9/22/2006 International Grooving &Grinding Association 1

Fast Track Repair

Materials and Methods
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Fast Track
New Technology
for mix designs
Sequencing
methodology
Innovative Bidding
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Need for Fast-Track
Expedite construction
Minimize airport traffic
disruption
Minimize revenue loss
Toll facilities
Businesses
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Fast-Track
A series of techniques that decrease concrete
pavement construction/rehabilitation time
It is a system!
Current Definition:
Planning Considerations
Traffic management
Fast track materials selection
Fast track construction
Team coordination
Emergency planning
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Traffic Management
Traffic Control Strategy
Optimizing Plan:
Project Cost
Societal Cost
Safety
Traffic Management
Q
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Cost
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Traffic Management Scenarios
Night Time Closures
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Project Components to Modify
for Fast-Track
Planning & Specifications
Concrete Materials
J ointing & Sealing Procedures
Concrete Curing & Temperature
Management Procedures
Strength Testing Methods
Traffic Opening Requirements
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Planning & Specifications
Possible Changes for Fast-Track
Use partnering-based project management
Consider night construction
Use innovative equipment & materials
Consider more than one concrete mixture
Provide multiple options for contractors
(not step-by-step procedures)
Use incentives and disincentives
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Site Rental Contracting
for Fast-Track
Cost-plus-time (A+B)
Bid Project Cost
Bid Time
Continuous site rental
Bid like a completion-date contract
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Material Considerations
for Fast-Track
Rapid early strength gain
Long-term strength
Freeze-thaw durability
Workability
Abrasion Resistance
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Materials
Possible Changes for Fast-Track
Try different cement types
Type I, II, or III
Special blended cements
Use helpful admixtures
Keep water-cementitious ratio below 0.43
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Mix Proportioning
for Fast-Track
No specific proportions
Most local materials acceptable
Verify compatibility of components in lab
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Mix Proportions from Actual
Fast-Track Projects
Runway Ext.
Dane Co.
Wisconsin
Material
Cement Type
Cement (lbs/yd
3
)
Fly ash (lbs/yd
3
)
Coarse Agg. (lbs/yd
3
)
Fine Agg. (lbs/yd
3
)
W/C Ratio
AE Admixture
Other Admixtures
Type III
863
0
1154
1541
0.455
Yes
WR-Type A
US-71BOL
Storm Lake
Iowa
US-81 Recon.
Menominee
Nebraska
Interchange
I-90 & SR-832
Pennsylvania
Type III
837
92 (Class C)
2216
1476
0.45
Yes
WR-Type A
Type III
800
0
1176
2733
0.423
Yes
WR-Type F
Type I
982
0
2253
1284
0.37
Yes
SRA-Type D
WR-Type F
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Flexural Strengths for Actual
Fast-Track Projects
Hours After Placement
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9
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800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
Hours After Placement
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800
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Mix Proportions for Fast-Track
Projects
VDOT
6hr Mix
Material
Cement Type
Cement (lbs/yd
3
)
Fly ash (lbs/yd
3
)
Coarse Agg. (lbs/yd
3
)
Fine Agg. (lbs/yd
3
)
W/C Ratio
AE Admixture
Other Admixtures
Type II
850
0
1740
1039
0.294
Yes
WR-Type A
VDOT
6hr Mix
MdSHA
12hr Mix
Type II
800
0
1748
1076
0.313
Yes
WR-Type A
Type I
800
0
Not Specified
Not Specified
0.45
Required
WR-Yes
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Portland Cement
for Fast-Track
Different cements react differently
Heat generation important
Fineness of grind influential
Type I: Blaine fineness 300-400 m
2
/kg
Type III: Blaine fineness 500-600 m
2
/kg
TricalciumSilicate (C
3
S) content important
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Contribution of Cement Compounds
Time (days)
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0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
2
4
6
8
C
2
S
C
3
A + CSH
2
C
4
AF + CSH
2
C
3
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Supplementary Cementing Materials
for Fast-Track
Tend to slow initial set!
Act as fine particle fillers for workability
Fly ash
Type C
Type F
GGBFS
Very temperature sensitive
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Chemical Admixtures
for Fast-Track
Air-entraining
Water-reducing
Improves workability at constant water content
Reduces necessary water by dispersing
cement particles
Accelerating
Increases reaction rate of C
3
A
Chloride vs. non-chloride
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Curing & Temperature Management
Possible Changes for Fast-Track
Specify blanket curing
Monitor concrete temperature
Control concrete temperature with
heated water
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Curing Compound
for Fast-Track
Do not delay application!
Application rate
Normal: 5.00 m
2
/L
Fast-track: 3.75 m
2
/L
Overlay: 2.50 m
2
/L
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Temperature Management
for Fast-Track
Aid strength development
Understand sawing window
Avoid cracking
Benefits:
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Blanket Insulation
for Fast-Track
Place after spraying curing compound
Reduce loss of hydration heat
Lessen effects of:
Air temperature
Solar radiation
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Blanket Insulation Effects
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1:00 5:00 1:00 9:00
10
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50
60
50
70
90
110
130
150
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C
9:00 5:00
Time
pm am
Blanket Insulation
No Insulation
Air
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Temperature and Plastic Shrinkage
Primary cause: rapid surface evaporation
Factors:
Air temperature
Relative humidity
Wind velocity
Concrete temperature
Potential greater when T
concrete
>T
air
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Temperature and Plastic Shrinkage
Pave in evening or nighttime
Water mist aggregate stockpiles
Use resin-based Type 2/Class B curing
compound
To reduce evaporation:
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Strength Testing
Possible Changes for Fast-Track
Use non-destructive methods
Supplement cylinders and beams
Replace cylinders and beams
Use Concrete maturity
Monitor concrete temperature and strength
Use Pulse-velocity
Monitor strength
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Maturity Testing
Internal temperature of concrete relates
directly to concrete strength
Develop correlation curve in lab
Precision to baseline cylinders: 5%
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Maturity Testing
Temperature-Time Factor, M(t)
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0 100 200 300 400 500
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
M(t) = (T
a
-T
o
) t
M(t) = temperature-time factor
t = time interval
T
a
= average concrete temp.
T
o
= datum temp. (-10
o
C)
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Pulse Velocity Testing
Velocity of sound wave from transducer
to receiver through concrete relates to
concrete strength
Develop correlation curve in lab
Precision to baseline cylinders: 10%
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Pulse Velocity
12
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2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
500
1,000
1,500
Pulse Velocity (1000 m/s)
0 1 2 3 4
(1000 ft/s)
Semi-direct
mode
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Traffic Opening
Possible Changes for Fast-Track
Revise criteria from time to strength
Channel early loads away from slab edges
Restrict early use to lesser loading
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Fast Track Summary
Fast-Track works for all types of concrete pavement
Start by considering fast-track in planning
Use specifications that give contractors options
Consider more than one mix
Use innovative equipment
Use non-destructive testing