Sponsored by Eskom and the
Department of Science & Technology
VOLUME 14 NUMBER 1
Desert-ocean thermal
energy conversion
T
he most plentiful renewable
energy source on our planet is
solar radiation, approximately
170 000 TW falls on the Earth annu-
ally.
There is already in existence a
renewable energy scheme called
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
(OTEC). This uses the naturally
occurring temperature gradient in the
marine water column to generate
electricity. There are two types of
OTEC systems – ‘Open-Cycle’ and
‘Closed-Cycle’.
Open-Cycle involves the flash
evaporation of a fraction of the warm
seawater by reduction of pressure
below the saturation value correspon-
ding to its temperature, which is then
passed through a turbine to generate
power before being condensed by the
cold water.
For our purposes, we shall be
focussing on ‘Closed-Cycle’ OTEC
systems. The operation of a typical
‘closed-cycle’ OTEC scheme is based
on the Rankine cycle in which a sec-
ondary working fluid (e.g. ammonia)
is pumped through a heat exchanger
and is heated by the warm surface,
where it evaporates (and hence
expands). From there it is passed
through a turbine coupled to a gener-
ator which generates an electric cur-
rent. The fluid exiting the turbine is
then condensed using the cold, deep
water, ready to be re-circulated
through the system. The greater the
temperature gradient the greater
amount of energy can be extracted
from the system. Because of this, to
make it viable, applications have pri-
marily been limited to those areas in
www.erc.uct.ac.za
the world where the temperature gra-
dient between warm, surface water
and cold, deep water is greater than
18°C. The ‘closed-cycle’ system is
shown diagrammatically in Figure 1.
The analysis of a ‘Closed-Cycle’
OTEC system using the Rankine
Cycle is straightforward. Based on a
unit mass flow-rate of ammonia
vapour (kgs-1) in the cycle:
Heat added (J/kg) qA = h3 – h2
Turbine work (J/kg) wr = h3 – h4
Heat rejected (J/kg) |qR| = h1 – h4
Pump Work (J/kg) |wp| = h2 – h1
Cycle net work (J/kg)
∆wnet = (h3 – h4) – (h2 – h1)
Thermal efficiency
w (h3 – h4) – (h2 – h1)
η = q net = (h3 – h2)
A Northern Free State coal-fired
Due to the small temperature gra-
dient, the thermal efficiency of the
system is low (around 3 – 4 %), which
is a lot lower than conventional forms
of power production, but it is accept-
able due to the endless supply of
earth-bound solar energy. There are
also other cycles to consider (e.g. the
Kalina and Uehara) which are
claimed to have a greater theoretical
efficiency.
One of the main limiting factors
with regard to conventional OTEC
schemes is the need to pump large
volumes of cold water needed to con-
dense the working fluid from depths
as deep as 1 000m and the associat-
MARCH 2008
IN THIS ISSUE
Desert-ocean thermal energy
conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
State of the Nation address . . . . 3
Hydropower news in Africa. . . . . 4
African Utility Week . . . . . . . . . . 5
Civil society launches 10-point
plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
SANEA awards 2008 . . . . . . . . . 7
Eta awards 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Eskom may delay Alcan smelter
until 2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Biogas plant markets boom
worldwide, studies show . . . . . . 8
What impact are ongoing
blackouts likely to have on the
property market? . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Health24 developing carbon
calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Dipetane launch. . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Marketers called to unite
against power crisis . . . . . . . . . 10
Lights to go out at Pick n Pay. . 11
Illuminating sponsorship
alleviates traffic chaos . . . . . . . 12
Wind turbines generate more
than 1% of global electricity . . . 13
Assessment and alternatives for
power station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Portable gensets, ups and battery
standby systems for home and
office use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mining towns in South Africa
Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
What is ProBEC?. . . . . . . . . . . 20
Programme in fuel qualities,
specifications and compliance . 21
Energy management training
courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Forthcoming energy and energy-
related conferences and courses:
2008–2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2 Energy Management News
Warm water in
Working
fluid
vapour
Evaporator
3 4
Turbo-generator
Warm water out
2 1
Working fluid
Figure 1: The ‘closed-cycle’ system
ed difficulties of sinking and securing
the large diameter pipes needed to
these depths.
The west coast of South Africa and
Namibia has an abundant supply of
cold surface and near-surface water
lying adjacent to the coastline due to
the dynamical oceanographic process
known as ‘upwelling.’ This readily avail-
able supply of cold water overcomes
problems surrounding cold water pipe
technology in conventional OTEC sys-
tems. If a means can be found to create
a positive temperature differential of
greater than 18°C with this source
water then thermal energy conversion
will be possible. It is proposed that the
pre-requisite gradient can be obtained
by an input of heat from a combination
of incoming solar radiation, the hot
desert surface and local wind energy.
In operational terms, the best way to
achieve this differential is to heat a suf-
ficient volume-per-unit-time of the
incoming source water. This modifica-
tion provides a significant departure
from conventional OTEC schemes and
has been provisionally named `Des-
OTEC’.
The west coast of South Africa and
Namibia is home to the Benguela
Upwelling System, one of five major
coastal upwelling areas in the world
ocean. Others are located off the
coasts of Peru and Chile, California,
N.W. Africa and seasonally off the
coast of Somalia. They are all charac-
terised by strong equatorward winds
which drive an offshore movement of
surface water (through Ekman trans-
port) resulting in the upwelling of cold,
nutrient-rich deep water into a broad
zone adjacent to the coast. Des-OTEC
would be applicable to any of these
upwelling systems.
The Benguela therefore has a
perennial reservoir of coastal water
between 7°C and 12°C. This water is
readily available for pumping to a land-
Des-OTEC provides a conceptual
Working Cold water out modification to existing OTEC systems
fluid
vapour by circumventing the need for an ambi-
Condensor ent temperature gradient in the water
column and removing the constraints
imposed by cold water pipe technology.
Cold water in It is envisaged that small-scale, locally-
orientated electricity supply schemes
would greatly benefit the towns and
settlements along the west coast of
Condensate South Africa and Namibia and the
coasts of other upwelling areas. The
electric power generated by such
schemes can be used for domestic or
small-scale industrial supply. Alterna-
based, closed-cycle OTEC plant, how- tively, it can be used to run desalination
ever, before the system can operate plants supplying fresh water for drink-
successfully, it is necessary to acquire ing or agriculture. The water pumped
a source of heat 18°C or more than the ashore as part of Des-OTEC is rich in
coldwater source. A variety of solar col- plant nutrients and would be suitable
lectors, heat ponds etc. are being con- for local aquaculture projects.
sidered to obtain this. This heat source
l Contact: Dr Howard Waldron
can then be used to evaporate the Department of Oceanography
working fluid. University of Cape Town
The coastline of the Benguela Tel: 021 650 3284
Upwelling System is mainly of the Fax: 021 650 3979
desert type, especially in its mid and E-mail: howard.waldron@uct.ac.za
northern sections. There are high rates
of incident solar radiation (up to 1200 David Petrie
W.m-2) and elevated sand-surface tem- E-mail: petriedave@gmail.com
peratures (c. 60°C). It is the initial
design criterion that this untapped heat
source be used to increase the water
temperature at a sufficient rate for use
in the closed-cycle evaporator.
Incident and back solar radiation
may be sufficient to obtain the neces-
sary temperature gradient, however,
supplementary energy is available from
the substantial wind energy available in
the coastal belt. The southerly and
south-easterly wind (25 – 40 knots)
could be harnessed using available
technology to provide subsidiary ener-
gy to help with pumping, heating, or
potentially, as an independent source
of power. A diagram of the proposed
scheme is shown in Figure 2.
S Atlantic Land
Coastline
Closed Cycle
Cold Des-OTEC
water Electric
plant
power
Cold Warm output
coastal water
water
Solar radiation/
heated desert surface
Figure 2: Schematic of Des-OTEC
system

T
he national emergency repre-
sented by the current power out-
ages poses a challenge and
presents the opportunity to the entire
nation to give concrete expression to
the call we have just made for all of us
to unite in action and act in unity to
keep our country on course. This must
say to all of us that we are indeed in a
period of challenges, but surmountable
challenges. And precisely because it is
a period of challenges, it is also an era
of opportunity!
In this regard, the President ex-
pressed his appreciation and full agree-
ment with the comments made by the
Chief Executive of Anglo American,
Cynthia Carroll, when she addressed
the Mining Indaba in Cape Town on 5
February. ‘I don’t regard the problems
of energy supply here as a disaster.
And South Africa is not alone: there are
pressures on supply regarding our
expansion projects in Chile and Brazil.
‘Sure, the problems here are seri-
ous; overcoming them will require inge-
nuity, especially in energy efficiency
and energy saving, as well as the
development of alternative power sup-
plies. But if all of us can forge strong
partnerships to tackle the situation, we
will all come through – I hope relatively
unscathed…This is not a time for finger
pointing, but for working together in
finding solutions.’
This having been said, it is however
also necessary that we take this oppor-
tunity to convey to the country the
apologies of both the Government and
Eskom for the national emergency
which has resulted in all of us having to
contend with the consequences of load
shedding. In the past two weeks, the
Ministers of Minerals and Energy and
Public Enterprises have outlined the
nature of the emergency we confront
and what each one of us can do to nor-
malise the situation.
In essence the significant rise in
electricity demand over the last two
years has outstripped the new capacity
we have brought on stream. The result-
ant tight supply situation makes the
overall system vulnerable to any inci-
dent affecting the availability of energy.
In this situation, we have to curtail the
unplanned outages and the only way
State of
the
Nation
address
PRESIDENT THABO MBEKI,
IN HIS STATE OF THE NATION
ADDRESS IN FEBRUARY,
MENTIONED THE FOLLOWING
ON ENERGY MATTERS
we can do this immediately is reduce
demand and thus ensure a better
reserve margin.
The President mentioned that gov-
ernment’s task is to now lead and unite
the country behind a campaign for
energy efficiency that will address this
challenge. Among other things, we
must use the current adversity to
ensure that our homes and economy
become more energy efficient.
There are concrete actions each
individual, household and business can
take. These are being disseminated by
the Department of Minerals and Energy
and we remain open to any other sug-
gestions. Government will start imple-
menting a campaign to ensure efficient
lighting, solar water heating and geyser
load management in households, in-
cluding housing standards for all new
houses and developments. We urge
households that can afford to act imme-
diately to consider implementing these
energy-saving measures.
An instruction has been issued for
all government buildings to reduce their
consumption of electricity and please
feel free to name and shame those who
do not.
The details of other voluntary and
mandatory actions in the Power Con-
servation Programme have been set
out by the Ministers, and these will be
Energy Management News 3
refined through consultation with the
various stakeholders and then pub-
lished.
On the supply side, Eskom is work-
ing furiously to ensure the introduction
of co-generation projects as a matter of
urgency. We are taking steps to
enhance Eskom’s maintenance capac-
ity. We have emergency task teams
dealing with the challenge of coal qual-
ity and supply with the coal mining
industry and we are working to fast
track the approval and construction of
gas turbine projects. All these actions,
taken together with the electricity sav-
ing measures, will improve certainty
and raise the reserve margin.
The massive Eskom build pro-
gramme in new generation, transmis-
sion and distribution capacity will con-
tinue; and where possible, some
projects will be accelerated. In a meet-
ing with the Chairman of General Elec-
tric (GE) during the course of last week,
GE offered to assist by procuring
scarce turbine equipment on our
behalf. In South Africa our own large
companies such as Sasol, Anglo and
BHP Billiton are all in concrete discus-
sions with the Departments of Mineral
and Energy and Public Enterprises to
find cost effective and sustainable solu-
tions to the supply constraint. The
approach is one of common action
rather than recrimination. Government
will be working to minimise the adverse
impacts that events have had on the
mining industry.
Collective effort and consultation
are at the centre of our response to the
emergency. Task teams are currently
working in many areas. Provincial Pre-
miers will convene their fora with may-
ors to plan and implement the energy
saving measures in all the municipali-
ties across the country. They will be
supported by technical teams from EDI
Holdings, Eskom and the National
Energy Efficiency Agency. The Depart-
ment of Provincial and Local Govern-
ment will co-ordinate this activity sup-
ported by the line Departments of
Mineral and Energy and Public Enter-
prises.
The President will convene a meet-
ing of the Joint Presidential Working
Groups to co-ordinate our overall
4 Energy Management News
actions. He will also shortly announce a
team of ‘Energy Champions’ consisting
of prominent and knowledgeable South
Africans who will assist government
with the energy efficiency campaign
and inform investors and communities
on the actual situation and how they
can help to address our current chal-
lenges.
The Minister of Finance would pro-
vide more information in the Budget
Speech on the support that the govern-
ment will provide for the energy effi-
ciency campaign and to Eskom in its
build programme.
We face an emergency but we can
overcome the problems in a relatively
short period. This situation has precipi-
tated the inevitable realisation that the
era of very cheap and abundant elec-
tricity has come to an end. However,
given our large base of installed gener-
ation capacity, for a long time to come
ours will remain amongst the few
economies with affordable electricity.
We are a minerals resource econo-
my. We must therefore continue to sup-
port the mining industry. It is inevitable
that if we are to continue on our growth
path as a manufacturing country, we
will also have to continue supporting
the processing industry. However, it is
imperative that all enterprises become
more energy efficient. Indeed, energy
efficiency itself provides economic
opportunity.
Let us therefore use this emergency
to put in place the first building blocks
of the essential energy efficient future
we dare not avoid. Let us ensure that
all hands are on deck to address the
turbulence that has hit us, inspired by
the approach that our circumstances
call for Business Unusual!
To speed up the process of building
infrastructure, we will finalise the devel-
opment of an integrated infrastructure
plan, with specific emphasis on energy
efficiency. This entails co-ordinating the
programmes of the State-owned Enter-
prises and overlaying all the infrastruc-
ture plans, including freight and other
logistics, energy pipelines, information
and communications technology, road
infrastructure, water and electricity,
both in terms of their timing and geo-
graphic location.
l Website: www.gov.za
Hydropower
news
in Africa
A
s power shortages become more common on the African con-
tinent and the demand for energy increases, it seems that
Africa’s governments and utilities are opting for generation of
electricity through hydropower. Even more significant is the invest-
ment that has flowed into hydropower projects and the number of
PPPs, indicating a growing confidence in hydropower as a long-term,
sustainable and clean energy option.
Some projects receiving funding are:
CAMEROON
Memve’ele hydropower station will be built by Globeleq, who have
signed a deal with the government for construction of the new 200
megawatt power station.
DRC
MagEnergy Inc. signed a preliminary agreement with INGA hydro-
electric facility owner, Societe Nationale d’Electricite (SNEL), calling
for the rehabilitation of all the turbines currently installed at INGA I
and II.
ETHIOPIA
The Gibe111 Hydro Electric Power Project was signed between the
Electric and Power Corporation (EEPCO) and SALINI Construction,
an Italian construction company.
MADAGASCAR
The German Cooperation Agency, GTZ, has lent its support to the
feasibility studies for a mini-hydropower plant and distribution net-
works to be implemented in the Lokoho river basin.
NIGERIA
The Mambilla station is part of Nigeria’s National Integrated Power
Plants (NIPP). The Nigerian government has pumped US$2.5 billion
into the NIPP project to strengthen power transmission infrastructure
and the distribution network.
UGANDA
The World Bank has to date invested US$360 million of loans and
guarantees in Uganda’s Bujagali Hydropower Project. The European
Investment Bank (EIB) in London signed the documentation for a
loan of roughly Euros 92 million to be extended to Bujagali Energy
Limited (BEL). BEL is a private company established in Uganda to
build, own and operate a 250 MW hydro-electric project on the upper
Nile at Bujagali.
l Contact: Nicole Smith
Spintelligent
E-mail: nicole.smith@spintelligent.com
Website: www.spintelligent.com

African Utility Week
A
frican Utility Week, from 19 – 23
May 2008, has become the
largest annual forum for African
and international experts to network,
attend workshops and to learn from
others’ experiences on how utilities can
be more efficient and offer cost-effec-
tive services through improved infra-
structure maintenance, load manage-
ment, delivery and revenue manage-
ment choices.
This year African Utility Week has
been streamlined into three distinct
themes:
Towards efficient and sustainable
power generation
Generation Africa will examine the on-
going power crisis in Africa and rea-
sons behind this. Proper planning is
vital and ignorance can be detrimental
to any progress. What plans are being
implemented, how to implement vari-
ous technologies and future challenges
are just some of the vital issues that will
be addressed.
Towards reliable and profitable
energy delivery
Transmission & Distribution Africa will
address cross-border electrification,
energy trade issues, maintenance and
industrial electrification. Case studies
on a BPL project, a Virtual Power Sta-
tion and much more will be showcased.
Towards secure and intelligent
metering
Next generation technologies towards
a smart utility, with the emphasis on
Smart Metering and Smart Grids, will
be highlighted in the Metering,
Billing/CRM Africa theme.
Some of the companies you will
hear from in the program and see on
the exhibition floor include: 4RF Com-
munications; ABSA Corporate Bank;
Actaris Measurement and Systems
South Africa; ADD Group Ltd; Adroit
Technologies; Alectrix; Alstom Protec-
tion & Control; Barlows Power Sys-
tems; Comtest; Conlog Durban; Coop-
er Industries SA; Cullinan Industrial
Energy Management News 5
l Contact: Nicolaas Loretz (General
Porcelain; DST International; Eason
and conference information)
Electronic; El Sewedy Electrometer Spintelligent
Company; Elster Kent Metering; Ener- E-mail:
web; Geopower Africa; GIMS; GMC nicolaas.loretz@spintelligent.com
Powerlines; Goldstone Infratech Ltd.;
Greenbro; Grinpal Energy Manage- Andrew Evans (Exhibition or sponsor-
ment (Pty) Ltd; Hefcom; Hefcom; Hol- ship information)
ley Metering Group Co. Ltd.; INFO- E-mail:
GRATE; Integrity Control Systems; andrew.evans@spintelligent.com
Intelligent Metering Systems (Pty) Ltd;
J & D Electronics Co., Ltd; Jocastro Rue Limekhaya (Registration, travel
Switchboard; Kama Coils and Trans- and accommodation information)
E-mail:
formers; KBK Power Solutions; Kelman
rue.limekhaya@spintelligent.com
Distributors Africa; KG Technologies
Website: www.african-utility-week.com
Inc.; Krishnam Group of Companies;
Landis+Gyr (Pty) Ltd.; Lesira-Teq (Pty)
Ltd; Lucy Switchgear; Magnalec; Meg-
ger Inc.; Metacom (Pty) Ltd; National
Energy Regulator of South Africa –
NERSA; Nexans Pty Ltd; Njabulo Light-
ing; Nu-Lec Africa (Pty) Ltd.; Ore Ener-
gy Product Solutions (Pty) Ltd; Palace
Group; Powertech Technologies Ltd;
Rea Sebetsa; Reinhausen t/a SBR
Engineering; Schweitzer Engineering
Laboratories (Pty) Ltd; Schweitzer
Engineering Labs; SDMO; Seifel;
SERGI France; SIAME; Spintelligent;
Siemens South Africa Ltd; South
African Electrotechnical Export Coun-
cil; Surge Technology; Syntell; Tap
Engineering; Tenesol Manufacturing
(Pty) Ltd; Trans-Africa Projects Ltd;
Trinity Telecomms; Urban and Rural
Engineering Services Limited; VAMP
Solutions; Verotest; and Zest Electric
Motors & Drives.
The multi-track programme enables
delegates to match their information
and learning needs with sessions dedi-
cated to:
• Regulatory issues (Why?)
• Transitory issues (How?)
• Current issues (What’s now?)
• Future issues (What’s next?)
Smart pre-conference workshops in-
clude:
• Smart Metering
• Smart Grids
• Maintenance and refurbishment
• Nuclear generation
6 Energy Management News
E
arthlife Africa, the Congress of
South African Trade Unions,
Sustainable Energy Africa (SEA),
the Southern African Faith Communi-
ties’ Environment Institute (SAFCEI)
and the South African Climate Action
Network (SACAN), have started a cam-
paign to turn the current electricity cri-
sis into an energy opportunity. Although
the deficit of generation capacity has
been billed as a crisis, it can also be
seen as an opportunity to shift to a
more long-term sustainable approach.
Our past reliance on coal and
nuclear and our proposed continued
reliance on fossil and nuclear genera-
tion are in direct contradiction to our
commitment to sustainable develop-
ment. But here is an opportunity to do
things differently.
A focus on energy efficiency in the
short term, with a longer term emphasis
on renewable energy for generation will
take us down the renewable road,
meeting the sustainable development
aims and addressing climate change
along the way.
We have therefore put together a
ten-point plan that we think would put
South Africa on the road to economic
sustainability:
1. Solar Water Heaters mass
mobilisation project (M2SWH) – kick-
start implementation with a communi-
cation campaign to be conducted over
the next 4 months – emphasis on
accredited installers and quality sys-
tems (imported or locally made). Low-
income households are to receive sub-
sidy and to pay off through rates bill,
and high-income households are to use
tax based incentive. Local Government
must ensure mass rollout.
2. National Treasury is to
announce that approved energy effi-
ciency measures implemented by any-
one can be declared tax deductible.
These measures must be implemented
in the next year, and can be written off
over 2 years.
Civil
society
launches
10-point
plan
3. NERSA is to implement the
feed-in tariff (this was planned to be in
2008), and two-way metering. Govern-
ment is to work with renewable energy
experts to determine a reasonable tar-
iff, and funds allocated to subsidise the
grid if necessary.
4. The Department of Labour
and the Department of Education are to
work together to put together a fast
track training programme which will
skill workers for solar water installation,
and manufacture as well as other
renewable energy and energy efficien-
cy related skills which are lacking in the
country at the moment. A budget is to
be allocated from 2008 and use of
SETA funds prioritised.
5. The National Energy Efficien-
cy Agency must employ at least 100
people, and send them out to facilitate
energy efficiency practical implementa-
tion to industry and business. Local and
provincial government must employ
permanent energy efficiency officers,
and develop integrated energy plans.
6. Large energy intensive busi-
ness and industry should enter into
negotiations with renewable energy
power providers to establish stand
alone power stations – solar, thermal,
electric (for 24 hour heavy industry),
ocean and tidal for coastal areas, and
wind (with storage) where appropriate.
7. The Department of Treasury
and the Department of Trade and
Industry must engage with the Renew-
able Energy sector to determine invest-
ment incentives to attract national and
international expertise to build renew-
able energy plants, and other interna-
tional financiers for investment in
renewable energy, particularly solar
thermal electric power plants. Eskom’s
new power plants must prioritise
Renewable Energy with commitment to
binding and significant renewable ener-
gy targets.
8. DEAT must prioritise renew-
able energy and energy efficiency
Strategic Environmental Assessments.
All EIAs for new developments must
demonstrate energy efficiency and
renewable energy measures to be
implemented.
9. Social and environmental jus-
tice must be prioritised to avoid unfair
discrimination against the poor. A
stepped tariff must be prioritised and
there should be a freeze on subsidised
electricity for industry.
10. Government is to establish an
advisory team of energy experts includ-
ing from the NGO sector to provide
guidance to Cabinet over the next 5
years.
This ten point plan is a start and
signifies willingness to engage with all
stakeholders to resolve the “energy cri-
sis” in a way that promotes human well-
being through sustainable develop-
ment. All individuals and organisations
are encouraged to endorse the plan.
l E-mail: liziwe@mweb.co.za
Fax: 086 654 9788.

SANEA awards 2008
T
he South African National Energy
Association (SANEA) has as its
Vision “Energy People Working
Together”. SANEA continues to honour
and celebrate the achievements of
companies, organizations and individu-
als that are making an effort to ensure
and contribute to a sustained and
healthy South African Energy Sector.
The energy industry in South Africa
has changed vastly in the last few
years, and continues to change, devel-
op and mature. Many individuals and
companies have worked together and
have made significant contributions
towards these developments. Some of
these are high profile and have become
household names while many are the
hard working “behind the scenes” types
who quietly get on and deliver. All are
important to the development of South
Africa. These are the individuals,
organisations and companies that
SANEA would like to recognise for their
efforts to promote and provide sustain-
able energy supply and use for the
benefit of all. These are the individuals
and organisations that deserve to have
their role recorded in the history of the
South African Energy Sector. These
are the people and organisations that
merit nomination for one of the SANEA
Awards.
The Awards include the following
categories:
• SANEA Energy Award
• SANEA Energy Project Award
• SANEA Recognition Award
• SANEA Service Award
• SANEA Energy Journalism Award
• SANEA Education Award
It is these people that we would like to
know about. It is these names that we
would like to bring forward to thank. It is
these to whom we wish to pay our
respects.
The finalists and recipients of the
awards will be entertained at a presti-
gious banquet and awards ceremony
hosted by SANEA on the 31st of July
2008. This gala event will reflect the
significance of the both the awards and
the recipients. The awards are
designed to generate public, govern-
ment and business awareness of
Energy Management News 7
achievements in the Energy Sector.
The aim is to inspire innovation and
actions to address future energy
Entrants are welcome to nominate
candidates in more than one category.
Please fill in a separate entry form for
each category.
l Contact: Sarita Cronjé
South African National Energy Associ-
ation
Tel: +27 (0)12 346 6004
Cell: +27 (0)83 325 6716
Fax: 086 611 5942
E-mails: saritac@mweb.co.za and
sanea@vdw.co.za
Website: www.sanea.org.za/awards-
2008/
Eta awards
2007
T
he eta Awards is an annual event, endorsed by the Department of Miner-
al and Energy as well as Eskom, and has been running for the past 17
years. The purpose of the eta Awards is to promote the more efficient use
of energy and to improve business competitiveness. The awards are granted for
exceptional effort in promoting the more efficient use of energy.
WOMEN IN ENERGY INDUSTRY AWARD
Lisa Reynolds, Saint-Gobain General Manager: Technical and Specifications,
won the “Woman in Energy Industry” category of the eta Awards. Lisa won the
award for her contribution to the writing and driving of Energy Efficiency stan-
dards for buildings; and also for her energy awareness raising achievements
within the building and other industries.
COMMERCIAL CATEGORY – ENERGY EFFICIENCY AWARD
Electro Sense won the Commercial Category of the eta Awards. This is the sec-
ond year running that they have won this prestigious award.
The winners of the Awards were announced at a gala dinner function held on
the 10th of December 2007.
l Contact: Nikki Nel
SAEE
E-mail: nikki@saee.org.za
8 Energy Management News
Eskom may delay Alcan smelter
until 2013
A
ccording to an article in Business
Report on 17 January 2008
(‘Shelve new projects, Eskom
warns’), Eskom’s financial director is
asking the Government to stop market-
ing South Africa as a low-cost electrici-
ty investment centre. This would
include delaying, until 2013, the contro-
versial and proposed Alcan aluminium
smelter at Coega. The Alcan was the
subject of intense civil society, local
Port Elizabeth, and international oppo-
sition in 2007.
Eskom’s financial director, Mr. Bon-
gani Nqwababa, is reported to have
said, in regard to the Alcan smelter,
that, ‘Eskom needs to review supply to
Coega’, and that paying penalties for
the delaying the project would be
cheaper than building a new power sta-
tion, which is what the proposed
smelter would require.
Earthlife Africa Johannesburg wel-
comes this reasoned and enlightened
viewpoint and hopes that this is the
beginning of responsible energy supply
planning, especially in the current cli-
mate of load shedding. Responsible
energy planning requires demand man-
agement and industrial energy efficien-
cy.
Earthlife Africa Johannesburg urges
Cabinet to reject the tariff policy (the
Developmental Electricity Pricing Pro-
gramme – DEPP) under which the 25-
year contract with Alcan was signed.
Abandoning the DEPP would help to
ensure security of electricity supply for
South Africa’s ordinary citizens. The
DEPP ensures that contracts between
the State and foreign corporations
remain secret and not for public review.
This is extremely anti-democratic.
The Energy Policy Officer of Earth-
life Africa Johannesburg, Tristen Taylor,
states, ‘The big question that should be
asked when Eskom turns off the lights
is; why, if Eskom can’t supply electricity
to the citizens of this country, is it offer-
ing foreign companies large amounts of
power at reduced tariffs? Must individu-
als and small businesses suffer so that
large industries can be assured profit?
It seems that Mr. Nqwababa under-
stands these questions and has sug-
gested it would be irresponsible to sup-
ply the Canadian multinational corp-
oration Alcan before supplying electric-
ity to the citizens and voters of this
country.’
l Contact: Tristen Taylor
Energy Policy Officer
Earthlife Africa, Johannesburg Branch
Tel: +27 11 339 3662
Fax: +27 11 339 3270
Cell: +27 84 250 2434
E-mail: tristen@earthlife.org.za
Biogas plant
markets boom
worldwide,
studies show
B
iogas plant markets are boom-
ing worldwide in Municipalities,
Industry and Agriculture. The
profit potential is high. The world mar-
ket was about 2 billion Euros in 2006
and is expected to increase to over 25
billion Euros by 2020.
Helmut Kaiser Consultancy re-
leased a new study about the markets
for biogas plants worldwide. The world
markets for Biogas and Biogas Plants
have increased over the years by 20
to 30 percent depending on the coun-
try. Germany, as a technology leader,
reached about 700 million Euros with
400 companies in 2006, and 100 com-
panies offering the whole value chain,
the export is between 10 and 15 per-
cent. Some 900 plants were built and
the objective is about 3 600 plants in
total. It is expected a market size of
7.5 billion Euros by 2020 for plants, 30
percent export and 85 000 jobs in Ger-
many alone.
The competition is growing too,
worldwide. The USA and China show
much greater potential than Germany
and the rest of Europe. Many plants
are low tech and easy to reproduce
and design. The key is the knowledge
in biotechnology, molecular science
and optimization in the future.
The total energy mix of the future
will be more regenerative and sustain-
able. The generation and storage of
renewable energy will be the fastest
growing sector in the energy market
for the next 20 years. The market vol-
ume of renewable energy worldwide
will increase from US$ 95.8 billion in
2007 to US$ 124.4 billion in 2010, and
reach US$ 198.1 billion in 2015.
These figures and developments are
based on the whole value chain.
Biogas power plants are a combi-
nation of anaerobic digestion systems
with associated electricity generators
such as gas turbines or gas engines.
The electricity they produce is classi-
fied as renewable or green energy and
if sold into the national grid attracts
subsidies. In the last 20 years, biogas
utilisation has been successful in
wastewater treatment plants, industri-
al processing applications, landfills
and the agricultural sector.
The future increased use of biogas
is a strong goal in most countries, not
only because is it a renewable energy
source but it will help to reduce green-
house gas emissions, water pollution
and soil degradation and, last but not
least, it will change the agriculture
sectors in many countries worldwide
to produce energy partly.
This study is the first research
worldwide for biogas plants in 50
countries with potential and develop-
ments to 2030, with technologies and
competition worldwide.
l Contact: Hku Tuebingen
E-mails: press2029@yahoo.com and
hkc22@bluewin.ch
Websites:
www.hkc22.com/biogas.html and
www.hkc22.com/renewableenergy.ht
ml
 Energy Management News 9

What
M
onté Jordaan, MD of Multi-Pro- characteristics of a normal market, it is
jects, an investment property just ‘taking a breather’ from a 5-year
marketing company based in growth period. I am sure that it will con-
impact Somerset West, says: ‘We do not know
how great the impact on the economic
tinue its positive run in and from 2009
to 2012/2014. For those who want to

are growth of South Africa is going to be.

Only time will tell on that score. But we
do believe that the energy crisis will
invest in property, now is the right time
to buy – especially in new develop-
ments that will only be completed in
ongoing have an effect on property develop-
ments – and developers who do not
2010 or thereafter.
‘People must not make hasty, irra-
plan for alternative energy sources will tional decisions and sell their properties
blackouts suffer.
‘Developers and developments that
without considering all the options; they
might just find out down the line that

likely incorporate alternative energy sources

to Eskom-produced power will flourish.
Developments with generators and
to have alternative ‘green’ sources of power
(such as solar panels) will be in high
demand. Security that runs off solar
on the
they cannot replace what they had.
Property remains the cornerstone of
wealth creation for the majority of
South Africans, and will continue to be
so for decades to come. I strongly
believe in the South African property

?
panels or stand-by generators will also market and its future. In terms of the
increase in desirability and value, since power shortages, we must just all
property power-cuts increase security risks. The
smarter developers that apply creative
remain calm and find a common solu-
tion – after all, this power shortage is
thinking will survive and prosper. just a symptom of a growing economy!’
market Developers are committed capitalists –
and they will find solutions.
l Contact: Monté Jordaan
Multi-Projects
‘However, as indicated by Eskom, Tel: +27 (0)21 850 9620
all the indications seem to be that Cell: +27(0)82 774 9202
power cuts are likely to accelerate until E-mail: info@multiprojects.com
well into the future – and major power Website: www.multiprojects.com
stations require about 5 years or longer
to construct. This could mean fewer
developments taking place, or lead to
them being postponed for several
years. This in turn will result in less
stock being available, especially resi-
dential units. John Loos of First Nation-
al Bank believes that the demand for
residential property in the affordable
market of up to R800 000 will increase.
This increased demand will lead to
increased prices in this category –
while a shortage will drive the prices up
further. We further believe that land-
owners that want to dispose of their
land for development purposes (espe-
cially unzoned land) will see a dramatic
reduction in their expected values, due
to the economy cooling down, the
increased development cycle, and the
increases in holding costs for develop-
ers. These costs cannot just be passed
on to the consumer; the consumer mar-
ket is currently very price- sensitive.’
Jordaan says he believes that the
interest cycle is very close to its peak,
and that we could see reductions in the
first half of 2009. ‘Taking all of the
above into account, one must always
remember that investing in property is a
long-term journey and not a quick one;
investors must remain calm and focus
on the longer term. The South African
property market is still exhibiting the
10 Energy Management News
Health24
developing
carbon
calculator
H
ealth24 is planning on devel-
oping a simple carbon calcu-
lator. To do this, they will
need a number of ratios for factors
like the amount of carbon released
while driving, amount of carbon
saved by switching to energy-sav-
ing light bulbs, etc.
Heath24 would appreciate
assistance with these kinds of
ratios, and where applicable, ratios
that are specific to South Africa. Any
suggestions surrounding what a
carbon calculator should consist of
would also be welcome.
l Contact: Marcus Low
Health24
E-mail: mlow@health24.co.za
Website: www.health24.com
Dipetane
launch
I
rish R & D fuel technology is the
sole inventor, manufacturer and
distributor of Dipetane, and is
based in Kilcoole, 20 miles south of
Dublin, Ireland.
Dipetane is a single product for
all fuels and has one mix rate of
1:200. So, 6 litres will treat 1 200
litres of diesel or petrol, or heating
and industry fuels.
Dipetane works as a pre com-
bustion technology to enable the
oxygen to access the carbon much
more completely, leading to the
benefits. It is a pure 100% hydro-
carbon, and contains no additives
of any description.
Dipetane has been used in
many older motor vehicles with
excellent results. It may also have
use for other applications such as in
generators.
l Contact: Drew – Dipetane
E-mail: info@dipetane.ie
Marketers called to unite against
power crisis
C
itizens and businesses joined
forces in mid-February to launch
The Power of One, a national
call to action for the people, by the peo-
ple to rally together to use less power
and save South Africa from pending
disaster.
The Power of One has attracted a
wealth of collaborators – from the man-
in-the-street, famous individuals, small
enterprises to large and powerful cor-
porates who have rallied together to
pool their resources to take The Power
of One campaign to the nation. These
include Helen Zille, Pam Golding, Biz-
community.com, Nashua Mobile, Me-
dia24, Massmart, Ireland/Davenport,
TBM Communications, amongst oth-
ers.
The Power of One is a totally inde-
pendent, non-profit, apolitical, all-inclu-
sive and positive endeavour to help
alleviate the power crisis in South
Africa. The campaign provides a vehi-
cle for national collaboration allowing
every individual, business and govern-
ment department to unite under one
umbrella.
The primary objective is to reduce
electricity consumption in South Africa
by inspiring every individual – including
children, teenagers and adults – to
practice power saving methods through
mass media messaging.
Max Pichulik, Power of One project
manager says, ‘The campaign is three-
fold: it’s about uniting South Africans to
‘plug into’ the campaign, encourage
people to actively follow the messages
and then influence friends, family and
colleagues to do the same.’
The first message is a call to action
for every person to ‘switch off’. The
message is loud and clear and is a call
to action to start cutting back on per-
sonal electricity consumption.
‘It’s time that we, as the man in the
street, take the bull by the horns,’ adds
Pichulik, ‘and become part of the solu-
tion rather than the problem. If there’s
to be a future in this country, we need
to create it! The Power of One is about
the power of a nation to overcome a cri-
sis in a positive and proactive manner.
‘One power saving method at a
time will be broadcast for four to six
weeks, before we include the next key
message. Our communications will
include feedback on participation, as
well as figures on the reduction of
power consumption where possible.’
Besides individuals, companies are
participating by spreading the messag-
ing in a free viral campaign to all their
stakeholders, from staff, suppliers to
customers.
Sue Ferguson, MD of Ireland/Dav-
enport, the advertising agency collabo-
rating on the Power of One says, ‘A
range of media advertising and spon-
sorship opportunities are available for
companies to help spread the message
to every corner of our country.
‘We invite all our fellow colleagues
in the advertising, media, PR and relat-
ed marketing industries to join forces
and use this channel. For example,
media groups – large and small – are
donating air time, electronic or print
space to carry the messages. Mass-
mart’s marketing team are carrying the
messages in their flyers, online, in-
store and other campaigns. Advertising
agencies are asking clients to include
the messaging as a strap-line in their
adverts. All the finished art work is
available for inclusion.
‘We are commoditising certain mar-
keting items,’ adds Ferguson. ‘These
include posters, stickers, glow-in-the-
dark bangles, and Street Pole Adverts,
where companies can include their
logos and distribute through their sup-
ply chain.’
There are a range of free down-
loads on the Power of One website
available for inclusion and distribution
on emails, websites, voicemail mes-
saging, on buildings and cars, in
adverts, to name a few.
l Contact: Max Pichulik
Power of One
Tel: 021 442 9600
E-mail: info@powerofone.org.za
Website: www.powerofone.org.za

L
eading by example, one of South
Africa’s biggest food retailers,
Pick n Pay, has decided to cut its
power consumption by 20%. Not only
that, it is selling energy-efficient light
bulbs at cost to consumers.
Pick n Pay is well equipped to deal
with the effects of load shedding, with
most major stores having their own
generators to protect the cold chain
and run tills, lights and security. How-
ever, the company believes that what is
more important is the national role it
has to play by significantly cutting back
on its own electricity usage.
‘Using generators to keep our
stores open during blackouts address-
es the symptom, not the cause of load-
shedding: that there is not enough elec-
tricity to go around. The reality is that
we are all at the mercy of our circum-
stances, and we can continue to point
the finger of blame or we can do some-
thing about it. The time has come for
everyone to act in the national interest
by conserving electricity, and we will
aim to lead by example by cutting our
own power consumption by at least
20%,’ says Pick n Pay CEO Nick Bad-
minton.
BULBS SOLD AT COST
‘But we also want to help our cus-
tomers do their bit, too. This is why we
have decided to sell energy-saving light
bulbs at cost. Although they are cost-
effective in the longer term – because
they last much longer and use much
less power than conventional light
bulbs – their unit cost is comparatively
much higher, which makes them less
affordable to a great many South
Africans. We want to change that by
making them more accessible to more
people, and in so doing also have an
indirect beneficial impact on our coun-
try’s power situation.’
According to the group’s general
manager for sustainable development,
Lights
to go
out at
Pick n
Pay
Tessa Chamberlain, the company has
long since identified more efficient
power usage as a key objective for
reducing its carbon footprint, an indica-
tor of how much energy it consumes,
and this constitutes a major part of its
sustainability strategy.
‘We were South Africa’s first major
retailer to participate in the Carbon Dis-
closure Project, an international initia-
tive to promote more efficient use of our
planet’s precious resources, and we
have been working hard for several
years already to reduce the amount of
power we consume.
‘For example, we have been using
upright merchandise freezers with
glass doors in new and refurbished
stores since 1998, as they use 60%
less electricity than open horizontal
refrigeration cabinets. We also com-
menced with the fitting of fluorescent
lighting with electronic ballasts in our
stores, which are 22% more efficient
than conventional lighting, in all new
stores from 2001. In the past year, we
began converting the balance of our
stores to the new lighting. We have
also since 2001 been using heat
reclaim systems, which harness heat
dispelled from our refrigeration sys-
tems, to provide hot water. All our larg-
er stores have also been using the
same heat reclaim systems for comfort
heating through the air-conditioning
system, further cutting back on con-
Energy Management News 11
sumption,’ says Chamberlain.
‘Nevertheless, we have identified
several more ways in which we intend
to aggressively cut back further on our
electricity usage and meet our target of
a 20% reduction. Many are simple,
commonsense measures that we will
implement immediately, and many are
longer-term interventions that will fun-
damentally change the way we use
power and do business.’
SIMPLE STEPS TO USE LESS
ENERGY
Badminton confirmed the immediate
actions to conserve power in both the
group’s stores and corporate offices,
which include the following:
• Educating staff about how to con-
serve power and why they should
do so, and encouraging them to be
vigilant
• Switching off lights in areas that
have sufficient natural lighting
• Isolating lighting to necessary
spots, such as above desks
• Installing geyser blankets, turning
down the settings of geysers, and
switching off geysers for activities
such as hand-washing
• Running air-conditioners only when
necessary
• Using equipment more efficiently
• Evaluating equipment such as that
used in kitchens and canteens, with
a view to better efficiencies
• Unplugging equipment such as cell-
phone chargers when they are not
being used
• Switching off lights and unneces-
sary equipment at night, and using
only security lighting
• Keeping cold room doors closed
when not in use, installing alarms
that will sound if cold room doors
are left open too long, and ensuring
that cold room flaps are kept in top
condition
• Installing fridge covers for open-top
12 Energy Management News
•
refrigerators, to be used at night
Switching off or turning down ovens
when they are not in use
• Fitting some equipment with timers,
so they switch off at non-essential
times
• Engaging with centre manage-
ments regarding signage lighting at
night
Longer-term actions include chal-
lenging the group’s equipment suppli-
ers to present innovative solutions in
terms of low-energy equipment, building
stores that are more energy-efficient,
making air-conditioning more efficient,
implementing better store maintenance
practices, making better use of heat
reclaim systems, reviewing opportuni-
ties to make business activities more
energy-efficient, and looking to interna-
tional retailers to identify further power-
saving innovations. In addition, Pick n
Pay will be investigating the feasibility
of using decentralised renewable ener-
gy sources.
‘It is common cause that load-shed-
ding is far more than just an inconven-
ience; it is a national crisis. It is costing
our economy millions of rands every
day in lost productivity, and it is threat-
ening jobs and inhibiting economic
growth. However, all this can be min-
imised if we all pitch in – in both big and
small ways. Every little bit makes a dif-
ference.
‘We all need to take simple, imme-
diate steps to cut back on our electrici-
ty consumption, at home and at work.
But more importantly, we all need to
change our mindset by accepting that
electricity is a scarce commodity that
should be used sparingly and judicious-
ly. Only by doing that together can we
steer our country away from economic
loss. It’s the responsible thing to do,’
says Badminton.
With acknowledgement to Bizcommuni-
ty.com
l Contact: Bizcommunity.com
Website: www.bizcommunity.com
Illuminating intersection to get to our offices. By
ensuring that the robots stay functional,
we can make certain that our company
sponsorship continues to provide the excellent serv-
ice for which we are known.’
alleviates
Solar-powered traffic light systems
have been successfully operational in
Europe for many years and more
traffic chaos recently, have been manufactured in
Japan.
‘We have a power crisis, so let’s
L
eading aerial laser surveying firm, accept it and fix it. Let’s all help Eskom
Southern Mapping Company to help South Africa, and it can be done
(SMC), is taking the lead in allevi- if we all work together for our country
ating some of the power problems, by and not just our pockets. We challenge
sponsoring one of the first solar pow- other business owners to step up to the
ered traffic lights in Gauteng. plate to help alleviate this crisis and to
SMC recently signed an agreement convert as many robots as possible to
with the National Energy Efficiency solar power before the end of the year,’
Agency (NEEA) to sponsor the traffic Moir concludes.
lights at one of the busiest intersections
in Johannesburg, on the corner of With acknowledgements to Bizcommu-
Cedar and Witkoppen Roads in Four- nity.com
ways, to ensure that motorists will have
the pleasure of fully functional robots at
that point very soon – even during
Eskom’s power cuts.
‘Commuters are at breaking point,
and someone has to do something
about it urgently. This is exactly why
we’ve decided to come on board with
the NEEA by sponsoring the traffic
lights at this extremely busy intersec-
tion,’ says Peter Moir, Southern Map-
ping Company MD.
‘Retrofitting robots to run on solar
The photograph shows a similar
power is probably the best solution we
installation at an intersection in
have for the current traffic crisis,’
Cape Town
affirms NEEA Acting General Opera-
tions Manager, Barry Bredenkamp.
l Contact: Peter Moir
COVERING COSTS Southern Mapping Company
Tel: 011 467 2609
Although solar powered traffic lights
Fax: 011 467 3443
are more expensive to install than con-
E-mail: info@southernmapping.com
ventional robots, the efficiency of the Website: www.southernmapping.com
solar traffic light will allow for costs to
be recovered within the first year of Barry Bredenkamp
operation, in terms of power saved. E-mail: BarryB@cef.org.za
The traffic lights at the corner of
Cedar and Wikoppen Roads will be fit-
ted with a 4m² solar panel and battery
packs to capture energy from the sun.
Solar panels at the top of the light pole
are used to power the lights, and sur-
plus power is stored in battery packs,
allowing the system to work throughout
the night, and for up to three days in
cloudy weather, if need be.
Moir adds, ‘Southern Mapping Co-
mpany decided to sponsor this inter-
section at Cedar and Witkoppen Roads
in particular, as it plays an integral role
in our business, because many of our
employees and customers use the
 Energy Management News 13

Wind turbines generate more

than 1% of global electricity
19.7 GW added in 2007

I
n 2007, 19.696 MW of new wind
energy capacity was added sum-
ming up to a global installed capaci-
ty of 93.849 MW by the end of Decem-
ber. The added capacity equals a
growth rate of 26.6 %, after 25.6 % in
2006. The currently installed wind
power capacity generates 200 TWh per
year, equalling 1.3% of the global elec-
tricity consumption. In some countries
and regions, wind energy already con-
tributes to 40% and more. The wind
industry employs 350 000 people
worldwide, an increase of 50 000 peo- Figure 1: Total installed capacity (MW) 1997-2007)
ple on the previous year.
Based on the accelerated develop-
ment, the WWEA has increased its pre-
diction for 2010 and expects
170.000 MW to be installed by the end
of that year. However, in the majority of
the top 40 wind markets, the increase
in the deployment of wind energy
slowed down in 2007.
Dr Anil Kane, President of the World
Wind Energy Association: ‘The year
2007, all in all, was a very successful
year for the wind industry worldwide.
However, there are several develop-
ments that make us feel concerned: 20
out of the top 40 markets have
decreased the volume of additional
capacity and only 18 countries have Figure 2: Capacity installed 2007
been able to increase their size. Anoth-
er concern is that most of the develop-
ing countries are far behind the devel-
opment of the leading wind energy
countries. Today the emerging coun-
tries India and China are amongst the
top five wind markets, and there should
be sufficient motivation for the govern-
ments as well as for international donor
organisations to launch effective and
substantial international deployment
programmes. We need a stronger sup-
port for investment in renewable ener-
gies like wind especially in the develop-
ing countries in order to ensure a truly
sustainable development.’
In comparison with 2006, when
15.120 MW were added, 2007 brought Figure 3: Additional wind power capacity worldwide 1998-2007 (MW)
14 Energy Management News

another new record in new installa-

tions. Mainly the booming wind markets
in the USA (5.216 MW of new capaci-
ty), Spain (3.515 MW) and China
(3.313 MW) contributed to this record.
China with a growth rate of 127.5 %
showed the greatest performance of
the top five wind countries. Germany
defended clearly its position as number
one country in terms of overall capacity
with 22.274 MW installed. With addi-
tional capacity of 1.625 MW, Germany
as well as India (1.580 MW added) kept
their positions as leading markets,
however, both countries clearly de-
creased in new installations. Only two
countries (after five in 2006) added
between 500 MW and 1.000 MW and
showed strong growth rates: France Figure 4: Total installed capacity and prediction 1997-2010 (MW)
(888 MW, 56.7% growth) and Italy
(603 MW, 28.4%). The most dynamic
market in 2007 was Turkey adding
142 MW up to a total of 207 MW, which
equals a growth rate of more than
200%.
The market for new wind turbines
reached an overall size of 19.696 MW,
after 15.120 MW in 2006 (30%
increase). In the last ten years,
between 1998 and 2007, even an
almost tenfold increase can be seen.
Based on this very dynamic devel- Figure 5: Wind energy capacity added in 2007 by continent (total: 19.883MW)
opment of the past years, the WWEA
has again lifted its prediction for 2010
from 160.000 MW up to 170.000 MW.
In terms of continental distribution,
Europe decreased its share in installed
capacity from 65.5% in 2006 to 61% in
2007. However, Europe is still the
strongest continent whilst North Ameri-
ca and Asia are increasing rapidly their
shares. In terms of new additional
capacity, Europe for the first time
installed less than half of the new glob-
al capacity and counted for 43.6%, fol- Figure 6: Total installed wind energy capacity by continent (total 93,9GW)
lowed by North America (28.5%) and
Asia (26.6%).
The developing countries in Latin
America and Africa counted for only
0.4% and 0.6% respectively of the total
capacity, and Latin America fell back in
terms of new installations down to only
0.2% of the additional capacity installed
worldwide in 2007.
An important indicator for the vitali-
ty of the wind markets is the growth
rates in relation to the installed capaci-
ty of the previous year. After a decrease
in the average worldwide growth rates
between 1999 and 2004, the growth
rate went up steadily since 2004,
reaching 26.6% in 2007, after 25.6% in
2006 and 23.8% in 2005. However, this
increase in the average growth rate is Figure 7: Wind energy worldwide annual growth rates (%)
 Energy Management News 15

only due to the fact that the biggest

markets – USA, Spain and China
showed growth rates above the aver-
age. Also France showed a very strong
performance with 888 MW added,
equalling a growth rate of 57% in com-
parison to the previous year.
l Contact: Stefan Gsänger
Secretary General – World Wind
Energy Association
Tel. +49 228 369 4080
E-mail: secretariat@wwindea.org
Website: www.wwindea.org

Figure 8: Rates of growth 2007 (%) Top 20 markets (>100MW)

Rank Country/ Total capacity Additional capacity Rate of Ranking Total capacity Total capacity
total region installed 2007 (Difference Growth total 2006 installed installed
2007 end 2007 2007-2006) 2007 end 2006 end 2005
(MW) (MW) (%) (MW) (MW)
1 Germany 22.247,4 1.625,4 7,9 1 20.622,0 18.427,5
2 USA 16.818,8 5.215,8 45,0 3 11.603,0 9.149,0
3 Spain 15.145,1 3.515,1 30,2 2 11.630,0 10.027,9
4 India 7.850,0 1.580,0 25,2 4 6.270,0 4.430,0
5 China 5.912,0 3.313,0 127,5 6 2.599,0 1.266,0
6 Denmark 3.125,0 -11,0 -0,4 5 3.136,0 3.128,0
7 Italy 2.726,1 602,7 28,4 7 2.123,4 1.718,3
8 France 2.455,0 888,0 56,7 10 1.567,0 757,2
9 United Kingdom 2.389,0 426,2 21,7 8 1.962,9 1.353,0
10 Portugal 2.130,0 414,0 24,1 9 1.716,0 1.022,0
11 Canada 1.846,0 386,0 26,4 12 1.460,0 683,0
12 The Netherlands 1.747,0 188,0 12,1 11 1.559,0 1.224,0
13 Japan 1.538,0 229,0 17,5 13 1.309,0 1.040,0
14 Austria 981,5 17,0 1,8 14 964,5 819,0
15 Greece 873,3 115,7 15,3 16 757,6 573,3
16 Australia 817,3 0,0 0,0 15 817,3 579,0
17 Ireland 805,0 59,0 7,9 17 746,0 495,2
18 Sweden 788,7 217,5 38,1 18 571,2 518,0
19 Norway 333,0 7,9 2,4 19 325,0 268,0
20 New Zealand 322,0 151,0 88,3 25 171,0 168,2
21 Egypt 310,0 80,0 34,8 21 230,0 145,0
22 Belgium 286,9 92,6 47,7 22 194,3 167,4
23 Taiwan (China) 280,0 92,3 49,2 23 187,7 103,7
24 Poland 276,0 123,0 80,4 26 153,0 73,0
25 Brazil 247,1 10,2 4,3 20 236,9 28,6
26 Turkey 206,8 142,2 220,0 31 64,6 20,1
27 Korea (South) 191,3 15,0 8,5 24 176,3 119,1
28 Czech Republic 116,0 59,5 105,3 34 56,5 29,5
29 Finland 110,0 24,0 27,9 28 86,0 82,0
30 Ukraine 89,0 3,4 4,0 29 85,6 77,3
31 Mexico 86,5 0,0 0,0 27 86,5 2,2
32 Costa Rica 74,0 0,0 0,0 30 74,0 71,0
33 Bulgaria 70,0 34,0 94,4 37 36,0 14,0
34 Iran 66,5 19,1 40,4 36 47,4 31,6
35 Hungary 65,0 4,1 6,8 33 60,9 17,5
36 Morocco 64,0 0,0 0,0 32 64,0 64,0
37 Estonia 58,1 25,1 76,1 39 33,0 33,0
38 Lithuania 52,3 -2,7 -4,8 35 55,0 7,0
16 Energy Management News

Rank Country/ Total capacity Additional capacity Rate of Ranking Total capacity Total capacity
total region installed 2007 (Difference Growth total 2006 installed installed
2007 end 2007 2007-2006) 2007 end 2006 end 2005
(MW) (MW) (%) (MW) (MW)
39 Luxembourg 35,3 0,0 0,0 38 35,3 35,3
40 Argentina 29,8 2,0 7,2 40 27,8 26,8
41 Latvia 27,4 0,0 0,0 41 27,4 27,4
42 Philippines 25,2 0,0 0,0 42 25,2 25,2
43 Jamaica 20,7 0,0 0,0 43 20,7 20,7
44 Guadeloupe 20,5 0,0 0,0 44 20,5 20,5
45 Tunisia 20,0 0,0 0,0 45 20,0 20,0
46 Chile 20,0 18,0 900,0 59 2,0 2,0
47 Colombia 19,5 0,0 0,0 46 19,5 19,5
48 Croatia 17,8 0,6 3,5 47 17,2 6,0
49 South Africa 16,6 0,0 0,0 48 16,6 16,6
50 Russia 16,5 1,0 6,5 49 15,5 14,0
51 Guyana 13,5 0,0 0,0 50 13,5 13,5
52 Curaçao 12,0 0,0 0,0 51 12,0 12,0
53 Switzerland 11,6 0,0 0,0 52 11,6 11,6
54 Romania 9,0 6,2 226,1 57 2,8 0,9
55 Israel 7,0 0,0 0,0 53 7,0 7,0
56 Slovakia 5,0 0,0 0,0 54 5,0 5,0
57 Faroe Islands 4,1 0,0 0,0 55 4,1 4,1
58 Ecuador 3,1 3,1 73 0,0 0,0
59 Cape Verde 2,8 0,0 0,0 56 2,8 2,8
60 Nigeria 2,2 0,0 0,0 58 2,2 2,2
61 Cuba 2,1 1,7 366,7 67 0,5 0,5
62 Jordan 1,5 0,0 0,0 60 1,5 1,5
63 Martinique 1,1 0,0 0,0 61 1,1 1,1
64 Belarus 1,1 0,0 0,0 62 1,1 1,1
65 Indonesia 1,0 0,2 25,0 63 0,8 0,8
66 Eritrea 0,75 0,00 0,0 64 0,75 0,75
67 Peru 0,70 0,00 0,0 65 0,70 0,70
68 Uruguay 0,60 0,45 300,0 70 0,15 0,15
69 Kazakhstan 0,50 0,00 0,0 66 0,50 0,50
70 Namibia 0,47 0,22 88,0 69 0,25 0,25
71 Netherl. Antilles 0,33 0,33 74 0,00 0,00
72 Syria 0,30 0,00 0,0 68 0,30 0,30
73 North Korea 0,01 0,00 0,0 71 0,01 0,01
74 Bolivia 0,01 0,00 0,0 72 0,01 0,00
Total 93.849,1 19.695,8 26,6 74.153,3 59.033,0

Assessment and alternatives for Northern
Free State coal-fired power station
BACKGROUND
S
ite work is already advancing for
the Medupi coal-fired power
plant in Lephalala in Limpopo,
and tenders have been awarded for
supplying the main components of the
plant. While full information on the
costs of the plant are not available to
Eskom’s shareholders, the public at
large, nor even relevant parliamentary
committees, cost estimates per unit of
plant have apparently doubled since
the initial investment decision was
made. Recently reported estimates are
R80 billion and rising and this is quite
separate from the escalation of opera-
tional costs, inter alia due to compli-
ance with air quality standards sched-
uled to come into force ahead of plant
commissioning, which Eskom has
explicitly stated is not factored into cur-
rent plans, as well as rising coal prices.
A positive Record of Decision (RoD)
against the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) has also been
issued for another enormous coal-fired
plant (set to be the world’s largest) in
the Witbank area. The terms of the
RoD are largely a replication of the
decision on Medupi: while the project
proponents have not yet identified the
extent or efficiency of pollution abate-
ment equipment to be fitted at these
plants the RoD requires, operation of
the plant will be conditional to compli-
ance with all legislation, including air
quality standards that are promulgated
after the issuance of the RoD. At this
point the impacts of these plants can-
not be fully assessed, as decisions
have not been made regarding the
trade-offs between local and global pol-
lution, as well as different forms of
local/regional impacts: for example,
both dry cooling to avoid unsustainable
water consumption and exhaust gas
cleaning to reduce local health impacts
and degradation of land and water at a
regional scale, resulting in higher rates
of atmospheric pollution and thus cli-
mate change. The later point is a cost
as well as a corporate social responsi-
bility issue, giving strong signals that
government intends to introduce a car-
bon tax.
With the process currently under-
way, the following questions should be
answered in the public domain:
• Will South Africa need another 5
400 MW of coal-fired electricity gen-
eration capacity in the next decade
and following construction of about
10 000 MW additional capacity
already on the cards?
• If government finally implements
policy commitments (see White
Paper on Energy Policy 1998) to
integrate externalised costs in ener-
gy planning and pricing, would a
coal-fire plant, particularly one not
utilising best available technology,
be the ‘cheaper’ generation option
by the time it is fully commissioned?
• Given both the improving economic
case for, and policy commitments
to, energy efficiency and conserva-
tion, is Eskom heading for a repeat
of its over-investment in generation
capacity in the 1980s, which is the
foundation of current electricity sup-
ply shortfalls?
• Is Eskom still avoiding even study-
ing the possibility of large-scale
renewable energy utilisation?
As our public utility would be invest-
ing well over R100 billion to develop
the proposed coal-fired plant and
intends to operate it for upwards of 50
years, there seems to be a fairly obvi-
ous case for looking into available
options.
Earthlife Africa is not convinced that
the Witbank coal-fired plant (in addition
to the Medupi pant in Limpopo) is a
socially or environmentally defensible
or a sound public investment decision,
but those decisions have largely been
made and will need to be addressed
via avenues such as the Energy Policy
Review process that Minister Sonjica
has promised for 2008. In the case of
the Free State Plant, as the Scoping
Report and Plan of Study have not yet
been completed, there is the opportuni-
ty for the EIA process to truly serve the
purpose for which it is designed. Prop-
er assessment is required not only to
Energy Management News 17
avoid unacceptable and/or avoidable
impacts on ecosystems, including com-
munities that are part of the receiving
environment, but also to avoid stupid
decisions, such as public investment in
infrastructure that is at high risk of
becoming a stranded asset early in its
anticipated lifespan.
Richard Worthington, Coordinator
of Earthlife Africa’s Sustainable Energy
and Climate Change Project, thinks
there can be no more easy or obvious
opportunity for individuals to support
responsible public decision-making:
‘Anybody who is wondering whether
there is anything they can do about cli-
mate change, or what kind of a society
their children will live in, or whether
coal really is cheap, or just dirty and
profitable, should not hesitate to sup-
port the assessment of alternatives.
However, even if you are in denial
about the human contribution to global
warming, don’t care about the public
health care costs of inefficient coal
burning and think that windmills are a
greater environmental blight than
smokestacks, you may still be curious
as to whether we could save a hundred
billion through more intelligent use of
energy and thus keep electricity more
affordable.’
While a populist view sees EIAs as
a barrier to development, anybody that
can see beyond an exclusive preoccu-
pation with economic growth or the
most immediate short-term results,
should realise that an EIA is a valuable
tool to address the quality of develop-
ment, not only as a public responsibili-
ty but also to improve the prospects for
better returns over time. Such returns
may be simple profits, or may be in the
quality of life of beneficiaries of housing
projects, durability of a road or bridge
under changing climate conditions, or
the viability of a commercial activity
under constraints resulting from
humanity continuously diminishing the
carrying capacity of our ecosystem,
even as over-consumption increases.
February 14 was the deadline for
comments on the Draft Addendum
Scoping Report of the Environmental
18 Energy Management News
Impact Assessment: Proposed new
coal-fired power station and associated
infrastructure in the Northern Free
State. The project proposal also as-
sumes extensive new coal mining in
the vicinity of Sasolburg, although this
is outside the scope of the current
process (despite local community
requests that the two activities be
assessed together).
ALTERNATIVES
For too long the implementation of EIA
regulations that require consideration
of alternatives to proposed activities
has been restricted to consideration of
more than one site. Occasionally some
very general statements have been
made about higher costs of alternative
technologies, but such assertions have
not been subject to any investigation.
Recent developments make this
approach not just short-sighted, but
now financially irresponsible, contrary
to national policy and international
commitments and morally indefensible.
The EIA process should investigate
alternatives to additional coal-fired
electricity generation capacity, as well
as alternatives to the specific coal-
based technology proposed. Alterna-
tives that may be feasible within the
revised / extended timeline of the proj-
ect and should be studied in detail
include:
• Electricity conservation – meeting
existing and growing electricity
demand growth through energy effi-
ciency measures and alternatives
to electricity use, notably solar
water heating (including in residen-
tial, commercial, government build-
ing and industrial sectors);
• Renewable energy electricity gen-
eration (including accelerated roll-
out of wind, solar thermal and/or
solar photovoltaic generation);
• Best available or cleaner and more
efficient coal-based technologies
such as Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle (IGCC) technolo-
gy, including a comparison of the
risks of selection of a less mature
technology with the risks of a less
efficient and/or more resource/int-
ensive process.
The social impact assessment
should consider in some detail the
employment effects of all technology
choices, including the potential impact
of implementing alternatives to the pro-
posed project activity, including renew-
able energy and conservation. This
should include assessing the job cre-
ation potential of renewable energy
options, particularly rapidly accelerated
roll-out of solar water heating, to avoid
some or all of the electricity demand
growth that is assumed as the principle
driver of this project activity.
Failure of the EIA to assess activity
alternatives beyond the fairly insignifi-
cant variables considered to date
would not only prevent the possibility of
an informed decision, but also make a
nonsense of the most recent statement
of the ruling party, of January 8, which
asserts: ‘We must therefore proceed
without delay to implement our resolu-
tions on climate change, particularly
with respect to the reduction of green-
house gas emissions and the promo-
tion of renewable energy sources.’
l Contact: Karen Shippey or Lindiwe
Gaika
Ninham Shand
Tel: 021 481 2400
Fax: 021 424 5588
E-mails:
karen.shippey@shands.co.za and
lindiwe.gaika@shands.co.za
Website: www.nihamshand.co.za
Richard Worthington
Earthlife Africa – Johannesburg
E-mail: richardw@earthlife.org.za
Portable
gensets,
ups and
battery
standby
systems for
home and
office use
T
here has been a dramatic
upsurge of interest in and
application of generator sets,
UPS and battery standby systems
within home and office environments.
There is undoubtedly a need for
substantive yet easy-to-understand
information to address the applica-
tion issues, as well as the serious
potential health and safety hazards
that may arise.
The South Africa Network of the
Institution of Engineering and Tech-
nology (IET SA Network) had an
evening of presentations on 5 March,
on the practical and safe application
of portable gensets, ups and battery
standby systems for home and office
use
The two speakers, Gerrit Teunis-
sen and Graham Beyleveld, gave
non-commercial presentations aimed
at the general, non-technical, home
and/or business owner/user. The pre-
sentations focused on providing
practical, down-to-earth and useful
information, and in particular, cov-
ered the various technology, selec-
tion, rating, application, maintenance
and safety related issues.
SYNOPSIS
The application of generator sets
for home and office use
The first presentation was given by
Gerrit Teunissen of City Power
Johannesburg, who discussed the
application of generator sets in the
home and office environment, and

the associated safety requirements.
Since early 2007, Gerrit has headed
an 8-man working group of the Asso-
ciation of Municipal Electricity Under-
takings of Southern Africa (AMEU).
The working group comprises repre-
sentatives from municipal electricity
distributors and Eskom, and was
tasked to produce a document that
could be circulated widely in South
Africa, titled Guidelines for the safe
use of portable generators on utilities’
networks. The presentation add-
ressed many of the issues covered in
the latest Revision 9 of this docu-
ment, and this edition, published by
EE Publishers, was made available
and handed out to all delegates
attending the presentation.
The application of UPS and
battery standby systems for home
and office use
The second presentation was given
by Graham Beyleveld of Meissner
Uninterruptible Power, and covered
the application of UPS and battery
standby systems for home and office
use, including technology options
such as in-line, line-interactive and
switched power supplies, with square
wave, quasi-square wave or sine
wave output. While UPS equipment
is primarily used for safe shutdown
and/or the provision of relatively short
term back-up power to PCs and
peripherals, the presentation also
covered the application of batteries,
battery chargers and inverters to pro-
vide standby power for more extend-
ed periods to other domestic and
office appliances, lighting equipment,
etc. The application and coordination
of standby generator sets with UPS
equipment, as well as issues of safe-
ty, battery maintenance, replacement
and disposal, were also discussed.
l Contact: Marlindi Bosch
IET SA Network Secretariat
VDW - PO Box 868, Ferndale, 2160
South Africa
Tel: 011 789 1384
Fax: 011 789 1385
E-mails: marlindi@vdw.co.za and
iet@vdw.co.za
Websites: www.iet.org.za and
www.vdw.co.za
Energy Management News 19
Mining towns in South
Africa Conference
18 JUNE 2008 – NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY,
POTCHEFSTROOM CAMPUS
BACKGROUND AND SCOPE
T
he Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management of the
North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, in collaboration with
the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of the
Free State, aim to bring together researchers from academia and industry to
present leading edge research findings, exchanging ideas, stimulate new
research focuses relating to mining towns, and the spatial impact and devel-
opment thereof.
The primary objective of the Conference is to present and discuss the
problems of mining towns, to transfer scientific and technological knowledge
to a wide range of stakeholders and to open debate amongst scientists,
practitioners, mining companies, engineers, stakeholders and government.
CONFERENCE TOPICS
The topics include the following:
• The process of functional change in mining towns and regions.
• Corporate social responsibility and development of mining towns.
• NSDP and IDP and mining towns.
• Economic development of mining towns.
• Role of small mines to meaningful contribute to the development of min-
ing towns on a very limited budget.
• Housing development in mining towns.
• Policy and legislation related to mining towns.
• Environmental rehabilitation and mining towns.
• Environmental management and planning of mining towns.
• Geo-environmental assessment of mining related urban development.
l Contact: Melanie Nell
Tel: +27 (0) 18 299 2486
E-mail: melanie.nell@nwu.ac.za
Prof. Leon van Rensburg (Sponsorship opportunities)
Tel: +27 (0) 18 299 1543
E-mail: leon.vanrensbrug@nwu.ac.za
20 Energy Management News
What is ProBEC?
T
he Programme for Basic Energy
and Conservation (ProBEC) is a
regional programme implement-
ed by the German Agency for Technical
Co-operation (GTZ) in the SADC
region. ProBEC is funded by the Ger-
man and Dutch governments.
ProBEC is a programme that man-
ages and stimulates the establishment
of various projects based on basic
energy conservation in 10 member
states in SADC. Currently ProBEC is
actively involved in Malawi, Lesotho,
Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and
Zimbabwe. ProBEC is in negotiations
regarding future activities in Botswana,
Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.
After May 2008, ProBEC will
expand its scope of work, not only in
terms of its focus but also in terms of
the countries where it is operating.
ProBEC has offices at regional and
at the national level. National offices
implement projects at the country level;
the regional office, located in Johan-
nesburg, assists the national offices in
project implementation and has addi-
tional actions on policy development.
ProBEC has three core components
and is focused on improving the access
of low-income households to sustain-
able energy. ProBEC’s first component
consists of the promotion of the effi-
cient use of energy devices primarily
associated with cooking such as ener-
gy efficient wood-fired and charcoal
stoves, solar cookers and heat reten-
tion devices.
In order to do this, ProBEC follows
two approaches. Firstly, it adopts a
commercial approach towards market
development for energy efficient
devices. In order to develop a market,
ProBEC builds capacity by training
commercial producers to manufacture
energy saving cooking devices and, in
parallel, it stimulates the demand for
these devices through raising aware-
ness of potential users. The second
approach utilises training of artisanal
producers or producer groups through
extension workers to supply target
groups with efficient energy devices,
Lastly, ProBEC also trains users to
adopt efficient kitchen management
techniques and efficient cooking habits
in order to maximise the benefits of
energy efficient devices.
ProBEC offers a stove testing and
research service to identify the most
energy-efficient devices and to min-
imise indoor air pollution. It also teach-
es kitchen management techniques to
assist beneficiaries with conserving
energy.
ProBEC’s second component fo-
cuses on policy advice. It plays a facili-
tating role in order to make the impor-
tance of biomass and biofuels a
recognized issue at the regional and
national level; supports the formulation
and enforcement of a regulatory frame-
work; supports the development of
basic energy strategies and operational
plans with a pro-poor focus; and
improves coordination amongst key
stakeholders. An instrument for doing
this is the establishment of a National
Advisory Group in each country in
which ProBEC operates, consisting of
government, NGOs, private and other
stakeholders in the energy field.
ProBEC is also exploring sustain-
able biofuels and provides the SADC
Secretariat with knowledge and infor-
mation based on best practices to
implement a sustainable biofuels proj-
ect that upholds both international stan-
dards and social responsibility and
environmental sustainability criteria.
These different components of
ProBEC’s activities are easily inter-
linked, and they are structured in such
a way as to be flexible enough to
accommodate regional differences.
l Contact: Feroza Cassim
Senior Project Administrator
Programme for Biomass Energy Con-
servation
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische
Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
German Agency for Technical Coop-
eration
PO Box 13732, Hatfield, 0028
Tel: + 27 11 339 6633
Fax: +27 11 339 6634/ 086 630 1435
Mobile: +27 82 904 5040
E-mail: zaprobec@gtz.de
Website: www.probec.org
 Energy Management News 21

Programme in fuel qualities,

specifications and compliance
22 – 23 MAY 2008

T
his course offers an opportunity
to learn more about the South
African air quality and vehicle
impact, industry views on fuel specifi-
cations, global fuel trends, refinery
impacts and options. The programme
will be delivered by South African fuel
quality experts.
Limited course funding is available
for small businesses (BEE and NGO’s),
especially ones owned by HDSA.
Enterprises are encouraged to apply
early to stand a chance for funding.
Module 1: South African Situation
Air quality and vehicle impacts • Gov-
ernment processes for air quality, fuels
specifications, vehicle emissions,
transport policy • Industry views on fuel
specifications • Biofuels role • Future
goals
Module 2: International perspective,
with a European focus
Global fuel quality trends • EU history
and current position • Process to deter-
mine fuel specifications • Refinery
impacts and options • Automotive
trends – the technology driver • Air
quality aspects - driving vehicle tech-
nology and fuels
Module 3: Process issues
Objectives • Timing • Process steps •
Distribution aspects • Monitoring •
Compliance •
TARGET GROUP
This programme is aimed at profes-
sionals employed in the South African
fuels, transport and automotive sec-
tors. This includes people from govern-
ment, labour, industry and the research
community. Technical and environmen-
tal specialists and managers dealing
with petroleum products, marketing,
pricing, procurement, refining and their
impacts are especially encouraged to
participate.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the course participants
should be able to:
• Understand global, European and
Southern African issues regarding
fuel quality requirements
• Demonstrate knowledge of fuel
quality characteristics and how
these relate to refinery production
processes
• Follow changes and trends for the
future
• Demonstrate a good grasp of
processes to advance fuel quality
specifications
• Understand the role of biofuels
• Identify and describe measures to
monitor fuel qualities and ensure
compliance
METHODOLOGY
A variety of methods including class-
room work, group discussions, case
studies, presentations and simulation
exercises will be used.
COST
The course fee is R4 600 (including
VAT). The fee covers tuition, course
materials, lunches and parking, but not
accommodation or transport to the
venue. A cancellation fee of 50% of the
total amount is payable if you cancel
your registration 7 days or less before
the course begins and 100% for failing
to register on the first day of the course.
Cancellations must be confirmed in
writing.
VENUE
The course will be held at the MEETI
offices: Level 9 Block 9, Mintek Cam-
pus, 200 Malibongwe Drive (formerly
Hans Strijdom Drive), Randburg,
Johannesburg.
l Contact: Musa Mashinin
Training Coordinator – MEETI
PO Box 599, Randburg, 2125
Tel: 011 709 4718
Fax: 011 709 4657
E-mail: info@meeti.org.za

Programme
Thursday 22 May Friday 23 May
08h30-10h00 08h30-09h30: Registration & introduction SA fuel supply and distribution, and related quality issues,
09h30-10h30: The SA fuel specification: process including SABS marks and compliance
Adrian Cogills, DME Abner Manaka, SABS
10h30-10h45 Tea Tea
10h45-11h45 The SA fuel specification: process and plans Other factors : Transport modes and technology, Biofuels
Adrian Cogills, DME Raoul Goosen, CEF
South African air quality in context of vehicles
Margo Richardson, DEAT
11h45-13h00 Automotive technology drivers international and SA Refinery challenges and options
Stuart Rayner, NAAMSA Cyril Stevens, Engen
13h00-13h45 Lunch Lunch
13h45-15h00 International fuels quality issues SA fuels qualities and specifications, SWOT analysis
Pierre Malherbe, Engen
15h00-15h15 Tea Tea
15h15-16h30 International fuels quality issues SA fuels qualities and specifications, SWOT analysis
Pierre Malherbe, Engen
22 Energy Management News
S
outh Africa is in the grip of an
energy crisis as is well-known,
which not only endangers the
country’s economic development, but
our standard of living.
Government announced a pre-
emptive plan to reduce the strain on the
grid. This plan will consist of massive
load shedding and power rationing in
an attempt to reduce national demand
by at least 10%. Voluntary rationing is
set to become mandatory through reg-
ulation from April 2008 onwards.
This will run in conjunction with the
Power Conservation Programme which
includes quotas that require 10%
reductions in energy use and demand
for all industries, 15% for all commer-
cial and office buildings and 20% for
hotels, resorts and shopping malls.
Harsh penalties will be enforced if
these targets are not met, whilst incen-
tives will be given if they are.
It is consequently clear that every-
body has a role to play in averting a full
scale national crisis. Penalties will have
a direct impact on your bottom-line
whilst incentives will make it worth your
efforts if you become energy efficient.
However, the question is: Are you
prepared to become part of the solu-
tion?
The two courses that the Energy
Training Foundation (ETF) present will
not only help you to put a system in
place to become energy efficient
(Building Energy Management Training
Course), but will assists you in quanti-
fying your actual impacts (Certified
Measurement and Verification Profes-
sional Course).
CERTIFIED MEASUREMENT &
VERIFICATION PROFESSIONAL
(CMVP) COURSE
The Association of Energy Engineers
(AEE), in cooperation with the Efficien-
cy Valuation Organization (EVO) for-
merly known as the International Per-
formance Measurement & Verification
Protocol (IPMVP), has established the
Certified Measurement and Verification
Energy
management
training
courses
Professional (CMVP) program with the
dual purpose of recognizing the most
qualified professionals in this growing
area of the energy industry, and raising
the overall professional standards with-
in the measurement and verification
field. The purpose of the course is to
develop and promote the use of stan-
dardized protocols, methods and tools
to quantify and manage the perform-
ance risks and benefits associated with
end-use energy efficiency, renewable
energy, and water efficiency business
transactions.
The 3-day Certified Measurement
and Verification Professional course
will be presented by the Association of
Energy Engineers (AEE) in conjunction
with the Energy Training Foundation
(ETF) for three consecutive days. A
four-hour examination will take place
on the last day.
The four-hour CMVP exam is given
in conjunction with the Fundamentals
of Measurement & Verification three
day training program. The examination
questions are based on concepts and
experiences basic to measurement and
verification. The exam is open book,
and the questions are a mixture of mul-
tiple choice and true or false selections.
After passing the exam you will have to
submit the CMVP application. Persons
attending the 3-day CMVP Course will
also receive a certificate of attendance.
BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT
(BEMT) TRAINING COURSE
The Energy Training Foundation (ETF)
is presenting a Building Energy Man-
agement Training Course. This is a 3-
day programme that was developed by
the Department of Minerals and Energy
(DME) with support from Danida.
This 3-day programme offers a very
practical and hands-on exposure of the
management aspects of energy man-
agement. In addition to developing an
understanding of the issues, it is
intended to begin the actual planning
process of energy management of
building clients. Because the course
outcomes essentially involve increased
organisational capacity for energy
management, it is especially beneficial
if more than one person from a given
organisation attend. The common
understanding of the issues arising
from the course will help to bridge any
gaps that might exist withinthe organi-
sation regarding the importance and
practicality of energy management.
Target groups that will benefit from
the training are:
• Plant operations;
• Maintenance;
• Engineering;
• Finance; and
• Management.
The CMVP and BEMT Training
Courses are CPD Accredited.
l Contact: Christina den Heijer
Energy Training Foundation
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
Cell: +27 (0) 82 334 0923
E-mail: cemanager1@intekom.co.za
Marietjie Strydom
Energy Training Foundation
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
Cell: +27 (0) 83 401 7709
E-mail:
marietjie@eventstraining.co.za
Website: www.energycybernetics.com
 23 Energy Management News
Forthcoming energy and energy-related
conferences and courses: 2008–2009
MAY 2008
20 – 21
OPPORTUNITIES IN MINE WASTE
UTLISATION: AN UPDATE
Wits Club, West Campus, University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannes-
burg, S Africa
Contact: Mr Musa Mashinini or Mr
Stephen Ramotsei
Tel: 011 709 4718 or 011 709 4351
Fax: 011 709 4657
E-mail: info@meeti.org.za
Website: www.meeti.org.za
20 – 23
AFRICAN UTILITY WEEK
Cape Town, S Africa
Contact: Nadia Boucher, Spintelligent
Tel: +27 21 700 3500
Fax: +27 21 700 3501
E-mail:
nadia.boucher@spintelligent.com
Website: www.spintelligent.com
INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MANAGE-
MENT TRAINING COURSE AND
ENERGY AUDIT TRAINING COURSE
Emperors Palace, Gauteng, S Africa
Contact: Christina den Heijer
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
Cell: +27 (0) 82 334 0923
E-mail: cemanager1@intekom.co.za
and christina@eventstraining.co.za
Marietjie Strydom
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
Cell: +27 (0) 83 401 7709
E-mail: marietjie@eventstraining.co.za
21 – 22
CITY ENERGY CONFERENCE 2008,
Eskom Convention Centre, Midrand,
S Africa
Contact: Juanita Louw, Ingwe Commu-
nications
Tel: 011 472 5388 Fax: 011 472 5304
E-mail: info@ingwecom.co.za
Website: www.ingwecom.co.za
22 – 23
PROGRAMME IN FUEL QUALITIES,
SPECIFICATIONS AND
COMPLIANCE
MEETI Offices, Randburg, Johan-
nesburg, S Africa
Contact: Musa Mashinin, Training
Coordinator, MEETI
Tel: 011 709 4718 Fax: 011 709 4657
E-mail: info@meeti.org.za
Website: www.meeti.org.za
JUNE 2008
2–6
KEY ISSUES IN WORLD NUCLEAR
ENERGY TODAY
The Saint George Hotel, Rietvlei-
dam, S Africa
Contact: Gert Claassen, NIASA
Tel: +27 12 641 1071
Fax: +27 12 641 1802
Cell: +27 83 602 5254
Website: www.niasa.co.za
12
SOUTH AFRICAN ECONOMIC OUT-
LOOK CONFERENCE
Johannesburg, S Africa
Contact: Coreen Beukes, Global
Insight
Tel: +27 12 665 5420
E-mail: coreen.beukes@globalin-
sight.co.za
18
MINING IN TOWNS IN SOUTH
AFRICA: PDP CONFERENCE 2008
North West University, Potchef-
stroom, S Africa
Contact: Melanie Nell
Tel: +27 (0) 18 299 2486
E-mail:melanie.nell@nwu.ac.za
29 - 2 July
ADVANCES IN ENERGY STUDIES
Graz University of Technology,
Graz, Austria
Website: www.aes08.tugraz.at
JULY 2008
7 - 10
XIV CONGRESS OF THE SOUTH
AFRICAN SOCIOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION - POWER AND THE
ENVIRONMENT: CHALLENGES FOR
THE 21ST CENTURY
University of Stellenbosch, Stellen-
bosch, S Africa
Contact: Dr Heidi Prozesky, SASA
Secretary, Department of Sociology
and Social Anthropology, University of
Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1,
Matieland 7602, South Africa
Tel: +27 21 808 2092
Fax: +27 21 808 2143
Mobile: +27 83 666 3166
Website: www.sun.ac.za/sociology
Energy Management News 23
OCTOBER 2008
13 – 16
INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MANAGE-
MENT TRAINING COURSE AND
ENERGY AUDIT TRAINING COURSE
Birchwood Executive Hotel & Con-
ference Centre, Gauteng, S Africa
Contact: Christina den Heijer
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
Cell: +27 (0) 82 334 0923
E-mails: cemanager1@intekom.co.za
and christina@eventstraining.co.za
Marietjie Strydom
Cell: +27 (0) 83 401 7709
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
E-mail:marietjie@eventstraining.co.za
13 – 17
CERTIFIED ENERGY MANAGER
COURSE
Birchwood Executive Hotel & Con-
ference Centre, Gauteng, S Africa
Contact: Christina den Heijer
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
Cell: +27 (0) 82 334 0923
E-mails: cemanager1@intekom.co.za
and christina@eventstraining.co.za
Marietjie Strydom
Cell: +27 (0) 83 401 7709
Tel/Fax: +27 (0) 18 294 7174
E-mail:marietjie@eventstraining.co.za
NOVEMBER 2008
20 – 23
3RD INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION
‘ENERGY 2008’ AND 1ST
INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION
`PHOTOVOLTAIC 2008’
Maroussi, Greece
Contact: LEADEREXPO
Tel: +30 210 614 1164 / 1223
Fax: +30 210 802 4238
E-mail: info@leaderexpo.gr
Website: www.leaderexpo.gr
MARCH 2009
16 - 19
2009 EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY
CONFERENCE
Marseille, France
E-mail: info@ewea.org
Website: www.ewea.org
Visit www.erc.uct.ac.za for
further events and details
 The newsletter is published quarterly by the Energy Research Centre (ERC) of the
University of Cape Town. (ERC is an amalgamation in 2004 of two organisations at
the University: the former Energy Research Institute and the Energy and Development
Research Centre.)
Energy Management News is available free of charge. The articles do not
necessarily reflect the views of the editor or of ERC.
Enquiries, comments, articles, and information on energy events are welcome, and
should be sent to:

Richard Drummond
Energy Research Centre
University of Cape Town
Private Bag
Rondebosch 7701
South Africa.
Tel: 021 650 3894
Fax: 021 650 2830
E-mail: richard.drummond@uct.ac.za

Subscribe to

The Journal of Energy in Southern Africa (JESA) has been running for fourteen years, and has proved
to be of a consistently high standard and to have a widening subscription base. The key receivers of
this quarterly journal are researchers, consulting engineers, energy producers, energy consumers and
decision makers.
The publication is balanced, representative, up to date and authorative. It is becoming increasingly
known in other countries especially in Africa.
The JESA is a successful vehicle for the dissemination of information on the latest results and activities
in the Southern African energy field, publicising results achieved and stimulating future activities. The
potential impact in terms of distribution is the whole of sub-Saharan Africa. It covers matters of local
and regional interest as opposed to the internationally high technology content of other journals serving
energy interests.
It is the intention to keep the subscription rate relatively low to allow as many people as possible to
have access to the JESA.

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES (FOUR ISSUES)

Individuals (Africa): R134 (single copy R51)
Individuals (beyond Africa): US$109 (single copy US$39)
Corporate (Africa): R321 (single copy R103)
Corporate (beyond Africa): US$218 (single copy US$77)

Cost includes VAT and airmail postage.

Cheques should be made payable to the University of Cape Town and sent to the address given below.
Contact: Ann Steiner, Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town,
Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
Tel: 021 650 4646
Fax: 021 650 2830
E-mail: ann.steiner@uct.ac.za