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Naturally occurring manganese (Mn) is composed of 1 stable isotope,

55
Mn. 25 radioisotopes have been characterized with the
most stable being
53
Mn with a half-life of 3.7 million years,
54
Mn with a half-life of 312.3 days, and
52
Mn with a half-life of
5.591 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 3 hours and the majority of these have
half-lives that are less than 1 minute, but only
45
Mn has an unknown half-life. The least stable is
44
Mn with a half-life shorter
than 105 nanoseconds. This element also has 3 meta states.
Manganese is part of the iron group of elements which are thought to be synthesized in large stars shortly before supernova
explosion.
53
Mn decays to
53
Cr with a half-life of 3.7 million years. Because of its relatively short half-life,
53
Mn occurs only in
tiny amounts due to the action of cosmic rays on iron in rocks.
[1]
Manganese isotopic contents are typically combined with
chromium isotopic contents and have found application in isotope geology and radiometric dating. Mn-Cr isotopic ratios reinforce
the evidence from
26
Al and
107
Pd for the early history of the solar system. Variations in
53
Cr/
52
Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several
meteorites indicate an initial
53
Mn/
55
Mn ratio that suggests Mn-Cr isotopic systematics must result from in-situ decay of
53
Mn in
differentiated planetary bodies. Hence
53
Mn provides additional evidence for nucleosynthetic processes immediately before
coalescence of the solar system.
The isotopes of manganese range in atomic weight from 46 u (
46
Mn) to 65 u (
65
Mn). The primary decay mode before the most
abundant stable isotope,
55
Mn, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay.
Standard atomic mass: 54.938045(5) u
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nuclide
symbol
Z(p) N(n)

isotopic mass (u)

half-life
decay
mode(s)
[2][n 1]
daughter
isotope(s)
[n 2]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
44
Mn 25 19 44.00687(54)# <105 ns p
43
Cr (2-)#
45
Mn
25 20 44.99451(32)# unknown p
44
Cr
(7/2-)#
46
Mn
25 21 45.98672(12)# 37(3) ms

+
(78%)
46
Cr
(4+)

+
, p (22%)
45
V

+
, (<1%)
42
Ti

+
, 2p (<1%)
44
Ti
46m
Mn 150(100)# keV 1# ms
+ 46
Cr 1-#
47
Mn
25 22 46.97610(17)# 100(50) ms

+
(96.6%)
47
Cr
5/2-#

+
, p (3.4%)
46
V
48
Mn
25 23 47.96852(12) 158.1(22) ms

+
(99.71%)
48
Cr
4+

+
, p (.027%)
47
V

+
, (610
4
%)
44
Ti
49
Mn
25 24 48.959618(26) 382(7) ms

+ 49
Cr
5/2-
50
Mn
25 25 49.9542382(11) 283.29(8) ms

+ 50
Cr
0+
50m
Mn
229(7) keV 1.75(3) min

+ 50
Cr
5+
51
Mn
25 26 50.9482108(11) 46.2(1) min

+ 51
Cr
5/2-
52
Mn 25 27 51.9455655(21) 5.591(3) d
+ 52
Cr 6+
52m
Mn
377.749(5) keV 21.1(2) min

+
(98.25%)
52
Cr
2+
IT (1.75%)
52
Mn
53
Mn
25 28 52.9412901(9)
3.7(4)10
6
a
EC
53
Cr
7/2- trace
54
Mn
25 29 53.9403589(14) 312.03(3) d
EC 99.99%
54
Cr
3+

-
(2.910
4
%)
54
Fe

+
(5.7610
7
%)
54
Cr
55
Mn
25 30 54.9380451(7) Stable 5/2- 1.0000
56
Mn
25 31 55.9389049(7) 2.5789(1) h

- 56
Fe
3+
57
Mn
25 32 56.9382854(20) 85.4(18) s

- 57
Fe
5/2-
58
Mn
25 33 57.93998(3) 3.0(1) s

- 58
Fe
1+
58m
Mn
71.78(5) keV 65.2(5) s

-
(>99.9%)
58
Fe
(4)+
IT (<.1%)
58
Mn
59
Mn
25 34 58.94044(3) 4.59(5) s

- 59
Fe
(5/2)-
60
Mn
25 35 59.94291(9) 51(6) s

- 60
Fe
0+
60m
Mn
271.90(10) keV 1.77(2) s

-
(88.5%)
60
Fe
3+
IT (11.5%)
60
Mn
61
Mn 25 36 60.94465(24) 0.67(4) s
- 61
Fe (5/2)-
62
Mn
25 37 61.94843(24) 671(5) ms

-
(>99.9%)
62
Fe
(3+)

-
, n (<.1%)
61
Fe
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62m
Mn
0(150)# keV 92(13) ms (1+)
63
Mn
25 38 62.95024(28) 275(4) ms

- 63
Fe
5/2-#
64
Mn
25 39 63.95425(29) 88.8(25) ms

-
(>99.9%)
64
Fe
(1+)

-
, n (<.1%)
63
Fe
64m
Mn 135(3) keV >100 s
65
Mn
25 40 64.95634(58) 92(1) ms

-
(>99.9%)
65
Fe
5/2-#

-
, n (<.1%)
64
Fe
66
Mn
25 41 65.96108(43)# 64.4(18) ms

-
(>99.9%)
66
Fe

-
, n (<.1%)
65
Fe
67
Mn 25 42 66.96414(54)# 45(3) ms
- 67
Fe 5/2-#
68
Mn 25 43 67.96930(64)# 28(4) ms
69
Mn
25 44 68.97284(86)# 14(4) ms 5/2-#
^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
1.
^ Bold for stable isotopes 2.
Notes
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak
assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one
standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental
Constants (SUNAMCO)
Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
^ J. Schaefer et al. (2006). "Terrestrial manganese-53 A new monitor of Earth surface processes". Earth and Planetary Science
Letters 251 (34): 334345. Bibcode:2006E&PSL.251..334S (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006E&PSL.251..334S).
doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.016 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2006.09.016).
1.
^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx 2.
Isotope masses from:
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and
decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bhlke, P. De Bivre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003).
"Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://www.iupac.org/publications
/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683).
M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://iupac.org
/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 20512066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051). Lay summary (http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-
weights_revised05.html).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and
decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
Isotopes of manganese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_manganese
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doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/). Brookhaven National
Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).
CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
Isotopes of chromium Isotopes of manganese Isotopes of iron
Table of nuclides
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