CRICKET

Suketu Shah, PT
 AGENDA
• Review of cricket as a game
• Types of bowling
• Technical components
• Practical components
 WHAT IS CRICKET ?
• Bat-and-ball
• Non contact & team sport
• First documented southern
England in the 16th century
• International Governing Body –
International Cricket Council
(ICC)
• 104 countries as members
 WHAT IS CRICKET ? (CONT’D)
• It is played on a cricket
ground with a pitch at the
center
• Two teams with eleven
players each
• One team bats with two
players across the pitch
• Other team bowls and fields
 FACTS…
• First International game documented
- In 1844
- United States Vs Canada
- At St. George’s Park
- Canada won
 BOWLING CLASSIFICATION
1. Fast arm bowler
2. Spin bowler
 BOWLING CLASSIFICATION
1. Fast arm bowler
2. Spin bowler
PHASES OF FAST ARM BOWLING
TECHNICAL COMPONENTS
 FLOW CHART
MECHANICAL • Bowl at maximum speed
OBJECTIVE

UNDERLYING • Momentum, strength and arm force

PRINCIPLES

MOMENTUM
• From the run up to pre delivery stride

ARM FORCE
• From back foot stage to ball release
 FLOW CHART (CONT’D)

INERTIA
• From run up to back foot contact

GRAVITY
• Through out all the phases
MECHANICAL
OBJECTIVE
•BOWL AT MAXIMUM SPEED

• Varies as per individual

• Moreover, the bowling should be done with
perfect line and length

“Shoaib Aktar of Pakistan

is the fastest bowler in
world of cricket with a
speed of 161.3 kmph
(100.2 mph)”
UNDERLYING
PRINCIPLES
•IDENTIFIED AS MAINLY FOUR

1. Momentum
2. Arm force
3. Inertia
4. Gravity
MOMENTUM
•p = m x v

• Product of mass and velocity

• In bowling, long run and forward flex
ARM FORCE
• FROM BACK FOOT TO BALL RELEASE

• Force from shoulder

• Force from other parts leads to injury
• End phase wrist play important role
 • FROM RUN UP TO BACK FOOT
INERTIA CONTACT

• By Newton’s first law:

“A body at rest/motion remains in
rest/motion, unless & until external force is
applied on it”
GRAVITY
• IN ALL THE PHASES

• Force exerted by earth

• Centripetal (pulling force)
PRACTICAL COMPONENT
 WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION?
In simple words as throw bowling:
Throw bowling is chucking the bowl.

• Law 24.3 states –

“A ball is fairly delivered in respect to the
arm if, once the bowler's arm has reached the
level of the shoulder in the delivery swing, the
elbow joint is not straightened partially or
completely from that point until the ball has
left the hand”
WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D)
• A straightened elbow gives unfair advantage
of generating extra speed than ball delivered
with a straight arm.

• However, most bowlers' arms will straighten

because of the sheer forces going through the
body at the point of delivery.
WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D)
• The ICC has now set a maximum limit of 15
degrees of flex, which means that no bowler
can extend their elbow beyond that level

• If the bowler is suspected, bowler has to

undergo biomechanical testing
HOW TO VERIFY AN ILLEGAL
ACTION?
 VICON 3D IMAGING
• Reflectors attached to bowlers body surface
• Converts bowling action into 3D image
• Breaks into
skeletal form
for experts to
indentify the
faults
Camera

Reflector
(Sensor)
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Lasith Malinga Shoaibh Akhtar
BOWLING ACTION OF LASITH
MALINGA
BOWLING ACTION OF SHOIBH
AKHTAR
 SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE
• Debut in 1997
• He is well known for his speed and pace bowls
• Passionate to make world record for speed
• Currently, he is WORLD FASTEST BOWLER
• Controversy, over his bowling style
- his action was cleared by University of
Western Australia, which was due to his
hyper extensible joints
SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE (CONT’D)
• Downfall in his carrier after 2005
• Still facing problems due to rude behavior and
injurious
 SHOAIB AKHTARS STATASTICS
Mat Inns Balls Runs Wkts BBI BBM Ave Econ SR 4w 5w 10

Tests 46 82 8143 4574 178 6/11 11/78 25.69 3.37 45.7 10 12 2

ODIs 144 143 6798 5321 223 6/16 6/16 23.86 4.69 30.4 6 4 0

T20Is 7 7 138 183 8 2/11 2/11 22.87 7.95 17.2 0 0 0

First- 133 20460 12265 467 6/11 26.26 3.59 43.8 28 2

class

List A 79 3873 3165 116 6/16 6/16 27.28 4.90 33.3 7 2 0

Twen 22 22 444 535 25 5/23 5/23 21.40 7.22 17.7 1 1 0

ty20
 LASITH MALINGA PROFILE
• Debut in 2004
• He is well known for his speed and yorker
bowls
• Controversy, over his bowling style
- action attracted a lot of comments
- but his vicon and electromyogram test
reports were negative
 LASITH MALINGA’S STATICTICS

Mat Inns Balls Runs Wkts BBI BBM Ave Econ SR 4w 5w 10

Tests 28 55 4777 3076 91 5/68 9/210 33.80 3.86 52.4 7 2 0

ODIs 62 60 3002 2500 90 4/28 4/28 27.77 4.99 33.3 5 0 0

T20Is 18 18 364 443 23 3/17 3/17 19.26 7.30 15.8 0 0 0

First- 80 11327 7416 242 6/17 30.64 3.92 46.8 16 6 0

class

List A 101 4857 4060 157 5/56 5/56 25.85 5.01 30.9 7 1 0

Twen 43 41 869 974 51 3/11 3/11 19.09 6.72 17.0 0 0 0

ty20
 COMPARSION CONCLUSION
• Akhtar’s dream for delivering fastest bowl
took him to path of drugs and due to his rude
behavior, his average showed a downfall

• Malinga’s average has increased since he

joined international cricket, moreover he is
consistent
COMMON INJURY AMONG CRICKET
Wicket Keeper Spin Bowlers Batsman Fast bowler
30 % 13 % 16 % 41 %

This clearly establishes that fast bowlers as the priority group for
continued injury risk factor research
Orchard et.al., 2005, Sports Health
 WHY ARE BACK INJURIOUS TO FAST
BOWLERS TO CONCERNING?
• Injuries to lumbar vertebrae may not heal
properly
• Can lead to spondylolisthesis–forward slippage
of vertebrae
• Long term consequences:
– Disc problems
– Nerve root compression
– Early degeneration of lumbar spine
 REPETITIVE MICROTRAUMA
(OVERUSE) INJURIES
• Repetitive microtrauma -a number of forces
combine to produce a fatigue effect over time

• Load involved with bowling one delivery might

not exceed critical limit of tissues

• Cumulative effect might result in mechanical

degradation of tissues
FLASH BACK OVER RESEARCH
OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH
• High injury rates to fast bowlers were identified in
an injury surveillance study conducted by Cricket
Australia
• Three risk factors for injury to fast bowlers have
been proposed:

Physical Bowling
Technique
preparation workload

A plan was developed to quantify bowling workload

in an objective, meaningful and reliable manner
 A PILOT STUDY
• 1999/00 (a season later than planned…)
• 12 fast bowlers
• Mean age 25.4 years (range 22 -34)
• Bowling workload prospectively
monitored for match and training
sessions
• Video training sessions 2 times per week
• A range of ideas considered –counter in
bowling marker, hand-held counters
• Needed to develop a protocol that was
acceptable and useful to players
 METHODS

Uninjured Injured

Work load for Work load First injury

Entire Session prior to injury only
SUMMARY OF PILOT STUDY RESULTS
• 7 players (58%) sustained a total of 9 injuries
• Frequency of sessions
– injured = 1.9 days
– uninjured = 3.2 days
• Deliveries per week
– mean = 203
• Match deliveries per month
– mean = 552
 SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
• Common among fast bowlers
• Mostly due to improper techniques
• Common injuries like
- Rotator Cuff injuries
- Biceps Tendon
- Supraspinatus Tendon
- Various other tendonitis
 REHABILITATION
• On field treatment should be given by team
physical therapist:
- Vapocoolant Spray
REHABILITATION (CONT’D)
- Cryo + stretch
- Immobilization
- Massage
- If severe, the bowler has to be taken for
Emergency Care department
 REHBAILITATION (CONT’D)
KEY - Longer & slow rehab
• Minimum of 2 to 4 weeks of
rest following a injury
• PRICE protocol
• Ultrasound
• Manipulation & Mobilization as
graded to player
• Playing at reduced intensity and
gradually building up the pace
 PREVENTION
• Always warm up & stretch
• Workload properly distributed
• Suitable footwear – which can take stress
• Proper technique
• Contact PT urgently whenever required
THANK YOU