Form 5: Chapter 13 (Linear Law)

SPM Practice
Fully Worked Solutions
Paper 1
1 y = px 2 + qx
y

= px + q
x

3 (a)

For the point (2, 6), x = 2 and

6 = p(2) + q 1

y
= 6.
x

For the point (10, 2), x =10 and

2 = p(10) + q 2

y
= 2.
x

1
For 1 : 6 = (2) + q q = 7
2

2 y = 7x x
y
2 = 7 x
x

log10 y = log10 mx 2
log10 y = log10 m + log10 x 2
log10 y = log10 m + 2 log10 x
log10 y = 2 log10 x + log10 m
Gradient

Y-intercept

(b) (i) Y-intercept = 1

log10 m = 1

m =101
1

m=
10

2 1 : 4 = 8p p = 1
2

y = mx 2

(ii) Gradient = 2
k (1)

=2
20

k+1=4

k=3

The straight line passes through the point (2, h).

y
Thus, x = 2 and 2 = h.
x
y
2 = 7 x
x

h = 7 2
h = 5

4 y = 3x 3 + 4
y
4
3 = 3 + 3
x
x
y
1
=4 3 3
x3
x
(Y = 4X + c)

The straight line passes through the point (k, 3).

y
Thus, x = k and 2 = 3.
x
y
=7x
x2


3=7k
k = 4

By comparison, Y =

47

Divide throughout by x 3.
Rearrange

y
1
and X = 3 .
x3
x

1
x(20 x)
2
1
y 2 = 10x x 2
2
y2
1
= 10 x
2
x

5 y 2 =

= 7

1
h = 10
2

y2
x

(b) (4, 5)

5 = q(3)(4) + 3

q=

y=

x , y
1
q 1
1
= +
y
p x
p

h = 20

6 (a)

1
= Y-intercept = 3
p
1
p =
3

1
(6)
2

1
h
2

y2
:
x

Point (h, 0) x,
0 = 10

p
q
=1 2
y
x
1 1
q
=
y p px2
1
q 1
1
=
+
y
p x2
p

Point (6, k) x,
k = 10

7 (a)

q
2x

log10 y = log10

q
2x

log10 y = log10 q log10 2x

log10 y = log10 q x log10 2
log10 y = x log10 2 + log10 q

(b) Y-intercept = log10 q

3 = log10 q

q = 103
1

q=
1000

48

1
6

Paper 2
1 (a)
x

1.32

1.76

2.83

5.51

13.00

x2

16

25

log10 y

0.121

0.246

0.452

0.741

1.114

2 (a)

10

12

5.18 11.64 26.20 58.95 132.63 298.42

log10 y

0.71

1.07

1.42

1.77

2.12

2.47

The graph of log10 y against x is a straightline graph, as shown below:

Graph of log10 y against x2

Graph of log10 y against x

log10 y

1.0

2.4

0.9

2.2

0.8

2.0

0.7

1.8

0.6

0.7

1.6

0.5

1.4
0.62

0.4

1.2

0.3

1.0

0.2

0.8
15

0.1

0.6

0.08
O

(b)

y = pk x
log10 y = log10 p + x log10 k
log10 y = (log10 k)x + log10 p

1.1

The graph of log10 y against x 2 is as shown

below.
log10 y

y = ab x

10

15

20

x2

25

0.4
0.2

Non-linear

log10 y = log10 a + x log10 b

log10 y = (log10 b)x 2 + log10 a
2

(i) Y-intercept = 0.08

log10 a = 0.08

a = antilog 0.08

a = 1.2

Linear

(b) (i) log10 p = Y-intercept

log10 p = 0.36

p = 2.29
(ii) log10 k = gradient
2.12 1.42
log10 k =
10 6
0.7
log10 k =
4
log10 k = 0.175

k = 1.5

0.74 0.12
16 1
0.62
log10 b =
15
= 0.04133
b = antilog 0.04133
= 1.1

(ii) Gradient =

0.36

49

10

12

p
p
= Y-intercept
qx
q
p
p

xy = qx 2 +
= 5
q
q
q = Gradient p = 5
2
55 5
q =
25 0 p = 10
q = 2

3 (a)

(ii) y = qx +

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

7.0

7.7

8.4

9.9

10.1

11.0

xy

17.5

23.1

29.4

39.6

45.5

55.0

x2

6.3

9.0

12.3

16.0

20.3

25.0

The graph of xy against x 2 is as shown below.

4 (a)

Graph of xy against x 2

xy

20

80

318

x+1

10

12

log10 y

0.70

1.30

1.90

2.50

3.10

3.70

55
50
45
40

11

1270 5050

The graph of log10 y against (x + 1) is as

shown below.

Incorrect
Correct

log10 y

35

Graph of log10 y against (x + 1)

4.0

30

3.5

50

3.0

25

2.5
20

2.0

15

1.5
1.0

10

10

0.5

0.1
O

25
5

10

15

20

25

x2

10

12

(b)
y = hq x +1
log10 y = log10 h + (x + 1) log10 q
log10 y = (x + 1) log10 q + log10 h



Gradient Y-intercept

(b) (i) From the graph, the value of y which is

incorrectly recorded is 9.9.
The actual value of y is given by:
xyactual = 37
4(yactual) = 37
yactual = 9.25

Y-intercept = 0.1
log10 h = 0.1

h = 1.26
3.7 0.7
12 2
log10 q = 0.3
q = 2
Gradient =

50

(x + 1)

 5 (a)

6 (a)

7.0

11.3

16.0

21.2

27.0

33.2

y
x

3.50

3.77

4.00

4.24

4.50

4.74

y
Graph of x against x

y
x

1.5

3.0

4.5

6.0

7.5

8.0

2.66

3.54

4.72

6.28

8.35

9.19

log10 y

0.42

0.55

0.67

0.80

0.92

0.96

log10 y

5.0

Graph of log10 y against x

1.0

4.5
4.0

0.9
0.85
0.8

4.5 3.5
= 1.0

3.5
3.4

62=4

0.96 0.55
= 0.41

0.7

3.0

0.6

2.5

83=5

0.5

2.0

0.4

1.5

0.3

1.0

0.2

0.5
O

1 1.6 2

k
(b) y = 5hx 2 + x
h
y
k

= 5hx +
x
h

0.1

Divided throughout
by x.

6 6.7 7

(b) (i) When y = 7.1, log10 y = 0.85.

From the graph, x = 6.7

(i) 5h = Gradient
4.5 3.5
5h =
62
5h = 0.25
h = 0.05
(ii)

(ii)
y = bd 2x
log10 y = log10 (bd 2x )
log10 y = log10 b + log10 d 2x
log10 y = log10 b + 2x log10 d
log10 y = (2 log10 d)x + log10 b

k
= Y-intercept
h

log10 b = Y-intercept
log10 b = 0.3

b = 2.0

k

=3
0.05
k = 0.15

(iii) 2 log10 d = Gradient

0.96 0.55

=
83
0.41

=
5

(iii) When x = 1.6, from the graph,

y

= 3.4
x
y

= 3.4
1.6
y = 5.44

= 0.082

log10 d = 0.041

d = 1.1
51

 7 (a)
1

h
1
+
kx kx2
hx 1
+
x2y =
k
k
1
(i) = Y-intercept
k
1
= 3
k
1
k =
3
(c) y =

2.667 0.583 0.222 0.104 0.053 0.028

y
xy
2

2.67

2.33

2.00

1.66

1.33

1.01

(b)
x2y
Graph of x2y against x

h
= Gradient
k
31
3h =
60

(ii)

3.0
2.5

2.0

31=2

3h =

1.5
1.0

60=6

h=

1
3
1
9

0.5

4 4.5 5

(iii) When x = 4.5,

x2y = 1.5
4.52y = 1.5

52

y = 0.074