Assignment 1

Answers

Chapter 1
i.)

De Morgans law and Double negative law
Commutative law
Taking as one logical variable
Absorption law
Distributive Law
Negation law
Identity law

ii).
Applying
( De Morgans law
Commutative law
Distributive Law
Associative law
Negation law
Universal bound law
Identity law
De Morgans law and Commutative law

Negation law


(iii). (
Applying
De Morgans law and
De Morgans law and Double negative law

Distributive Law
Distributive Law
Negation law
Identity law
Associative law
Negation law


(2)
Converse:
If n is odd or n is 2 then n is a prime.
Inverse:
If n is not a prime then n is not odd and not 2.
Contrapositive:
If n is not odd and not 2 then n is not a prime.

(3)
(i).

T T T T T T T
T T F T F F F
T F T F F F F
T F F F T T T
F T T F F T F
F T F F T F T
F F T T T F T
F F F T F T F

5 and 7 columns contain same truth values for each row.
Therefore
(ii).

T F T T F T F F
T F F F T F T T
F T T T F T F F
F T F T F T T T

7 and 8 columns contain same truth values for each row.
Therefore

(iii).

















T T T T T T T T
T T F T F F F F
T F T F T F F F
T F F F F F F F
F T T T T T T T
F T F T T T F T
F F T T T T F T
F F F T T T F T

6 and 8 columns contain same truth values for each row.
Therefore
(4)

T F T T T T
T F F F F T
F T T T T T
F T F T T T

Proposition is a tautology.



(5)
(i).
(ii).
(iii).

Chapter 2









(1). ={1,2,3,4}




Note: you have to list all the elements when answering.





(2).(i). {1,2} (ii). (iii). (iv). Not an empty set.
(3).
Want to show that and

Case I
Let





.1

Case II
Let




So
Therefore by 1 and 2

You can use Venn diagrams too

Chapter 3
1. (distinct odd integers are 11, 33, 55, 77, 99)

2. (a).
(b).
(c).

3. i.) 5 ii.) 44-3=41 iii.) iv.) 44+3=47 v.) 2-3=-1 vi.) 4+3=7
vii.) 2-3=-1 viii.) 44-3=41


4. (i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).

5. (i). (ii).

6.

7. (i).





8.
=

9. (i). (ii)

Chapter 4

1. Let where is an integer.
=
i.e
Since ) is an integer the number is an even.
Therefore is an even number.

2. If then the statement does not hold.(Disproof by Counter Example)

3. Let any even integer and any integer .
So the multiplication is
Since is an integer the number is an even.
i.e Product of an even integer with any integer is even.

4. Let any rational number where and are integers.
Take square value of .
i.e
We know that and are ingers and since then also
i.e ,
is a rational number.
5. Let any number n where n is an integer.
Three consecutive numbers are and .
Sum of the three consecutive numbers are as follows.




Therefore, the sum of the three consecutive integers is divisible by 3.

6. Let a and b be any two even integers.
Then
a =2
for some integers
Then

Therefore product of any two even integers is a multiple of 4.


Chapter 5

1. Let n =2
Then
L.H.S =
R.H.S =

Assume that the result is true for n =k
i.e 1
We must show that the result is true for n =k+1.
i.e.
Now by adding to both sides of equation 1



Therefore the result is true for n =(k+1)
By Mathematical Induction is true
for all .


2. Let n =1
Then,


n =1.

Assume that the result is true for n =k.
i.e.

We must show that the result is true for n =k+1.
i.e.
Now by adding
to both sides of equation 1





Therefore the result is true for n =(k+1).
By Mathematical Induction is true for all


3. Let n =0
Then,
L.H.S=1
R.H.S =
n =0.
Assume that the result is true for n =k.
i.e. 1+2+
We must show that the result is true for n =k+1.
i.e. 1+2+ =
Now by adding to both sides of equation 1
1+2+ =

Therefore the result is true for n=k+1
By Mathematical Induction 1+2+ is true for all

4. Let n =1
Then
This is .
n =1.

Assume that the result is true for n =k.
i.e
for some integer q.

We must show that the result is true for n =k+1.
Now,
= =
+3
=
Let ) then p is an integer.
Product of two integers and sum of two integers are integers.
Therefore 3 divides

Therefore the result is true for n = k+1.
By Mathematical Induction is true for all