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Ejercicio 1
Determinar las constantes de la Ecuacin de Antoine
para representar los coeficientes de equilibrio de fases de la siguiente mezcla:
Datos:
Componente
propano
n - butano
n - pentano
n - hexano
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Temperatura:
R: 30 - 160 C
Presin:
689.5 Kpa
Los valores de K han sido obtenidos de la Grfica 7.5, p.277, del texto de Henley & Seader
Tabla n 1
T
30
80
160
Valores de K
Propano
n - butano
1.6
0.49
3.55
1.35
7.6
3.9
n -pentano
0.15
0.56
2.1
n - hexano
0.054
0-25
1.2
Resolucin:
Para calcular las constantes de Antoine se emplean las siguientes ecuaciones:
K2
T T2
K1
x 3
K3
T 2 T1
ln
K2
ln
(T 3 C ) * (T1 C ) * ln
B
T 3 T1
C
K3
K1
T1 T3
1
A ln K 2
B
T2 C
Tabla n 2
Resultados
T
30
80
160
Zi
C
B
A
Propano
1.60
3.55
7.60
0.10
1.68
162.555
744.431
4.33606
n - butano
0.49
1.35
3.90
0.20
1.53
215.986
1475.76
5.28602
n -pentano
0.15
0.56
2.10
0.30
1.59
188.631
1547.34
5.18025
n - hexano
0.05
K1
0.25
K2
1.20
K3
0.40
1.56
200.849
1987.13
5.68913
ln K 2 A (
Componente
Propano
n - butano
n- pentano
n-hexano
B
)
T1 C
K (hallado)
1.60
0.49
0.15
0.05
Ejercicio 2
Determinar la temperatura de Roco
Ecuaciones necesarias:
F (v )
Zi * ( Ki 1)
1 ( Ki 1)v
F (1)
Zi * ( Ki 1)
Zi * ( Ki 1)
Zi
1
1 ( Ki 1)
Ki
Ki
T roco
F(1) = 0
mayor
Zi
Ki 1
Ecuacin de Antoine
ln K A
Zi
A
B
C
B
T C
T(roco) estimada
110 C
Con las constantes de Antoine se determinan los valores de Ki
Componente
Zi
Ki
Zi/Ki
C3
0.1
4.97663715 0.02009389
C4
0.2
2.13604165 0.09363113
C5
0.3
0.99880605 0.30035861
C6
0.4
0.49487042 0.8082924
Sumatoria
1.22237604
ITER 2
T(roco) estimada
115
Componente
C3
C4
C5
C6
Sumatoria
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Ki
5.22762651
2.28723117
1.08777034
0.5475714
Zi/Ki
0.01912914
0.08744197
0.27579351
0.73049834
1.11286296
ITER 3
T(roco) estimada
120
Componente
C3
C4
C5
C6
sumatoria
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Ki
5.4817202
2.44414197
1.18138812
0.60397678
Zi/Ki
0.01824245
0.08182831
0.25393856
0.66227711
1.01628643
Punto de Roco
Temp
110
115
120
1.25
Sumatoria
1.2
1.15
Linear ()
1.1
1.05
y = -0.0206x + 3.4862
R = 0.9987
1
0.95
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
Temperatura, C
ITER 4
Ki
5.52776859
2.47299099
1.198736
0.6145313
Zi/Ki
0.01809048
0.08087373
0.25026361
0.65090256
1.00013038
120.9
Zi
0
Ki
R (t )
Z
K
Bi
K i exp Ai
t Ci
Bi
K i
Ki
2
T
t Ci
dR dR dK
dK Z
i2
dt dK dt
dt Ki
z
Bi
dR
i
dt
K i (t C i ) 2
T nuevo T
R (t )
dR / dt
T inicial
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
100
Ki
4.48494598
1.85092683
0.8346752
0.40013859
Tnuevo
Componente
Zi
C3
0.1
C4
0.2
C5
0.3
C6
0.4
Sumatoria
116.067381
Ki
5.28161693
2.32024864
1.10736368
0.559298
Tnuevo
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
120.628657
Ki
5.51387565
2.46427385
1.19348976
0.61133617
Tnuevo
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
120.906401
Ki
R(t)
dR/dt
5.52809645 0.01808941 -0.00016759
2.47319685
0.080867 -0.00105149
1.19885993 0.25023774 -0.00404122
0.61460682 0.65082259 -0.01249215
1.6734E-05 -0.01775245
Tnuevo
Componente
Zi
C3
0.1
120.907344
Ki
R(t)
dR/dt
5.52814473 0.01808925 -0.00016759
Componente
C3
C4
C5
C6
Sumatoria
ITER 2
ITER 3
Componente
C3
C4
C5
C6
Sumatoria
ITER 4
Componente
C3
C4
C5
C6
Sumatoria
ITER 5
R(t)
0.02229681
0.10805397
0.35942125
0.99965363
0.48942567
dR/dt
-0.00024078
-0.00159706
-0.0066758
-0.02194718
-0.03046082
R(t)
0.0189336
0.08619766
0.27091371
0.71518225
0.09122721
dR/dt
-0.00018156
-0.00115371
-0.00451519
-0.01414991
-0.02000037
R(t)
0.01813606
0.08115981
0.2513637
0.65430449
0.00496406
dR/dt
-0.00016836
-0.00105704
-0.0040667
-0.01258069
-0.01787279
C4
C5
C6
Sumatoria
0.2
0.3
0.4
Tnuevo
2.47322716
1.19887819
0.61461794
120.907344
0.08086601
0.25023393
0.65081081
1.9169E-10
-0.00105147
-0.00404113
-0.01249185
-0.01775205
Sumatoria
1.2223
1.1129
1.0163
Ejercicio 3
Calculo de la Temperatura de Burbuja
Ecuaciones necesarias:
F (v )
Zi * ( Ki 1)
1 ( Ki 1)v
Zi*Ki1
F(0) = 0
menor
G(t ) Z i K i 1 0
Bi
K i
Ki
2
T
t Ci
Bi
K i exp Ai
Ci
dG
dG dK
dt
dK
dt
dG
dt
z K
i
dK
Zi
dt
Bi
(t C i ) 2
Temp =
Componente
Propano
n-butano
n-pentano
n-hexano
SUMA
T nuevo
G (t )
dG / dt
n-pentano
0.3
5.18025
1547.34
188.631
n-hexano
0.4
5.68913
1987.13
200.849
G(t)
0.2694276
0.18812556
0.10569873
0.05812886
-0.37861924
Tnuevo
dG/dt
0.00404941
0.00364493
0.00264573
0.00169762
0.01203769
91.452824
60
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Ki
2.69427603
0.9406278
0.35232911
0.14532216
ITER 2
ITER 3
ITER 4
Temp =
Componente
Propano
n-butano
n-pentano
n-hexano
SUMA
91.452824
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Ki
4.07682936
1.62554885
0.70870892
0.32986137
G(t)
0.40768294
0.32510977
0.21261268
0.13194455
0.07734993
Tnuevo
dG/dt
0.00470384
0.00507608
0.00419371
0.0030687
0.01704234
86.9141315
Temp =
Componente
Propano
n-butano
n-pentano
n-hexano
SUMA
86.9141315
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Ki
3.86514588
1.51273476
0.64706456
0.29632265
G(t)
0.38651459
0.30254695
0.19411937
0.11852906
0.00170997
Tnuevo
dG/dt
0.00462335
0.00486642
0.00395612
0.00284434
0.01629022
86.8091626
Temp =
Componente
Propano
n-butano
n-pentano
n-hexano
SUMA
86.8091626
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Ki
3.86029381
1.51018192
0.64568128
0.2955769
G(t)
0.38602938
0.30203638
0.19370438
0.11823076
9.0772E-07
Tnuevo
dG/dt
0.00462143
0.00486158
0.00395067
0.00283925
0.01627293
86.8091068
Ejercicio 4
Calculo de la Vaporizacin Instantnea Isotrmica
En este problema se conoce la temperatura, la presin y la fraccin de cada componente en la
alimentacin. Se requiere determinar la fraccin del flujo de alimentacin vaporizada (V)
as como las fracciones de cada componente en las fases lquida y vapor.
Se emplear el mtodo de Newton para los clculos iterativos.
Datos del Problema
Temperatura
366.5 K
Presin
689.5 kPa
COMPONENTE
Zi
Ki
Propano
0.1
4.2
n-butano
0.2
1.75
n-pentano
0.3
0.74
n-hexano
0.4
0.34
SUMA
Referencia.- Henley, Ernest & J.D. Seader, Equilibrium Stage Separation Operations
in Chemical Engineering , Wiley, 1981, p. 278
Determinacin de la existencia de dos fases
Para ello se calculan F(0) y F(1) para determinar si existen dos fases en el sistema:
F (0) zi Ki 1
COMPONENTE
C3
N-C4
N-C5
N-C6
SUMA
Zi
F(0)
0.13
F (1) 1 ( zi /Ki )
Ki
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Zi.Ki
4.2
1.75
0.74
0.34
F(1)
0.42
0.35
0.222
0.136
1.128
Zi/Ki
0.02380952
0.11428571
0.40540541
1.17647059
1.71997123
-0.72
zi ( K i 1)
0
1 ( K i 1)V
V nuevo V
zi ( Ki 1) 2
dF
0
dV
[1 ( Ki 1)V ]2
F (V )
dF / dV
Estimado Inicial
COMPONENTE
Zi
C3
0.1
N-C4
0.2
N-C5
0.3
N-C6
0.4
SUMA
COMPONENTE
C3
N-C4
N-C5
N-C6
SUMA
Zi
COMPONENTE
C3
N-C4
N-C5
N-C6
SUMA
Zi
COMPONENTE
C3
N-C4
N-C5
N-C6
SUMA
Zi
Ki
4.2
1.75
0.74
0.34
Ki
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
4.2
1.75
0.74
0.34
Ki
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
4.2
1.75
0.74
0.34
Ki
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
4.2
1.75
0.74
0.34
V0=
F(V)
0.12307692
0.10909091
-0.08965517
-0.39402985
-0.25151719
0.5
DF/DV
-0.15147929
-0.05950413
-0.0267935
-0.38814881
-0.62592573
Vnuevo
F(V)
0.2435059
0.13971349
-0.08004298
-0.28228974
0.02088666
0.09816768
DF/DV
-0.59295121
-0.09759929
-0.02135626
-0.19921874
-0.91112551
Vnuevo
F(V)
0.23063172
0.13751138
-0.08053557
-0.28693173
0.00067581
0.12109169
DF/DV
-0.53190992
-0.09454691
-0.02161993
-0.20582455
-0.8539013
Vnuevo
F(V)
0.23021152
0.1374366
-0.08055268
-0.28709472
7.1153E-07
0.12188313
DF/DV
-0.52997343
-0.09444409
-0.02162912
-0.20605845
-0.85210509
Vnuevo
0.12188396
COMPONENTE
C3
N-C4
N-C5
N-C6
SUMA
K i zi
1 ( K i 1)V
Zi
xi y i / K i
Ki
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
4.2
1.75
0.74
0.34
Yi
0.3022
0.3207
0.2293
0.1479
1.0000
Xi
0.0719
0.1832
0.3098
0.4350
1.0000
Ejercicio 5
Calculo de la Vaporizacin Instantnea No Isotrmica
En este problema se conoce la la fraccin vaporizada (V), la presin y la fraccin de cada
componente en la alimentacin. Se requiere determinar la Temperatura a la cual se logra V
as como las fracciones de cada componente en las fases lquida y vapor.
Se emplear el mtodo de Newton para los clculos iterativos.
Datos del Problema
V
Presin
Zi
A
B
C
0.3
689.5 kPa
Fraciones de alimentacin y constantes de Antoine
Propano
n-butano
n-pentano
n-hexano
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
4.33606
5.28602
5.18025
5.68913
744.431
1475.76
1547.34
1987.13
162.555
215.986
188.631
200.849
Ecuaciones Necesarias
G (T )
dG (T )
dT
z i ( K i 1)
0
i 1 )V
1 (K
zi
K i
2
T 1 ( K i 1)V
K i
Bi
Ki
2
T
t Ci
Entonces resulta:
zi K i
dG(T )
2
dT
1 ( K i 1)V
Tnuevo T
Bi
2
(t Ci )
G(T )
dG(T ) / dT
T inicial
Componente
Zi
C3
n-C4
n-C5
n-C6
SUMA
94
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Ki
G(T)
4.19719765 0.16319233
1.69094724 0.11446307
0.74488831 -0.08287632
0.34981403 -0.32309616
-0.12831709
dG/dT
0.00123675
0.00356347
0.00507594
0.0049362
0.01481236
ITER 2
ITER 3
ITER 4
Componente
C3
n-C4
n-C5
n-C6
SUMA
Componente
C3
n-C4
n-C5
n-C6
SUMA
Tnuevo
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Tnuevo
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Tnuevo
Componente
Zi
C3
n-C4
n-C5
n-C6
SUMA
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
102.662841
Ki
G(T)
4.61445505 0.17341034
1.92459376
0.1447643
0.87659888 -0.03844353
0.42401132 -0.27852336
0.00120775
dG/dT
0.0011241
0.00342863
0.00517144
0.00534672
0.01507089
102.582703
Ki
G(T)
4.61054191 0.17332022
1.92235285 0.14448948
0.87531842 -0.03885793
0.42327878 -0.27895169
7.3363E-08
dG/dT
0.00112509
0.00342997
0.00517085
0.00534315
0.01506906
102.582698
Ki
G(T)
4.61054167 0.17332021
1.92235271 0.14448947
0.87531835 -0.03885796
0.42327874 -0.27895172
0
dG/dT
0.00112509
0.00342997
0.00517085
0.00534315
0.01506906
Tnuevo
102.582698
La temperatura a la cual se alcanza un 30 % de vaporizacin es de 102,6 C.
Composicin de las Fases Vapor y Lquido
Ecuaciones empleadas
yi
K i zi
1 ( K i 1)V
Componente
C3
n-C4
n-C5
n-C6
SUMA
Temperatura
Zi
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
xi y i / K i
102.58 C
Ki
4.6105
1.9224
0.8753
0.4233
Yi
0.2213
0.3011
0.2728
0.2047
1.0000
Xi
0.0480
0.1567
0.3117
0.4837
1.0000