Circling

Presented by
David Owens / Senior Director Training Policy
17th Flight Safety Conference Rome, 21-24 March 2011
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
What is the issue?
What are the rules?
How should we fly a circle to land?
Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
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17th Flight Safety Conference
What is the issue?
Circling approach is nothing new always a challenge
Used to be frequent and normal operations
Today, not as frequent and no longer recurrent training
for everyone
Is this a risk?
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What is a circling approach?
When landing runway is different from instrument
approach RWY
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
What is the issue?
What are the rules?
How should we fly a circle to land?
Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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45 45
Circling approach rules
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Circling approach rules
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What about the missed approach?
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AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
What is the issue?
What are the rules?
How should we fly a circle to land?
Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Rules especially protected area FAA vs J AA
Reference source Airbus. FCOM, FCTM, BG
Airbus published references
45
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Standard Circling Approach
Approach preparation
Chart protected area/terrain
Approach configuration / MDA
Preparation of SEC F-PLN (Copy active,
change runway to actual landing runway)
Optimum use of ND
45
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Standard Circling Approach
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Standard Circling Approach
Instrument Approach
Gear down, conf 3
For an ILS use FD in HDG/VS
NPA = TRK/FPA
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Standard Circling Approach
At MDA for circling
Level off and fly not lower than MDA
(Anticipation, use of AP)
Push to level off or press ALT
Select TRK/FPA
Arm 45 degree track
If visual: join downwind (visual?)
Pull HDG for track
If not visual; Go-around
45
The pilot is able to
determine his aircrafts
position in relation to
the runway with the aid
of the external
references. IEM to
Appendix 1 to J AR-OPS
1.430, 4.2 and 3.2
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Standard Circling Approach
Timing for Circling
30 seconds from wings level
Adjust for strong Head or Tail wind
Use of ND
Visual exercise timings are approximate
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When the secondary flight plan is activated, the valid
missed approach procedure is no longer available.
In case of GO AROUND, it must be flown in SELECTED
mode as briefed.
NAV
Standard Circling Approach
Downwind
Maintain visual (Lateral distance and Track)
Adjust Track for wind as necessary
Activate SEC F-PLN (Keep DISCONTINUITY)
Disconnect AP and remove FD when appropriate
(at the latest before any further descent)
45
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ABM
Standard Circling Approach
Downwind Abeam
Start time abeam threshold (3 sec per 100 ft)
What about airspeed/tail wind?
Visual exercise timings are approximate
Use ND
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2.5 Nm offset?
Position downwind?
Track downwind?
Abeam Threshold?
Tailwind for timing?
Crosswind?
Terrain?
Use of ND for Situational Awareness
45 45
VISUAL, all timings are approximate,
use ND as a guide ONLY
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Standard Circling Approach
Final turn
Initially, maintain 25 bank
Maintain altitude until runway threshold identified
Set LDG configuration when appropriate
Stable by 400ft AAL
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Standard Circling Approach
45
400 ft AAL
stabilized
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Standard Circling Approach
400 ft AAL
stabilized
It is expected that the pilot
will make an initial climbing
turn toward the landing
runway and overhead the
aerodrome where he will
establish the aeroplane in a
climb on the missed
approach track.
IEM to Appendix 1 to J AR-OPS
1.430, 3.1
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Be aware of exceptions
Remember, in case of missed
approach
Always fly the go-around of the
initial instrument approach.
Pilot is expected to manoeuvre
to enable this but always
within the protected area
45
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What about Engine Out?
In case of Engine Out
All aircraft ref QRH
Check table for weight (320/330)
Delay gear
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If the approach is flown at less than 750 ft
RA, the L/G NOT DOWN warning will be
triggered can be cancelled.
The TOO LOW GEAR warning will be
triggered below 500 ft RA.
NAV
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Use of NAV?
Standard circle to land is visual,
NO Pilot WPTs
NO NAV
NO AP below Circling minima
NAV
45
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
17th Flight Safety Conference
What is the issue?
What are the rules?
How should we fly a circle to land?
Conclusions
Content
Rome, 21-24 March 2011
AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
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17th Flight Safety Conference
Conclusion
Airbus recommends all operators examine their
operation and training regarding circling approach
What about RNP?
45
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17th Flight Safety Conference
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