Designation: D 3309 96a (Reapproved 2002)

An American National Standard

Standard Specication for
Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution
Systems
1
This standard is issued under the xed designation D 3309; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specication covers requirements, test methods,
and methods of marking for polybutylene plastic system
components made in one standard dimension ratio and in-
tended for 0.69 MPa (100 psi) water service up to and
including 82C (180F). These components comprise pipe and
tubing, socket-fusion ttings, compression ttings, mechanical
ttings, and plastic-to-metal transition ttings. Requirements
and test methods are included for sustained, hydrostatic pres-
sure strength, thermocycling resistance, joint strength, and
dimensions and tolerances for pipe and socket fusion ttings.
The components covered by this specication are intended for
use in hot- and cold-water potable water service and distribu-
tion systems and such non-potable water applications as
building services piping, water heating and cooling systems,
re sprinkler applications, and other miscellaneous applica-
tions involving the transport of water, ethylene glycol solu-
tions, or other aqueous liquids shown not to adversely affect
PB performance.
1.2 The text of this specication references notes, footnotes,
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and gures) shall
not be considered as requirements of the specication.
1.3 The values in SI units are the standard. The values stated
in parentheses are for information only.
NOTE 1Suggested hydrostatic design stresses and hydrostatic pres-
sure ratings for pipe, tubing, and ttings are listed in Appendix X1.
Design, assembly, and installation considerations are discussed in Appen-
dix X2. An optional performance qualication and an in-plant quality
control program are recommended in Appendix X3.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test method portion, Section 7, of this specication: This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
tions prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
2
D 1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe
Under Constant Internal Pressure
3
D 1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time, Hydrau-
lic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
3
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics
2
D 1708 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics by
Use of Microtensile Specimens
2
D 1784 Specication for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Compounds and Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(CPVC) Compounds
2
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
2
D 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
3
D 2581 Specication for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Mold-
ing and Extrusion Materials
4
D 2749 Symbols for Dimensions of Plastic Pipe Fittings
3
D 2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design
Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials
3
D 3915 Specication for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) and Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Compounds for Plastic Pipe and Fittings Used in Pressure
Applications
5
D 4181 Specication for Acetal (POM) Molding and Extru-
sion Materials
5
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
3
F 699 Practice for Accelerated Conditioning of Polybuty-
lene Pipe and Tubing for Subsequent Quality Control
Testing
3
F 948 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Piping
Systems and Components Under Constant Internal Pres-
sure With Flow
3
2.2 ANSI Standards:
1
This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.61 on Water.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1996. Published November 1996. Originally
published as D 3309 74. Last previous edition D 3309 96a.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
1
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
ANSI B 36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
6
ANSI Z 17.1 Preferred Numbers
6
2.3 AWWA Standard:
Manual M-11 Steel Pipe Design and Insulation
7
2.4 Federal Standard:
Fed Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies)
8
2.5 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
8
2.6 NSF Standard:
Standard No. 14 for Plastic Piping Components and Related
Materials
9
Standard No. 61 for Drinking Water System Components
Health Effects
9
3. Terminology
3.1 Denitions:
3.1.1 GeneralDenitions are in accordance with Termi-
nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter-
minology D 1600 and Symbols D 2749, unless otherwise
specied. The abbreviation for polybutylene is PB. Plastic
tubing denotes a particular diameter schedule of plastic pipe in
which the outside diameter of the tubing is equal to the nominal
size plus
1
8 in. Plastic pipe outside diameter schedule conforms
to ANSI B 36.10.
3.1.2 polybutylene plasticsplastics prepared by the poly-
merization of no less than 85 % butene-1 and no less than 95
weight % of total olens.
3.1.3 relation between standard dimension ratio, stress, and
internal pressureThe following expression, commonly
known as the ISO equation, is used to relate standard dimen-
sion ratio, stress, and internal pressure for pipe and tubing:
2S/P 5 R 1 (1)
or
2S/P 5 ~D
o
/t! 2 1 (2)
where:
S = stress in circumferential or hoop direction, psi (MPa),
P = internal pressure, psi (MPa) gage,
D
o
= average outside diameter, in.,
t = minimum wall thickness, in., and
R = standard dimension ratio, SDR.
3.1.4 standard dimension ratio (SDR)a selected series of
numbers in which the average outside diameter to minimum
wall thickness dimension ratios are constant for all sizes of
pipe and tubing in each standard dimension ratio, and which
are the ANSI Z 17.1 Preferred Number Series R 10 modied
by +1. SDR ttings shall by denition be equivalent in
minimum socket wall thickness to the minimum wall thickness
of the corresponding SDR and size of pipe or tubing, and the
minimum body wall thickness shall be 125 % of that value.
3.1.5 standard material designation codeThe polybuty-
lene material designation code shall consist of the abbreviation
PB followed by two digits indicating the ASTM type and grade
in Arabic numerals. A third and fourth digit shall be added to
indicate the hydrostatic design stress for water at 23C (73F)
in units of 100 psi.
4. Classication
4.1 Pipe, Tubing, and Socket-Fusion FittingsThis speci-
cation classies PB 2110 pipe, tubing, and socket-fusion
ttings by a single standard dimension ratio that shall be SDR
11 and by a maximum continuous use temperature that shall be
82C (180F), and by nominal pipe or tubing diameters from
1
8
in. through 2 in.
4.2 Plastic-to-Metal Transition FittingsThis specication
classies plastic-to-metal transition ttings intended for use in
systems with PB 2110 tubing and pipe by a maximum use
temperature that shall be 82C (180F) and by nominal sizes
from
1
8 in. through 2 in. on the basis of resistance to burst
pressure and to failure by thermocycling.
4.3 Compression and Mechanical Plastic FittingsThis
specication classies compression-type plastic ttings in-
tended for use in systems with PB 2110 tubing by a maximum
continuous use temperature that shall be 82C (180F) and by
nominal sizes from
1
8 in. through 1 in. on the basis of
resistance to burst pressure and to failure by thermocycling.
5. Materials
5.1 Basic Materials DescriptionPolybutylene plastics
used to make pipe, tubing, and ttings meeting the require-
ments of this specication are categorized by two criteria, basic
short-term properties, and long-term hydrostatic strength. Para-
graphs 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 respectively dene these categories.
5.1.1 Basic Short-Term PropertiesThis specication cov-
ers pipe, tubing, and ttings made from plastic materials
meeting the mechanical strength, melt characteristics, and
density requirements of Type 2, Grade 1 material in Speci-
cation D 2581.
5.1.2 Long-Term Hydrostatic PB StrengthThis specica-
tion covers pipe, tubing, and ttings that are made from
polybutylene resins designated as PB 2110 and further have a
long-term hydrostatic design stress of 500 psi (3.45 MPa) at
82C (180F). Pipe and tubing are also dened on the basis of
long-term hydrostatic strength tests. Fittings are so dened by
hydrostatic sustained pressure tests on tting assemblies re-
quired by this specication (see 6.5) based on the hydrostatic
strength of the corresponding pipe or tubing.
NOTE 2No hydrostatic design stress, as such, exists for ttings until
such time as long-term hydrostatic strength test methods for ttings are
developed.
5.1.3 Plastic ttings and components shall be made from
either polybutylene meeting the mechanical strength, melt
characteristics, and chemical resistance requirements of PB 21
in Specication D 2581, or acetal plastic meeting the require-
ments of Class 1, Grade 1 in Table 1 of Specication D 4181
or chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) (CPVC) meeting the
6
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
7
Available from the American Water Works Association, 6666 W. Quincey Ave.,
Denver, CO 80235.
8
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
9
Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann
Arbor, MI 48113-0140.
D 3309 96a (2002)
2
requirements of cell classication 23447 in Specications
D 1784 and D 3915 with applicable cells.
5.2 Rework MaterialThe manufacturers shall use only
their own clean rework tube or tting material, and the pipe,
tubing, or ttings produced shall meet all the requirements of
this specication.
6. Requirements for Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and ttings shall be homoge-
neous throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign
inclusions, or other defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
physical properties.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
6.2.1 PipeThe outside diameters and wall thicknesses for
pipe and tubing shall meet the requirements given in Table 1
when measured in accordance with Test Method D 2122. The
maximum out-of-roundness requirements shown in Table 1
apply to the average measured diameter after rounding with a
rounding tool approved by the manufacturer. Calculated
SDR-11 tubing wall thicknesses that fall below 0.062 in. (1.6
mm) shall be arbitrarily increased to that value.
6.2.2 Socket-Fusion FittingsFitting sockets inside diam-
eters (waterways) and laying lengths shall meet the require-
ments given in Table 2 and Table 3 when measured in
accordance with Test Method D 2122. The out-of-roundness
requirements shown in Table 2 apply to the average measured
diameter. Calculated SDR 11 tting wall thicknesses that fall
below 0.102 in. (2.6 mm) for the tting socket or 0.128 in. (3.2
mm) for the tting body shall be arbitrarily increased to these
values.
6.2.3 Interference FitThe pipes and tting dimensions
and tolerances in Table 1 and Table 2 provide for socket fusion
joints having an interference t based on the major diameter of
pipe and tubing after rounding with a rounding tool approved
by the manufacturer.
6.3 Plastic-to-Metal Transition Fittings, Mechanical Fit-
tings and Compression Type Plastic FittingsDimensions
shall be compatible with the requirements of Table 1. Compo-
nents shall be corrosion-resistant and assembled in accordance
with the manufacturers instructions.
6.4 Hydrostatic Burst:
6.4.1 Pipe, tubing, and ttings (tested as assemblies) shall
meet the minimum hydrostatic burst requirements shown in
Table 4 when tested in accordance with 7.6.
6.4.2 Socket-type joints heat fused according to the manu-
facturers instructions and conditioned in accordance with 7.1
shall meet the minimum hydrostatic burst requirement shown
in Table 4 when tested in accordance with 7.6.
6.4.3 Plastic-to-metal transition ttings and compression-
type plastic ttings assembled using the manufacturers in-
structions shall meet the minimum hydrostatic burst require-
ment shown in Table 4 when tested in accordance with 7.6.
6.5 Sustained, Hydrostatic Pressure Strength:
6.5.1 Pipe, tubing, and ttings (tested as assemblies) shall
meet the minimum hydrostatic sustained pressure strength
requirements shown in Table 5 when tested in accordance with
7.4.
6.5.2 Socket-type joints heat fused according to the manu-
facturers instructions and conditioned in accordance with 7.1
shall meet the requirements of 6.5.1 when tested in accordance
with 7.4.
6.6 ThermocyclingPlastic-to-metal transition ttings and
compression-type plastic ttings assembled using the manu-
facturers instructions shall not separate or leak when ther-
mocycled 1000 times between the temperatures of 16C (60F)
and 82C (180F) when tested in accordance with 7.5.
NOTE 3Tests applicable to assemblies (6.4-6.6) are intended to be
performance qualication tests and not tests required of each joint.
6.7 Excessive Temperature and Pressure Capability of Tub-
ing and PipeIn the event of a heating system malfunction,
TABLE 1 Outside Diameters, Wall Thicknesses, and Tolerances for PB 21 SDR 11, Plastic Pipe and Tubing
A
Nominal Size Average
Outside Diameter Wall Thickness
B
Tolerance on
Average
Max Out-of-
Round
C
SDR 11
Min Tolerance
Tubing
1
8
3
16
0.250
0.312
60.003
60.003
60.003
60.004
0.040
D
0.062
D
+0.007
+0.010
1
4 0.375 60.003 60.004 0.062
D
+0.010
3
8 0.500 60.003 60.006 0.062
D
+0.010
1
2 0.625 60.004 60.008 0.062
D
+0.010
3
4 0.875 60.004 60.008 0.080 +0.010
1 1.125 60.005 60.010 0.102 +0.010
1
1
4 1.375 60.005 60.010 0.125 +0.013
1
1
2 1.625 60.006 60.012 0.148 +0.015
2 2.125 60.006 60.015 0.193 +0.019
Pipe
3
4 1.050 60.004 60.010 0.095 +0.021
1 1.315 60.005 60.010 0.119 +0.026
1
1
4 1.660 60.005 60.012 0.151 +0.026
1
1
2 1.900 60.006 60.012 0.173 +0.026
2 2.375 60.006 60.012 0.216 +0.026
A
All dimensions are in inches (1 in. = 25.4 mm).
B
The minimum is the lowest wall thickness at any cross section. The maximum permitted wall thickness, at any cross section, is the minimum wall thickness plus the
stated tolerance. All wall tolerances are on the plus side of the minimum requirement.
C
The maximum out-of-roundness apply to pipe or tubing as extruded.
D
For tubing sizes of
1
2 in. and below, wall thickness minimums are not a function of SDR.
D 3309 96a (2002)
3
polybutylene pipe and tubing shall have adequate strength to
accommodate short-term conditions, 48 h of 99C (210F) and
150 psi (1.04 MPa), until repairs can be made. Pipe and tubing
shall be tested in accordance with 7.7.
6.7.1 Hydrostatic Burst StrengthNone of the test speci-
mens shall fail as dened in Test Method D 1599 at a pressure
less than that specied in Table 6.
TABLE 2 Dimensions for Socket Fusion Fittings for PB 21, SDR 11.0 Pipe and Tubing
A,B
Nominal
Size
A Socket Entrance Diameter B Socket Bottom Diameter
C Socket
Length,
min
D Inside
Diameter,
min
Wall Thickness min
C
Entrance,
min
Average
Diameter
Tolerance on
Diameter
Max
Out-of-
Round
D
Average
Diameter
Tolerance on
Diameter
Max
Out-of-
Round
D
E F
EW
EX
EZ
Tubing
3
8 0.485 60.005 60.008 0.481 60.005 60.008 0.500 0.364 0.102 0.128 0.031
1
2 0.605 60.005 60.008 0.601 60.005 60.008 0.500 0.489 0.102 0.128 0.031
3
4 0.845 60.005 60.008 0.839 60.005 60.008 0.625 0.715 0.102 0.128 0.031
1 1.095 60.008 60.010 1.087 60.008 60.010 0.625 0.921 0.102 0.128 0.031
1
1
4 1.340 60.008 60.010 1.332 60.008 60.010 0.687 1.125 0.125 0.156 0.031
1
1
2 1.590 60.008 60.012 1.582 60.008 60.012 0.875 1.329 0.148 0.185 0.031
2 2.085 60.010 60.012 2.074 60.010 60.012 0.875 1.739 0.193 0.241 0.031
Pipe
3
4 1.020 60.008 60.012 1.012 60.008 60.010 0.625 0.920 0.102 0.128 0.031
1 1.275 60.008 60.012 1.267 60.008 60.010 0.687 1.100 0.119 0.149 0.031
1
1
4 1.620 60.008 60.012 1.612 60.008 60.012 0.875 1.300 0.151 0.189 0.031
1
1
2 1.860 60.010 60.012 1.849 60.010 60.012 0.875 1.494 0.173 0.216 0.031
2 2.335 60.010 60.012 2.234 60.010 60.012 0.875 1.933 0.216 0.270 0.031
A
All dimensions are in inches (1 in. = 25.4 mm).
B
All sketches and designs of ttings are illustrative only.
C
The minimum is the lowest wall thickness at any cross section.
D
Maximum out-of-roundness applies to the average measured inside diameter.
TABLE 3 Minimum Dimensions from Center to End of Sockets
PB Socket Fusion Tees and 90Elbows, SDR 11.0 PB Pipe and
Tubing Fittings (Inches)
Nominal Size G, min
Tubing
3
8 0.359
1
2 0.382
3
4 0.507
1 0.633
1
1
4 0.758
1
1
2 0.884
2 1.134
Pipe
3
4 0.750
1 0.875
1
1
4 1.000
1
1
2 1.250
2 1.500
TABLE 4 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Strength Requirements for
PB 21 Component Joints
A
Temperature,
C (F)
Burst Pressure,
MPa (psi)
B
23 (73)
82 (180)
3.03 (440)
1.73 (250)
A
PB 21 joint components shall include: 1. Nominal 1 in. PB 21 Heat fused joints
after conditioning according to 7.1. 2. Nominal
1
2-in. compression-type plastic
ttings. 3. Nominal
1
2-in. plastic-to-metal transition tting.
B
The ber stress used to derive this test pressure is: 15.18 MPa (2200 psi) at
23C (73F) and 8.63 MPa (1250 psi) at 82C (180F).
TABLE 5 Minimum Hydrostatic Sustained Pressure
Requirements for PB 21 SDR 11 Pipe Tubing and Fitting
Assemblies, and Heat-Fused Joints
A
Test Duration, h
Hydrostatic Test Pressure
Air Bath MPa (psi)
B
1000 1.52 (220)
A
Nominal 1-in. PB 21 heat-fused joints after conditioning according to 7.1.
B
The ber stress used to derive this test pressure is 7.57 MPa (1100 psi) at 82C
(180F).
D 3309 96a (2002)
4
6.7.2 Sustained Hydrostatic Pressure None of the test
specimens shall fail as dened in Test Method D 1598 in less
than 1000 h at the pressure specied in Table 6.
6.8 Elongation Value at BreakThe minimum pipe
machine-direction elongation value at break shall exceed or
equal an average of 125 % when samples are tested in
accordance with 7.8.
7. Test Methods for Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
7.1 ConditioningBecause of the crystalline transforma-
tion that takes place after polybutylene resins are cooled from
the melt, it is necessary to delay physical testing until 10 days
after pipe extrusion, molding of ttings, or socket fusion of
joints. During this 10-day period, store the pipe tting or
assembly at temperatures between 4 and 38C (40 and 100F).
Take the test specimens after 8 days and condition at 23 6 2C
(70 to 77F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than
40 h prior to test in accordance with Practice D 618, for those
tests where conditioning is required.
7.2 Test ConditionsConduct the tests in the Standard
Laboratory Atmosphere of 23 6 2C (70 to 77F) and 50 6
5 % relative humidity, unless otherwise specied in the test
methods or in this specication.
7.3 SamplingA sufficient quantity of pipe, tubing, or
ttings, as agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller, shall be
selected from each lot or shipment and tested to determine
conformance with this specication (see Practice D 1898). In
the case of no prior agreement, random samples selected by the
testing laboratory shall be deemed adequate.
7.4 Sustained Hydrostatic PressureDetermine in accor-
dance with Test Method D 1598, except for the following
sections:
7.4.1 Assemble test sections in accordance with manufac-
turers instructions in Appendix X2. Select six specimens at
random.
7.4.2 Condition socket fused joints in accordance with 7.1.
7.4.3 Test temperature shall be 82 6 2C (180 6 4F).
7.4.4 The external test environment shall be air at 82 6 2C
(180 6 4F).
7.4.5 Fill the specimens with water at a temperature of at
least 50C (120F). Condition the specimens lled with water
in air at the test temperature 82 6 2C (180 6 4F) for at least
16 h.
7.4.6 Failure of any one of the six specimens constitutes
failure in the test.
7.5 Thermocycling:
7.5.1 Summary of MethodThis method describes a pass-
fail test for thermally cycling PB plastic-to-metal transition
tting assemblies and compression type plastic ttings over a
critical temperature range for a selected number of cycles while
subjected to a nominal internal pressure. The test provides a
measure of resistance to failure due to the combined effects of
differential thermal expansion and creep for PB plastic-to-
metal transition ttings, mechanical ttings, and compression
plastic ttings intended for continuous use up to and including
82C (180F).
7.5.2 ApparatusA nitrogen or air source capable of main-
taining a nominal internal pressure of 0.69 6 0.069 MPa (100
6 10 psi) on the specimens is required. The immersion system
shall consist of two water reservoirs controlled at 16 6 2C (60
6 4F) and 82 6 2C (180 6 4F). The specimens shall be
cycled from one reservoir to the other or the hot and cold water
shall be alternately cycled over the test specimens automati-
cally and returned to the proper reservoirs.
NOTE 4Automatic cycling may be accomplished by pumping from
each reservoir through a delivery system having timer actuated valves to
a specimen water trough having synchronized, timer actuated return
drains. Any automatic apparatus shall provide for complete immersion of
the test specimen in the trough.
7.5.3 Sampling and Specimen PreparationSelect at ran-
dom six specimens of the type and size of PB 21 plastic-to-
metal transition of compression-type plastic tting to be tested.
Assemble the ttings with suitable lengths of pipe or tubing
meeting the requirements of this specication, and attach to a
common manifold. Assemble strictly according to the instruc-
tions of the tting manufacturer. Close the specimen assembly
with any suitable end closures that allow free-end mounting
and will not leak under the thermocycling conditions, and
connect the specimen assembly to the pressure source.
7.5.4 ProcedurePressurize the specimen assembly with
nitrogen or air to 0.69 6 0.069 MPa (100 6 10 psi). Immerse
in 16 6 2C (60 6 4F) water to determine if there are any
initial leaks. All leaks shall be eliminated before the thermocy-
cling test is started. Thermally cycle the specimen assembly
either manually or automatically and under an internal pressure
of 0.69 6 0.069 MPa (100 6 10 psi), alternately between 16 6
2C (60 6 4F) and 82 6 2C (180 6 4F) by means of
immersion in water using the following test cycle:
Water immersion at 82C (180F) 2 minutes (min)
Air immersion at ambient 2 minutes (max)
Water immersion at 16C (60F) 2 minutes (min)
Air immersion at ambient 2 minutes (max)
Upon the completion of 1000 thermal cycles, immerse the
specimen assembly again in 16 6 2C (60 6 4F) water and
check for any sign of gas leakage. Any evidence of leakage at
the tting or separation of the tting from the pipe or tubing
constitutes a failure.
7.5.5 Interpretation of ResultsFailure of any one of six
specimens tested shall constitute failure of this test.
7.6 Hydrostatic Burst StrengthDetermine the minimum
hydrostatic strength for heat fusion joints, plastic-to-metal
transition ttings, and compression-type plastic ttings at both
23C (73F) and 82C (180F) according to Test Method
D 1599 except as herein specied.
7.6.1 Assembly:
TABLE 6 Minimum Requirements for PB 21 SDR 11 Pipe Tubing
at 99C (210F)
Pressure (MPa) psi
Hydrostatic burst strength
A
(1.45) 210
Sustained hydrostatic internal pressure,
B
1000 h
(1.04) 150
A
The ber stress used to derive this test pressure is 1050 psi (7.25 MPa) at 99C
(210F).
B
The ber stress used to derive this test pressure is 750 psi (5.18 MPa) at 99
(210F).
D 3309 96a (2002)
5
7.6.1.1 Heat-Fused JointsAssemble the joints in accor-
dance with the manufacturers instructions and condition in
accordance with 7.1.
7.6.1.2 Compression-Type Plastic Fittings and Plastic-to-
Metal Transition FittingsAssemble the ttings in accordance
with manufacturers instructions.
7.6.2 ProcedureTest a single specimen assembly contain-
ing at least six joints prepared from PB 21 pipe or tubing, and
ttings meeting the requirements of this specication. After
assembly in accordance with 7.6.1, attach end closures, ll the
specimen assembly with water and condition in water at the
test temperature for 2 h minimum (or in air for 4 h minimum).
In the case of testing at 82C (180F) the sample should be
lled with water of at least 50C (120F) temperature prior to
conditioning. Then test immediately.
7.6.2.1 Increase the internal pressure at a constant rate so as
to reach the maximum burst requirement in 60 to 70 s. Leakage
or separation at any of the joints tested at less than the
minimum hydrostatic burst requirements for either temperature
specied in Table 4 shall constitute failure in this test.
7.7 Excessive Temperature and Pressure Capability of Tub-
ing and Pipe:
7.7.1 Hydrostatic Burst StrengthDetermine the minimum
hydrostatic burst strength for pipe and tubing at 99C (210F)
according to Test Method D 1599.
7.7.2 Hydrostatic Sustained PressureDetermine in accor-
dance with Test Method D 1598, except for the following
requirements:
7.7.2.1 Select six test specimens at random.
7.7.2.2 Condition pipe or tubing in accordance with 7.1.
7.7.2.3 Test temperature shall be 99 6 2C (210 6 4F).
7.7.2.4 The external test environment shall be air.
7.7.2.5 Fill specimens with water at a temperature of 99 6
2C (210 6 4F).
7.7.2.6 Pressurize test specimens to the required pressure
and maintain for 1000 h.
7.8 Elongation Value at Break:
7.8.1 MethodThe method, test equipment, and test report
shall be as specied in Test Method D 1708, using Speed C, 10
to 13 mm/min (0.4 to 0.5 in./min). At least two microtensile
specimens
10
taken 180 from each other from a 3ft length of
pipe shall be a minimum of 10 days old or pressure aged for 10
min at 2070 MPa (30 000 psi), according to Practice F 699.
This method shall be the referee procedure. (An alternative test
method is described in Appendix X4.) If a reading within 10 %
of the minimum results, a retest over ve specimens shall be
taken from the original sample to conrm the reading.
NOTE 5Pipe manufacturers have found that pipe tested within 2 h of
extrusion give elongation at break values correlating within 610 % of
those for aged pipe. These conditions may be considered in developing
elongation values. In the case of disagreement between seller and
purchaser, naturally or pressure-aged samples shall be used.
8. Retest and Rejection
8.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements
of this specication, the tests(s) shall be conducted again only
by agreement between the purchaser and seller. Under such
agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered,
changed, or modied, nor shall specication limits be changed.
If upon retest, failure occurs, the quantity of product repre-
sented by the test(s) does not meet the requirements of this
specication.
9. Marking
9.1 The marking shall be applied in such a manner that it
remains legible (easily read) after installation and inspection.
9.2 Content of Marking:
9.2.1 Manufacturers name or trademark.
9.2.2 Certication mark or seal of the laboratory making the
evaluation for this purpose (see 10.1).
9.2.3 ASTM D 3309 designation.
9.2.4 Material designation in accordance with 3.5 (PB
2110), for polybutylene pipe, tubing and ttings. A for acetal
ttings, AC for acetal copolymer ttings and CPVC 41 for
chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) ttings.
9.2.5 Pressure rating (see Appendix X1) at 82C (180F),
9.2.6 Nominal size,
9.2.7 Standard dimension ratio (SDR 11), and
9.2.8 Acode number identifying the compound and the date
of manufacture.
9.3 Pipe and TubingMarkings 9.2.1-9.2.8 shall be re-
quired on pipe and tubing at intervals of not more than 1.5 m
(5 ft). Markings shall be applied without indentation in some
permanent manner so as to remain legible under normal
handling and installation practice. Pipe and tubing that is
difficult to mark without indenting shall be so marked provided
(1) the marking does not reduce the wall thickness to less than
the minimum value for the pipe or tubing, and (2) it is
demonstrated that these marks have no effect on the long-term
strength of the pipe or tubing.
9.4 Socket-Fusion FittingsMarkings 9.2.1-9.2.3 shall be
required on socket-type ttings, except where size makes such
marking impractical. Where markings are omitted, ttings shall
be identied by some symbol that is dened in the manufac-
turers trade literature. Marking on ttings shall be molded, hot
stamped, or applied in some other permanent manner so as to
remain legible under normal handling and installation practice.
Where recessed marking is used, care shall be taken to see that
wall thicknesses are not reduced below the specied mini-
mums.
9.5 Transition Fittings, Mechanical Fittings, and Compres-
sion Plastic FittingsMarkings 9.2.1-9.2.3 shall be required
on all ttings.
10. Quality Assurance
10.1 When the product is marked with this designation,
D 3309, the manufacturer affirms that the product was manu-
factured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this
specication and has been found to meet the requirements of
this specication.
11. Keywords
11.1 cold and hot water distribution piping; polybutylene
10
Dies are available from M.S. Instrument Co., Castle-on-Hudson, NY and
Testing Machine Inc., Amityville, NY 11701.
D 3309 96a (2002)
6
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
GOVERMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENT
These requirements apply only to federal/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.
S1. Responsibility for InspectionUnless otherwise speci-
ed in the contract or purchase order, the producer is respon-
sible for the performance of all inspection and test require-
ments specied herein. The producer may use his own or any
other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection
and test requirements specied herein, unless the purchaser
disapproves. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any
of the inspections and tests set forth in this specication where
such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that material
conforms to prescribed requirements.
NOTE S1In U.S. federal contracts, the contractor is responsible for
inspection.
S2. Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government Procure-
ment:
S2.1 PackagingUnless otherwise specied in the con-
tract, the materials shall be packaged in accordance with the
suppliers standard practice in a manner ensuring arrival at
destination in satisfactory condition and which will be accept-
able to the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall
comply with Uniform Freight Classication rules or National
Motor Freight Classication rules.
S2.2 MarkingMarking for shipment shall be in accor-
dance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-
129 for military agencies.
NOTE S2The inclusion of U.S. government procurement require-
ments should not be construed as an indication that the U.S. government
uses or endorses the products described in this document.
POTABLE WATER REQUIREMENT
This requirement applies whenever a Regulatory Authority or user calls for product to be used to convey or to be in contact
with potable water.
S3. Potable Water RequirementProducts intended for
contact with potable water shall be evaluated, tested and
certied for conformance with ANSI/NSF Standard No. 61 or
the health effects portion of NSF Standard No. 14 by an
acceptable certifying organization when required by the regu-
latory authority having jurisdiction.
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. HYDROSTATIC DESIGN STRESS
X1.1 Hydrostatic design stresses recommended by the
Plastics Pipe Institute are used to pressure rate PB plastic pipe
and tubing. These design stresses are based on the 100 000-h
hydrostatic strength of the pipe and tubing obtained in accor-
dance with Test Method D 2837. Additional information re-
garding the method of test and other criteria used in developing
these hydrostatic design stresses may be obtained from the
Plastics Pipe Institute, Division of the Society of the Plastics
Industry, 355 Lexington Ave., New York, NY 10017.
X1.2 Independent methods for determining the hydrostatic
design stress of ttings have yet to be developed due to the
complicating effects of tting geometry. Instead, ttings and
assembled systems carry an implied pressure rating equivalent
to that of the corresponding pipe or tubing on the basis of
actual equivalent hydrostatic performance of assembled sys-
tems for periods exceeding 10 000 h. The sustained pressure
requirements of 6.4 for ttings tested as assembled systems are
based on stress rupture data for pipe and tubing.
X1.3 The hydrostatic design stresses and pressure ratings in
Table X1.1 apply to systems assembled from PB 2110SDR 11
components meeting the requirements of this specication.
X1.4 These hydrostatic design stresses are not suitable for
TABLE X1.1 Hydrostatic Design Stresses and Pressure Ratings
for PB 21, SDR 11, Hot Water Distribution Systems
Rated
Tempera-
ture
C(F)
Hydrostatic De-
sign Stress,
MPa (psi)
Pressure Rating
for Water,
MPa (psi)
23 (73.4) 6.89 (1000) 1.38 (200)
60 (140) 5.32 (800) 1.10 (160)
82 (180) 3.45 (500) 0.69 (100)
93 (200) 2.66 (400) 0.55 (80)
D 3309 96a (2002)
7
materials that show a negative departure from a straight line
plot of log stress versus log time to failure. All of the data
available to date on PB materials made in the United States and
tested in the form of pipe tubing or tting assemblies meet this
requirement. Experience of the industry indicates that PB hot
and cold water distribution systems made from components
meeting the requirements of this specication give satisfactory
service under normal conditions at these temperature-pressure
ratings.
X2. DESIGN, ASSEMBLY, AND INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS
X2.1 Design
X2.1.1 Thermal ExpansionThe linear expansion rate for
PB is approximately 1 in./10F temperature change for each
100 ft of pipe or tubing, or 25 mm/5.6C temperature change
for each 30 m of pipe or tubing. When installing long runs of
pipe allow
1
8 to
3
16 in./ft (10 to 14 mm longitudinal clearance
per metre) of run to accommodate thermal expansion. Pipe
should not be anchored rigidly to a support but allowed
freedom of movement to expand and contract.
X2.1.2 Water HeatersComponents covered by this speci-
cation are intended for continuous use at 82C (180F).
Hence they may not be suitable for use with the instantaneous
type (coil or immersion) water heater. They are suitable for use
with storage type water heaters with connections made in an
approved manner.
X2.1.3 SweatingEven though the thermal conductivity of
PB is several orders of magnitude lower than that of metal,
sweating or condensation at a slow rate may occur under
certain temperature and humidity conditions.
X2.1.4 Water Hammer and SurgeA PB hot water system
will withstand repeated pressure surges, well in excess of its
rated pressure, but water hammer arrestors may be advisable
when solenoid valves or other quick closing devices are used in
the system. In designing for such situations it is advisable to
consult the pipe or tting manufacturer for recommended surge
pressure limits. Water hammer and surge pressure calculations
are reviewed in Chapter 7, AWWA Manual M-11, Steel Pipe
Design and Installation.
X2.1.5 Horizontal Support Spacing:
X2.1.5.1 One and Two Family ResidentialThe maximum
recommended spacing between horizontal supports is 32 in.
(800 mm) for all sizes in this specication. Polybutylene piping
should not be rigidly secured to a stud or joist but should be
secured with smooth plastic strap hangers, which permit ease
of movement during expansion/contraction cycles.
X2.1.5.2 Multi Family, Commercial, Industrial, or Other
UsesSupport spacing shall be determined from Table X2.1
and Table X2.2.
X2.2 Assembly
X2.2.1 Socket-Fused Joints:
X2.2.1.1 Interference FitComponents meeting the dimen-
sional requirements of this specication are designed to have
an interference t. Before making a fused joint it is advisable
to check for an interference t between both pipe or tubing and
tting and between heating tool and pipe or tubing and tting
respectively.
X2.2.1.2 Pipe and tubing may be cut to length with tubing
cutters. Tubing cutters with thin cutting wheels designed
specially for plastic are recommended. Where tubing cutters
are not available a saw and mitre box may be used. Burrs and
ridges caused by handling or cutting must be removed before
assembling a joint.
X2.2.1.3 The heat-fusion recommendations of the material
manufacturer, as well as the requirements of this standard, shall
be observed in the performance of such work.
X2.2.1.4 Trained construction personnel and special tools
designed for the purpose shall be used to join PB components
by the heat-fusion method.
X2.2.1.5 The heating tool shall provide adequate heat, and it
shall be capable of being adjusted to a closely controlled
temperature over a range from 191 to 288C (375 to 550F). It
may be heated with gas or electricity.
TABLE X2.1 Horizontal Pipe Support Spacing
A
Nominal Pipe
Size,
Long-Term Deection (in.)
CTS 0.25 0.50 1 2
1 32 38 45 53
1-
1
4 35 42 50 70
1-
1
2 38 46 55 65
2 43 51 60 72
2-
1
2 50 60 72 85
3 55 66 78 93
3-
1
2 59 71 84 100
4 63 75 90 107
IPS
3
4 31 37 44 52
1 35 42 50 59
1-
1
4 39 47 56 66
1-
1
2 42 50 59 70
2 47 56 66 79
2-
1
2 51 61 72 86
3 57 68 80 96
3-
1
2 62 74 89 105
4 63 75 89 106
A
Where aesthetics are a consideration, such as in multi-family residential
potable hot water plumbing applications, it is desired that the 0.25 in. deection
spacing be used. Pipes installed with the higher deections will perform accept-
ably.
TABLE X2.2 Horizontal Pipe Support Spacing Temperature
Adjustment
A
Temperature, F Adjustment Factor (%)
40 106
73 100
110 96
140 92
180 86
A
Apply this temperature adjustment factor for systems designed to operate
continuously at other than 73F.
D 3309 96a (2002)
8
X2.2.1.6 The tool faces (heating surface) shall be made of
suitable material such as aluminum, stainless steel, or bronze
alloys. If they are made from copper or copper alloys, the
surfaces shall be chromium plated. Polytetrauoroethylene
(PTFE) may be used as a coating on metal heating-surfaces to
minimize sticking of heated PB material.
X2.2.1.7 The tool faces must be heated to the temperature
recommended by the PB manufacturer for the specic pipe
sizes to be joined. The heating tool may be equipped with a
thermometer or other temperature-measuring device, or a
crayon-temperature indicator may be used. When a crayon is
used, it shall not be placed in contact with the tool at any place
on its heating surface which will subsequently contact the PB
material to be heated.
X2.2.1.8 The PB surfaces to be heat fused and the tool faces
shall be clean and free of oil, dirt, and other foreign substances.
PB surfaces and metal heating surfaces may be cleaned with
oil-free steel wool or rags. Heating surfaces coated with PTFE
shall be cleaned with rags or tissue paper. Residual PB material
on tool faces shall be removed prior to reuse of the tool.
X2.2.1.9 Step-by-Step Socket Fusion Assembly:
1. The heating equipment shall be designed to accept
various sizes of pipe and socket-tting tool faces.
2. The tool faces for each size of pipe shall consist of one
for the external surface of the pipe and one for the internal
surface of the socket tting. They shall be manufactured to
proper tolerances for close t with the pipe and tting surfaces
to be heated.
3. The pipe and tting shall be of proper size to provide an
interference t during engagement and a sound heat fusion
joint. (See Table 1 and Table 2).
4. Before heating, the pipe shall be marked at a distance
back from its end equal to the depth of the tting socket to
indicate proper extent of pipe penetration during joint makeup.
The pipe or tting manufacturers recommendations shall be
observed in the use of marking devices.
5. For socket fusion of tubing below 0.080-in. wall a metal
insert tting (either stainless steel or brass) shall be placed in
the tubing prior to fusion. The length of the metal insert shall
be at least 3.2 mm (
1
8 in.) longer than the socket depth.
6. After the proper-size tool faces have been heated to the
required temperature, they shall be placed in full contact with
the pipe and tting surfaces to be heated and then held against
the PB surfaces until they have melted sufficiently to cause a
small bead to form on the pipe around the edge of the tool face.
The manufacturer should be consulted for recommended cycles
and temperature for specic pipe sizes.
7. When the engaging surfaces of the joint have properly
melted, the pipe and tting shall be removed simultaneously
from the heating tool and joined immediately. The tting shall
be placed in full contact with the molten surface of the pipe and
held in position under light hand pressure without movement
for about 30 s.
X2.2.2 Plastic-to-Metal TransitionsAssemble in accor-
dance with the manufacturers instructions. Compression-type
transition ttings are likely to include plastic or metal inserts,
and ferrules or O-rings which form an essential part of the
ttings assembly and should not be omitted. Mechanical type
metal connectors are used to combine PB tubing with as-
sembled cone ares to the initial transition ttings in one type
of approved tting.
X2.2.3 Compression Type Fittings:
X2.2.3.1 Insert FittingsAnumber of techniques have been
developed where a plastic or metal tting is rmly secured to
PB pipe or tubing. The tting is placed inside the tube inside
diameter and a tool is employed to crimp a metallic lock ring
around the pipe outside diameter adjacent to the tting. This
provides a mechanical lock with the tubing being wedged
securely between the ring and the insert tting.
X2.2.3.2 Mechanical FittingsA number of tting systems
have been developed which can be described as mechanical
compression type joining. They are comprised of plastic or
metal ttings that provide a seal on the outer surface of
polybutylene tubing. The actual sealing is effected by the
following methods:
(a) (a) Polybutylene cone with metal retainer ring and
threaded plastic nut.
(b) (b) Elastomeric cone with threaded plastic or metal nut.
(c) (c) Plastic sleeve with metal retainer ring and threaded
plastic nut.
(d) Metal or plastic ferrule with a threaded nut.
(e) Plastic tting with internal elastomeric seal, plastic
gasket, and metal retainer ring; or deformable plastic compres-
sion ring and nut.
The above compression type ttings should be assembled in
accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.
X2.2.3.3 Cold FlaringUtilize a cold aring tool wherein
the pipe outside diameter is expanded mechanically. The
expanded or ared end is then secured between a plastic or
metal tting. Flare conguration may vary depending on the
particular tool employed. The ared surface generally serves as
the sealing area between the pipe and tting.
X2.3 Installation
X2.3.1 Storage and HandlingPB pipe tubing and t-tings
should be stored under cover to avoid unnecessary dirt accu-
mulation and longterm exposure to sunlight. Pipe and tubing
can be stored in coils of number size and length recommended
by the manufacturer. Care should be used in handling to ensure
that unnecessary abuse such as abrasion on concrete or
crushing is avoided.
X2.3.2 Pressure TestingA socket-fused system is gener-
ally ready for pressure testing with cold potable water (not to
exceed 38C (100F)) 15 min after the joint has cooled to room
temperature. A short-term pressure test at 0.69 MPa (100 psi)
on the system excluding the hot water heater is advisable to
ensure that all joints have been fused, and to test for joint
leakage.
X2.3.2.1 Field pressure testing polybutylene systems should
be in accordance with manufacturers instructions. The testing
is not intended to assure long term performance. Manufacturers
can only warrant systems installed according to their instruc-
tions.
NOTE X2.1A socket-fused system should be allowed to age for 24 h
prior to use of design pressure and temperature. Mechanical compression
joints should be used for repairs in a system where it is desirable to
repressurize immediately.
D 3309 96a (2002)
9
X2.3.3 RepairsIf a leak is discovered, that portion of the
system should be drained and the joint and tting should be cut
out. The pipe should be thoroughly dried and a mechanical
tting should be installed using couplings and short lengths of
pipe.
X2.3.4 Soldering in the AreaSoldered metal joints should
not be made closer than 460 mm (18 in.) to an installed
plastic-to-metal adapter in the same water line.
X3. OPTIONAL PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION AND IN-PLANT QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM FOR PB HOT-WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
X3.1 Scope
X3.1.1 The following program covers performance quali-
cation and in-plant quality control for component design and
manufacture respectively to provide reasonable assurance that
PB hot-water distribution system components supplied under
this specication shall consistently meet its requirements.
X3.2 Performance Qualications
X3.2.1 Performance qualication tests shall be run initially
on each component design, size, and formulation according to
the requirements of this specication. The test results shall be
independently certied and shall be made available to the
purchaser on request.
X3.3 In-Plant Quality Control
X3.3.1 MaterialThe pipe tubing and ttings shall be
manufactured only from PB 2110 materials as dened in
Section 4 of this specication. The manufacturer shall so
certify.
X3.3.2 Quality Control TestingPipe, tubing, and tting
quality control tests shall be run for each extrusion line or mold
cavity in accordance with the requirements of this specication
at a frequency agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufac-
turer. The program outlined in Table X3.1 is recommended.
The test results shall be recorded and led for inspection on
request. Should a component fail to meet the specication in
any test, production should be sampled back to the previous
acceptable test result and tested to determine which compo-
nents produced in the interim do not meet the requirement.
Components that do not meet the requirements of this speci-
cation shall be rejected.
X3.3.3 MarkingA code number shall be included on the
pipe and tubing that can be used to identify the manufacturer
and the date of manufacture. Fittings shall be marked to
identify the manufacturer and shall be coded or placed in dated
containers to show the date of manufacture.
X4. OPTIONAL TEST METHOD FOR ELONGATION VALUE AT BREAK
X4.1 IntroductionBecause a tensiometer is costly and not
readily available at most pipe extruder plants, a simplied
quality control procedure has been established. A machinist
vise modied as shown in Fig. X4.1 to allow clamping of
die-cut microtensile specimen shall be used. The draw rate
shall be uniform and approximately 10 to 13 mm (0.4 to 0.5
in.)/min. Microtensile specimens cut from pipe shall be a
minimum of 10 days old or pressure aged for 10 min at 2070
MPa (30 000 psi), according to Practice F 699. (In view of the
greater dependence on the operator in this optional method, in
case of disagreement, Test Method D 1708 is the referee
procedure.)
X4.2 ProcedureDie cut at least two microtensile speci-
mens, as in Test Method D 1708, from a 3 ft length of 10 day
old or pressure aged pipe, following the sampling procedure
given in 7.8.1. Mount the specimen in the machinist vise as
shown in Fig. X4.1. The shoulder of the tensile specimen shall
be in line with the vise jaw faces. Tighten the grips evenly and
rmly to the degree necessary to prevent slippage of the
specimen during the test, but not to the point where the
specimen would be crushed. Before extending vise, measure
the distance between jaw faces (gage length) with calipers or
other measuring device to 6 0.050 mm (6 0.002 in.). Extend
the vise at approximately 13 mm (0.5 in.)/min jaw separation
until rupture. Record the extension between jaws at rupture to
60.050 mm (60.002 in.). Test remaining specimens in the
same manner. Calculate the percentage elongation at break by
dividing the change in gage length at rupture of specimen by
the original distance between jaw faces (gage length) and
multiply by 100. Report material identication, conditioning
procedure, number of specimens tested, average value of
percent elongation to three signicant gures, standard devia-
tion (if desired), and date of test.
X4.3 Product Quality ControlIt is recommended that 2
samplings per 8 h be made per pipe per extrusion outlet. Test
results shall be recorded and led for inspection, on request.
TABLE X3.1 Suggested Quality Control Program
Component Property Frequency Method
Pipe and tubing outside diameter
wall thickness
burst pressure
hourly
hourly
8 h
6.2.2.1
6.2.2.2
7.6
Socket-type ttings socket diameter
burst pressure
hourly
8 h
6.2.3.1
7.6
Compression-type plastic
ttings
burst pressure 8 h 7.6
Plastic-to-metal transition
ttings
burst pressure 8 h 7.6
D 3309 96a (2002)
10
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FIG. X4.1 Thin Wall Polybutylene Pipe Quality Control Use of Machinist Vise
D 3309 96a (2002)
11