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Shri VileParle Kelvani Mandal’s

Dwarkadas J. Sanghavi College


of Engineering
Computer Engineering
Department

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From:-

03. NISHAD CHAYYA


07. URVISH DESAI
08. VIRAJ DESAI
10. PRANAV GANDHI

Shri VileParle Kelvani Mandal’s


Dwarkadas J. Sanghavi College of
Engineering
Computer Engineering Department

CERTIFICATE

This to certify that Shri/Kum.


,Roll No., _______
studying in the third year of engineering in
the Computer Department has successfully
completed the project of Advanced
Database Systems under the guidance of
Prof.(Mrs.) Shubhangi Gawali.

The project topic is

Subject-in-charge:
Date:
ADBS Theory
DBS:

A database management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and


a set of programs to access those data. The primary goal of a DBMS is to
provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient
and efficient.

Some representative applications of database systems are:


Banking
Airlines
Sales
Telecommunication
Manufacturing

Instances And Schemas :

The overall design of the database is called the database schema.


The collection of information stored in the database at a particular moment is
called an instance of the database.

Data Models:

Underlying the structure of a database is the data model: a collection of


conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics, and
consistency constraints.

The Entity-Relationship Model:

The ER model is based on a perception of the real world that consists of a


collection of basic objects called entities, and of relationships among these
objects. It represents the database schema at the logical level. It is a semantic
data model and is very useful in mapping the meanings and interactions of the
real world enterprises into a conceptual schema.

The ER model employs three basic structures: entity sets, relationship sets, and
attributes.
Entities And Entity Sets:

An entity is an object in the real world that is distinguishable from all other
objects.
Examples: a person, a football club.

A set of entities of the same type is called an entity set.


Examples: the set of all Resumes, set of all Jobs.

An entity is represented by a set of attributes, which are descriptive properties


possessed by each member of an entity set. Each entity has a value for each of
its attributes. For each attribute there is a set of permissible values, called the
domain, or value set, of that attribute.
Types of attributes:
Simple
Composite
Single-valued
Multi-valued

Relationship And Relationship Sets:

A relationship is an association among several entities.


Examples: relationship associating a player with a club.

A relationship set is a set of relationships of the same type.


Examples: relationship set consisting of relations associating a club with
it’s manager.

Mapping Cardinalities:

Mapping cardinalities, or cardinality ratios, express the number of entities to


which another entity can be associated via a relationship set.
For a binary relation it must be one of the following:
One to One
One to Many
Many to One
Many to Many

Participation Constraints:

The participation of an entity set E in a relationship R is said to total if every


entity in E participates in at least one relationship in R. If this is not true, the
participation is said to be partial.
Keys :

A super key is a set of one or more attributes that, taken collectively, uniquely
identify an entity in an entity set.

A super key for which no proper subset is a super key is called a candidate key.

The primary key is the candidate key that is chosen by the designer to uniquely
identify an entity.

Weak Entity Sets :

An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is
called a weak entity set.

It must be associated with another entity set, called the identifying or owner
entity set. A weak entity set is said to be existence dependent on the identifying
set.

The relationship associating the weak entity set with the identifying entity set is
called the identifying relationship.

A set of attributes that provide a means of distinguishing among all those


entities in a weak entity set that depend on a particular strong entity is called
the discriminator.

Extended E-R Features:

Specialization:

The process of designating sub groupings within an entity set is called


specialization.
Example: The specialization of Job details allows us to distinguish among
Eligibility details and Interview details according to the job requirements.

Generalization:

Generalization is a process in which multiple entity sets are synthesized into


higher –level entity set on the basis of common features.
Generalization can be regarded as a simple inversion of specialization.

Aggregation:

Aggregation is an abstraction through which relationships are treated as higher-


level entities. It helps to avoid redundancy and reduce execution cost.
Example: The relationship sets Officiated and Commented represent aggregation
in which the entity sets Referee and Commentator are associated with Matches
which itself is a relation.
Table Creation And Insertion

MEMBER FUNCTIONS:

Type – Date_ty

create or replace type date_ty as object (birthdate date, member function


age(birthdate date)return number);

1 create or replace type body date_ty as member function age (birthdate


date) return
number is
2 a number;
3 b number;
4 begin
5 select to_char(birthdate, 'YYYY')into a from dual;
6 select to_char(birthdate, 'YYYY')into b from dual;
7 return(b-a);
8 end;
9 end;

CREATE TYPES:

1. View - Skills
create or replace type skills as varray(5) of varchar(20) not final;

2. View – Personal Details


create or replace type personaldet as object(gender varchar(5), mstatus
varchar(6),
dob date_ty) not final;

desc personaldet;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

GENDER VARCHAR2(5)
MSTATUS VARCHAR2(6)
DOB DATE_TY

3. View – Qualification
create or replace type qualification as object(degree varchar(5), year varchar(4),
univ varchar(20)) not final;

desc qualification
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

DEGREE VARCHAR2(5)
YEAR VARCHAR2(4)
UNIV VARCHAR2(20)
4. View – Qualific
create or replace type qualific as varray(3) of qualification not final;

desc qualific
qualific VARRAY(3) OF QUALIFICATION
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

DEGREE VARCHAR2(5)
YEAR VARCHAR2(4)
UNIV VARCHAR2(20)

5. View – Jobdettemp
create or replace type jobdettemp as object(post varchar(10), jyear number,
area
varchar(10), company varchar(10), exp number) not final;

desc jobdettemp
jobdettemp is NOT FINAL
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

POST VARCHAR2(10)
JYEAR NUMBER
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
COMPANY VARCHAR2(10)
EXP NUMBER

6. View - Jobdet
create or replace type jobdet as varray(3) of jobdettemp not final;

desc jobdet
jobdet VARRAY(3) OF JOBDETTEMP
JOBDETTEMP is NOT FINAL
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
POST VARCHAR2(10)
JYEAR NUMBER
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
COMPANY VARCHAR2(10)
EXP NUMBER
7. View - Account
create or replace type account as object(email varchar(40), username
varchar(20), pass
varchar(20)) not final;

desc account
account is NOT FINAL
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMAIL VARCHAR2(40)
USERNAME VARCHAR2(20)
PASS VARCHAR2(20)

8. View - Phone
create or replace type phone as varray(3) of number(10) not final;

desc phone
phone VARRAY(3) OF NUMBER(10)

9. View - Comp
create or replace type comp under account(coid number, cname varchar(20),
cperson
varchar(20), area varchar(20), phoneno phone) not final;

desc comp
comp extends SYSTEM.ACCOUNT
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMAIL VARCHAR2(40)
USERNAME VARCHAR2(20)
PASS VARCHAR2(20)
COID NUMBER
CNAME VARCHAR2(20)
CPERSON VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(20)
PHONENO PHONE
10. View - Name
create or replace type name as object(first varchar(20), middle varchar(20), last
varchar(20)) not final;

desc name
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

FIRST VARCHAR2(20)
MIDDLE VARCHAR2(20)
LAST VARCHAR2(20)

11. View - CResume


create or replace type cresume under account(cid number, cname name, addr
varchar(20),
phonno phone,pdetails personaldet, qdetails qualific, jdetails jobdet, skill skills)
not final;

desc cresume
cresume extends SYSTEM.ACCOUNT
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMAIL VARCHAR2(40)
USERNAME VARCHAR2(20)
PASS VARCHAR2(20)
CID NUMBER
CNAME NAME
ADDR VARCHAR2(20)
PHONNO PHONE
PDETAILS PERSONALDET
QDETAILS QUALIFIC
JDETAILS JOBDET
SKILL SKILLS

12. View - Jobtemp


Create or replace type jobtemp as object(jid number, description varchar(20),
area
varchar(10), location varchar(20)) not final;

desc jobtemp
jobtemp is NOT FINAL
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

JID NUMBER
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
LOCATION VARCHAR2(20)
13. View - Elig
create or replace type elig under jobtemp(degree varchar(5),exp number,skill
skills)
not final;

desc elig
elig extends SYSTEM.JOBTEMP
elig is NOT FINAL
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

JID NUMBER
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
LOCATION VARCHAR2(20)
DEGREE VARCHAR2(5)
EXP NUMBER
SKILL SKILLS

14. View - Inter


create or replace type inter under jobtemp(vdate date, venu varchar(10)) not
final;

desc inter
inter extends SYSTEM.JOBTEMP
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

JID NUMBER
DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
LOCATION VARCHAR2(20)
VDATE DATE
VENU VARCHAR2(10)
CREATE TABLES:

1. Table - Acc
create table acc of account(primary key(email,username));

desc acc
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMAIL NOT NULL VARCHAR2(40)


USERNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20)
PASS VARCHAR2(20)

2. Table - Company
create table company of comp(primary key(coid));

desc company
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMAIL VARCHAR2(40)
USERNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20)
PASS VARCHAR2(20)
COID NOT NULL NUMBER
CNAME VARCHAR2(20)
CPERSON VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(20)
PHONENO PHONE

3. Table - Candidate
create table candidate of cresume(primary key(cid));

desc candidate
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

EMAIL VARCHAR2(40)
USERNAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20)
PASS VARCHAR2(20)
CID NOT NULL NUMBER
CNAME NAME
ADDR VARCHAR2(20)
PHONNO PHONE
PDETAILS PERSONALDET
QDETAILS QUALIFIC
JDETAILS JOBDET
SKILL SKILLS
4. Table - Jobs
create table jobs of jobtemp(primary key(jid));

desc jobs
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

JID NOT NULL NUMBER


DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
LOCATION VARCHAR2(20)

5. Table - Interview
create table interview of inter(jid references jobs(jid), primary key(jid));

desc interview
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

JID NOT NULL NUMBER


DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
LOCATION VARCHAR2(20)
VDATE DATE
VENU VARCHAR2(10)

6. Table - Eligibility
create table eligiblity of elig(jid references jobs(jid), primary key(jid));

desc eligiblity
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

JID NOT NULL NUMBER


DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(20)
AREA VARCHAR2(10)
LOCATION VARCHAR2(20)
DEGREE VARCHAR2(5)
EXP NUMBER
SKILL SKILLS
CREATE RELATIONS:

1. Relation - Posts
create table posts(coid number references company(coid), jid number references
jobs(jid), primary key(coid,jid))

2. Relation - Calls
create table calls(cid number references candidate(cid), jid number references
interview(jid), primary key(cid,jid))

CREATE SEQUENCE:

1. Sequence - setcoid
create sequence setcoid
2 increment by 1
3 start with 100
4 ;

2. Sequence - setcid
create sequence setcid
2 increment by 1
3 start with 1
4 ;

3. Sequence - setjid
create sequence setjid
2 increment by 1
3 start with 1
4 ;

CREATE SYNONYMS :

create synonym iselected for interview;

CREATE VIEWS

create view e_candidate as select cid, qdetails from candidate;


CREATE INDEXES :

create index ind1 on company(coid, cname);

desc user_indexes;

create index ind2 on jobs(area);

select table_name, index_name, index_type from user_indexes;

desc user_segments;

Name Null? Type


----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SEGMENT_NAME VARCHAR2(81)
PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
SEGMENT_TYPE VARCHAR2(18)
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
BYTES NUMBER
BLOCKS NUMBER
EXTENTS NUMBER
INITIAL_EXTENT NUMBER
NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER
MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER
MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER
PCT_INCREASE NUMBER
FREELISTS NUMBER
FREELIST_GROUPS NUMBER
BUFFER_POOL VARCHAR2(7)

alter table jobs add(annualreport CLOB);


INHERITANCE:

1. Insert into both acc and company


insert into acc Values
(comp('&email','&username','&pass',setcoid.nextval,'&cname','&cperson','&area',
phone(&ph1,&ph2)))
select treat (value(p) as comp) from acc p
select value(p) from acc p where value(p) is of (comp);

2. Insert into both acc and company


insert into acc values(cresume('&email','&username','&pass',setcid.nextval,
name('&first','&middle','&last'),'&addr',
phone(&ph1,&ph2),
personaldet('&gender','&mstatus',date_ty('&birthdate')),
qualific(qualification('&degree','&year','&univ'),
qualification('&degree','&year','&univ')),
jobdet(jobdettemp('&post',&jyear,'&area','&company',&exp),jobdettemp('&post',
&jyear,'&area',
'&company',&exp)),
skills('&sk1','&sk2')))
select treat (value(p) as cresume) from acc p
select value(p) from acc p where value(p) is of (cresume);

3. Insert into both jobs and eligibility of that job


insert into jobs values
(elig(&jid,'&description','&area','&location','&degree',&exp,skills('&s1','&s2')))
select treat (value(p) as elig) from jobs p
select value(p) from jobs p where value(p) is of (elig);

CREATE TRIGGRS

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER too_young


AFTER insert OR update
ON candidate FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF : new.pdetails.dob(new.pdetails.dob.birthdate) <18
THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(20001,’APPLICANT MUST BE 18 YEARS OF AGE TO
POST HIS/HER RESUM THANK YOU FOR VISITING’);
END IF;
END;
INSERT QUERIES :

insert into acc values('&email','&username','&pass')

SQL> insert into company


values('&email','&username','&pass',setcoid.nextval,'&cname','&cperson','&area',
phone(&ph1,&ph2));
Enter value for email: acc@accenture.com
Enter value for username: ACCENTURE
Enter value for pass: 123
Enter value for cname: ACCENTURE
Enter value for cperson: Judas
Enter value for area: IT
Enter value for ph1: 28765647
Enter value for ph2: 9898098765
old 1: insert into company
values('&email','&username','&pass',setcoid.nextval,'&cname','&cperson','&area',
phone(&ph1,&ph2))
new 1: insert into company
values('acc@accenture.com','ACCENTURE','123',setcoid.nextval,'ACCENTURE','Ju
das','IT',phone(28765647,9898098765))

1 row created.

insert into candidate values('&email','&username','&pass',setcid.nextval,


name('&first','&middle','&last'),'&addr',
phone(&ph1,&ph2),
personaldet('&gender','&mstatus',date_ty('&birthdate')),
qualific(qualification('&degree','&year','&univ'),
qualification('&degree','&year','&univ')),
jobdet(jobdettemp('&post',&jyear,'&area','&company',&exp),jobdettemp('&post',
&jyear,'&area',
'&company',&exp)),
skills('&sk1','&sk2'))

insert into jobs values(setjid.nextval,'&dscription','&area','&location')

insert into eligiblity


values(&jid,'&description','&area','&location','&degree',&exp,skills('&s1','&s2'))

insert into interview values(&jid,'&desc','&area','&loc','&date','&venue')

SQL> insert into calls values ('&cid', '&jid');


Enter value for cid: 8
Enter value for jid: 1
old 1: insert into calls values ('&cid', '&jid')
new 1: insert into calls values ('8', '1')

1 row created.
SQL> insert into posts values ('&coid', '&jid');
Enter value for coid: 120
Enter value for jid: 1
old 1: insert into posts values ('&coid', '&jid')
new 1: insert into posts values ('120', '1')

1 row created.
SQL Queries

1. Account
SQL> select * from acc;

EMAIL USERNAME PASS


------------------------------------------ ------------------------------- ------------
virajcdesai@gmail.com viraj 12345
pranavgandhi01@gmail.com pranav 12345
nicthegladiator@yahoo.com nishad 12345
tapan269@gmail.com tapan 12345
urvish_techguy@hotmail.com urvish 12345
khyati310@gmail.com khyati 12345
namya26@hotmail.com namrata 12345
resha232@hotmail.com resha 12345
huzaifa.n@gmail.com huzaifa 12345
karandeajinkya@hotmail.com ajinkya 12345
priyankmg@gmail.com priyank 12345

11 rows selected.

2. Candidate
SQL> select * from candidate;

EMAIL USERNAME PASS CID CNAME(FIRST, MIDDLE,


LAST) ADDR PHONNO
------------------------------------ -------------------- ------------- -------
--------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
---------------
virajcdesai@gmail.com viraj 12345 8 NAME('Viraj',
'Chetan', 'Desai') Borivali PHONE(28861977, 9920231580)
resha232@hotmail.com resha 12345 11 NAME('Resha',
'Pravin', 'Haria') Borivali PHONE(28334455, 9876538712)
namya26@hotmail.com namrata 12345 12 NAME('Namrata',
'Kumar', 'Damania') Churchgate PHONE(26648899, 9833987654)
nictheator@yahoo.com nishad 12345 13 NAME('Nishad',
'Ketan', 'Chhaya') Malad PHONE(28333482, 9819518722)
pgandhi01@gmail.com pranav 12345 14 NAME('Pranav',
'Kumar', 'Gandhi') Goregaon PHONE(28735467, 9869065481)
urvish@hotmail.com urvish 12345 15 NAME('Urvish',
'Pinakin', 'Desai') Parle PHONE(26145678, 9820173354)
USERNAME PDETAILS(GENDER, MSTATUS, DOB(BIRTHDATE))
---------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
viraj PERSONALDET('male', 'single', DATE_TY('22-MAR-88'))
resha PERSONALDET('fema', 'marr', DATE_TY('23-FEB-88'))
namrata PERSONALDET('fema', 'single', DATE_TY('26-OCT-87'))
nishad PERSONALDET('male', 'single', DATE_TY('14-MAY-87'))
pranav PERSONALDET('male', 'marr', DATE_TY('22-JAN-87'))
urvish PERSONALDET('male', 'single', DATE_TY('14-JUL-87'))

USERNAME QDETAILS(DEGREE, YEAR, UNIV)


-----------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
viraj QUALIFIC(QUALIFICATION('BE', '2009', 'MU'), QUALIFICATION('MBA',
'2011', 'IIM-A'))
resha QUALIFIC(QUALIFICATION('BA', '2008', 'MU'), QUALIFICATION('MA',
'2010', 'MU'))
namrata QUALIFIC(QUALIFICATION('BCom', '2008', 'MU'),
QUALIFICATION('Mcom', '2010', 'MU'))
nishad QUALIFIC(QUALIFICATION('BE', '2009', 'MU'),
QUALIFICATION('MS', '2011', 'CSU'))
pranav QUALIFIC(QUALIFICATION('BE', '2009', 'MU'),
QUALIFICATION('MBA', '2011', 'NMIMS'))
urvish QUALIFIC(QUALIFICATION('BE', '2009', 'MU'), QUALIFICATION('MS',
'2011', 'CSU'))

USERNAME JDETAILS(POST, JYEAR, AREA, COMPANY, EXP)

---------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
viraj JOBDET(JOBDETTEMP('Trainee', 2011, 'IT', 'TCS', 1),
JOBDETTEMP('Manager', 2012, 'IT', 'TCS', 3))
resha JOBDET(JOBDETTEMP('Trainee', 2010, 'Finance', 'TCS', 1),
JOBDETTEMP('Manager', 2011, 'Finance', 'AIRTEL', 2))
namrata JOBDET(JOBDETTEMP('Accountant', 2010, 'Finance', 'INFOSYS', 1),
JOBDETTEMP('Accountant', 2011, 'Finance', 'TCS', 2))
nishad JOBDET(JOBDETTEMP('Trainee', 2011, 'IT', 'AIRTEL', 1),
JOBDETTEMP('Manager', 2012, 'Finance', 'TCS', 2))
pranav JOBDET(JOBDETTEMP('Trainee', 2011, 'Finance', 'INFOSYS', 1),
JOBDETTEMP('Accountant', 2012, 'Finance', 'TCS', 2))
urvish JOBDET(JOBDETTEMP('Trainee', 2011, 'IT', 'PATNI', 1),
JOBDETTEMP('Manager', 2012, 'IT', 'TCS', 2))
USERNAME SKILLS
----------------------- ---------------
viraj SKILLS('Java', 'C')
resha SKILLS('Accounts', 'Java')
namrata SKILLS('Java', 'Accounts')
nishad SKILLS('Java', 'Accounts')
pranav SKILLS('C', 'C++')
urvish SKILLS('Oracle', 'HTML')

6 rows selected.

3. Calls

SQL> select * from calls;

CID JID
---------- ----------
8 1
8 2
8 4
8 5
15 1
14 2
13 5
13 6
12 4
11 4
11 2

11 rows selected.
4. Company

SQL> select * from company;

EMAIL USERNAME PASS COID CNAME


------------------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------- ----------
--------------------
acc@accenture.com ACCENTURE 123 120 ACCENTURE
tcs@tcs.com TCS 123 121 TCS
air@airtel.com AIRTEL 123 122 AIRTEL
info@infosys.com INFOSYS 123 123 INFOSYS
patni@patni.com PATNI 123 124 PATNI

USERNAME CPERSON AREA PHONENO


---------------------------- ----------------------------- -------------- ---------------
ACCENTURE Judas IT PHONE(28765647, 9898098765)
TCS Ratan IT PHONE(26426767, 9876546780)
AIRTEL ShahRukh Finance PHONE(24145665, 9920233445)
INFOSYS Narayan IT PHONE(24427656, 9920076876)
PATNI Yakub Finance PHONE(26678909, 9821345678)

5. Eligibility

SQL> select * from eligiblity;

JID DESCRIPTION AREA LOCATION DEGRE EXP SKILL


------- ------------------------------- ---------- ----------------------
------------- -------- -----------
1 Manager IT Dadar MBA 2
SKILLS('Java', 'C')
2 Trainee IT Borivali BE 1
SKILLS('C', 'Accounts')
3 Accountant Finance Borivali BA 2
SKILLS('Oracle', 'Java')
4 Trainee Finance Malad BCom 2
SKILLS('Accounts', 'Java')
6. Interview

select * from interview;

JID DESCRIPTION AREA LOCATION VDATE VENU


---------- ------------------------------ -------------- ------------------------
------------------- ----------
1 Trainee IT Dadar 22-APR-09
Dadar
2 Manager IT Borivali 24-APR-09
Dadar
4 Accountant Finance Malad 25-APR-09
Malad
5 Manager Finance Santacruz 22-APR-09
Santacruz
6 Trainee Finance Parle 23-APR-09
Parle

7. Jobs

SQL> select * from jobs;

JID DESCRIPTION AREA LOCATION


-------- ------------------------ ------------ --------------------
1 Manager IT Dadar
2 Manager Finance Dadar
3 Trainee IT Borivali
4 Accountant Finance Parle
5 Manager IT Malad
6 Trainee Finance Dadar

6 rows selected.

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