43

1 The arithmetic progression 5, 9, 13, has a

common difference of 4.
S
3
= 57

3
2

[2a + (3 1)(4)] = 57

3
2

(2a + 8) = 57
3a + 12 = 57
a = 15
Hence, the three consecutive terms which sum up
to 57 are 15, 19 and 23.

+4 +4
2 Volumes of water in litres:
410, 425, 440,
Volume of water at the end of the 8th day
= T
8
= a + 7d
= 410 + 7(15)
= 515 litres
3 0.848484
= 0.84 + 0.0084 + 0.000084 +
=
0.84
1 0.01
=
0.84
0.99
=
84
99
=
28
33
4 (a) If 3, k, 48 are in an arithmetic progression,
then
k 3 = 48 k
2k = 51
k = 25.5
(b) If 3, k, 48 are in a geometric progression, then

k
3
=
48
k
k
2
= 144
k = 12
5 (a) The common difference of the arithmetic
progression 2, 5, 8, is 5 2 = 3.
(b) The sum of all the terms from the 4th term to
the 23rd term
= S
23
S
3
=
23
2
[2(2) + (23 1)(3)]
3
2
[2(2) + (3 1)(3)]
= 805 15
= 790
6 (a) The common ratio of the geometric
progression 2, 6, 18, is
6
2
= 3.
(b) S
n
= 6560

a(r
n
1)
r 1

= 6560

2(3
n
1)
3 1

= 6560
3
n
1 = 6560
3
n
= 6561
3
n
= 3
8
n = 8
7 T
8
= 3k +1
a + 7d = 3k + 1
a + 7(4) = 3k + 1
a = 3k 27

1
S
8
= 13k + 6

8
2
(2a + 7d ) = 13k + 6
8a + 28d = 13k + 6
8a + 28(4) = 13k + 6
8a = 13k 106

2
Substituting

1

into 2 ,
8(3k 27) = 13k 106
Form 5: Chapter 12 (Progressions)
SPM Practice
Fully Worked Solutions
Paper 1
These three terms
are not the first three
terms but any three
consecutive terms with
a common difference
of 4. Therefore, a new
value of a (first term)
has to be determined.
S

=

a
1 r
44
24k 216 = 13k 106
11k = 110
k = 10
8 (a) T
3
= 10
ar
2
= 10

1
T
3
+ T
4
= 15
10 + T
4
= 15
T
4
= 5
ar
3
= 5

2

2
1
:
ar
3
ar
2
=
5
10
r =
1
2
From

1 :
a

1
2

2
= 10
a

1
4

= 10
a = 40
(b) S

=

40
1
1
2
= 80
9 (a) 100y, 50y, 25y, is a geometric
progression.
(b)
T
2
T
1
=
50y
100y
=
1
2

T
3
T
2
=
25y
50y
=
1
2
Since
T
2
T
1
=
T
3
T
2
=
1
2

(a constant), the
progression is a geometric progression.
10 T
2
T
1
= T
3
T
2
9 (t 2) = 3t 9
9 t + 2 = 3t 9
20 = 4t
t = 5
d = 9 (5 2)
= 6
11 S

=

a
1 r
=

50
1
3
5
= 125
12 r =
12
24
=
1
2
h =
1
2
6 = 3
13 50, 46, 42, A.P.
T
n
< 0
50 + (n 1)(4) < 0
50 4n + 4 < 0
4n + 54 < 0
4n < 54
n >
54
4
n > 13
1
2
Hence, the least value of n is 14.
14 S

= 30

20
1 r
= 30
1 r =
20
30
1 r =
2
3
r =
1
3
15 p = 2 3 32
p = 64
p = 8
r =
8
2

= 4

16 (a) y + 3 11 = 3y x (y + 3)
y 8 = 2y x 3
y = x 5
(b) When x = 9, y = 9 5 = 4
11, 4 + 3, 3(4) 9 A.P.
d = 7 11 = 4
17 T
3
T
2
= 20a
ar
2
ar = 20a
r
2
r = 20
r
2
r 20 = 0
(r + 4)(r 5) = 0
r = 4 or 5
From

2
From

1
45
1 (a)
h
b b b
h
2
h
4
2 4
T
1
= Area of the first triangle
=
1
2
bh
T
2
= Area of the second triangle
=
1
2

b
2

h
2

=
1
8
bh
T
3
= Area of the third triangle
=
1
2

b
4

h
4

=
1
32
bh

T
2
T
1

=

1
8
bh
1
2
bh

=

1
4

T
3
T
2

=

1
32
bh
1
8
bh

=

1
4
Since
T
2
T
1
=
T
3
T
2
=
1
4

(a constant), the
areas of the triangles form a geometric
progression with a common ratio of
1
4
.
(b) (i) T
1
=
1
2
(160)(80) = 6400
T
2
=
1
8
(160)(80) = 1600
T
3
=
1
32
(160)(80) = 400
T
n
= 25
ar
n 1
= 25
6400

1
4

n 1
= 25

1
4

n 1
=
1
256

1
4

n 1
=

1
4

4
n 1 = 4
n = 5
Hence, the 5th triangle has an area of
25 cm
2
.
(ii) Sum to infinity,
S

=

a
1 r
=

6400
1
1
4
= 8533
1
3
cm
2
2 (a) The number of cubes in each storey forms a
geometric progression 1, 4, 16, 64, , where
a = 1 and r = 4.
T
n
= 4096
ar
n 1
= 4096
1(4)
n 1
= 4096
4
n 1
= 4
6
n 1 = 6
n = 7
Hence, the height of the model is
7 4 = 28 cm.
(b) S
7
=

1(4
7
1)
4 1

= 5461
Hence, the total price of cubes used
= 5461 80
= 436 880 sen
= RM4368.80
3 (a) T
5
= 320
a + 4d = 320
h + 4k = 320

1
S
8
= 2440

8
2
(2a + 7d) = 2440
4(2h + 7k) = 2440
2h + 7k = 610

2
1 2 2 : k = 30
From 1 : h + 4(30) = 320
h = 200
(b) T
n
(of Epsilon) = T
n
(of Sigma)
200 + (n 1)(30) = 160 + (n 1)(35)
200 + 30n 30 = 160 + 35n 35
45 = 5n
n = 9
Paper 2
46
4 (a) Let the number of blocks be n.
Total height = 3 m
15n = 300
n = 20
(i) The lengths of the blocks,
130, 126, 122, form an arithmetic
progression, where a = 130 and d = 4.
The length of the top most block is
given by:
T
20
= 130 + 19(4)
= 54 cm
T
n
= a + (n 1)d
(ii) The total length of all the blocks is given
by:
S
20
=
20
2
[2(130) + 19(4)]
= 1840 cm
S
n
=

n
2
[2a + (n 1)d]
(b) T
n
> 0
a + (n 1)d > 0
130 + (n 1)(4) > 0
4(n 1) > 130
4n + 4 > 130
4n > 134
n <
134
4
n < 33
1
2
Therefore, the biggest integer value of n is 33.
Hence, the maximum total height of the
blocks is 33 15 = 495 cm.
5 (a) 1.05 1.05

24 000, 25 200, 26 460, G.P.
T
6
= 24 000(1.05)
6 1
= RM30 631
(b) T
n
> 35 000
24 000 (1.05
n 1
) > 35 000
1.05
n 1
>
35
24
(n 1) lg 1.05 > lg

35
24

n 1 >

lg

35
24

lg 1.05
n 1 > 7.73
n > 8.73
Minimum value of n = 9
(c) S
6
=
24 000(1.05
6
1)
1.05 1
= RM163 246