Signals and Systems Dec 2013

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Code No: R21044
II B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations Dec ~ 2013
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
(Com. to ECE, EIE, ECC, BME)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry Equal Marks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. a) Derive the expression for component vector of approximating the function f
1
(t) over f
2
(t) and
also prove that the component vector becomes zero if the f
1
(t) and f
2
(t) are orthogonal.
b) A rectangular function f(t) is defined by
< <
< <
2 t 1 -
t 0 1
t f
Approximate this function by a waveform sin(t) over the interval (0, 2 ) such that the mean
square error is minimum.
2. a) Find the Fourier series representation and sketch the amplitude and phase spectrum for the
signal x(n) = 5 + sin(n /2) + cos(n /4) .
b) Find the even and odd components of the signal x(t) = cos t + sin t + cos t sin t.
3. a) Explain the concept of time scaling and time shifting with an example for each.
b) Find the FT of the function.
i) t
t a
e t f sin
ii) at t f cos
4. a) Define Linearity and Time-Invariant properties of a system
b) Test whether ) ( ) (
2
2
t x t y
dt
y d
t y + is linear, causal and time invariant or not.
c) Check whether
) 4 / 2 ( +
t j
e t x is an energy signal or power signal.
5. a) State and prove Parseval`s Theorem.
b) Find the convolution of two signals x(n) = {2, 1, 0, -1, 1 and h(n) = {1, -2, -3, 5and
represent them graphically
6. State and Prove the sampling theorem for low pass signals.
7. a) Bring out the relation between FT and LT of a signal of the following
i) x(t) = e
-5t
ii) x(t) = t
3
u(t)
b) Find the Laplace transform of the following signals
i) t u
t
e t x
5
ii) t u t t x
3
8. a) Explain the concept of Z-transform of a discrete time sequence.

b) Using residues method, find the inverse Z-transform for
X (z) = (1 + 3z
-1
)/(1 + 3z
-1
+ 2z
-2
) ; z > 2
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Code No: R21044

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. a) Approximate the function f(t) by a set of Legendre polynomials and derive the expression
for component vector.
b) Define the following basic signals with graphical representation
i) Unit impulse Signal ii) Unit Step Signal iii) Ramp Signal iv) Sinusoidal signal.

2. a) Expand the following function over the interval (-4, 4) by a complex Fourier Series

where else ; 0
2 2 ; 1
s s t t f

b) Justify the following with respect to Fourier series
i) Odd functions have only sine terms ii) Even functions have only cosine terms.

3. a) Using the properties of FT, compute the FT for the following signals
i) x(t) = sin (2 t)e
-t
u(t) ii)
1 3
t
e t t x
b) State all the properties of Fourier Transform.

4. a) Draw the ideal characteristics of Low pass, High pass, Band pass and Band stop filters.
b) Test the linearity, causality, time-variance of the system governed by the equation
i) y(n) = x(n-n
0
) ii) y(n) = cos(n
0
) x(n) iii) y(n) = a[x(n)]
2
+b

5. a) Explain the process of detection of periodic signals by the process of correlation.
b) Determine the cross correlation between the two sequences x(n) = [1,0,01) and
h(n) = {4,3,2,1

6. a) Define Nyquist rate. Compare the merits and demerits of performing sampling using
impulse, Natural and Flat-top sampling techniques.
b) Discuss the process of reconstructing the signal from its samples.

7. a) Define Laplace Transform and its inverse.
b) Define Region of convergence and state its properties.
c) Find the Laplace transforms of (i) f(t) = sin (at) cos (bt) and (ii) f(t) = t sin at

8. a) Find the two sided Z-transform of the signal
-1 n 2
0 3 / 1
s
>
n
n
n
n x

b) Determine the inverse Z-Transform of X(z) = z /(3z
2
- 4z +1), if the region of convergence
are i) z > 1 ii) z < 1/3 iii)1/3 < z < 1

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Code No: R21044
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. a) State and prove the condition for two signals f
1
(t) and f
2
(t) are orthogonal to each other.
b) Explain in brief about orthogonal signal space.
2. a) Find the Fourier series of the following Figure 1 periodic impulse train?
b) Discuss the properties of Fourier series.
3. a) Find the Discrete Time Fourier Transforms of the following signals and draw its spectra.
i) 1
1
< a
n
a n x ii) n n x
0 2
cos with
5
2
0

b) The Magnitude and phase of the Fourier Transform of a signal x(t) are shown in Figure 2.
Find the signal x(t).
4. a) The frequency response for a causal and stable continuous time LTI system is expressed as
j
j
j H
+
1
1
i) Determine the magnitude of j H ii) Find phase response of j H
b) Discuss the characteristics of band pass filter.
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Code No: R21044
5. a) Distinguish between auto correlation and cross correlation and state the properties of auto
correlation function.
b) Explain about power density spectrum.
6. a) Find the Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval for the continuous-time signal given below?
t t t x 1000 cos . 4000 cos
2
1

b) Discuss band pass sampling in brief.
7. a) Determine the Laplace transform of the following given functions.
i) t t x 3
3
cos ii) at t t x sin
b) The transfer function of the system is given by
2
1
3
2
+
+
s s
s H
Determine the impulse response if the system is i) stable ii) causal
State whether the system will be stable and causal simultaneously.
8. a) Explain the concept of Z-transform of a discrete time sequence.
b) Determine the inverse Z-Transform of the following X(z) by the partial fraction expansion
method.
2 7 2
2
2
+
+
z z
z
z X if the ROCs are i) , 3 > z ii) ,
2
1
< z iii) . 3
2
1
< < z
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Code No: R21044

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) The rectangular function f(t) is approximated by the signal t) sin(
4
r
. Show that even function
t) t f t f
e
sin(
4
) ( ) (
r
is orthogonal to the function ) sin(t over the interval (0,2 ).
b) Define mean square error and derive the expression for evaluating mean square error.

2. a) Find the trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform shown in Figure 1.

b) Determine the Fourier series coefficients A
k
for a discrete-time periodic signal given as,
n n s
0
cos where
0
0
2
N
r
u

3. a) Derive the FT from the Fourier series.
b) Determine the Fourier Transform of unit step . t u t x
4. a) Compute the Magnitude and Phase of the Frequency Response of the First order discrete
time LTI system given by equation 1 1 < A where n Bx n Ay n y .
b) Discuss the filter characteristics of a linear system.

5. a) Derive the relationship between auto correlation function and spectral density function.
b) State and prove Parseval`s theorem for Continuous domain periodic signal.

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Code No: R21044

6. a)

A continuous time signal is given as: t t x 200 cos 8 Determine
i) Minimum sampling rate
ii) If f
s
=400Hz what is discrete time signal obtained after sampling.
iii) If f
s
=150Hz what is discrete time signal obtained after sampling.
b) Discuss the effect of under sampling.

7. a) State and Prove Initial value and Final value theorem w.r.to Laplace transform.
b) Determine the Laplace transform of
i) f(t) = e
-at
sin t ii) f(t) = e
-at
cosh t
c) Find the final value of the function F(s) given by (s-1) / s(s
2
-1)

8. a) Find the transform X(z) and sketch the pole-zero with the ROC for each of the following
sequences.
i) n u n u n x
n n
+
3
1
2
1
ii) 1
3
1
3
1
+ n u n u n x
n n

b) Determine the inverse z transform of
1 4 3
2
+
z z
z
z x if the regions of convergence are
i) , 1 > z ii) ,
3
1
< z iii) 1
3
1
< < z

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8. a) Explain the concept of Z-transform of a discrete time sequence.

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