Transportation is an essential element of human society.

They are indispensable for all areas of social, economic and cultural
life, but require substantial costs to the entire community by significant effects. In the long term the effects on the
environment, directly or indirectly affect the health of the population.
Transport policy provides tracing negative share of of activity in this sector on the environment. also directs consumers to the
modes of transport as environmentally friendly.
One of the main anthropogenic sources of environmental pollution is the transport.
The main issues in this category are:
- Air pollution caused by wear private fleet, transportation and industry, due to non-compliance of exhaust emissions;
- Environmental pollution caused by excessive use of private cars consequence of unsatisfactory supply transport system;
- Air pollution, noise and vibration of rural roads caused by wear;
- Creating discomfort for people and wear roads, heavy traffic generated by serving quarries and other extractive industry
targets (scaffolding petroleum mining);
- The traffic noise;
- Adoption of a non-organic waste management and specific pollutants (carbon oils, suspensions and detergents in
wastewater);
In recent decades, Europe, have taken a number of measures to limit the adverse effects on the environment and human
existence generated by uncontrolled development of transport activities . A number of international studies allowed
assessment of the effects of different modes of transport on the environment , and to define the main guidelines to be
followed in the transport sector to reduce environmental impact .
Among the effects of the transport has significant effects on human health are those of which the noxiousness of exhaust
gases containing NOx , CO , S02 , CO2 , volatile organic compounds , the particles loaded with heavy metals ( lead,
cadmium , copper , chromium , nickel , selenium , zinc ) . These emissions, along with entrained dust on the road, can cause
acute and chronic respiratory problems and other illnesses aggravated . Heavy traffic , generating high levels of noise and
vibration and sound permanent fund , the conditions for the occurrence of stress, sometimes major implications on health.
Emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides , hydrocarbons , carbon monoxide , particulate matter, cause or exacerbate a
number of health problems.
Traffic impact on health leads to higher incidence of cancers and heart disease , respiratory problems and severity .
Technological improvements that have reduced emissions were offset by increased traffic so that emissions are still rising .
Advanced wear of road ( rural roads , roads for heavy traffic or high demand , access roads to industrial ) and their continued
operation uncompensated periodical maintenance affects the quality of life through increased vehicle maintenance costs and
enable or increased wear .
Making a comparison between the two modes of transport, road transport is the largest source of pollution than rail .
I. The impact of road transport on the environment
Road traffic is the most used mode of transport both people and goods. Environmental impacts consists of :
- Consumption of energy (fuel )
- Emission of air pollutants , particularly greenhouse gas
- Land use with transport routes
- Noise
- Involve serious dangers for man and the environment caused by the lack of security of transport of persons or goods or the
content of transported goods ( substances
flammable , toxic ) .
Urban traffic represents a source of high linear low emissions of pollutants such as: carbon dioxide , carbon monoxide ,
oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, dust , lead , volatile organic compounds .
Urban air pollution due to road traffic is influenced by geographical factors and their specific urban , correlating with
environmental conditions thus created , which in many cases prevents the dispersion of pollutants , so there is a concentration
of them , especially in high traffic areas , the streets of " canyon " .
Road traffic affecting the environment increasingly increasing number of vehicles . Roads built decades ago can not meet the
terms of bearing capacity or in terms of geometric elements in plan and cross section to ensure passage of the current volume
of traffic, or hinder the movement of lorries causing traffic jams sometimes and a slowdown in traffic .
Globally , however , the contribution of these sources to the total emissions of greenhouse gases , ozone precursors and
acidifying air is significant , exceeding in some large urban areas the contribution of other emission sources (industry , etc. . )
. Instead, road and rail are largely responsible for the urban noise pollution in the county. Noise measurements carried out
systematically urban exterior noise indicated that the intersections and streets with heavy traffic , but also in parks ,
recreation areas , noise levels reach or even exceed the equivalent in some cases systematically maximum admitted STAS
10009/1988 .
Unfortunately, systematisation in the localities inherited from the past is one of the causes which, together with the
increase in the number of motor vehicles in traffic , noise causes maintenance .
Taking action by local authorities restricting and diverting traffic, especially in urban civic centers , is the only viable
solution that could reduce pressure from urban noise .
Also, noise protection measures with green curtains to protect road and rail inside the city would be liable to contribute to
the reduction of urban noise discomfort and to improve air quality.
The main problems that increase the impact of road transport on the environment :
- Quality of fuel ;
- Insufficient autobanuri intersection nodes , stations and parking modern car ;
- Poor quality of road cover , especially in neighborhoods ;
- Parking cars in yards, on lawns and sidewalks ;
- Exploiting long and unsatisfactory technical condition of transport units , etc. .
Ways of solving the problem are reflected in National legislation and regulations in force , for example:
Law no. 1515- XII of 16.06.93 on environmental protection ;
Law no. 1422- XIII of 17.12.97 on Air Protection ;
Law no. 1540 -XIII from 25.02.98 on payment for environmental pollution
II . Proposals for improving the impact of transport company
environment and society
Proposals for improving the impact of the transport company on the environment and society are:
. using biodiesel
The three most important aspects of the use of biodiesel in public transport are : pollution, legislative and financial influences
I have listed in this order , according to the importance we place on all subjective , each of these factors and we will briefly
present each one .
POLLUTION : quantifies the values on the bulletin gas emissions that each vehicle starts from the bench ITP . To avoid
discussions that may result from these values and their percentages decrease when using a certain percentage of biodiesel , I
invite you to a different approach to the problem .
It is obvious that neither fuel combustion can release only the amount of items that had accumulated since its creation. Fossil
fuels , which include petroleum and its derivatives , evolve by burning now, the atmosphere , the elements created by nature
hundreds of millions of years ago and could be recycled , possibly in a comparable time .
Biodiesel , produced exclusively from vegetable oil , it emits into the atmosphere than what the plants from which they
gained from nature to one year before .
It is , moreover, the fundamental principle on which the policy of promoting the use of biofuels in the economy.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK : In Romania , biodiesel has been defined as a product , the national standard SR EN 14214/2004 ,
which incorporates the European standardization in the field. The use of a binding minimum regulated by HG
1844/22.12.2005 and application guidelines adopted in the Government meeting of 27.02.2007 .
Under these provisions, all diesel sold in Romania will contain from 01.07.2007 , a percentage of biodiesel will increase
from 2% to 5 % to 1.01.2009 . The rules implementing the Tax Code of 29.12.2006 states that the duty to use biodiesel
additional users , mixed with diesel is 0.
You must mention finally that the biodiesel used as fuel for vehicles, even if it is considered by some as an additive must be
certified by the Romanian Auto Register as a condition of the sale on the market.
Regarding financial benefits should be noted that , considering the low price of diesel , biodiesel price is at least 15 % lower .
This leads to the conclusion that using a fuel containing 25 % biodiesel , you will reduce total spending in this chapter , with
at least 5% .
Respect the burden
Charge rate is very important because a greater mass than that prescribed in the technical of the train leads to wear of both
the tractor and semi-trailer, so the engine, which can wear out due to higher speeds and other causes and the braking system ,
tires or and infrastructure .
Driving style
Driving style has a major role in the overall fuel expenses , and repairs and maintenance of the train , the train driver must
drive at a constant speed to medium engine speeds and in an economical way .
Adjusting optimized torque leads to a reduction in fuel consumption of around 5% .
Rolling resistance of tires
The tires are the only connection between the car and the undercarriage , being some of the most requested songs and most
demanding of all the assembly that represents the vehicle . Tires presents the special quality of being able to transmit forces
only impressive footprint , an area of a postcard .
The tire has three basic functions:
- Takes over and pays normal part of road irregularities ;
- Develop longitudinal acceleration and braking forces ;
- Develop lateral forces for cornering .
Tire rolling resistance is directly proportional to the driving style and the workload of the train .
The rolling resistance is manifested when the tire starts to rotate . The most important resistance level road is up to speeds of
60 to 80 km / h Because rolling resistance tire warming occurs that affects the tire's rolling resistance and flexural fatigue
strength of its material .