BATCH PROJECT 2015

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PATTS COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS
BATCH PROJECT

Status: Proposed Project
By: BSAeroE Students Batch 2015
Address: Lombos Ave. Paraaque City
Date: 04 July 2014


BATCH PROJECT 2015
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Aerostat Wind Turbine - KITE
(Kytoon Instrument and Turbine Electric-generator)

Problem Statement

The modern era is too different compared to our way of life before. In the past, we
only use simple methods like sending letters to deliver our messages to other people. But
thanks to modernization, the simple turned much simpler. In the present, we use a lot of
communication devices namely, our phones, the internet and a whole lot of other means. It
has become a part of our daily needs. Using communication devices are already almost the
same as breathing. The means of communication though, is mostly powered by electricity.
Now, due to being in a tropical region; our country is constantly affected by natural
calamities like typhoons. Thus, a large portion of our country tend to experience, if were
lucky, temporary blackouts, but if worse, total cut off to electrical power a long period of
time. However, if we can provide a good generator using alternative energy, everything
changes.

Why Wind Turbine?

When talking about generators, a lot of informed people would recommend using
either solar energy or wind energy. Mainly because both are renewable energies which
means they are clean, affordable, domestic and effectively infinite. Solar energy is a very
good alternative but we wont be able to harness solar energy at night, can we? On the
other hand, wind energy is often present where solar isnt. Thus, a wind turbine is the
answer to a solar panels lack of efficiency at night and when it is a bit cloudy.

Our Objective

To create and develop a low cost electric-generating machine, which can be deployed
at any location, utilizing alternative energy that can be of great use during power shortages
and blackouts.

How is this different from other wind turbines and generators?

The Aerostat Wind Turbine uses the same processes as a regular wind turbine which
uses mechanical energy and converting it to electric energy. One of the major differences is
that it is not being supported by a pole or other ground structures. This wind turbine will
float, while tethered, on its own for it to achieve a higher altitude. The higher the altitude,
the stronger the wind, the greater the wind energy will be harnessed. Another uniqueness of
this wind turbine is that it can be deployed at any location. This wind turbine contains a
rechargeable battery or an electric storage which can be used even if the wind turbine isnt
under operation. The turbine wont be permanently placed on air. It will only be positioned
when the rechargeable battery is depleted already.
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How about the Airspace Problem?

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Concept

The Aerostat Wind Turbine is basically a floating wind turbine, which generates limited electricity
to supply a designated place which needs it. Its designed to be small enough for us to deploy it easily
in certain areas; like PATTS, for example. The Blimp Wind Turbine Generator has four main
components:
Bladder - A proprietary helium-filled shell made from high performance, industrial fabrics that
lifts the turbine up and stabilizes it in the air.
Turbine - A lightweight conventional, horizontal axis wind turbine fixed on the bladder.
Tethers The lightweight, high strength tethers hold the turbine in place in all weather
conditions and transmit power to the ground.
Ground Station - The portable ground station which includes a control system, energy bank
and some power conditioning equipment.

Main Components
Bladder
Made of gas-tight and durable fabric, the patented shell is inflated with helium. The
shell passively aligns into changing winds while channelling wind through the turbine.
Aerodynamic lift combines with floating lift to keep it aloft in both strong and weak winds.
Turbine
The lightweight, horizontal-axis turbine adapts conventional, proven design used in
efficient wind turbines that are currently deployed around the world. The turbine generates
electricity both when airborne.
Tethers
Tethers are used to connect the shell and turbine to rise on the portable ground
station. Tether control is made to adjust turbine altitude, stabilize the turbine in the air, and
provide an electrical connection to send power from the turbine to the ground. The control
system periodically adjusts based on changing winds to keep the turbine at the optimal
altitude for peak energy output and minimal structural loads.
Ground Station
The ground station is built on a small platform for easy transport. Craned on the ground
station control tether speed and length, and aligns with the bladder to prevent tethers from
tangling. A landing pad safely secures the envelope while docked. The power produced by
the turbine is conditioned on the ground station.

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Conceptual Sketch

Diameter = 15 - 20 ft.
Power Output = 12v-24v; 50-200watts; 0.01-1.5Amps

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Volume of a Typical Airship
V = ( L x D x D x 0.52)
Where:
V = volume
L = length
D = diameter

Mass lifted = (density air density helium) x volume
Volume needed = 1 kg / (density air density helium)

@Sea Level @ 32 F
V = 1,000 ft
3
(helium / hydrogen)
V = 1,000 ft
3
(69.6 lb / 75.1 lb)

30 meter (100 ft)
Displaces = 14,137,000 liters
Lift = 14,000 kg (roughly 31,000 lb)


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3 meter balloon (10 ft)

Comparison of Gases
1. Hydrogen
- more efficient lifting gas
- 8% better than helium
- leaks more slowly
- highly flammable
- = 0.8988 kg/m
3

- lift = 1.2 kg/m
3

- cheaper
- temperature for spontaneous ignition in air is 500 C (932 F)

2. Helium
-lift = 1 kg/m
3
or 1 g/liter


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3. Methane
- the lift of hydrogen
- 4x the energy density of hydrogen
- safer than hydrogen
- narrow relative air/fuel mixture for combustion
- lift = 45 lb/1000 ft
3

Conventional rib-stop nylon (or Silicon coated)
- hot air balloons
- paragliders
- can resist steam up to 120C
- if exceeds 120C, it must be replaced by Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer
(EPDM)

Hydrogen Helium


11.9 m 12.2 m


877 m
3

947 m
3
1 kg
1000 kg
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Polyurethane Plastic Film

Altitude Pressure
(m) (mmHg) (kPa)
0 760 101.3
75 753 100.4
150 746 99.5

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Basic Parts

For the Motor

DC Motor (2pcs)







Price: Php650.00 each
Specifications:
24 volts
3000 rpm
Dimensions:
Shaft: 110mm
Motor Diameter: 60mm
Motor Length: 90mm
Weight: 1 kg
Sources:
http://www.olx.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/44835568/Dc+motor+24+volts+3000+rpm?referral
Keywords=DC+motor&event=Search+Ranking,Position,1-1,1#advertisementDetails


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For Battery Maintenance
MPPT Solar Charge Controller 12v, 24v, Auto Switch







Estimated Price: Php1, 400.00
Features:
Always keeping the battery on fill voltage condition.
Prevents the battery from over-charging
Prevents the battery from over-discharging
Prevents the battery from reverse charging to solar panels during nights
Reverse Polarity Protection for Battery
Reverse Polarity Protection for Solar Panels
When the battery voltage is low, the controller will automatically cut off the
load from the system. If the voltage of battery is back to normal and the load
will restart working.
Thunder protection
Sources:
http://www.olx.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/44758434/20A+MPPT+Solar+Panel+Battery+Regula
tor+Charge+Controller+12V+24V?referralKeywords=charge+controller&event=Search+Ranking,Positi
on,1-15,15#advertisementDetails

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For Tethering
Steel Cables








Price: 8mm diameter = Php35.00/meter
10mm diameter = Php42.00/meter

Description:
Brand new U.S. made, high strength compacted aircraft cable, steel core, hot
dipped galvanized, high strength, flexible, for various applications, like zip line,
winch, crane, hoist, pulley and others.

Nylon For Alternative
Price: 6.5mm diameter = Php50.00/meter
= 3,500.00/roll (100 meters)

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For Altitude Control
MAURER Hand Winch / Brake Winch








Estimated Price: Php8, 600.00
Features:
Automatic brake to ensure suspension of load
Self- locking brake winches provide additional safety and control for many
lifting and pulling jobs.
The automatic friction brake supplies constant, positive holding action and
prevents runaway load.
Brake is fully automatic and the load remains in position anytime when the
handle is released.
Alloy-steel gear, baked enamel body
High Quality - Maurer
Dimensions:
Capacity: 1150 kg
Gear Ratio: 10:1
Hub diameter: 83 mm
Rope storage: 8 mm x 18 meters
Source:
http://www.olx.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/41108995/Manual+Winch%2C+Hand+Winch%2C+B
rake+Winch+-+1+Ton+capacity?referralKeywords=winch+cables&event=Search+Ranking,Position,1-
9,9#advertisementDetails
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For the Power Inverter
Pure Sine Wave Inverter 1000w


Estimated Price: Php4, 500.00
Includes:
1000w solar power grid tie connected power inverter:
12v
24v
48v
Features:
Full protection and audio-visual alarm system
Can provide a full range of protection
Over-voltage protection
Low-voltage alarm
Under-voltage protection
Over-heat protection
Overload protection
Short circuit protection
Reverse polarity protection
Source:
http://www.olx.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/44275370/pure+sine+wave+inverter+500w+1000w
?referralKeywords=power+inverter&featureType=13&event=Sponsored+Ranking,Position,1-
3,3#advertisementDetails
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For Power Storage
Solar Master - Deep Cycle Battery








Estimated Price: 12,000Php
Description
The solar power battery is designed specifically for solar power installations,
and other renewable energy installations, particularly those in which it is desirable
that maintenance be kept to a minimum.
Application:
Microwave Stations
Radio Repeaters
Any remote or hard to reach installation
Any renewable energy installation
Features:
Longer Discharge period and a lower discharge rate
Use of thicker, high-density plates
Excellent cycling capability because of thick lead-antimony grids
Heavy duty glass-mat separators resisting plate corrosion and increasing
battery life
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Variations:
Size AH/C20 V L W H T
SM40 12 230 138 200 236
SM70 70 12 305 174 200 225
SM100 100 12 392 180 200 230
SM120 120 12 502 180 207 230
SM150 150 12 508 220 208 230
SM200 200 12 524 278 214 240
Sources
http://www.motolite.com/industrial.php
http://www.olx.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/42840590/Solar+Master+Motolite+40ah++to+200a
h?referralKeywords=SM200&event=Search+Ranking,Position,1-2,2#advertisementDetails
http://www.olx.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/44517971/Solar+Battery+200Ah+Motolite?referralK
eywords=solar+master&event=Search+Ranking,Position,2-1,21

For the Axle
Hollow Aluminium Shaft

Estimated Price: Php2, 000.00
Dimensions:
Length: 12ft
Diameter: 2in
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For the Bladder
Polyethylene Fabric Price: To be appraised

Chloroprene Fabric - Alternative
Extra Materials Needed
1. Bearings
Roller Bearings (2pcs)
Price: Php1, 000.00 each
2. Insulated Copper Wires
Price: 100m = Php7, 000.00
3. Helium
Price: Php24, 000.00
Source:
http://www.olx.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/44671766/Helium+Gas+Supplier+and+Distributor+i
n+the+Philippines?referralKeywords=helium+gas&event=Search+Ranking,Position,1-3,3


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Pros and Cons
Pros
1. Environment Friendly - It is a green energy source and does not cause
pollution nearly as much as fossil fuels, coal and nuclear power do.
2. Portable - Harnessing wind energy can be done almost anywhere. Whether or
not a resource is financially feasible is another question.
3. Renewable - Wind power is renewable and there is no way we can run out of
it.
4. Space-Efficient - Wind turbines are incredible space-efficient. The floating
wind turbines can`t be placed too close to each other, but its placed above
ground. The largest of them generate enough electricity to power 600
homes.
5. Low Operational Cost - The operational costs associated with wind power are
low once the turbines first have been manufactured and erected.
6. Good Domestic Potential Residential floating wind turbines yields energy
savings which protects homeowners from power outages.

Cons
1. Unpredictable - Wind is a fluctuating source of energy and is not suited to
meet the base load energy demand unless some form of energy storage is
utilized (e.g. batteries, pumped hydro).
2. Cost Competitiveness - The manufacturing of this requires upfront
investments.
3. Threat to Wildlife - Wind turbines can be a threat to wildlife (e.g. birds, bats).
4. Helium Dependent Helium is an important factor that makes the project
float. The bladder must be refilled periodically.

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Budgeting
Summary of Prices
DC Motor: Php650.00
MPPT Solar Charge Controller Php1, 400.00
Pure Sine Wave Inverter: Php4, 500.00
Polyethylene Fabric: Php30, 000 (Assumed)
Maurer Hand Winch / Brake Winch: Php8, 600.00
Solar Master Deep Cycle Battery: Php12, 000.00
Aluminium Shaft: Php2, 000.00
Extra Materials Needed: Php33, 000.00
Cost Pool (Basic)
Item No. Estimated Cost
DC Motor 2pcs Php1, 300.00
MPPT Solar Charge Controller 1pc Php1, 400.00
Pure Sine Wave Inverter 1pc Php4,500.00
Polyethylene Fabric (per sq. foot) ?? Php30, 000.00 (Assumed)
Steel Cables 100m Php4, 200.00
Maurer Hand Winch / Brake Winch 1pc Php8, 600.00
Solar Master Deep Cycle Battery 1pc Php12 ,000.00
Aluminium Shaft 1pc Php2, 000.00
Other Materials Needed --- Php33, 000.00
Total --- Php97, 000.00
*The cost of accessories may vary because some of the parts are for shipping and charged in dollars.
Total number of 5th year BSAeroEstudents A.Y. 2014-2015 = 140

Proposed Contribution per Student:
(Php97, 000.00 + Php3, 000.00 allowance ) / 140 = Php714.28

*Contribution may still vary because of the anonymity of some expenses, i.e.
transportation, shipping, etc. though most will fall on the budget allocated for
marginal cost.
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Schedule of Activities


Date Activity Number of Days
June 23 to
June 28
Preparation and Planning for the Proposed Project,
Sponsorships and Letter of Approvals
6
June 30 Purchasing of Materials and Control Systems 6+




July 07 to
August 31

Fabrication of Parts

Morning Shift Afternoon Shift
Axle Assembly Axle Assembly
DC Motor Generator DC Motor Generator
Bladder Construction Bladder Construction
Wiring of Charge
Controllers
Wiring of Power Inverters


34 Days

---
3 Days
5 Days
21 Days
5 Days

September 01
to September
5
Assembly and Adjustments 5 Days
September 08
to September
12
Test Flight 5 Days
September 15
to September
20
Adjustments, Repairs and Test Flights 5 Days
Exhibit