can also find renaissance
elements, lisbonenses tiles from the 17
th
Century and golden wooden work from the
18
th
Century. Also, in the 18
th
Century was included an organ. One century later the main
faade was covered with tiles. The church was restored in the 20
th
Century and considered
Building of Public Interest.

Picture 4 - "Igreja da Misericrdia"


13
Convento de Jesus / Museu de Aveiro
The Convent was built in 1462 by order of D. Brites Leitoa. This building is connected
to Saint Joana of Portugal, known for her devotion to religion and where she lived until
her death. The tomb of Saint Joana is located under the low choir and it is made in marble
and designed by Joo Antunes. Also, inside the Convent it can be found mannerist
chapels.
The museum was installed inside the Convent in 1911 and contains several elements of
great importance for the region and for the country, such as: paintings, sculptures, golden
wooden work, tiles, fabrics, jewellery and manuscripts.
Recently it went through a requalification work made by the architect Alcino Soutinho.
The building is considered a National Monument since 1910.

Picture 5 - "Convento de Jesus / Museu de Aveiro"



14
Picture 6 - Blue print of the Cathedral
S de Aveiro
The Cathedral of Aveiro was built in 1464 and at the time was known by the name of
So Domingos Church and it was composed by the main chapel without the high choir
and it had one central nave and two lateral naves. The Cathedral suffered several
alterations between the 16
th
and 18
th
Centuries, therefore this Cathedral is composed by
elements of mannerist, baroque and contemporary style.
In the year of 1835 it was converted in the main of church of the Nossa Senhora da
Glria parish. The title of Cathedral of Aveiro was only given in 1838 by order of the
Pope Pio XI. It is divided in 16 areas:
1. Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Misericrdia
2. Chapel of Santa Joana
3. Chapel of Corao de Jesus
4. Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Rosrio
5. Tiles panels
6. Nossa Senhora da Escadinha window
7. Primitive walls
8. Tube Organs
9. Cadeirais
10. Alterpiece
11. Oratory of Nossa Senhora de Ftima
12. Chapel of Santssimo Sacramento
13. Chapel of Senhor dos Passos
14. Chapel of Visitao
15. Cruzeiro de So Domingos
16. Frontaria


15
Museums
Vista Alegre Museum
Aveiro is the home of the famous Vista Alegre porcelains. The museum was inaugurated
in 1964 in the interior of the original factory where these delicate pieces are produced.
This museum is one of the most visited attractions in Aveiro and it contains the
development and evolution of the porcelain history in the last 200 years. In display there
are also the tools and how these were used in the production of this fine art.




Picture 7 - Vista Alegre Museum



16
Arte Nova Museum
The Arte Nova museum opened to the public in 2012 and is located in one of the most
famous buildings of the city, the Major Pessoa house.
This house was built by Francisco Silva Rocha and Ernesto Korrodi. On the ground floor
there is the Music room and the Tea room. Moving up to the first floor theres the Artists
gallery, the Architects of Aveiro room, an interpretative exposition and the auditorium.
The last floor its for temporary expositions.
This building is part of a net of buildings, twenty-eight in total, with the purpose of being
an Arte Nova itinerary, therefore it was adapted by the designer Francisco Providncia
to become a museum. Aveiro is considered the capital of this architectural style.


Picture 8 - "Arte Nova" Museum

17
Other attractions
Aveiro University

The University of Aveiro is one of the best universities of the country. It is divided in
fifteen departments which are:
Ambiente e Ordenamento
Biologia
Educao
Comunicao e Arte
Economia, Gesto e
Engenharia Industrial
Eletrnica, Telecomunicaes
e Informtica
Engenharia Cermica e do
Vidro
Engenharia Civil
Engenharia Mecnica
Fisica
Geocincias
Linguas e Cultura
Matemtica
Quimica
Cincias Sociais, Politicas e do
Territrio

Besides these departments it also includes Polytechnic schools (4), Independent sections
(1), Investigation facilities (13) and Labs (4).
The campus is like a small city with approximately forty buildings that include: teaching
facilities, investigation facilities, accommodation or student residences, cafeterias and
bars, farmacy, bank, travel agency, post office, libraries, health centre, sports complex,
conference rooms, galleries, kindergartens and day care, green areas and a students
lounge. In resume it contains all the facilities in one unique space.
The buildings were designed by some of the best Portuguese architects such as lvaro
Siza Vieira, Eduardo Souto Moura, Adalberto Dias and Alcino Soutinho.

18
Porto de Aveiro
The Port of Aveiro was built in the 18
th
Century and is located in a lagoon, part of the
Ria de Aveiro. It is a classified as a special protection area (ZPE), which is of particular
importance for the existence of an extensive range of species, regarding wetland
conservation.
This port aims at handling multiple types of goods, has several terminals, with
approximately 5000m long, where takes place the handling of solid or liquid bulk, general
cargo, among other goods. It also has terminals for the fishing activities and also provides
products for the central and northern regions of Portugal, as well for Spain.
The Port of Aveiro is administrated by APA. (Administrao do Porto de Aveiro).

Picture 9 - "Porto de Aveiro"



19
Teatro Aveirense
The Teatro Aveirense started being projected in 1854 when the Municipality bought
the land for the construction of a new show room for the city, because the few local rooms
at the time did not meet the needs of the local actors and population.
It started being built in the following year but due to financial problems the works stopped
and the situation dragged until the year of 1870. In 1879 the Sociedade Construtora e
Administrativa do Teatro Aveirense takes responsibility for construction, administration
and maintenance of the future space. Some of the richest local figures at the time gave
money for the construction of the theatre which was concluded in 1881.
The premier of the Aveirense Theatre was in the 5
th
of March of 1882 with a play of the
company of the D. Maria II National Theatre and from that moment on other plays
followed also with music, dance and opera shows from Portuguese and foreigner artists.
In 1910 the theatre was closed for renovation works and opened two years later with a
new feature, the capability of displaying movies. Meanwhile the financial difficulties
came back once more and the activities of the theatre were shut down in 1947 and the
interior was renovated, in a project by Ernesto Korrodi. It re-opened to the public in 1949
with a capacity of over 1000 seats.
The theatre was acquired by the Aveiro Municipality in 1998, with the purpose of
preserving it as part of the local patrimony and new renovation works began in 2000. It
opened to the public in the 23
rd
of October of 2003. Nowadays is considered a Building
of Public Interest.



Picture 10 - "Teatro Aveirense"

20
Mercado do Peixe de Aveiro
The Mercado do Peixe of Aveiro is one of the most visited attractions of the city. It is
located near the Ria de Aveiro in a Square well known for being the place where
students gather at Thursday night.
It was built in 1910 and it sells fish, vegetables and fruit every morning. In the upper floor
it has a restaurant called Mercado do Peixe with a modern decoration that serves
specialities of fresh fish and seafood.

Picture 11 - "Mercado do Peixe"



BUGA (Bicicleta de Utilizao Gratuita de Aveiro)
The bicycle is the cheapest, healthy and probably the most beautiful way of seeing Aveiro.
There are many spots located throughout the town, including the bus and train terminals
that provide the opportunity for the visitors to experience a new and ecological type of
sightseeing. This is an example that other cities should follow.
Picture 12 - "BUGA"

21
Farol da Barra de Aveiro
The Barra Lighthouse of Aveiro was built in the 19
th
Century, between the years of 1885
e 1893. It was designed by Paulo Benjamim Cabral but concluded by Maria de Melo e
Matos. It was electrified in 1936 and connected to the Electricity Distribution Net in 1950,
prior to that it functioned using oil.
It is considered to be the highest lighthouse of Portugal and the second highest in the
Iberian Peninsula with 62m high, placed 66m above the sea level.
This lighthouse is composed by a concrete structure 6m wide and a cylinder with 44,5m
high. On top is the light that has a range of 23 nautical miles (+/-43km). It has a spiral
staircase with 271 steps. Nowadays it has an elevator.

Picture 13 - "Farol da Barra Aveiro"


22
Aveiro Rossio Hostel
The Aveiro Rossio Hostel is a house with more than a hundred years old, located at Praa
do Rossio, in the heart of the city of Aveiro, near to the main attractions.
This Eco-Friendly hostel opened in 2009 and it was the first Eco-hostel of Portugal,
receiving the awards of Best Staff in 2010 and its one of the top10 Eco hostels in the
world.
During 9 months of the year, all the hot water that the Hostel uses is heated by solar panels
and many of the furniture used in the hotel is recycled. It also has water saving systems
in all the taps and toilets, as well as energy saving light bulbs.
The hostel is composed by three private rooms and four dormitories, each one with a
different theme and mini bar. In the interior it also includes a common living room with
computers, Wi-Fi and books, a dining room, a kitchen, luggage room and a laundry. In
the exterior it has a patio, a terrace and parking spaces. The reception is opened 24h/day.

Picture 14 - Aveiro Rossio Hostel

23
Beaches
Aveiro is also known for its beaches of white sand such as the Barra and Costa Nova
beaches. The Barra beach has more than 500m long and is the favourite spot for
practicing nautical sports, namely surf, offering great conditions and several surf schools.
It also has a camping park next to the beach. Near this beach is located the Lighthouse
and the barra bridge. It is part of the Rota da Luz which is a touristic itinerary.
The Costa Nova beach, also known as Costa Nova do Prado, is part of the Rota da
Luz and it is an excellent spot for practicing nautical sports such as: windsurf, kitesurf
and sailing. The trade mark of this beach are the palheiros painted houses with vertical
lines in vivid and happy colours.

Picture 15 - "Praia da Barra"




24
Reserva Natural das Dunas de So Jacinto
The Natural Reserve is located in the north strand of the Ria de Aveiro. It was created
in the year of 1979 with the purpose of protecting the dunes, the fauna and flora. It is
considered one of the relics of the coastal ecosystem of Portugal and one of the most well
preserved of Europe.
The area is highly searched by bird watchers and for the observation of its fauna and flora.
Connected to the reserve there are also centenary trees and the whole area is used for
educational purposes, for that reason is considered another ex-libris of Aveiro.
It has a total area of 960 ha and several paths that can be followed by anyone who visits
it, using adequate equipment.

Picture 16 - "Reserva Natural das Dunas de S.Jacinto"


25
Green Areas
Parque Infante Dom Pedro
The park is also known by the name of Parque da Cidade and it was constructed in 1862
as part of the old property of the Santo Antnio Convent. The park grew along the
property creating a series of ponds and fountains that bring even more beauty to the area.
It also houses a gazebo, several bridges, trees, waterfalls, tiles panels, flowers, staircases
and a tea house.
Parque de Santo Antnio
The Parque de Santo Antnio was created in the 1980s as a extension of the Parque
da Cidade and it houses a radical park and several game fields. It is also here that many
of the newcomer students of the university go through their academic hazing.
Jardim do Rossio
This garden is located near the Ria de Aveiro and is a typical neighbourhood garden
surrounded by buildings. It is a small area that offers to its visitors a quiet and relaxed
atmosphere.






Picture 17 - "Parque da Cidade" and "Jardim do Rossio"

26
Festivities and Handicrafts
Festivities
Aveiro has several festivities all year around and these are very appreciated by the local
people and visitors. These festivities are connected to religious aspects and to traditions
of the city people, such as:
Festa de S. Gonalinho
Entrega dos Ramos
Festa da Ria
Festas do Municpio
Handicrafs
The handicraft work is one of the most important activities of Aveiro. There is a wide
variety of handmade products, however we can emphasize the ceramic because of its
history and quality. Also there are other handcrafts in the area such as: lace and
embroidery, wood work, rags, iron work, tin work and baskets. These activities continue
to characterize the way of living of the people from Aveiro. Every year, in the month of
August it takes place an important handicraft fair, called FARAV, which gathers
craftsmen of the whole country.




Picture 18 - Handmade "Moliceiro"

27
Gastronomy
The gastronomical traditions of Aveiro are mostly connected to the sweetened flavours
of the delicious pastries created in the region. One of those famous flavours are the typical
Ovos Moles introduced by the Convent of Jesus nuns. Nowadays the ovos moles are
the symbol of the gastronomy of Aveiro. Nevertheless, there are another well-known
pastries such as: raivas, ovos em fio, barrigas de freira, regueifa doce, castanhas
doces, cavacas and folar.






However, there are also typical meat and fish dishes of the region. Being a fishermen
region the fish dishes could not be forgotten in the local cuisine and we can refer the
following: caldeirada de enguias, enguias de escabeche, raia em molho pitau and
espetadas de mexilho. For meat dishes we can refer several examples such as:
carneiro lampantana, leito assado, chanfana de borrego, chanfana de cabrito
and chourio com grelos.




Picture 19 - "Ovos moles"
Picture 20 - "Espetada de Mexilhes"

28
Conclusion
Aveiro is a city full of tradition and culture, with several marks in architecture and in the
activities that can be experienced in the city. The region had the ability of allying the
cultural and traditional aspects to the touristic activities. Aveiro is one of most ancient
regions of Portugal and it is rich in important buildings, natural aspects, handicrafts and
gastronomy.
The several museums of the city tell us a little of the history of the area, from where we
can highlight the Vista Alegre Museum, which displays a wide gallery and the evolution
of the ceramic in Aveiro. Architecturally the Arte Nova elements stand out and are
visible throughout the city, turning Aveiro in one of the capitals of this style in Portugal.
The city has also a lot of green areas that offers to its visitors and local people moments
of relaxation. We cannot forget Aveiros beautiful coastal beaches which are a landmark
for nautical sports and it also includes a Natural Reserve unique at a European level. The
port has also a high relevance, mostly for its importance to the local economy.
Gastronomically speaking its main attraction are the ovos moles that gives a unique
flavour when visiting Aveiro.
From a touristic point of view, the city is well organized, offering a good variety of
infrastructures capable of satisfying all its visitors and a good range of activities such as
the boat rides in the famous moliceiros.
The city life can be mentioned because it is connected to the local traditions such as the
fishing and the harvesting of the seaweed and also the academic life brought by the
existence of one of the best universities in the country.
In conclusion Aveiro is a city connected to its cultural roots and the youth that gives life
and personality to the city.

29
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30
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