Estee Lauder is one of the world's leading cosmetic company. The company came up from just a direct selling one-person effort into currently a multi-billion company and are competing fiercely with other cosmetic giants such as Avon, Maybelline, and P&G.
Estee Lauder is one of the world's leading cosmetic company. The company came up from just a direct selling one-person effort into currently a multi-billion company and are competing fiercely with other cosmetic giants such as Avon, Maybelline, and P&G.
Estee Lauder is one of the world's leading cosmetic company. The company came up from just a direct selling one-person effort into currently a multi-billion company and are competing fiercely with other cosmetic giants such as Avon, Maybelline, and P&G.
Based in New York City, Estee Lauder has been one of Americans major corporations as well as being one of the worlds leading manufacturers and marketers of quality skin care, makeup, fragrances, and hair products. The company was first established in 1946 and became public in November 1995. Up until today, Estee Lauder expands its sales to over 140 countries with more than 9000 products under various brands. Products of Estee Lauder are divided into skin care, makeup, fragrances, and hair products. Products of Estee Lauder are mostly marketed around the globe through the use of mediums such as department stores, specialty retailers, upscale perfumeries, pharmacies, salons, and spas. Estee Lauder also owns free standing stores where products also marketed as well as the use of technological facilities offered by modernization such as e-commerce in selected countries.
Estee Lauder focuses its strategies towards global reach that emphasizes continuous research and development with investments over 80 million dollars to the program itself mainly done in the United States, Belgium, and Japan. Estee Lauder allocated alongside these research and development facilities are manufacturing facilities within these countries as well as Canada, Switzerland, China, and Germany where all the manufacturing facilities are strategically located near the marketing area where the products are actually distributed. By maintaining low cost strategy and keeping the sales revenues high, Estee Lauder aims to occupy the entire market niche ranging from the low end up until the very high end market niche. By doing so and additionally with its wide variety range of brands, Estee Lauder emphasize the idea that everybody can have a slice of the pie. Estee Lauder also astonishingly able to maintain a positive net income even though the globe went through massive recession and beyond which also signifies how strong of a company Estee Lauder is.
Estee Lauder founded the 8 billion dollars company, Estee Lauder Companies which is currently an organization that engaged in four main spectrums of beauty products throughout the globe covering activities such as manufacturing, marketing, and sales. Estee Lauder revolutionized the cosmetic industry with just a simple and plain idea of: every woman can be beautiful. It all started in her kitchen when she began making face creams which later went 2
forward and sells them to beauty salons. Her effort, creativity, philosophy, and drive brought about the launching of Estee Lauder Company in 1964 together with her husband. She also pioneered the gift with promotion and also gave away samples of her products with every purchase. She believed that in order to make a sale, you had to touch the customer, to show them first hand and explain the products, which leads the company towards the personal High-Touch service strategy. Creativity, entrepreneurship, and integrity is the three core values for Estee Lauder and still remain as the focal point of the company and these three core values managed to bring the company up to the level of being the global leader in prestige beauty with High-Touch strategy being the central feature of Estee Lauders services.
Estee lauder proved its resilience by its successful fiscal year in 2010 after disappointing 2009 downturn. Estee Lauders net sales increased 6% due to the growth in makeup, skin care, and hair care products which generates a record gross margin of 76.5 %. Operating income almost doubled from 2009 to 2010 and net earnings increased from 218 million to 478 million. Skin care products contributes the highest income where it account for 41 % of net sales followed by makeup at 38 % , fragrance at 15 %, and hair care products at 5 % of net sales. Most of Estee Lauders sales derived from outside of North and South America which account for 56 % of net sales. Net sales in America remained relatively flat with increase of less than 1 % which accounts for 36 % of net sales for Estee Lauder. In Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, net sales increased up to 9 % which reflects higher net sales from travel retail and distributor businesses. Net sales in Asia/Pacific also shows increase up to 16 % in 2010. The strategic growth of in China alongside positive outcome from Korea and Hong Kong also contributed towards the increase of net sales in Asia/Pacific.
By the year 2004, the company lost its most important person and that is Mrs. Estee Lauder herself due to cardiac arrest. The loss was a great one for the company, but Mrs. Lauder herself witnessed her empire growth from a small home based operation into worldwide global transactions and up until now proudly stands on the top of the industry where Estee Lauder herself revolutionized during her time. Now, the company is led by her Estee and Josephs children and grandchildren. The company is 70% owned by the Lauder Family which dominates 3
the voting shares and the current chairman of the company is the grandson of Estee Lauder acting as the chairman of the Board of Directors.
2.0 VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT
Estee Lauders Companies vision is Bringing the best to everyone we touch and being the best in everything we do. By the best we mean the best products, the best people, and the best ideas. The company is very committed towards uncompromised ethics and integrity covering all domestic and global scale as well as the board of directors. The very condition of employment standardized by Estee Lauder is the highest standard of ethics of professional and personal conducts. Estee Lauder does not have any written mission statement for the company.
2.1 Proposed Vision and Mission Statement
A vision is like an objective of the company that incline where the company wants to be, what the company wants to achieve, what the company wants to be, and what the company wants to do. As for this case analysis, most of the time the vision statement is also included with certain time frame but it is not a mandatory criteria, the proposed vision statement is: To become the worlds largest and most influential cosmetics firm A mission statement is basically is the statement of how will the company achieve the its vision. In this case abstract, the proposed mission statement is taken from the current vision statement of the Estee Lauder which is: Bringing the best to everyone we touch and being the best in everything we do.
4
3.0 OPPORTUNITIES
1. Rising demand from developing and emerging markets where in the next 20 years there will be more than 70 million working population across the globe will reach an income level that allows purchasing of cosmetics products 2. The whole continent of Africa is coming online which will bridge the geographical gap between companies and their consumers in a more effective and efficient manner. 3. Global womens purchasing power is expected to increase by 5 trillion by 2015 and beauty is the category these consumers are most likely to spend money on after food and clothing. 4. By the year 2030, Americans over the age of 65 will represent one-fifth of the population which is expected to devote a substantial part of their discretionary income into anti- aging product. 5. Younger customers age 20 to 30 years old are choosing to invest their money into preventive cosmetics to battle the effects of aging. Additionally the teens also thinking about spending their money on these type of products. 6. By the next 40 years, the worlds aging population will multiply by 2.5 times representing over 33% of the total population. 7. Life expectancy for the aging population will continue to improve providing substantial period of marketing opportunities and durability within the industry for specific market target. 8. Green products appear to be maintaining their position in the economy struggle and these natural and organic products appear to be favorably received by consumers.
5
4.0 THREATS
1. High unemployment where the increase levels of job insecurity among the working population will decrease most of the peoples purchasing power. 2. The rising of energy prices will significantly impact transportation costs such as gas prices. The increase of energy prices will also increase the producing costs of pulp through the increase of gas price. Pulp is used in the manufacturing of plastic used for packaging. 3. Regulations by U.S Department of Agriculture under the Standards of the National Organic Program (NOP) which states that 95% of the products contents must be organic and this regulations also extends to the manufacturing processes. 4. Aggressive competition by the competitors that are targeting the same market segment 5. Change of Consumers spending pattern of luxury goods. 6. Competitive pricing of other similar effect or substitute products which are sometimes amount to 60% lower. 7. Internet security threat on its e-commerce application 8. Foreign currency fluctuations 9. Changes in laws, regulations, and policies of either the base country or the target country which will bring significant impact towards the ability and efficiency of marketing in that particular country. Changes in regulations also came from the increasing activities of different groups voicing their objection towards harmful chemical ingredients and the use of animal as test subjects in cosmetics products.
6
5.0 COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX
5.1 Summary of Competitors
Company Revenues (Billions) Net Income (Billions) Employees Countries Marketed Avon Products 10.862 0.6063 N/A 100 Colgate-Palmolive 15.564 2.203 N/A N/A Estee Lauder 7.795 0.478 22000 150 L Oreal 19.5 2.2 66619 130 Pocter & Gamble 78.9 19.1 127000 140 Revlon 2.167 0.0946 N/A N/A
Based on the summary of the competitors given above, Procter & Gamble (P & G) is the biggest competitor for Estee Lauder based on the numbers of employees worldwide and the amount of net income and additionally most products of P&G compete directly with the products from Estee Lauder. Another competition that must be taken into great consideration is Avon whereby Avon competes with Estee Lauder with almost all spectrums of products which Estee Lauder offers to consumer. Other competitors such as Revlon and Colgate-Palmolive are also significant competition to Estee lauder but due to the insufficient data, the other competitors will be used instead for the Competitor Profile Matrix. Therefore, these 2 competitors; P&G, and Avon will be used in the Competitor Profile Matrix (CPM).
The weight for each factor represents the significance of the factors that range from low importance (0.0) to high importance (1.0). In the table above, the higher the weight for the factor, the more critical the factor is towards success of the company. The ratings range from 4 to 1 where 4 represent major strength, 3 for minor strength, 2 for minor weakness, and 1 for major weakness. Each company receives a score on each factor and the total score is simply the sum of individual score for each company. Company that receives higher score is relatively stronger than its competitor.
The success factor with the highest weight is the market share. Market share represents customers and is the most important thing in a stiff competing environment especially when the competitors are relatively larger in many aspects from the company itself. Estee Lauder only rated 3 which represents for minor strength, while P&G were rated 4 for major strength, and only 8
2 for Avon that represents minor weakness. Even though Estee Lauder posses the most number of countries where products are distributed with over 150 countries worldwide, but among these 3 companies Estee Lauder were the less profitable company rather than Avon with only 100 countries with its marketed products and of course P&G with only 140 countries but stands at the top with the highest value of revenues and net income generated. The second highest factor is the low cost structure where Estee Lauder only rated 2 which indicate minor weakness as Estee Lauder utilizes the prestige price strategy and focused more on mid range to high range price levels. The next important factors are price competitiveness, product quality, customer services, and distribution channels. Among these 4 factors, Estee Lauder only scored one of them as its major strength, one minor strength, while the other two were rated as minor weakness. Other factors that Estee Lauder were rated as major strength are variety of products which beat other competitors with over 9000 products distributed under 28 different brands, and strong online presence as Estee Lauder is the first prestige cosmetics firm that introduces shopping via internet. The other factor especially those with higher weight did not score very well as the other competitors do. The total weighted score for Estee Lauder is 2.65 which is just slightly above the average score and being the lowest of the 3 competing firms. Even though considering the size of the company with the lowest number of employees rather than the other two Avon and P&G company, Estee Lauder actually doing considerably good in the harsh and fierce competing environment particularly within the same market segment for the industry.
5.2.1 Intensive Marketing Strategy
Based on the result obtain with the competitive profile matrix, what Estee should do is to improvise its intensive strategies involving market penetration to increase market share for present products in present markets which at the same time will also improve other factors such as financial position. Marketing efforts also include cost leadership strategy that in line with the low cost structure that will at the same time build up the companys price competitiveness. As well as doing aggressive market penetration, Estee Lauder should also do aggressive market development where Estee Lauder went out and proactively introduce present products in new geographic areas or finding new market segments for present products. Estee Lauder should expand its operations and penetrates new markets as well as penetrates deeper into the existing 9
market environment to compete more efficiently in the market. Furthermore, within the intensive strategy also include the development of products which will increase the quality of products through research and development activities throughout the businesses itself that covers not only the products but also other aspects such as customer services, human resource management, and how to create strong online presence.
The intensive strategy consist of market penetration, market development, and product development that will cover most of the critical success factors listed in the CPM which Estee Lauder did not scores well. This strategy can greatly help the company to efficiently compete within the industry as well as increasing and upgrading the condition of the company in the long run.
5.2.1.1 Market Penetration
The rating for market share factor of Estee Lauder is relatively low even though it is the same rating with the biggest competitor in the market, P&G. in order to increase market share of the company, Estee Lauder must improvise strategy to further penetrate market around the globe both for developing and for emerging new market available. Estee Lauder should apply proactive measures in obtaining market share as well as to rob the market share of other competitors. To increase market share effectively, the company should utilize strategy to push present products in present markets as well as emerging markets through greater marketing efforts such as advertising methods, price leadership strategy, low price structure and with the help of technological revolution; the internet. Through market penetration, company can effectively increase its market share and at the same time can also try to steal the market share of other competitors for the sake of the company and also for the sake of competitive advantage.
5.2.1.2 Market Development
Market development is done through expanding the products offerings to foreign nation especially developing and emerging markets all around the world. The aim is to bring the present products to a new market environment. This strategy may be hard to exercise but Estee Lauder 10
has over 9000 products under 28 different brands altogether which gave Estee Lauder some kind of flexibility in penetrating new geography area to market its products in. Each product has its own unique characteristics in aspects such as price which is very important when doing penetration of market especially to new markets where the populations purchasing power is still unknown. The price range that Estee Lauder has to offer can also be very helpful in easing market development to new geographical market and new market segments within the industry.
5.2.1.3 Product Development Another strategy to improve the critical success factor for Estee Lauder is through the implementation of product development. Product development concerns mainly on the marketed product itself which is to increase the number of sales for a particular product by improving the condition and criteria of the product. With facilities in almost every continent on the globe, as well as more than 450 scientists working for Estee Lauder, product development can be done in a more efficient way to ensure ultimate satisfaction of customers. Besides doing improvements on existing products, product development also include developing new products for distribution. The suitability of a product towards certain conditions is varied in many ways. Some products may be suitable for women but not men, but some might be suitable for both. Therefore depending on certain conditions, to increase market share and other significant success factor, Estee Lauder should consider revising its strategy towards a more suitable strategy to utilize in ensuring its survival in the harsh and fierce competition of the cosmetics industry.
11
6.0 EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION
EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION Opportunities Weight Rating Weighted Score Rising demand from developing and emerging markets where in the next 20 years there will be more than 70 million working population across the globe will reach an income level that allows purchasing of cosmetics products 0.05 4 0.2 The whole continent of Africa is coming online 0.05 4 0.2 Global womens purchasing power is expected to increase by 5 trillion by 2015 0.07 3 0.21 By the year 2030, Americans over the age of 65 will represent one-fifth of the population 0.1 3 0.3 Younger customers age 20 to 30 years old are choosing to invest their money into preventive cosmetics to battle the effects of aging. 0.08 3 0.24 By the next 40 years, the worlds aging population will multiply by 2.5 times representing over 33% of the total population. 0.1 3 0.3 Life expectancy for the aging population will continue to improve 0.1 3 0.3 Green products appear to be maintaining their position in the economy struggle and these natural and organic products appear to be favorably received by consumers. 0.05 2 0.1 Threats High unemployment where the increase levels of job insecurity 0.03 4 0.12 The rising of energy prices 0.05 2 0.1 Regulations by U.S Department of Agriculture under the Standards of the National Organic Program (NOP) which states that 95% of the products contents must be organic and this 0.07 2 0.14 12
regulations also extends to the manufacturing processes. Aggressive competition by the competitors that are targeting the same market segment 0.07 3 0.21 Change of Consumers spending pattern of luxury goods 0.03 4 0.12 Competitive pricing of other similar effect or substitute products 0.05 3 0.15 Internet security threat on its e-commerce application 0.02 4 0.08 Foreign currency fluctuations 0.03 4 0.12 Changes in laws, regulations, and policies 0.05 2 0.1 Total 1 - 2.99
The weight value is the value that represents the level of influence a factor has ranging from not important/no influence (0.0) to most important or most influential (1.0) and the total weight value is 1.0. The rate factor represents the rating that indicates how effective the firms current strategies respond towards the factor. The rating range from 1 being the response is poor, 2 for the response is below average, 3 for the response is above average, and 4 represents the response is superior. Estee Lauder scored 2.99 on the weighted score which is above average score of 2.5 and indicates that even though not very well managed and responded upon, Estee Lauder still is doing considerably good in responding towards all the opportunities and threats that appears in front of it. Based on the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) there are numbers of strategies that Estee Lauder can use to efficiently response towards both threats and opportunities. Most of the proposed strategies are similar with the strategies proposed in the SWOT strategies.
13
6.1 Go Green
One effective strategy to battle out all the changes of regulations and regulations made regarding the use of harmful chemicals and the use of animal for test subject in the cosmetic industry is by turning to use natural and organic materials including within the manufacturing processes of products. The company will undergo if not 100% or maybe at minimum 50% changes in aspects covering manufacturing all products and the usage of materials and resources to produce cosmetics products. This changes will greatly costs the company but is the most effective in fighting off such threats from ever arises again. To do that, the company has over 400 scientists working research and development and based on the companys financial ratio the company has excess money to spend for the business. From this point of view, the most beneficial way of spending that excess money is by spending it for processes to turn the company into a green company which will completely eliminate the threats coming from animals and natures activists around the world as well as avoid any problems that can arises from regulations concerning usage of chemicals and animals for the products. There are over 400 scientists can be utilize to find solutions to produce products that are more nature friendly.
6.2 Cost Leadership Strategy
In this particular industry segment, the competition is relatively stiff and fearsome. Especially from big companies such as P&G, Colgate-Palmolive, Avon, LOreal, Revlon, and other companies competing within the same market segment. These competitors has their own unique capabilities such as huge workforce, brand loyalty, superior advertising strategy, larger market share, and etcetera but what Estee Lauder can use to fight of all these threats is by being a cost leader among all the competitors. Estee Lauder can start a on price-based war to compete against other competitors. Cost leadership strategy will help to retain customers while at the same time avoid any unwanted changes in buying trends among customers. Also through price leadership strategy, Estee Lauder can also fight off the threats of competitive pricing done by other companies that produce similar effects or substitute products such as Wal-Mart which is popular and renowned by its low price products. Estee Lauder can also battle the high unemployment where levels of job insecurity among the working population will decrease 14
purchasing power. There will be no need for superior purchasing power with the low price offered by Estee Lauder and everybody will be able to buy the products with little purchasing power as well as increasing number of sales for the company in the long run.
6.3 Expand Product Offerings
To tackle the opportunities that arise from developing and emerging markets in the next 20 years, Estee Lauder should consider to fully utilize their capabilities in reaching customers by expanding more and more products to foreign nations. By expanding their products, Estee Lauder would not just increase market share but can also diminish other significant threats such as high unemployment rates, pricing competitiveness, and other threats that can ruin the opportunities for Estee Lauder to move further ahead.The company has consistent brand imagery around the world using celebrities as endorsers in testimonial advertising for commercials as well as in magazines. Estee Lauder also has already conquered most of the globe by utilizing 28 brands with over 9000 products and the process to penetrate a new market environment would not be much of a problem to the company. Additionally, Estee Lauder has its own pricing strategy which not only offers prestige price for selected market levels but also varied price range from low range to high range that can be used to target and ease penetration into new market environment. The reason to expand their products will also accommodate the rising of the worlds aging population, the rising of womens purchasing power within the next ten years, and the improving life expectancy of aged populations.
15
7.0 STRENGTHS
1. Named one of 10 outstanding Women in Business in the United States which contributed largely towards the brand-building of the company 2. Estee Lauder has 28 brands and markets over 9000 products worldwide 3. Average annual revenues of more than 7.8 billion 4. Estee Lauder owns manufacturing facilities, research and development facilities, and businesses offices on nearly every continent on the world. It consists of 13 manufacturing facilities, 475 scientists working the Research & Development (R&D) facilities, and 43 business offices worldwide. 5. Manufacturing operations are certified by an independent party to conform to the ISO 14001 Standards. 6. Estee Lauder provides customer service and open dialogue on behalf of the company and its brands offering services and individualized attention to customers via websites, toll- free phone, and 6 global customer care centers. 7. Estee Lauder was the first major prestige cosmetics firm that offer shopping via internet. 8. Estee Lauder was the first company to offer free samples and gift-with-purchase plans and still continues those plans up until today 9. Estee Lauder has consistent brand imagery around the world using celebrities as endorsers in testimonial advertising for commercials on television as well as in magazines 10. Estee Lauder offers prestige price strategy as well as varied price range for particular products that come in low range up to high range prices which targeted various levels of customers to ease penetration towards certain conditions of economy. 11. Sell products to the globe covering over 150 countries worldwide.
16
8.0 WEAKNESSES
1. Most of the power of the company is vested on family members 2. The company has no written mission statement 3. Estee Lauder has small number of employees working worldwide than most of its top competitors in the industry. 4. Estee Lauder has lower revenues and net incomes than its top competitors such as Avon, P&G, Colgate-Palmolive, and LOreal. 5. Operating income for fragrance segment dropped 43% to 26.3 million. 6. Almost 45% of total sales for Estee Lauder are generated solely from the U.S market alone. 7. During discount time, most retailers will ask for higher discount. 8. Estee Lauder spends less money on global scale advertising than most of its top competitors 9. Avon has over 5 million independent sales representative and is the worlds largest direct seller of personal products primarily cosmetics which is in line with Estee Lauders range of products. 10. Concentrated on a single international image
9.0 INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION
INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION Strengths Weight Rating Weighted Score Named one of 10 outstanding Women in Business in the United States 0.05 4 0.2 Estee Lauder has 28 brands and markets over 9000 products worldwide 0.08 4 0.32 Average annual revenues of more than 7.8 billion 0.02 3 0.06 Estee Lauder owns manufacturing facilities, research and development facilities, and businesses offices on nearly every 0.05 3 0.15 17
continent on the world. Manufacturing operations are certified by an independent party to conform to the ISO 14001 Standards. 0.05 4 0.2 Estee Lauder provides customer service and open dialogue on behalf of the company and its brands offering services and individualized attention to customers via websites, toll-free phone, and 6 global customer care centers. 0.1 4 0.4 Estee Lauder was the first major prestige cosmetics firm that offer shopping via internet. 0.04 4 0.16 Estee Lauder was the first company to offer free samples and gift-with-purchase plans and still continues those plans up until today 0.04 3 0.12 Estee Lauder has consistent brand imagery around the world using celebrities as endorsers in testimonial advertising for commercials on television as well as in magazines 0.02 3 0.06 Estee Lauder offers prestige price strategy as well as varied price range for particular products that come in low range up to high range prices 0.05 4 0.2 Sell products to the globe covering over 150 countries worldwide 0.08 4 0.32 Weaknesses Most of the power of the company is vested on family members 0.01 2 0.02 The company has no written mission statement 0.01 2 0.02 Estee Lauder has small number of employees working worldwide than most of its top competitors in the industry. 0.07 1 0.07 Estee Lauder has lower revenues and net incomes than its top competitors such as Avon, P&G, Colgate-Palmolive, and LOreal 0.03 2 0.06 Operating income for fragrance segment dropped 43% to 26.3 0.03 2 0.06 18
million Almost 45% of total sales for Estee Lauder are generated solely from the U.S market alone. 0.03 2 0.06 During discount time, most retailers will ask for higher discount 0.05 2 0.1 Estee Lauder spends less money on global scale advertising than most of its top competitors 0.1 1 0.1 Avon has over 5 million independent sales representative and is the worlds largest direct seller of personal products primarily cosmetics which is in line with Estee Lauders range of products. 0.05 1 0.05 Concentrated on a single international image 0.04 1 0.04 Total 1 - 2.77
The weight for each factor represents the significance of the factors that range from low importance (0.0) to high importance (1.0). In the table above, the higher the weight for the factor, the more critical the factor is towards success of the company. The ratings range from 4 to 1 where 4 represent major strength, 3 for minor strength, 2 for minor weakness, and 1 for major weakness. Each company receives a score on each factor and the total score is simply the sum of individual score for each company. Company that receives higher score is relatively stronger than its competitor. Estee Lauder scored 2.77 on the weighted score of IFE which is just above average score that indicates even Estee Lauder is still doing pretty well instead of having several major weaknesses within the company itself. Through the IFE, Estee Lauder can revise several advisable strategies recommended and most of these strategies are similar with the SWOT strategies.
9.1 Expand Product and Market
Operating income for fragrance segment dropped 43% to 26.3 million and at the same time almost 45% of total sales for Estee Lauder are generated solely from the U.S market alone. Furthermore, Estee Lauder has lower revenues and net income than its top competitors such as 19
Avon, P&G, Colgate-Palmolive, and LOreal. In order to overcome these weaknesses, what Estee Lauder Should do is to expand its market share as well as expanding its present products to other market segment which the company has not ventured in yet. Those markets may be in the existing and developing market or new emerging market where by doing so will help to increase number of sales for the company which will result in increase revenues and net income. By expanding the product distributions to other foreign nations, Estee Lauder will also lowers the risk of losses if the US dollars arise as almost half percent of revenues generated came from the US market alone. By distributing the percentage of revenues generated, Estee Lauder also at the same time distributed the risk associated with each particular country or market segment. Estee Lauder owns over 9000 products under different brands distributed in more than 150 countries which give the company the edge to penetrate other market with ease. Estee Lauder is also considerably strong in terms of online presence which will also enhance the companys capability to penetrate other market on the globe that is separated geographically.
9.2 Diversify Marketing Approach
Another strategy to effectively utilize the strengths of the company to diminish the weaknesses is by diversifying the companys marketing approach. Estee Lauder has already acquire a considerably strong brand name around the globe with over 150 countries where its products are distributed. Additionally, Estee Lauder also pioneered the approach off marketing that offers its customers free samples and gift-with-purchase plans that still in use until today. To better accommodate this strategy, Estee Lauder should increase the number of employees working for the company to enable diversification of marketing approach can be done efficiently. An example can be seen in P&G company with 127000 workers worldwide which is the top competitor for Estee Lauder with annual revenues up to 70 billion and net income nearly 20 billion a year. Theoretically the larger the workforce the larger will the revenues be as large number of workers indicates large number of person actually working the field trying to increase market share as well as closing sales. Even so, that theory may not be right as Avon with only 100 countries where its products are distributed can also generate a high value of revenues per annum and managed to be crowned as the world largest direct seller firm. This is a two good example to be taken as consideration where Estee Lauder has the expenses to do so, and has the 20
ability to do so as there are facilities of the company in almost every continent in the world which will accommodate for the strategy of Estee Lauder to mimic the way Avon do its sales around the world. Marketing approach can also be diversified by focusing on global scale advertising and creating numbers of international brand imagery instead of relying to only one brand imagery.
10.0 FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS
10.1 Profitability
2010 2009 Gross Profit Margin 76.53% 74.31% Net Profit Margin 6.14% 2.98% Return on Assets 8.96% 4.22% Return on Equity 24.34% 13.13%
Based on the profitability ratio, the company has good performance in 2010 compared to 2009 because the GPM, NPM, ROA and ROE has increased from 74.31% - 76.53%, 2.98% - 6.14%, 4.22% - 8.96% and 13.13% - 24.34% respectively. This indicates that the company is efficient in generating their sales and able to gain profits. Furthermore, they are able to manage their cost of goods sold. This shows that for year 2010, the company has been performing very well than the previous year as well as proving the company owns the financial resources to continue its constituents in the future.
10.2 Liquidity
2010 2009 Current Ratio 1.98 times 1.99 times Quick Ratio 1.18 times 1.17 times Inventory to Net Working Capital $1548.8 $1453.3 21
The current ratio dropped from 1.99 times to 1.98 times in 2010 but still indicates a value that is sufficient for the company where the company actually has excess cash that can be used to spend or invest elsewhere in the business and can also indicates that the company has too many inventory. Even though the value dropped, the company still has a significantly high value of ratio that put the company being able to fulfill their short term obligations with short term assets as well guaranteeing basic matters such as salaries, bills, and expenses on time. The quick ration shows increase from 1.17 times to 1.18 times in 2010. The value of quick ratio showed in the table indicates that the firm has enough short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities without having to sell any inventories. Lastly the Inventory to Net Working Capital or working Capital shows increase from 1453.3 million to 1548.8 million in 2010 which indicates that the company posses the ability to survive in bad times where the downturn may cause significant impact towards the financial status of the company.
The leverage ratio shows decease in all ratios from 2009 to 2010. The debt to assets ratio dropped from 0.27 to 0.23 which indicates that the assets of business being financed by debt for 27 % in 2009 had decrease to 23 %. This showed a good sign that the company does not necessarily rely on debts to finance its assets based on the decrease percentage of assets being financed by debt from year 2009 to 2010. The debt to equity ratio also dropped from 0.85 to 0.63 which indicates less risk and very favorable for the company. Lower value of debt to equity ratio indicates that the company does not rely on external lenders that will put it on higher risks especially in higher interest rates. The value of 0.85 to 0.63 indicates that more and more assets of the business are financed by the company itself and not by shareholders equity which at the same time also tells that the percentage of assets of business which are financed by the company instead of by the debts is increasing.
22
10.4 Activity
2010 2009 Inventory turnover margin 2.21 times 2.37 times Fixed-asset turnover 0.47 0.21 Average collection period 35 days 43 days
The inventory turnover margin showed decrease from 2.37 times to 2.21 times in 2010 which indicates that the company were not so efficient in turning its inventory to generate profit for the company. However, the fixed asset turnover showed increase from 0.21 to 0.47 in 2010 which indicates that the company was able to fully utilize its assets to increase productivity. The average collection period also shown increase from 43 days to 35 days which indicates that the company were being very efficient in collecting credits from debtor. The company needs to draft a new strategy or methods in order to efficiently turn their inventories into profit in the future.
10.5 Growth
2010 2009 Sales Growth Rate 6.44 % -7.42 %
Average Annual Growth Rate -0.49 %
The sales growth rate foe Estee Lauder shows negative value of 7.42% which indicates that the company actually incurred decrease in sales in 2009 but the company went back up in 2010 with 6.44 % of sales growth rate that indicates that the sales rate of the company had increased although not very much. Based on the data provided on growth rate ratio, Estee Lauder actually is slowly increasing its sales rate from year 2009 to 2010. Even so, the average annual growth rate of the company did not give promising result as the average annual growth rate for the company is negative in value. The value of 0.49 % showed that the company is not making a good progress over the previous year even though the sales growth rate showed otherwise. It can also be concluded that the increase of sales growth rate did not provide strong impact 23
towards its average annual growth rate which can be problematic if not given appropriate consideration.
11.0 SWOT STRATEGIES
11.1 SO Strategies
11.1.1 Expand Product Offerings to Foreign Nation
To tackle the opportunities that arise from developing and emerging markets in the next 20 years, Estee Lauder should consider to fully utilize their capabilities in reaching customers by expanding more and more products to foreign nations. There are estimates of 70 million new market target for the company to set their anchor on and to effectively tackle the target the company must give their best especially by giving people the brand imagery of the company itself. The company has consistent brand imagery around the world using celebrities as endorsers in testimonial advertising for commercials as well as in magazines. It is best to utilizes that particular strength and start aiming for celebrities particularly from the developing and emerging markets to start nurturing peoples awareness towards the products that Estee Lauder has to offer and the benefits they can obtain from buying the products of Estee Lauder. Estee Lauder also has already conquered most of the globe by utilizing 28 brands with over 9000 products and the process to penetrate a new market environment would not be much of a problem to the company. Additionally, Estee Lauder has its own pricing strategy which not only offers prestige price for selected market levels but also varied price range from low range to high range that can be used to target and ease penetration into new market environment. Estee Lauder was able to utilize such pricing strategy is because the company distributes over 9000 products and by having large number of products to offer benefits the company itself towards the flexibility to adjust prices than most of its top competitors. The reason to expand their products will also accommodate the rising of the worlds aging population, the rising of womens purchasing power within the next ten years, and the improving life expectancy of aged populations.
24
11.1.2 Increase capability of online presence in the form of marketing, advertising, and customer services
Africa is one of the largest continents in the world and in the near future, the continent of Africa is coming online. This is a really big opportunities for the company to tackle especially with the company being the first major prestige cosmetics firm that offer shopping via internet. With the whole continent being online, the company can penetrate the market even deeper and easier while at the same breaking the geographical and technological barrier that has been blocking the way of marketers to venture to the continent itself. This is supported by the company having the ability to provide customer services and open dialogue on behalf of the company and its brands that can offer services as well as individualized attention to customers via websites. Besides that, whether it is online shopping or maybe normal ways of shopping its always a good thing and very interesting when they also have free gift for every purchase of products. Everybody loves free gifts and Estee Lauder has pioneered the industry and revolutionized single-handedly on the way of doing business by being the first ever company to provide free samples and gift-with-purchase plans which is still continues up until this moment. Having a strong online presence will not only affect the future Africa but also the whole market industry where information can be sent directly and in a very efficient manner which ease both sellers and buyers in manners that are favorable for both sides.
11.1.3 Increase Development and Production of New Products
The range of cosmetics products does not just used by aged population but also started receiving attention from younger population aged 20 to 30 years old. These younger customers are starting to trend towards spending their purchasing money on cosmetics products to battle the effects of aging. Additionally even teens are starting to turn their attention towards cosmetics products to battle the effects of aging. This here is a great opportunity and a requirement for the company to utilize its 475 scientist working for the research and development to develop specific products to match the requirements for these younger populations. To strengthen the credibility of the research and development of new products, manufacturing activities were also certified by an independent party to conform to the ISO 14001 standards. Continuous effort of research and 25
development can also be done to aim for green products based on natural and organic materials which appear to be maintaining its position as favorable to the consumers even in the times of economic struggle.
11.2 WO Strategies
11.2.1 Increase Numbers of Employees
Estee Lauder has relatively small number of workers working worldwide than most of its top competitors such as LOreal, and P&G. For the company to be able to tackle more and more markets especially developing and emerging markets will technically require large workforce to work the field. P&G as an example has 127000 workers worldwide working the market field and theoretically enable them to generate high revenues and net income than its competitors working the same market industry. Even though the revolution of technology called internet has significantly changed the world of marketing and successfully put down barriers of geography, the direct approach method where sellers will personally confront customers proved to be more effective. Avon is the largest direct selling company mainly in cosmetics in the world applied the same strategy and managed to generate even larger revenue and net income than Estee Lauder did even with small amount of countries where they sell their products than that of Estee Lauders. Therefore, while focusing on strengthening more and more presence of the company in the online environment, Estee Lauder should increase its workforce and also give appropriate focus on working the field directly in the future to be able to compete effectively with its ferocious competitors who from time to time will try to steal market share from Estee Lauder.
11.2.2 Diversify International Image and Global Advertising
Estee Lauder is concentrated on a single international image and it is time to change that in order to tackle emerging and developing markets in the future. It is unquestionable that with distribution to over 150 countries worldwide, the name Estee Lauder is not an alien to many ears but may be a boring view for many eyes already. People get bored easily and sticking with a single international image will only make it worse. What the company wants is for its products to 26
remain prestige for the customers. Especially to existing customers so that the company can retain brand loyalty therefore requires the company to be much more creative in the way of sending customers the international image of the company and its products in a way that represents prestige and excellence without ever make them feel wanting to go for other brand from other company. To fortify that effort, company must also be prepared to spend significant amount of money to increase capability of advertising mainly on a global scale. Estee Lauder still lacks a bit of advertising superiority as they spend quite limited of money to do so which can also limit the impact of the advertisement towards customers.
11.3 ST Strategies
11.3.1 Go Green
The regulations of U.S Department of Agriculture under the standards of the National Organic Program states that 95% of the products contents must be organic and these regulations also extend to the manufacturing processes of products. Changes in regulations also came from the increasing activities of different groups voicing their objection towards harmful chemical ingredients and the use of animal as test subjects in cosmetics products which is also a threat to the company. To battle these threats, the most effective thing to do is by turning the company into a green company where all its products will be based on natural and organic materials as well as the manufacturing processes where the processes will evade usage of harmful chemical ingredients and the use of animal as a test subject in cosmetic products. To do that, the company has 0ver 400 scientists working research and development and based on the companys financial ratio the company has excess money to spend for the business. From this point of view, the most beneficial way of spending that excess money is by spending it for processes to turn the company into a green company which will completely eliminate the threats coming from animals and natures activists around the world as well as avoid any problems that can arises from regulations concerning usage of chemicals and animals for the products. the over 400 scientists can be utilize to find solutions to produce products that are more nature friendly.
27
11.3.2 Introduce Low Cost Structure
In this particular industry segment, the competition is relatively stiff and fearsome. Especially from big companies such as P&G, Colgate-Palmolive, Avon, LOreal, Revlon, and other companies competing within the same market segment. These competitors has their own unique capabilities such as huge workforce, brand loyalty, superior advertising strategy, larger market share, and etcetera but what Estee Lauder can use to fight of all these threats is its strengths of having more than 9000 products under various brands distributed to more than 150 countries at its disposal. With huge number of products, the company benefits from the flexibility to control the prices of each products especially products that can substitute each other. Estee Lauder can start a low cost structure strategy that focus on price-based war to compete against other competitors. By introducing a low cost structure, not only can the company competes effectively in the market but also can battle the changing pattern of buying among consumers to stay loyal to its products through the low cost structure strategy. By introducing a low cost structure strategy, Estee Lauder can also fight off the threats of competitive pricing done by other companies that produce similar effects or substitute products such as Wal-Mart which is popular and renowned by its low price products. By introducing low cost structure to the customers, Estee Lauder can also battle the high unemployment where levels of job insecurity among the working population will decrease purchasing power. There will be no need for superior purchasing power with the low cost structure and everybody will be able to buy the products with little purchasing power as well as increasing number of sales for the company in the long run.
11.4 WT Strategies
11.4.1 New Vision and Mission Statement
To be able to compete effectively against the other big fishes in the cosmetics pool of industry segment, Estee Lauder should draft a new vision and mission statement with a new clearer corporate structure. Vision and mission keeps the company from being strayed along the run. Whereby vision is what the company wants to achieve or where the company wants to be 28
within stated period of time. This will keep the company navigated through all obstacles without losing the way even in the darkest and harshest conditions. At the same time, the company that had no written mission statement should do so in the future and develop how are they going to achieve the stated vision and release it to the public. This can help increase public awareness towards the company itself as well as giving them a little bit of idea of how the company operates and what the company wants to achieve in the long run.
SLOW MARKET GROWTH Quadrant I Quadrant II Quadrant III Quadrant IV 29
Based on all the matrices done previously and several strategies also had been recommended according to the result of those matrices and the strategies are as follows:
1. Market Penetration 2. Market Development 3. Product Development 4. Go Green 5. Cost Leadership Strategy 6. Expand Product Offerings 7. Expand Product and Market 8. Diversify Marketing Approach 9. Expand Product Offerings to Foreign Nation 10. Increase capability of online presence in the form of marketing, advertising, and customer services 11. Increase Development and Production of New Products 12. Increase Numbers of Employees 13. Diversify International Image and Global Advertising 14. Introduce Low Cost Structure 15. New Vision and Mission Statement Even though there are 15 overall strategies but all these strategies can be categorized into 1 and grouped into 3 groups which is market penetration which includes all about increasing market share as well as diversifying and utilizing greater or more effective marketing efforts, market development which include all about expanding products to other market segment or other developing and emerging markets, and product development that includes all about improving products and developing new products. The groups and its subs are as shown:
5. Increase capability of online presence in the form of marketing, advertising, and customer services 6. New Vision and Mission Statement 7. Diversify International Image and Global Advertising Market Development 1. Expand Product Offerings to Foreign Nation 2. Expand Product and Market 3. Expand Product Offerings Product Development 1. Increase Development and Production of New Products 2. Go Green
All these groups of strategies are categorized into one which is intensive marketing strategy which is located in Quadrant I of the Grand Strategy Matrix. The intensive marketing strategy is the most suitable for a highly strong competitive marketing environment and in a rapid market growth. Therefore the intensive marketing strategy is in the Quadrant I.
Market Penetration Market Development Product Development Key Factors W AS TAS W AS TAS W AS TAS Strengths Estee Lauder has 28 brands and markets over 9000 products worldwide 0.18 4 0.72 0.2 4 0.8 0.12 4 0.48 Estee Lauder provides customer service and open dialogue on behalf of the company and its brands offering services and individualized attention to customers via websites, toll-free phone, and 6 global customer care centers. 0.2 4 0.8 0.18 4 0.72 0.15 3 0.45 Sell products to the globe covering over 150 countries worldwide 0.14 3 0.42 0.11 3 0.33 0.1 3 0.3 Weaknesses Estee Lauder spends less money on global scale advertising than most of its top competitors 0.17 4 0.68 0.23 4 0.92 0.25 4 1 Estee Lauder has small number of employees working worldwide than most of its top competitors in the industry. 0.2 4 0.8 0.2 4 0.8 0.21 4 0.84 Concentrated on a single international image 0.11 3 0.33 0.08 2 0.16 0.17 3 0.51 Sum Weight 1 1 1 Opportunities By the year 2030, Americans over the 0.18 4 0.72 0.04 0 0 0.19 4 0.76 32
age of 65 will represent one-fifth of the population Life expectancy for the aging population will continue to improve 0.19 4 0.76 0.22 4 0.88 0.15 4 0.6 By the next 40 years, the worlds aging population will multiply by 2.5 times representing over 33% of the total population. 0.22 4 0.88 0.25 4 1 0.18 4 0.72 Threats Aggressive competition by the competitors that are targeting the same market segment 0.2 4 0.8 0.22 4 0.88 0.17 4 0.68 Regulations by U.S Department of Agriculture under the Standards of the National Organic Program (NOP) which states that 95% of the products contents must be organic and this regulations also extends to the manufacturing processes. 0.01 3 0.03 0.07 0 0 0.14 4 0.56 Competitive pricing of other similar effect or substitute products 0.2 4 0.8 0.2 4 0.8 0.17 4 0.68 Sum Weight 1 1 1 SUM TOTAL ATTRACTIVENESS SCORE 7.74 > 7.29 < 7.58 W= Weight AS= Attractive Score TAS= Total Attractive Score
Attractive Score: 0= Not Relevant 1= Not Acceptable 2= Possibly Acceptable 3= Probably Acceptable 4= Most Acceptable 33
Based on the result of QSPM, market penetration shown to have larger value than the other two strategies with 7.74 beating 7.58 for product development, and 7.29 for market development. This shows that the best strategy to utilize for Estee Lauder is by using market penetration as its main strategy to effectively strive in the market as well as competing among other companies. Market penetration is mainly a strategy for a company to increase its market share with its present products in its present market through greater marketing efforts. Within the market penetration strategy consists of several strategies suggested earlier in the matrices done and all the strategies had been grouped together as these strategies shares common attributes which is to increase marketing efforts as well as increasing market share in the companys present market using its present products. As already known, Estee Lauder had already been a major company with 28 brands and over 9000 products being distributed and marketed in over 150 countries worldwide which is the most countries involved in its operations than its top competitors in the industry. With over 9000 products marketed, developing new products is hardly an idea as these 9000 products cover wide variety range of customers with wide variety of income level, alongside covering wide variety of unique characteristics. Therefore having more than 9000 for the moment is considered as more than enough to help the company to move forward. Even though having the most countries involved in its operations, Estee Lauder still couldnt match the revenues that companies such as Avon whose countries involved were only 100 in total. What the company needs right now is to continue marketing its present products and strengthening its position within existing market. With huge numbers of market Estee Lauder already ventured in, the main thing to do is to win the market share over from its competitors and to do so by using the present products, Estee Lauder will need diversified, creative, innovative, and effective way of marketing.
The first strategy is by introducing low cost structure to the customers. What driven most customers is price. Price can bring huge impact towards customers point of view and interest towards a particular product. Low cost structure can help company to reduce costs relative in manufacturing and producing products thus will at the same time reduce the products price. By doing so, company can also benefit by supporting the low cost strategy with a powerful cost leadership strategy. Being a leader in cost and a leader in range of products as well as variety of products can definitely contribute towards significant increase of competitive advantage. Estee 34
Lauder has more than 9000 products but not all of them require low cost structure as some of them can still remain within the prestige price strategy. This strategy is just for introductory phase where customers are nurtured towards brand loyalty. Cost leadership strategy is a good strategy when facing formidable competitors such as Avon and P&G. Estee Lauder will initiate a price war amongst all competitors and pulling them into the axis forcing them to reduce their prices as well hoping that the reduced price will have significant negative impact towards the financial status of the competitors that will result in them having to pull away from the market leaving Estee Lauder with all the market share left behind. This is a long-term strategy that will took some time for it to take effect but if utilized properly, the wait may be very lucrative.
Another way to increase market share is by increasing the number of employees working for the company throughout the globe. More workers mean more ground can be covered and thus more market share can be obtained. The number of employees can represents the capability of the company in terms of doing job that are more suitable and effective done by humans rather than done by machines like doing a direct approach sales where personnel will personally approach potential customers to directly engage in selling activities. Just as done by Avon who is the largest direct seller firm in the world. How does Avon done it? Of course by utilizing as much workforce as they can to mobilize sales from a customer to a customer. Meeting a customer directly and personally can help to build stronger trust of the customer towards the specific brands of products which at the same time will greatly increase their sense of brand loyalty because they feel appreciated. Workers can also be mobilize to done customer service operations where instead of having the customer come to the nearest branch, have the personnel to personally come to their home and consult the problems directly. A customer that feels appreciated will never change their loyalty to other brand even if the other brand is much cheaper. This is exactly a way of doing marketing by utilizing the full capability of human workforce.
Estee Lauder should also instead of spending money on new development of product or expanding further to unknown markets with unknown level of risks involved, spend adequate amount of money on diversifying and upgrading the marketing approach mainly regarding advertising of products to customers. Marketing approach must be creative and innovative to be 35
able to capture the heart of customers. One interesting method which the founder of the company uses to revolutionize the cosmetic industry is by giving free samples and gift-with-purchase plans and up until today this plan is still continuously used to every Estee Lauders customers worldwide. Marketing approach is not just hiring celebrities and asks them to say that they used the products to look like how they look. Everybody knows thats a big fat lie. They always wear makeup before shooting which does not indicates that they used the product for real. Use a far more effective and money saving method such as maybe doing booth in packed shopping malls, conducting real life challenges to customers using the products that they will get a significant results or their money will be given back. This type of marketing may sound old but its a direct approach and most of the direct approach marketing wins the most heart of customers rather than televisions, radio, or magazines. Even so, online marketing method should not be forgotten too. Direct approach may be the best way to initiate sales but there are also significant populations of customers that do their shopping via internet. This population has the highest probability to spread the words of positive reviews if the particular products works on the. Usually the spread of rumors were done in the form of facebook, twitter, and many other social media on the internet.
14.0 CONCLUSION
Based on all the analysis done through the application of several matrices and management tools, it can be concluded that the most preferable strategy for Estee Lauder to utilize for future improvement is the market penetration strategy that involves the company doing extraneous effort which focus in the company increasing its market share within its existing market using its present products. The market penetration also highlights the company to dedicate more efforts towards diversifying its marketing approach in more creative and innovative way also through its already exist market and present products with no consideration whatsoever towards expanding its market to foreign or emerging markets, or regarding its products as well as putting aside ideas to develop new products. Within the market penetration strategy consists several sub strategies that focus towards increasing the companys market share as well as concerns about diversifying market approach and strengthening existing approach for better and efficient utilization. 36
Based on the result from all the analysis showed that the company needed to utilize market penetration strategy, there is still no confirmation of whether the strategy itself will be beneficial towards the company. All the analysis done previously is mainly based on intuitive supported by analytical reasoning to come up with the most preferable strategy to apply. In the real world, there are no definite strategies that can be guaranteed to provide companies with what they need in order to survive in the market. All the factors involve in this analysis is just a small part of huge variety of influential factors that were not included in this analysis that can bring upon more highly significant impact. To achieve ultimate strategy, companies must be able to harness all the factors involve in the processes in a more holistic manner which is nearly impossible to be done in a short period of time. Therefore the answer to what problems Estee Lauder have particularly in this case analysis can be highly subjective and the utilization of only these analyses may not be able to fully fulfill the interest of the company itself but its better than nothing.