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SAB 3353
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN I
DR. IZNI SYAHRIZAL BIN IBRAHIM
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UTM
ROOM: M47-126
EMAIL: iznisyahrizal@utm.my
No. Course Learning Outcomes
Programme
Learning
Outcome(s)
Addressed
Taxonomies and
Soft-Skills
Assessment
Methods
1.
Define and describe the concept, procedure
and objective of structural design.
PO1 C1, A1 A, T
2.
Prepare structural layout plan for a typical
building floors.
PO1, PO2, PO3 C3, A3 PR
3.
Analyze and design reinforced concrete beams
and slabs
PO1, PO2, PO3 C4, P2, A3 A, T, F
4.
Prepare a concise design calculation and
detailing for beams and slabs.
PO1, PO2, PO3, C3, P3, A3 PR, F
5.
Explain the concept and methods of design of
prestressed concrete.
PO1 C1, A1 F
6.
Ability to come out with ideas and alternative
solutions
PO4
CTPS1,CTPS2,
CTPS3
A
Course Learning Outcome (PO)
Note : (A Assignment; T Test ; PR Project ; Q Quiz; HW Homework ; Pr Presentation;
F Final Exam)
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PO1
Ability to acquire knowledge
of science and civil
engineering principles.
Lectures, tutorials, seminars,
laboratory works, directed
reading, independent study,
active learning.
Examinations, laboratory reports,
presentations, assignments,
problem-based exercises, project
reports.
PO2
Ability to use the techniques,
skills and modern civil
engineering tools.
Lectures, tutorials, computer
hands-on sessions, laboratory
works, industrial training,
surveying camps.
Examinations, laboratory reports,
presentations, assignments,
problem-based exercises, project
reports, design tasks, simulation
exercises, industrial training reports.
PO3
Ability to analyse, interpret,
develop and conduct
experiments; and design
components, systems, or
processes.
Project supervision, lectures,
tutorials, laboratory works,
directed reading, simulation
exercises, computer-based
exercises, independent study,
problem-based learning.
Final Year Project reports, project
reports, design tasks, examinations,
laboratory reports, presentations,
assignments.
Code
Intended Learning
Outcomes
Teaching and
Learning Methods
Assessment
PO4 Ability to think
critically, identify,
formulate and solve
civil engineering
related problems.
Project supervision,
lectures, tutorials,
laboratory works,
group projects,
independent study.
Final Year Project
reports, project reports,
design tasks,
examinations, laboratory
reports, presentations,
assignments.
Code
Intended Learning
Outcomes
Teaching and
Learning Methods
Assessment
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ATTENDANCE
The student should adhere to the rules of attendance as stated in
the University Academic Regulation:
Student must attend NOT less than 80%of lecture hours as
required for the subject.
The student will be PROHIBITED from attending any lecture and
assessment activities upon failure to comply the above
requirement. Zero mark will be given to the subject.
ATTENDANCE
Be ON TIME during
class. I will not tolerate
LATE COMERS !!!
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GOP TO INDIA
13-19 December
2010
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To ensure the structure is safe and suitable for
occupancy with minimum cost
Material, type,
size and
configuration of
the structure
Calculation Drawing detailing
a. Fitness for purpose
b. Safety and reliability
c. Economy
d. Maintainability
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Phase 1
Planning
Phase 2
Structure
analysis
Phase 3
Member
design
Client
summary
Imagination
Economic
factor
Lab test
Environmental
factor
Site
survey
Equilibrium
Deflection
Stress &
strain
Elastic
modulus
Forces in
member
Codes of
practice
Drawing
detailing
Phase 4
Construction
Project
manager
Architect
Consulting
engineer
Quantity
surveyor
Civil and
structural
engineer
Mechanical and
electrical
engineer
Contractor
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Reinforced concrete is concrete strengthened with steel bars or
reinforcements
Concrete is a mix of cement, sand, aggregate and water. High
compression strength but lower in tension.
Steel reinforcement has high tension strength
Concrete
Higher
compressive
strength
Steel
Higher
tensile
strength
Reinforced
concrete
The Eurocode Family (58 all together)
EN 1990 Eurocode Basis of structural design
EN 1991 Eurocode 1 Actions on structures
EN 1992 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures
EN 1993 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures
EN 1994 Eurocode 4 Design of composite steel and concrete structures
EN 1995 Eurocode 5 Design of timber structures
EN 1996 Eurocode 6 Design of masonry structures
EN 1997 Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design
EN 1998 Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance
EN 1999 Eurocode 9 Design of aluminium alloy structures
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EUROCODE 2 : DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES
EN 1992-1-1 General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1992-1-2 General rules Structural fire design
EN 1992-2 Concrete bridges design and detailing rules
EN 1992-3 Liquid retaining and containment structures
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Eurocodes Title Superseded standards
EN 1990 Basis of structural design BS 8110: Part 1- Section 2
EN 1991-1-1 Densities, self-weight and
imposed loads
BS 6399: Part1 and BS 648
EN 1991-1-2 Action on structures exposed to
fire
-
EN 1991-1-3 Snow loads BS 6399: Part 2
EN 1991-1-4 Wind loads BS 6399: Part 3
EN 1991-1-5 Thermal actions -
EN 1991-1-6 Actions during execution -
EN 1991-1-7 Accidental actions -
Eurocodes Title Superseded standards
EN 1991-2 Traffic loads on bridges BD 37/88
EN 1991-3 Actions induced by crane and
machinery
-
EN 1991-4 Silos and tanks -
EN 1992-1-1 General rules for buildings BS 8110: Parts 1, 2 and 3
EN 1992-1-2 Fire resistance of concrete
structures
BS 8110: Part 1 Table 3.2
BS 8110: Part 2 Sect. 4
EN 1992-2 Bridges BS 5400: Part 4
EN 1992-3 Liquid-retaining and containment
structures
BS 8007
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Eurocode British Standard
Action Force or imposed displacement
Verification Check
Resistance Capacity
Execution Construction
Permanent action Dead load
Variable action Live load or imposed load
Isostatic Primary
Can be downloaded at:
http://web.utm.my/psz/
MAIN CODE
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Can be downloaded at:
http://web.utm.my/psz/
NATIONAL ANNEX
Logi Rawatan Air
Jambatan
2.3 Design working life
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Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
A condition where failure of an element or the whole structure
e.g. collapse, overturning, buckling
Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
A condition where the structure is not suitable or comfortable
for living e.g. cracking and large deflection
Section 3 : Principle of Limit States Design (EN 1990)
3.2 Design Situations
Persistent: Design situation during a period of the same order as he design working life of
the structure. Represents normal use
Transient: Design situation during a period much shorter than the design working life of
structure, e.g. during execution or repair
Accidental: Design situation involving exceptional conditions for structure, e.g. Fire,
explosion, impact etc
Seismic: Design situation involving exceptional conditions for structure during seismic
event.
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Design strength, X
d
= Characteristics strength, X
k
/ Partial Safety Factor,
m
Design Situations
c
for Concrete
s
for Reinforcing Steel
Persistant & Transient 1.5 1.15
Accidental 1.2 1.0
Material Characteristics Strength
1.64s
Mean strength, f
Strength
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

d
e
n
s
i
t
y
Area = 0.05
m
Characteristics strength
= Mean strength 1.64s
Example:
To get concrete with
characteristics strength of 30
N/mm
2
and s = 5 N/mm
2
, the
mean strength will require
38.2 N/mm
2
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s

s
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
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f
ck
is the concrete compressive cylinder strength at 28 days. Strength
value or grade concrete is usually 25, 30, 40 and 50 N/mm
2
Actual Test Curve
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Design Curve
of
ck
= 0.85f
ck
= 0.567f
ck

c 1.5
Concrete strength
class
Characteristics
cylinder strength, f
ck
(N/mm
2
)
Characteristics cube
strength, f
ck
(N/mm
2
)
Modulus of
Elasticity, E
cm
(kN/mm
2
)
C20/25 20 25 30
C25/30 25 30 31
C30/37 30 37 33
C35/45 35 45 34
C40/50 40 50 35
C45/55 45 55 36
C50/60 50 60 37
C55/67 55 67 38
C60/75 60 75 39
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f
yk
is the yield strength of the steel
High strength steel (H); f
yk
= 500 N/mm
2
Mild strength steel (R); f
yk
= 250 N/mm
2
Steel fabric (BRC); f
yk
= 485 N/mm
2
Actual Test Curve
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Design Curve
f
yk
= f
yk
= 0.87f
yk

s 1.15
Ribbed high yield bars may be classified as:
Class A: which is normally associated with small diameter (s 12 mm) cold
worked bars used in mesh and fabric
Class B: which is most commonly used for reinforcingg bars
Class C: high ductility which may be used in earthquake design or similar
situations
e.g. HA, HB, HC
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Section 4 : Basic variables
4.1 Actions and environmental influences
4.1.1 Classification of actions
(1)P Actions shall be classified by their variations in time as follows:
Permanent actions (G): e.g. Self-weight of structures, fixed equipment and road
surfacing, and indirect actions caused by shrinkage and uneven settlements;
Variable actions (Q): e.g. Imposed loads on building floors, beams and roofs, wind
actions or snow loads;
Accidental action (A): e.g. Explosion, or impact from vehicles.
For each variable actions there are four representative values:
1. Characteristic Value, (Q
k
) An upper value with an intended
probability of not being exceeded or a lower value with an
intended probability of being achieved, during some specific
reference period
2. Combination Value, (
o
Q
k
) Value intended to take account of
a reduced probability of the simultaneous occurrence of two or
more variable actions.
3. Frequent Value, (
1
Q
k
) value such that it should be exceeded
only for a short period of time and is used primarily for the
serviceability limit states and also accidental limit state.
4. Quasi-permanent Value, (
2
Q
k
) value may be exceeded for a
considerable period of time; alternatively it may be considered
as an average loading over time. It is used for a long term
effects at the SLS and also accidental and seismic ULS.
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Recommended Values of Factors for Buildings
Action

0

1

2
Imposed loads in buildings (see EN 1991-1-1)
Category A: domestic, residential areas 0.7 0.5 0.3
Category B: office areas 0.7 0.5 0.3
Category C: congregation areas 0.7 0.7 0.6
Category D: shopping areas 0.7 0.7 0.6
Category E: storage areas 1.0 0.9 0.8
Category F: traffic area, vehicle weight < 30 kN 0.7 0.7 0.6
Category G: traffic area, 30 kN < vehicle weight < 160 kN 0.7 0.5 0.3
Category H: roof (see EN 1991-1-1: Cl. 3.3.2) 0.7 0 0
Wind loads on buildings (see EN 1991-1-4) 0.5 0.7 0.7
Temperature (non-fire) in buildings (see EN 1991-1-5) 0.6 0.7 0.7
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Combination
Expression
Permanent actions
Leading
variable
actions
Accompanying variable
actions
Unfavourable Favourable Main (if any) Others
Exp. (6.10)
Gj,sup
G
kj,sup

Gj,inf
G
k,j,inf

Q,1
Q
k,1

Q,i

0,i
Q
k,i
Exp. (6.10a)
Gj,sup
G
kj,sup

Gj,inf
G
k,j,inf

Q,1

0,1
Q
k,1

Q,i

0,i
Q
k,i
Exp. (6.10b)
Gj,sup
G
kj,sup

Gj,inf
G
k,j,inf

Q,1
Q
k,1

Q,i

0,i
Q
k,i
Notes:
1. The choice between 6.10, or 6.10a and 6.10b will be in the National annex.
2. The and values may be set by the National annex. The following values for and are
recommended when using 6.10, 6.10a and 6.10b.

Gj,sup
= 1.35,
Gj,inf
= 1. 0,
Q,1
= 1.50 where Unfavourable (0 where favourable)

Q,i
= 1.50 where Unfavourable (0 where favourable), = 0.85
Table A1.2(B) : Design values of actions Ultimate limit states for persistent and transient
design situation
Combination
Expression
Permanent actions
Leading
variable
actions
Accompanying variable actions
Unfavourable Favourable Main (if any) Others
Exp. (6.10) 1.35G
k
1.0G
k
1.5Q
k
1.5
0,i
Q
k,i
Exp. (6.10a) 1.35G
k
1.0G
k
1.5
0,1
Q
k
1.5
0,i
Q
k,i
Exp. (6.10b) 0.925x1.35G
k
1.0G
k
1.5Q
k
1.5
0,i
Q
k,i
Note:
1. Design for either Exp.(6.10) or the less favourable of Exp. (6.10a) and (6.10b)
2. The terms favorable and unfavorable refer to the effect of the action on the design situation under consideration.
For example, if a beam, continuous over several spans, is to be designed for largest sagging bending moment it
will have to sustain any action that has the effect of increasing the bending moment will be considered
unfavorable whilst any action that reduces the bending moment will be considered to be favourable.
Design values of actions, ultimate limit state-persistent and transient design situations
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Combination
Permanent actions Variable actions
Example of use
Unfavourable Favourable Leading Others
Characteristic 1.0G
k
1.0G
k
Q
k,1

0,i
Q
k,i
Frequent 1.0G
k
1.0G
k

1,1
Q
k,1

2,1
Q
k,i
Cracking
prestressed
concrete
Quasi-
permanent
1.0G
k
1.0G
k

2,1
Q
k,1

2,1
Q
k,i
Deflection
Design values of actions, serviceability limit states
P
P
P P
d
b
c
cc
c
st
f
cc
f
st
< 0.87f
yk f
yd
= 0.87f
yk
qf
cd
= 0.567f
ck
F
st
0.567f
ck
x
s

=

0
.
8
x
N. A
Strain
diagram
Stress diagram
at service
Stress diagram
at ultimate
EC2 stress diagram at
ultimate
F
cc
z
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c
cc
/ x = c
st
/(d x) x = d/ [1 + (c
st
/ c
cc
)]
At failure at ultimate limit state, steel and concrete reached maximum stress and strain;
Concrete strain, c
cc
= c
cu2
= 0.0035 for concrete class s C50/60
Steel strain, c
st
= Stress / Elastic Modulus
= (f
yk
/
m
) / E
s
= (f
yk
/ 1.15) / 200 10
3
= (4.35 10
-6
)f
y
For high tensile steel (T), f
y
= 500 N/mm
2
c
st
= 4.35 10
-6
(500) = 0.00218
and x = d/ [1 + (0.00218 / 0.0035)] = 0.617d
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