Heinke Tunnel Segment Gaskets

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TRELLEBORG
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
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HEINKE TUNNEL SEGMENT GASKETS
Trelleborg Bakker has unrivalled expertise in
seal design and elastomer technology, and is
the world's leading manufacturer of
elastomeric gaskets for immersed tunnels,
cUt & cover tunnels and bored tunnels. For
the segmental lining of bored tunnels
Trelleborg Bakker supplies tunnel segment
gaskets (TSGs) under the trade name
Heinke. Heinke TSGs, which are located in
precast grooves encircling the mating faces
of each segment, give a secure rubber-to-
rubber waterproof seal as soon as the
segments are bolted together. The low
compression set and stress relaxation values
of the elastomeric compound used in their
manufacture enable elastomeric TSGs to
recover under reduced applied load thereby
maintaining a positive seal between
segments despite ground movements.
Trelleborg Bakker manufactures a range of
Heinke TSGs designed for precast concrete,
steel and cast iron segments used in the
lining of tunnels or shafts and large mains
sewers. All are precision engineered to meet
the precise requirements of individual
projects.
TOTAL QUALITY
Trelleborg Bakker operates
a Quality System which is
ISO900 1 and ISO 14000
approved.
ISO9001",
ISO 14001 & SCC'
m
III
REGISTERED
BENEFITS OF ELASTOMERIC TSGs
Elastomeric TSGs
I provide an economic
and effective solution
for sealing tunnels and
shafts against water
ingress. Compared to
other sealing methods,
elastomeric TSGs offer
many benefits.
Heinke Tunnel Segment Gaskets:
. are easyto install;
. create an effectiveseal when bolts are
tightened, immediately creating dry
)omts;
. assureaneffectivesealdespiteground'
movement and alternating wet and dry
conditions;
. havea provenreliability,eliminatingthe
need for costly remedial work to seal leaks
after construction;
. and havea provenrecordofdurability,
being resistant to chemical attack and
microbiological degradation.
Manufacturing capability
Trel~eborg Bakker - a company with an
e~tabdsh~d history of a long-term
commitment to serving the construction
industry - is a market leader in the
development of seals and gaskets.
Using experience gained over 125 years,
Trelleborg Bakker is able to develop and
compound materials to meet the most
exacting requirements. Its Heinke TSGs,
with their complex cross-section of ribs
and holes providing strength and
compressibility, are manufactured by an
extrusion process which incorporates the
most up-to-date equipment for the
continuous monitoring of sectional
dimensions to ensure that every TSG is held
within specified tolerances.
The extruded Heinke TSGs are cut to
required lengths and shot-moulded for joint
integrity to form a one-piece, four-sided
gasket that fits perfectly into the specified
groove of the segment.
TECHNICAL
When specifying TSGs for segmented
tunnel applications, there are a number of
factors which need to be taken into account.
It is the particular combination of factors in
each case which determines the eventual
choice of gasket, which in turn ensures an
efficient, watertight seal over the projected
service life of the tUnnel.
Upon request we can forward a Specification
Guide which lists these factors. On the basis
of information provided, Trelleborg Bakker
will be able to specify the most suitable and
economical Heinke TSG for a particular
application. To ease the selection process,
customers are invited to consult Trelleborg
Bakker who will identify, test and
demonstrate the appropriate gasket for a
particular project.
Working and test pressures
Segmental linings require gaskets to ensure
a watertight seal. Ground water is normally
under pressure and the chosen gasket must
therefore be tested
for its ability to
withstand the
pressures involved.
FigA
... T-Configuration
test rig
This can be done by
using one of
Trelleborg Bakker's
specially designed
test rings, as
illustrated in Fig A.
These are built to
simulate the worst conditions which can be
expected during construction and service
life of the tunnel. Hydrostatic pressure is
built up within the rig to-the required test
pressure and maintained for a prolonged
period of time, generally 72 hours.
The test pressure is always higher than the
highest working pressure to ensure a margin
of safety.
DATA
Gaps and displacements
Gaps and displacements occur between
segments, either as an allowance for
building tolerances or to help steerage,
line and level during the construction of the
tUnnel (see Fig B).
FigB
Displacement
Gap
... Cross section through segment to show typical
gap and displacement
The purpose of the TSG is to seal to the
required pressure at the maximum expected
gap and displacement. As the size of the gap
and/or displacement increases, the ability
for a given TSG to withstand water
pressure decreases, as illustrated in Fig C.
There is therefore a maximum pressure at
which any TSG will seal for a given
maximum gap and displacement. The
chosen gasket's suitability will be proven on
Trelleborg Bakker's test rig.
FigC
'C'
'"
e-
ll)
5
..
..
II)
&:
Gap(mm)
... Typical pressure curve obtained as the gap increases
for a given displacement
Closure force
It is important to know the forces required
to compress the gasket as these dictate the
force required to bring two segments
completely together.
FigD
:[
z:
:!!.
CI)
f:!
c
u..
m
Deflection(mm)
... Typical load deflection curve
Trelleborg Bakker can provide this
information by using one of its compression
testing facilities which plots the force
against closure for a given gasket, expressed
as kN per metre (see Fig D).
Groove dimensions
The groove is required to locate the gasket
in the segment (see Fig E) and is of a size
that when the segments are closed, (ie no
gap), the volume of rubber is housed within
the groove (see Fig F). If the volume of
rubber exceeds the groove dimensions, it
will not be possible to close the segments
fully (see Fig G).
Trelleborg Bakker's gaskets are designed
such that the 'el~stomeric material can be
compressed to fit within a given groove.
The size of the groove therefore has a major
effect on the choice of TSG and its
subsequent performance.
Consultation with Trelleborg Bakker's
technical personnel will enable optimum
groove dimensions to be determined for a
particular application.
FigE FigF
FigG
Segment
facesopen
Segment faces
fully closed
Segmentfaces
partiallyclosed
Ground conditions
A thorough understanding of the conditions
in which the TSGs are required to work will
ensure that the correct elastomeric material
for the gasket is made and will resist any
deleterious attack.
Trelleborg Bakker's expertise in materials
technology, along with its long-standing
experience in compounding, will ensure
that the most appropriate material is chosen
for a given application, providing
confidence in the TSG's long-term life.
Fitting
Trelleborg Bakker's TSGs are manufactured
to fit the grooves of each segment, whatever
its size or shape. Fitting is a simple matter
of applying the recommended amount of
adhesive to the groove and the base of the
gasket, stretching the TSG over the
segment and fitting it into place in the
groove. The adhesive ensures that the TSG
1 is "not pulled or jarred our of the groove
before, or during, tunnel construction.
Corner Joints
FigH
The corner joints are
specifically designed
to ensure they
correspond with the
appropriate corner
angle of the segment
from aCUte to obtuse
angles (see Fig H).
FigI
Cornerin
relaxedcondition
Corner
fullyclosed
Corner
fullyopen
They have been specially designed to ensure
that approximately the same load and
closure forces apply equally to the corner as
to the main body of the gasket. In addition
to standard quality control procEidures, ,
corner joints undergo full opening and full
closure tests to ensure the integrity of each
joint (see Fig I).
Adhesives
Trelleborg Bakker will recommend and
supply an adhesive appropriate for bonding
its Heinke TSGs to concrete or cast iron
segments. Data sheets relating to the
adhesive are available and Trelleborg Bakker
can give further advice on storage and
application.
Trelleborg
Trelleborg Bakker is a member of the
Trelleborg Group - a global industrial
Group offering leading-edge expertise in
polymer technology combined with
advanced industrial know-how in respect of
functional solUtions and systems to meet
our customers' requirements. The Group
has approximately 21,000 employees in
some 40 countries. The Group's
Headquarters are located in Trelleborg,
Sweden. Trelleborg AB was founded in
1905 and the Trelleborg share has been
included in Stockholmsborsen's (Stockholm
Exchange) A-list since 1964. Please check
our website for more information:
www.trelleborg.com.
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TRELLEBORG
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
AMERICAN COMMERCIAL
INCORPORATED