Monomer Env Impact Study

Environmental
Impact
Assessment for
Monomer
Chemical Ind.
Pvt. Ltd.
(Unit II)
Synthetic Dye & dye
Intermediate
Prepared By :

M/s. Sadekar Enviro Engineers
Pvt. Ltd.
Pre Mansoon data (Feb 2011- May 2011)

Revised By

M/s Monomer Chemicals Industries
Pvt. Ltd.
(Unit No - II)
Plot No. K-4, Additional Ambernath MIDC,
Anandnagar, Ambernath (E),
Dist. : Thane

May - 2012

Revised
After 54
th

Meeting
Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment
1

CONTENTS
1.THEPROJECT....................................................................................................................................................4
1.1FACILITIESATPROJECTSITE .................................................................................................................................4
1.2MANUFACTURINGPROCESSDYES.......................................................................................................................8
1.3FASTBLUEBBASE ................................................................................................................................................8
1.4PHTHALOGENBLUEIBN.......................................................................................................................................8
1.5REACTIVEDYES: ...................................................................................................................................................9
1.6VATDYES..............................................................................................................................................................9
2ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................23
2.1ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................................23
2.2AIRENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................................24
2.3NOISEENVIRONMENT .............................................................................................................................................24
2.4WATERENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................25
2.5LANDENVIRONMENT ..............................................................................................................................................25
2.6BIOLOGICALENVIRONMENT......................................................................................................................................25
2.7SOCIOECONOMIC&HEATHENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................25
3.BASELINEENVIRONMENTALSTATUSANDIDENTIFICATIONOFIMPACTS.......................................................28
3.1AIRENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................................28
3.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT.......................................................................................................................................39
3.3WATERENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................42
3.4LANDENVIRONNENT ...............................................................................................................................................61
3.5ECOLOGICAL&BIOLOGICALENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................80
3.6SOCIOECONOMICENVIRONMENT ...........................................................................................................................101
4.PREDICTIONOFIMPACTS ............................................................................................................................110
4.1 AIRENVIRONMENT........................................................................................................................................110
4.2 NOISEENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................112
4.3 WATERENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................................115
4.4 LANDENVIRONMENT.....................................................................................................................................115
4.5BIOLOGICALENVIRONMENT....................................................................................................................................116
4.6SOCIOECONOMICENVIRONMENT ...........................................................................................................................116
5.ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSTATEMENT........................................................................................................124
6.ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN......................................................................................................127
7RISKASSESSMENTANDDISASTERMANAGEMENTPLAN...............................................................................151
2

7.1RISKASSESSMENT.................................................................................................................................................151
7.2DISASTERMANAGEMENTPLAN.......................................................................................................................177
8.MATERIALSAFETYDATASHEETLIST ............................................................................................................187

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1.THEPROJECT
M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. (Unit 2), Ambernath has been
proposed New Dye Intermediate Manufacturing plant. The main product of the
proposed project is Synthetic Organic Dyes & Dye Intermediates. Capacity of proposed
manufacturing project is 2100 MT/ Annum. The MIDC Plot No. K-4, owned by M/s.
Kashya Textile Ltd. has been purchased by Monomer with ready setup inclusive of
factory building, water supply, electricity supply drainage facility etc.
The capital investment of proposed project is Rs. 8.0 Crore. The project details at
a glance were furnished in Table 1.1 & 1.2.
1.1FACILITIESATPROJECTSITE
The plant have wide facilities like gate house, Quality control lab, Dispatch
center, Utility and change Room, Raw material store (chem.), Engg. Workshop, Scrap
Yard Store Area, Kitchen (Canteen), Cooling tower, Boiler, Over head water storage
tank, Production Building, Office, Packaging Room & Finished Products store room,
Hazardous waste storage area, Effluent Treatment Plant, Waste water analysis lab. The
overall plot plan is shown in Fig. 1.1 .

The details of all equipment & Area distribution are shown in Table 1.3 & Table
1.4. The industry has good employment facility. The details of employment are shown
in Table 1.5 & Table 1.6.

5

SITE PHOTOGRAPH OF PROPOSED PROJECT
(EXISTING STUCTURE OF KASHA TEXTILE)


6

SITE PHOTOGRAPH OF PROPOSED PROJECT
(EXISTING STUCTURE OF KASHA TEXTILE)

7


8

1.2MANUFACTURINGPROCESSDYES

1.3FASTBLUEBBASE
1. Add ONA to the mixture of methanol, caustic and dichlone in 2-3 hours.
Maintain the reaction mass for 6 hrs. Then add formaldehyde in 5 hrs and
maintain. Filter methanol layer to obtain wet cake. Recover methanol by
distillation and use for next batches
2. Add the resultant wet cake to the mixture of cold dilute sulphurinc acid and thio
urea. Stir for 1 hr to complete the reaction. Isolate the product by HCL and salt.
Filter isolated product to get wet cake
3. Neutralise the wet cake with soda ash. Filter and wash. Dry and blend to obtain
Fast Blue B Base.

1.4PHTHALOGENBLUEIBN
Stage I: (A) Metal Phthalocyanines
Nitrobenzene solvent is charged in a vessel, it is dried for 2 hrs to remove traces
of water. Then phtahlic anhydride is charged along with carbamide . The metal
salt is then charged along with ammonium chloride and heated upto 175 degrees
centigrade. After the reaction. Solvent is recovered and the crude dry material is
obtained. This crude is then purified by treating with sulphuric acid 5 % at 90
o

C, filtered and washed acid free, dried and pulverized and CoPC obtained is
used for next stage-II
Stage II: (B) Phthalogen Blue IBN (Final Product)
The CoPC is chlorinated with Cl
2
gas in presence of ODCB at room tempreture.
After completion of reaction the unreacted Cl2 gas is scrubbed in scrubber by
circulating alkaline water. The above reaction mass is aminated with amine in
presence of methanol as solvent at room temperature. After completion of
reaction, recover the solvent by simple distillation. After recovery of methanol
the reaction mass is cooled to 25 degrees centigrade, filtered and centrifuged. The
filter is collected in storage receiver and recycled for further batches. Solid
9

product loaded to tray dryer after and pulverizing the material is sent for testing,
standardization tone adjustment, dilution etc and packaging for dispatch
1.5REACTIVEDYES:

The base of dye is formed by diazotization of amino compound with hydrochloric
acid & Sodium Nitrite at 0-5 C .Then above diazo compound is coupled with
another suitable compound in solution form at neutral PII.
The base is then first condensed with cynuric Chloride and then with alkaline amine
compound at neutral pH and 40 C 45 C temperature. The final dye in solution
formed is then clarified through filter press to remove insoluble objects if any, the
clear dye liquid of neutral pH is taken for spray drying and dried at suitable
temperature. The powder dye obtained is then standardized for shade, strength and
tone against standard product in blender or ball mill.
The finished products is then discharged

1.6VATDYES
Vat dyes are having high all round fastness properties when applied to cellulose
fibers. They are marked in a range of physical forms such as ultra cone, powder and
micro disperse. They are supplied in water insoluble form. We have imported vat
dyes crude, crude means highly concentrated. This crude dyestuff is mixed with
required quantity of dispersing agent (Sodium Lignin Sulphonate- Borresperse 3 A).
Together with Naphthalene sulphonate & sequesting agent for & hours to get
smooth homogeneous suspense. This suspension is then sand milled using galss
beads for particle size reduction.
After achieving required size the slurry is sieved & standardized using Napthalene
sulphonates for necessary shade & strength.
The standardized slurry is finally spray dried & packed as finished goods.
10

Detail of Proposed Solvent Recovery System :
Process Detail :
The solvents will be recover and reuse for the process. The fixed volume of Spent
solvent shall be charge into the SS reactor for recovery and heated, to distil out
collected in receiver. The residue left in the reactor shall be drain in open HDPE
drum. The small quantity of solid waste material (Tar Type material) may be float
on top surface and which will be taken out and collected in drums /containers. The
washing effluent shall be drain to E.T.P. for further treatment & the solid wastes are
shall be dispose through CHWTSDF.

11

Schematic Enclosed:

S.S Reactor
Residue
H.D.P.EDrum
LiquidWaste(i.eWater)
Condenser
S.SReceiver
Recovered
Solvents
Spent
Solvent
Solidwaste
Reflux
12

TABLE: 1.1 : PRODUCT MANUFACTURED IN PROPOSED PROJECT

Sr. No Name of Product
Proposed Production
Capacity
1
Synthetic Organic Dyes &
Intermediates
2100 MT/Annum
13

TABLE 1.2 : RAW MATERIAL USED IN PROPOSED PROJECT
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DYES & INTERMEDIATES = 2100 MT/A
Sr. No.
List Of The Raw Materials Used At
All Stages Of Manufacture
Raw Material Utilization
(MT/Annum) for Full
Consumption Capacity
1 NMJ Acid 25
2 S.Tobias Acid 35
3 Caustic Soda (Flakes) 40
4 Hydrochloric Acid 90
5 Sodium Nitrite 60
6 Acetic Anhydride 25
7 Soda Ash 120
8 Salt Fine 250
9 Cynuric Chloride 30
10 Liquor Ammonia 30
11 Sulphamic Acid 1
12 Vinyl Sulphone Ester 145
13 S.P.C.P. 150
14 H. Acid 10
15 Orthanilic Acid 3
16 O. T. Liquid 1.5
17 MPDSA 6
18 DASDA 2
19 Sodium Bi Carbonate 10
20 K.Acid 10
21 MUA 5
22 Oil H.S. 2
23 BDSA 1
24 Metanilic Acid 10
25 MOP 15
14

Sr. No.
(MT/Annum) for Full
26 Octanol 4
27 Tobias Acid 20
28 5-Sulpho Anthanilic Acid 3
29 C. Acid 2
30 Hydrogen Peroxide 1
31 P.P.D. 1
32 Potassium Carbonate 1
33 Caustic Potash 1
34 Dispersing Agent 3
35 Ferros Sulphate 10
36 Lime Powder 20
37 Carbon Black 2
38 Antidust Oil 5
39 Sodium Sulphate 120
40 Sulphuric Acid 25
41 Sodium Acetate 12
42 MPDDSA 15
43 2 Ethyl Pyridone 10
44 Sulphanilic Acid 10
45 Gamma Acid 1
46 J.Acid 15
47 Resorcinaol 1
48 OAVS 2
49 Copper Sulphate 1
50 SPMP 1
51 B - Naphthol 10
52 Pig. Red Cerise 1.5
15

Sr. No.
(MT/Annum) for Full
53 Alpha Blue/Heuco Blue 3
54 Yellow 12 2
55 CPC Green 2
56 Orange G (13) 1
57 4.5 Mole 1
58 MEG - 6
59 Syntho D Foam (Defoamer) 1
60 Dynol SP 20 2
61 9.5 mole (fn 136) 3
62 DMAPA 90
63 STPP 2
64 Ortho Nitro Anisol 145
65 Formaldehyde 80
66 Dichlone 5
67 Thio Urea 5
68 Cobalt Sulphate 120
69 Phthalic Anhydride 105
70 Nitro Benzene 50
71 Methanol 90
72 ODCB 20
73 Carbamide 150
74 Styrene Acrylate 25
75 Chlorine gas 12
76 Cobalt Metal 25

16

TABLE: 1.3 : LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR PROPOSED PROJECT

SR. No. PARTICULARS Nos.
1. Glass Line Reactor - 1 1
2. Glass line Reactor - 2
(with scrubbing system)
1
3. MSLR Reactor 1
4. S.S. Reactor with distillation set up 1
5. RVD -1 with distillation setup 1
6. RVD 2 with distillation setup 1
7. S.S. reactor with distillation Column 1
8. S.S. Reactor 1
9. PP FRP tank - 1 1
10. PP FRP tank 2 1
11. Filter notch 1
12. Centrifuge 48 S.S. 1
13. Centrifuge 48 MSEP 1
14. Centrifuge 24 S.S. 1
15. SFD 1
16. FBD 1
17. Blender 5 Kl 1
18. Blender 1 KL 1
19. Multimill 1
17

20. Tray Dryer 1
21. Filter Press 1
22. Sand mill 1
23. Sigma mixture 1
24. Vacuum pump 1
25. Transferring pump 4
26. Filtration Pump 2
27. Boiler 1
28. Thermopack 2
29. Air Compressor 2
30. Storage Tanks
i. LDO 10 KL 2
ii H2SO4 10 KL 1
iii Nitrobenzene 5 KL 1
iv ODC B- 5 KL 1
v Formaldehyde 5 KL 1
vi Methanol 12 KL 1
31. D.G. Set 160 KVA 1
32. D.G. Set 15 KVA 1

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Table: 1.4 : SITE DISTRIBUTION IN AROUND 16135 SQ. MTR. AREA
PLANT

SR. No. PARTICULARS AREA Mt Sq.
1.
Total Area of Plot 16135.00
2.
Total Built up Area 6041.00
3. Total Ground Area
5694.00
4. Total Office Area
5.
Total Factory Area
5117.00
6.
Green Belt 5324.00
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TABLE: 1.5 : TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN MONOMER CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD., FOR PROPOSED PLANT
Sr. No Designation No. Of Employees
1 Works Manager 1
2 Production Manager 1
3 Production Chemist 3
4 Supervisors 4
5 Plant Operators 5
6 Engineering Services & Personnel
i Engineers 1
ii Supervisor 2
iii Wireman 3
iv Filter 3
7 R & D Manager 1
8 R & D chemist 2
9 QC Manager 1
10 QC Chemist + ETP Chemist 3
11 Store In charge 1
12 Administrative office 5
Total 36 Nos.

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TABLE: 1.6 : CONTRACTOR SERVICES IN MONOMER CHEMICAL
INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD., FOR PROPOSED PLANT.

Sr. No. Department
No. Of Person for Proposed
Plant
1. Workers 20
2. Security 6
3. Horticulture 1
4. House Keeping 2
5. Canteen 1
6. Operation & ETP 4

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FIG. NO. 1.1 : PLOT PLAN
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2ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENT

2.1EnvironmentalImpactAssessment
As per the provision of EIA Notification No. S. O. 1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006
amended on January 19, 2009 the proposed project of M/s. Monomer Chemical
Industries Pvt. Ltd (Unit 2 ) come under Category B of 5 (f). As per the notification the
proposed developments cannot be undertaken under it is accorded environmental
clearance by the authority in accordance with the procedure specified in this
notification. The procedure includes environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and
environmental management plan needs to be submitted. Accordingly, this EIA report
has been prepared with main objective of getting environmental clearances for the
Synthetic Organic Dyes & Dye Intermediates manufacturing industry. The study also
projected environmental impact driven by the activity on regional environmental
quality.
M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. (Unit 2)., Plot no. K 4, Knitwear
Complex, Additional MIDC area, Anandnagar, Ambernath. Dist: Thane retained
Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Thane to conduct Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) study based on one season primary environmental quality data,
environmental impact statement based on the identification, prediction and evaluation
of impact & environmental management plan.
Objectives:
The objectives of EIA study are
Assessment of the present status of air, noise, water, land, biological and
socio- economic components of environment including parameters of human
interest in the study area of 10 km radial distance around project site.
Identification of potential impacts on various environmental components
due to activities envisaged during construction and operation phases of the
project development
Predication of project specific impacts on the major environment components
using appropriate mathematical/simulate models
24

Preparation of environment impact statement based on the identification,
prediction and evaluation of impacts
Delineation of environmental management plan (EMP) outlining prevention
and control strategies for minimizing adverse impacts of the project
Formulation of environmental quality monitoring program for construction
and operational phases to be pursued by the project proponent.

Environmental Component Wise Activities for the Study
2.2AirEnvironment
Ambient Air Quality monitoring to measure levels of PM
2.5
, PM
10
, SO
2
&
NOx
Collection of surface meteorological data, viz wind speed, wind direction,
relative humidity, temperature and cloud cover.
Identification and quantification of potential emission sources from industrial
source.
Prediction of ground level concentration (GLCs) of air pollutants through
appropriate air quality model incorporating the requirements specified in the
publication of central pollution control Board Assessment of impact in Air
Environment Guidelines for conducting Air quality Modeling.
Evaluation of the adequacy of proposed pollution control measures to meet
air quality emission standard.
Recommendation of air pollution mitigation measures.

2.3NoiseEnvironment
Measurement of noise levels in residential, commercial and industrial zones
in the study area
Prediction of impacts due to increase in noise levels arising out of the
proposed project
Evaluation of noise pollution control measures
Recommendations on noise mitigation measures.

25

2.4WaterEnvironment
Study of ground water (dug wells / tube wells) and surface water resources
with respect to their quantity & quality
Estimation of water requirement for the proposed project and its effect on
water demand vis--vis regional water balance
Evaluation of waste water treatment plant & suggest modifications or
additional recommendations, if any
Prediction of impacts on quality of receiving environmental system due to
disposal of treated waste water.

2.5LandEnvironment
Studies on soil characteristics in the study area
Characterization of solid/hazardous wastes to be generated due to the project
Delineation of environmentally compatible management options for
handling, storage and disposal of solid/hazardous wastes.

2.6BiologicalEnvironment
Collection of information on flora and fauna in the study area and
identification of endangered species.
Identification of ecologically sensitive areas such as biosphere reserves,
wildlife sanctuary, national park etc. near project site.
Assessment of impact on endemic and sore/endangered plant species due to
proposed project.
Design of greenbelt and identification of suitable native plant species.

2.7Socioeconomic&HeathEnvironment
Collection of baseline data on the socio-economic profile of the study area.
Collections of information on cultural and aesthetic attributes in the study are
including places of historical / archaeological importance.
Projection of anticipated changes due to the proposed project and delineation
of measures to minimize the impacts.
26

Assessment of economic benefits to community and environment arising out
of the proposed project.
Due to the proposed project the employment will increase which will help to
increase the standard of living of surrounding people. Socio- Economic
activities such as medical camps, note book distribution to school childrens
etc. shall be done on regular basis.

Prediction of impacts
Identification, quantification and evaluation of impact due to the proposed
developments through standard modeling studies.
Prediction and evaluation of impacts due to increase in pollutant load on
impacts on land and air quality.
Assessment of benefits of human interest due to the proposed activity.

Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will be drawn after identifying,
predicting and evaluating the significant impacts on each component of the
environment.
EMP will be delineated incorporating control technologies, safe guards etc for
mitigation of adverse impacts with due consideration to their cost
effectiveness
The post project monitoring should be undertaken with recourse to
continuous online environmental audit.

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3.BASELINEENVIRONMENTALSTATUSANDIDENTIFICATIONOF
IMPACTS
3.1AirEnvironment
The baseline air quality status forms the basis for the assessment of air quality
impacts due to the proposed development activity. Baseline air quality status can be
generated through a well designed air quality monitoring activity. Baseline status
studies of air environment were carried out through reconnaissance survey followed
by air quality surveillance program and micro-meteorological data collection. Micro-
meteorological data is used in the interpretation of baseline status and for studying
air pollution dispersion pattern and prediction of impacts.
3.1.1 Design of ambient air quality monitoring network:
The following criteria were taken into account in designing the ambient air
quality-monitoring network.
Topography/terrain of the study area
Populated areas within the region
Prediction of max concentration & distances of their likely occurrences under
prevailing micro-meteorological conditions
Representation of regional background
Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in down wind direction
Historical wind rose to understand the wind pattern in the area.
Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance survey was undertaken within the study area to collect
information regarding topography of the study area, meteorological features of the area
and other features relevant to the air environment. Reconnaissance survey enables the
selection of sampling sites and design of air quality monitoring network. The criteria
pollutants like PM
2.5, ,
PM
10
, SO
2
and NOx were identified to assess the existing air quality
in the impact zone. The study was conducted for summer season (March 2011 May
2011).
The location of the plant is spread over on area of 16135 sq. mt., at Ambernath,
Thane. The study area was 10 km radial distance from the proposed plant site. The
identified impact zone is covered by wasteland, market places, and other rurally
inhabited localities. Within the study area there are some other big and small industries.
Perrigo API India Limited, Watson Pharma Pvt. Ltd. are the industry prevalent in the
area. Seven ambient air quality- monitoring sites were selected based on the ambient air
29

quality monitoring network design. The distance and bearing of these locations with
respect to the plant site are given in Table 3.1.1 and indicated in Figure 3.1.1.

Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

3.1.1.1 The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out in accordance with
guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) of CPCB dated 18
th
November 2009. Ambient Air
Quality Monitoring (AAQM) was carried out at 7 locations in summer season
considering the criticality of the region.

3.1.1.2 AAQM locations were monitored on 24 hourly average basis for two days in a week as
per guidelines of CPCB and NAAQS. AAQM was carried out at 7 number of locations,
as per presented in CPCB guideline to determine a finer cross-sectional distribution of
air pollution in an industrial developed region.

3.1.1.3 The conventional and project specific parameters such as s particulate matter (PM
2.5,
PM
10
), Sulphur Dioxide (SO
2
) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) are monitored. The
sampling location with high volume sampler is shown in Figure 3.1.2.

3.1.1.4 The values for monitored concentrations of various pollutants at all the
monitoring location were processed for different statistical parameters like
arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum concentration, maximum
concentration and percentile values. The existing baseline levels in summer
season with respect to PM
2.5
, PM
10
, SO
2
, NOx, are expressed in terms of various
statistical parameters the 98
th
percentile concentration have been compared with
stipulated standards of CPCB as per the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards.
30

3.1.2 Micro-Meteorology of the Area

3.1.2.1 The study of micro-meteorological conditions of a particular region is of utmost
importance to understand the variations in ambient air quality status in that
region. The prevailing micrometeorology at project site plays a crucial role in
transport and dispersion of air pollutants. The persistence of the predominant
wind direction and wind speed at the project site will decide the direction and
extent of the air pollution impact zone. The principal variables, which affect the
micrometeorology, are horizontal transport and dispersion (average wind speed
and directions), convective transport and vertical mixing (atmospheric stability)
and also topography of the area towards local influences.

3.1.2.2 Climatological Tables of Observatories in India (1951-1980), published by the
India Meteorological Department, were used to obtain historical data for the
region. Ambernath is the nearest weather observatory to the project site.
Temperature varied in the range of 28.89
o
C 31.11
o
C. Annual rainfall varied in
the range of 1850 2130 mm with normal annual rainfall of 1967 mm. The annual
average of rainy days (rainfall above 282.1 mm in a day) was 46.8. The annual
average wind speed was 7.2 km/h. Seasonal variation in predominant wind
direction was not observed at Ambernath. Winds from the E-W were
predominant in the winter and the summer season.

3.1.2.3 The months of March, April and May are considered to be representative of
summer season. Monthly mean relative humidity was in the range of 38 - 79% in
the summer season. Wind predominantly blows from E-W sector in summer
season. Wind speed remains in the range of 7.2 km/h for most of the days and a
cloudless sky is observed for 80-85% of the duration during the summer season.
The meteorological data is collected and processed to draw wind-rose as shown
in Fig. 3.1.3. The daily (00-24 hrs) wind-rose in the project region shows the
predominant winds during study period were from E-W sector with
predominant wind 23.91%. There are no significant variations in wind
speed/wind directions. However the wind speed during daytime was relatively
31

higher compared to night time. The calm condition was observed for 17 %
during study period.

3.1.3 Base line Air Quality Status
The concentration data were processed for different statistical parameters the base
line levels of PM
2.5
, PM
10
, SO
2
and NO
x
are presented in Tables 3.1.1 to 3.1.8.

Particulate Matter (PM
2.5
Micron): The average PM
2.5
concentrations at different
location varied between 28 - 58 g/m
3
(Table 3.1.2). The 98
th
percentile value at
all the locations was found to be in the range of 34.38 - 42.38 g/m
3
(Table 3.1.3).
The highest PM
2.5
concentration was observed at South Haji Malang Village
area. The 98
th
percentile value in the study area is less than the CPCB stipulated
standard.

Particulate Matter (PM
10
Micron): The average PM
10
concentrations at different
locations varied between 58 to 94 g/m
3
(Table 3.1.2). The 98
th
percentile value
at all the locations was found to be in the range of 75.30 to 93.72 g/m
3
(Table
3.1.3). Its highest PM
10
concentration was observed at South Haji Malang
Village area. The 98
th
percentile value in the study area is less than the CPCB
stipulated standard.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO
2
): The average SO
2
concentrations at different locations
varied between 3.60 8.20 g/m
3
(Table 3.1.2). The 98
th
percentile value at all
the locations was found to be in the range 5.90 8.16 g/m
3
(Table 3.1.3). The
highest SO
2
concentration was observed at East, Caramel Convent School area.
The 98
th
percentile value in the study area is very much less than the CPCB
stipulated standard.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx): The average NOx concentrations at different
locations varied between 8.50 18.10 g/m
3
(Table 3.1.2). The 98
th
percentile
value at all the locations was found to be in the range of 16.12 17.86 g/m
3

(Table 3.1.3). The highest NOx concentration was observed at East, Caramel
Convent School area. The 98
th
percentile value in the study area is less than the
CPCB stipulated standard.
32

3.1.4 Stack Emissions/ Process Emissions

3.1.4.1 The stack emission sources from proposed activity can be categorized into i)
boilers/heaters/furnaces and ii) diesel generators. The details such as stack
height, stack top inside diameter and flue gas temperature were summerised in
Table 3.1.4.

3.1.4.2 Major fuel burning emission sources include 1 stacks of DG (160 KVA), 1 stack of
Boiler & Thermopac (combined).

3.1.4.3 All the process reactors will be connected to scrubbing system. Alkali scrubber
will be provided to take care of acid fumes & other toxic gases. The caustic media
will be regularly checked & maintained properly to scrub the acid mist. The
scrub solution will be used in process.

3.1.4.4 Monitoring will be regularly undertaken by third party. Details of stacks are
presented in Table 3.1.4

DESIGN DETAILS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM:-
A) BOILER

Sr. No. PARAMETER CAPACITY
1 Equipment capacity 850 kg/hr
2 Fuel LDO
3 Fuel Consumption 1400 kg/day
4 Gas Quantity 800 1200 Nm
3
/hr
5 Inlet Gas Temperature 120 160
0
C
6 Outlet Gas Temperature 80 90
0
C

33

B) THERMOPACK

Sr. No. Parameter Capacity
1 Equipment capacity 2 Lac. K. Cal.
2 Fuel LDO
3
/hr
0
C
6 Outlet Gas Temperature 80-90
0
C

C) SCRUBBER (WATER & ALKALY)

1 Equipment capacity 200 M
3
/Min
2 Media used Alkaly & Water
3 Alkali Consumption 10 15 kg/day
4 Gas Quantity 200 Nm
3
/hr
5 Inlet Gas Temperature 50 - 55
0
C
0
C

34

Table 3.1.1 : Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

w.r.t. Monomer Chemicals
Sr. No.

Sampling Location

Direction Dist. (Km)
1. Location 1 South-Haji malang Village S 3
2. Location 2 West- Near GIP Railway DAM W 3
3. Location 3
West- North- Rangoli Garden
Restaurant
WN 3
4. Location 4 East , Caramel Convent School E 3
5. Location 5 Proposed Site
Propose
site
0
6. Location 6
Training Institute At Jambhul
gaon
EN 5
7. Location 7 Gurukul school SE 5
a.g.l : above ground level

Table 3.1.2 : Ambient Air Quality Status (Summer Season)
Unit: g/m
3 ,
Avg.: 24 hours
PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NOx Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location
(g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3)
1 Location 1 42.38 (32-58) 81.13 (71-94) 4.88 (3.6-7) 11.65 (9.3-16.6)
2 Location 2 38.63 (30-52) 74.25 (64-88) 4.70 (3.60-7.20) 12.39 (10.10 16.50)
3 Location 3 34.38 (28-40) 68.38 (58-78) 4.84 (3.60-7.10) 11.53 (8.50-16.20)
4 Location 4 36 (31-46) 74.50 (60-91) 5.70 (4.20-8.0) 13.21 (10.70-18.10)
5 Location 5 34.38 (29 - 42) 68.63 (63-76) 5.66 (4.10-8.20) 12.65 (10.30-18.10)
6 Location 6 40.46 (32-58) 80.36 (71-94) 4.38 (3.6-7) 11.5 (9.3-16.6)
7 Location 7 38.6 (30-52) 74.5 (64-88) 4.50 (3.60-7.20) 12.9 (10.10 16.50)
35

Table 3.1.3: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATUS (Summer Season) 98th Percentile
Unit: g/m
3,
Avg.: 24 hours

Pollutant
Arithmetic Man
(g/m3)
98th Percentile
(g/m3)
Ambient Air Quality
Standards of CPCB
(g/m3)
PM
2.5
28-58 34.38 42.38 60
PM
10
58 94 75.30 93.72 100
SO
2
3.60 -8.20 5.90 8.16 80
NO
X
8.50 -18.10 16.12. 17.8 80

Table 3.1.4 : Stack Details

Stack
No
Stack Identification
Stack
Height
(m)
Stack top
inside dia.
(m)
Stack
gas exit
temp
(
O
K)
Volumetric
flow rate;
(m
3
/h) NTP
Type of
Fuel
1. DG (160 KVA) (S1) 5.0 0.300 125-190 300-500 H.S.D
2.
Boiler &
Thermopack
(Combined))
32.0 0.450 120 140 1100-1200 LDO
3. Scrubber 12.0 0.275 40 -45 180-250 -

Fuel: H.S.D. High Speed Diesel,
LDO - Light Diesel Oil,

36

Fig 3.1.1 Ambient Air Sampling Locations in Study Area

37

Fig 3.1.2 High Volume Sampler for Ambient Air Sampling At Study Location

38

Fig 3.1.3 Wind Roses for Summer Season

Conclusion
Proposedprojectwillhaveoneboiler&Thermopackassourceofairpollutionemission.SO
2
emission
fromtheseunitswillhave64kg/daywhichlessthan126kg/day(GiveninConsenttoEstablish)
TheAmbientmonitoringresultswithin10KMstudyareafoundwellwithinlimitasperNAAQstandard
exceptPM10whichisnearertotheprescribedlimit,henceprecautiontobetakenfromproposed
activitytominimizetheSMPemissions&continuousmonitoringshouldbecarriedoutasperCPCB
guideline(refTable3.1.3).TocontroltheSPMlevelgreenbeltdevelopmentalsoproposedaroundthe
peripheryofunit.
39

ProposedprojectwillnothavePM
10
emissionsothatbaselinedata(PM1075.393g/m
3
(98%)willnot
affect.
3.2 Noise Environment
3.1.5 Reconnaissance
The reconnaissance was conducted with a view to establish the baseline status of
environment with respect to noise levels in the study area surrounding villages and
other centrals of human activities. The objective of noise quality survey is to assess
the impact of noise generated due to proposed development consisting of processing
unit, generators, and compressors etc. on the surrounding environment. The
background noise levels were estimated for identification and characterization of
noise sources noise levels within the study area in the villages and at sensitive
receptors were measured.

3.1.6 Background Noise Level Source
Background noise levels were monitored at 7 locations in the study area. Locations
for monitoring of ambient noise levels are shown in Fig. 3.2.1. Noise levels were
measured using precision integrated sound level meter for movement of vehicles,
loading unloading operations, also contributed to noise levels. Background noise
levels measured in number of village at differed times and locations are summarized
in Table 3.2.1.
The noise levels in residential area varied from 42.8 to 54.9 dB(A) in day and 25.6 to
45.6 dB(A) in night.
The noise levels in sensitive area varied from 38.2 to 49.2 dB(A) in day and 17.1 to
39.5 dB(A) in night.
The noise levels in Commercial area/ Highway varied from 59.3 to 67.5 dB(A) in
day and 41.5 to 53.9 dB(A) in night.
The noise levels near surrounding Industries of Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt.
Ltd. varied from 66.7 to 78.8 dB(A) in day and 48.3 to 67.3 dB(A) in night.
Ambient Noise quality status are summarized in Table 3.2.2
3.1.7 Sources of noise
Noise sources at proposed plant site mostly are other industrial activities & wind
blow, vehicular movement. However the noise generated by these vehicles was
found to be insignificant.
40

Table 3.2.1: Details of Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations

Sr. No. Sampling Location Noise Levels dB(A)
Day Night
1 South-Haji malang Village 48.0 45.0
2 West- Near GIP Railway DAM 47.9 35.3
3 West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant 44.6 36.5
4 East , Caramel Convent School 49.0 39.4
5 Proposed Site 51.0 40.20
6 Training Institute At Jambhul gaon 53.6 41.8
7 Gurukul school 50.5 40.3

Table 3.2.2 : Ambient Noise Quality Status in Summer Season
Unit : g/m
3
Avg.:24 hours
Location Category

Day dB(A)

Night dB(A)

Ambient Noise Quality
Standards of CPCB
Location Category (6 am to 9
pm)
(9 pm to 6 am) Day
dB(A)
Night dB(A)
Residential area 42.8 54.9 25.6 45.6 55 45
Sensitive area 38.2 49.2 17.1 39.5 50 40
Commercial/Highway 59.9 67.5 41.5 53.9 65 55
Industrial area 66.7 78.8 48.3 67.3 75 70

41

FIG3.2.1AMBIENTNOISESAMPLINGLOCATIONSINSTUDYAREA

42

3.3WaterEnvironment

3.3.1.1 A reconnaissance was undertaken to identify sampling locations to
establish baseline status of ground water and surface water quality in
the study area during March 2011 to May 2011. The major sources of
drinking water in these villages from MIDC.
3.3.1.2 Chikloli Dam & GIP Railway Dam is the major source of surface water.

3.3.2 Water Quality survey
3.3.2.1 Upstream and downstream samples were collected for sampling
.Sampling locations chosen for water quality study were shown in
Figure 3.3.1 and Table 3.3.1. On site sampling collection and chemical
fixation for various parameters including plankton study are done at
locations only.
3.3.2.2 Water samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics,
nutrients, organic parameter, heavy metals, and bacteriological
parameters as per standard methods (APHA 2005) Decision on the
analytical data is presented in the following sections.

3.3.3 Water Quality Status

3.3.3.1 Physical Parameters
The data on physical characteristics comprising pH, temperature,
turbidity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and
conductivity for surface and ground water are presented in Table
3.3.2. Surface water quality indicates that it has pH in the range of 6.8
to 7.0, turbidity 1 to 4 NTU, suspended solids 50 to 60 mg/lit, total
dissolved solids in the range of 60 to 80 mg/l and conductivity in the
range of 180 to 210 S/cm. The ground water quality showing pH 6.8
to 7.2, turbidity <1 to 2.0 NTU, suspended solids <1 to 10.0 mg/l,
dissolved solids was 40 to 60 mg/l and conductivity in the range of 100
to 180 S/cm. (Table 3.3.2)
43

3.3.3.2 Inorganic Parameters
Inorganic parameters of surface and ground water viz, alkalinity total
hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium and potassium
are given in Table 3.3.3. The surface water samples exhibited alkalinity
in the range of 40 to 60 mg/l, total hardness 80 to 100 mg/l, calcium
hardness 60 to 70 mg/l and the concentrations of chloride, sulphate,
sodium and potassium 30 to 45 mg/l, 1.0 to 3.0 mg/l, 100 to 180 mg/l,
and 40 to75 mg/l, respectively. The ground water samples exhibited
alkalinity in the range of 10 to 30 mg/l, total hardness 37 to 190 mg/l,
calcium hardness 10 to 60 mg/l and the concentrations of chloride,
sulphate, sodium and potassium 10 to 50 mg/l, 10 to 50 mg/l, 1 to 25
mg/l, and 1 to 10 mg/l, respectively in ground water samples.
3.3.3.3 Nutrients and Organic Parameters
Water sample from surface and ground water sources are analysed for nitrate
total phosphate, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, oil & grease.
The results of these parameters for surface and ground water sources are
summarized in Table 3.3.4.
Surface water concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were found in the
range of 1.0 to 1.3 mg/l and 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l respectively. The dissolved
oxygen and chemical oxygen demand were in the range of 3.0 to 4.0 mg/l
and 10 to 20 mg/l respectively. Biochemical Oxygen Demand were found in
the range of 2to 4 mg/l in all samples, oil & grease were not detected and
hydrocarbon was not detectable in all samples. Concentrations of nitrate,
total phosphate, dissolved oxygen, chemicals oxygen demand in the ground
water samples were observed in the ranges of 0.1 to 2.0 mg/l, 0.01 to 0.02
mg/l, 3.7 to 6.1 mg/l, 5 to 25 mg/l respectively. The level of oil & grease and
hydrocarbon were not detectable in all samples.

3.3.3.4 Heavy Metals
The heavy metal concentration in surface water and ground water samples
are given in Table 3.3.5. The surface water analysis for Heavy metal
representing Cd, Cr, Pb, was found below detectable limit. Fe, As, Co, as 0.03
mg/l, 0.01 mg/l, and 0.05 mg/l, respectively and Zn and Mn were found in
the range 0.04 to 0.06 mg/l, 0.03 to 0.10 mg/l respectively. In ground water
sample, concentration of Mo, Pb was not detected at any location, Co and
44

Mn, found in very few locations and as a maximum concentrations of 0.08
mg/l and 0.09 mg/l respectively. (Table 3.3.5)

3.3.3.5 Bacteriological Characteristics
The surface and ground water samples with reference to dug wells were
analyzed for estimating total & fecal coliform using membrane filtration
technique. The bacteriological characteristics of surface as well as ground
water sources are presented in Table 3.3.6.
Surface water samples showed the total coliform counts absent and fecal
coliform counts were absent at upstream / downstream of Chikloli Dam. In
ground water samples, the total coliform counts absent & fecal coliform were
not detectable in ground water representing bacteria uncontaminated water
resource.

3.3.4 Water Requirement
The water requirement of Monomer Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. will be 111.00
m
3
/day. The water is required for process washings, boiler, cooling tower
makeup, services, fire water and domestic purposes. The Water
requirement will be fulfilled by MIDC.
Raw water will be received in the factory premises having a combined
storage capacity of 100 CMD. At storage it is dosed with hypochlorite
solution and pumped into over head tank. From over head tank water
goes to plant by gravity and at outlet, again hypochlorite is dosed using
auto-dosing pump. It is then processed through the sandbag filter before
going to plant.

3.3.5 Wastewater Generation Sources
The major sources of wastewater generation from plant include wash
water, filter press washing etc. The schematic of wastewater treatment
plant is shown in Fig. 3.3.5. The wastewater generation from the plant
and prediction for proposed plant is given in Table 3.3.7.
The effluent samples from unit I of M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries
Pvt. Ltd. have been collected & treatability study carried out on
wastewater. The results are presented in the Table 3.3.8 to 3.3.9.

45

3.3.6 Wastewater Disposal
M/s. Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. has been granted consent to
establish by MPCB. An underground pipeline of 8 diameter and 0.15 km
long will be provided to discharge treated wastewater in CETP. A diffuser
will be provided at the end of pipeline for proper diffusion. The pipeline
can carry maximum wastewater to the tune of 90 m
3
/day.

Table 3.3.1: Water Quality Sampling Locations

Sr. No. Sampling Location
Surface Water River/Dam
Chikloli Dam (upstream) (1.0 km from Monomer)
Chikloli Dam (downstream) (1.0 km from Monomer)
GIP Rail Way DAM (2.0 km from Monomer)

Ground Water
South-Haji malang Village
West- Near GIP Railway DAM
West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant
East , Caramel Convent School
Proposed Site
Training Institute At Jambhul gaon
Gurukul school

46

Table 3.3.2: Water Quality Physical Parameters
Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location
pH
Temperature

(
O
C)
Conductivity
(S/cm)
Total
Suspended
Solids
(mg/l)
Total
dissolved
solids
(mg/l)
Turbidity

(NTU)
Surface Water River & Pond
1.
ChikloliDam
(upstream)
(1.0kmfrom
Monomer)
6.9 30 181 57 63 2.3
2.
ChikloliDam
(downstream)
(1.0kmfrom
Monomer)
7.0 30 195 52 65 3.2
3.
GIPRailWay
DAM(2.0km
fromMonomer)
6.8 30 201 50 72 2.0
Ground Water
4.
South-Haji
malang Village
7.2 28 104 2.5 43 0.76
5.
West- Near GIP
Railway DAM
7.1 30 110 4.8 48 2.0
6.
West- North-
Rangoli Garden
Restaurant
7.0 28 115 1.8 33 <1
7.
East , Caramel
Convent School
7.1 28 130 8.3 46 <1

47

8.
Proposed Site 6.9 30 126 4.1 52 <1
9.
Training
Institute At
Jambhul gaon
7.0 24 176 5.0 56 <1
10.
Gurukul resort 7.1 32 134 4.1 47 <1
Note: - Sample collected & Analysed by Sadekar Enviro Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Table 3.3.3: Water Quality Inorganic Parameters
Total
alkalinity
Total
hardness
Ca
hardness
Cl SO
4
Na K Ni
Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location
(as CaCO3) (mg/l) (mg/l)
1.
Chikloli Dam
(upstream)
(1.0 km from
Monomer)
42 97 70 37 1.3 33 53 ND
2
Chikloli Dam
(downstream
)
(1.0 km from
Monomer)
60 92 65 34 1.7 46 48 ND
3
GIP Rail
Way DAM
(2.0 km from
Monomer)
57 81 62 45 2.6 42 73 ND
Ground Water
48

4
South-Haji
malang
Village
28 75 19 18 9 4.2 0.27 ND
5
West- Near
GIP Railway
DAM
13 69 40 20 32 20 4.9 ND
6
West- North-
Rangoli
Garden
Restaurant
25 105 58 19 14 15 2 ND
7
East ,
Caramel
Convent
School
19 88 34 21 12 19 4 ND
8
Proposed
Site
23 65 35 35 27 14 17 ND
9
Training
Institute At
Jambhul
gaon
16 85 38 25 29 16 5.8 ND
10
Gurukul
school
17 37 34 27 35 19 6.0 ND


ND:- Not Detected

49

DetectableLimitofLamp:Ni0.02mg/lit.Table3.3.4;WaterQualityNutrient,DemandandOrganic
Parameters
Nitrate
as N
Total
Phosphate
Dissolved
oxygen
Chemical
oxygen
demand
Biochemical
oxygen
demand
Oil
and
Grease
Hydro
-
carbo
ns
Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location
(mg/l) (g/l)
1.
ChikloliDam
(upstream)
(1.0kmfrom
Monomer)
1.0 0.01 4.0 12 2.4 ND ND
2.
ChikloliDam
(downstream)
(1.0kmfrom
Monomer)
1.3 0.02 3.0 16 3.6 ND ND
3.
GIPRailWay
DAM(2.0km
fromMonomer)
1.1 0.02 3.7 11 2.8 ND ND
Ground Water
4.
South-Haji
malang
Village
0.3 0.01 6.1 5 1.5 ND ND
5.
West- Near
GIP
Railway
DAM
1.0 0.02 5.6 12 3.7 ND ND

50

6. West-
North-
Rangoli
Garden
Restaurant
0.3 0.01 4.8 20 6 ND ND
7. East ,
Caramel
Convent
School
0.4 0.02 3.9 18 5.7 ND ND
8. Proposed
Site
1.8 0.02 5.5 24 7.9 ND ND
9. Training
Institute At
Jambhul
gaon
0.6 0.01 4.5 20 7.0 ND ND
10. Gurukul
school
0.5 0.02 3.7 18 5.7 ND ND

Note: - Note: - Sample collected & Analysed by Sadekar Enviro Engineeers Pvt. Ltd.
ND - Not Detectable

51

Table 3.3.5: Water Quality Heavy Metals

Cd Cr Cu Pb Fe Mn Zn As Co Mo
Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location
(mg/l)
1.
ChikloliDam
(upstream)
(1.0kmfrom
Monomer)
ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.1 0.06 0.01 0.05 ND
2.
ChikloliDam
(downstream)
(1.0kmfrom
Monomer)
ND ND ND ND 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.04 ND
3.
GIPRailWay
DAM(3.0km
fromMonomer)
ND ND Traces ND 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.07 ND
Ground Water
4.
South-Haji
malang Village
ND ND ND ND 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.07 ND
5.
West- Near
GIP Railway
DAM
ND ND Traces ND 1.3 0.04 0.2 0.01 0.05 ND
6.
West- North-
Rangoli
Garden
Restaurant
ND ND ND ND 0.06 0.02 ND 0.01 ND ND
7.
East , Caramel
Convent
School
ND ND ND ND 0.26 0.09 ND ND ND ND
8. Proposed Site ND ND 0.02 ND 0.31 ND 0.06 ND ND ND
52

9.
Training
Institute At
Jambhul gaon
ND ND Traces ND 1.3 0.04 0.2 0.01 0.05 ND
10.
Gurukul
school
ND ND ND ND 0.06 0.02 ND 0.01 ND ND

ND - Not Detectable
Detectable Limit of AAS Lamp :- Cd - 0.002, Cr - 0.1, Cu- 0.01, Pb-0.05, Fe- 0.02,
Mn- 0.01, Zn-0.005, As-0.005, Co- 0.03, Mo- 0.05 (Parameters Measured in Mg/ lit.)

Table 3.3.6: Water Quality Bacteriological Parameter

Total Faecal
Coliform Sr. No. Sampling Location
CFU 100 ml
1.
Chikloli Dam (upstream )
Absent ND
2.
Chikloli Dam (Downstream )
Absent ND
3.
GIP Rail way DAM
Absent ND
Ground Water
4.
South-Haji malang Village
Absent ND
5.
West- Near GIP Railway DAM
Absent ND
6.
West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant
Absent ND
7.
East , Caramel Convent School
Absent ND
8.
Proposed Site
Absent ND
9.
Training Institute At Jambhul gaon
Absent ND
10.
Gurukul School
Absent ND
ND - Not Detectable
Table 3.3.7: Water Requirement & Waste Water Generation
53

WATER EFFLUENT
PHASE
Consumption
(CMD)
Losses
(CMD)
Domestic
(CMD)
Industrial
(CMD)
Domestic 15 5 10 Nil
Industrial
Process/
Washing
80 + 20 (from ETP) Nil Nil 80
Cooling 6 6 Nil Nil
Gardening 10 10 Nil Nil

Total
111 21 10 80

Treated effluent discharge line
connected to CETP.

Table 3.3.8: Treatability Study on Effluent by developing pilot plant (From Monomer
Unit I)
Parameters Raw
Effluent
After Primary
Treatment &
Ozonation
After
Secondary
Treatment
After Tertiary
Treatment
pH 3.2 7.0 7.0 7.0
COD 3800 1520 152 141
BOD 1100 445 47 38
TDS 2851 1140 113 106
O&G 15 6 0.6 0.5
Specific Parameters
Colour 634 380 266 186
Chlorides 1032 413 41 38
Sulphate 1540 616 62 58
TAN 134 54 5.5 5.1
54

Note:- Except pH Value & Color All parameters are measured in mg/ lits. Colour
Measured At Hz.
Table 3.3.9: Quality Of effluent after Treatment

Standards
Sr.
No.

Parameter

Observed
values
Environment
Protection
[amendments]
rules 1996
CPCB standards
(water consent)

1. pH 7.0 5.5-9.0 6.5-8.5
2. Oil & grease 0.5 10 < 10
3. Total Dissolved Solids 106 NS NS
4. BOD (3 days 27
o
C) 38 100 < 100
5. COD 141 250 < 250
All parameters except pH are expressed in mg/l

55

Fig3.3.1WaterQualitySamplingLocationsinStudyArea

56

57

Fig 3.3.2 Effluent Treatment Plant
Table 3.3.10: Technical specifications
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
Sr.
No.
Unit Dimensions Qty
Electro-
mechanical/
R.C.C.
1.
Oil & Grease Trap

3.5 m x 1.5 m x 1.5 m 1 No. RCC
2.
Oil skimmer

Cap: 10 litr/hr

1 No. Mechanical
3.
Collection cum
Neutralization Tank
4.5 m x 4.5 m x 3.0 m
each
2 Nos. RCC
4.
Air Blower for Eq. / N.
Tank
Cap. : 100 M
3
/hr
Pressure: 0.45
kg/cm
2

Motor : 5 H.P

2 Nos. Mechanical
5.
Chemical Preparation
System
1.3 m x 1.3 m x 1.3 m
each

2 Nos. RCC
6.
Agitator for chemical
preparation
100 RPM. S.S. 304 shaft
& M.S. mounting with
FRP coating.

2 Nos. Mechanical
7.
Coarse Bubble diffuse
Aeration system for
collection
Cum Equalization Tank
(6 + 6 nos.), HDPE &
EPDM
2 Nos. Mechanical
8. Electrostatic Precipitator 2.5m
3
/Hr flow rate 1 System Instrument
9. Effluent Transfer Pump
M.O.C. : P.P/S.S.
Cap : 5 m
3
/hr
Motor : 2.0 H.P.

2 Nos. Mechanical
10.
Primary Settling Tank with
F.M.

3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.5 m
each

1 No. RCC
11. Agitator for flash mixer
100 RPM., S.S. 304 shaft
& M.S. mounting with
FRP coating
2 Nos. Mechanical
58

Sr.
No.
Unit Dimensions Qty
Electro-
mechanical/
R.C.C.
12. Carbon Treatment Tank
3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.0 m
each

1 Nos RCC
13.
Aeration System for
mixing purpose
MOC : S.S. 304
Size : 1"

2 Nos Mechanical
14. Filter press Feed Pump
M.O.C.: C.I/S.S.
Cap : 5 m
3
/hr
Head : 30 mtr
Motor : 5.0 H.P.

6 Nos Mechanical
15. Sludge Tank
2.0 m x 2.0 m x 1.5 m

1 No RCC
16.
Filter Press (P.P Recess
Type F.P.)
800 x 800 mm

2 Nos Mechanical
17. Oxidation Tank
4.5 m x 4.5 m x 2.5 m
each
1 No RCC
18.
Circulation
Pump/Transfer pumps
Motor : 2.0 H.P
Make : Kirloskar
Head : 20 mtr
2 Nos Mechanical
19. Ozonator
Cap.:800 gm O
3

generation/hr

1 No Instrument
20. Bio- reactor
6.0 m x 12.0 m x 4.5 m

1 No. RCC
21. Clarifier Tank
3.5 Mt. & ht. 2.5 mtr.

2 Nos. RCC
22.
Mechanism for clarifier
Tank
3.5 M. & ht. 2.5 mt., 5
RPH

1 No. Mechanical
23.
Air Blower for Bio- reactor
-I
Cap : 350 m
3
/hr
Motor : 15 H.P.
each

2 Nos. Mechanical
24.
Fine Bubble Membrane
Diffuse Aeration system
for Bio- Reactors I & II
Size: 67 mm & 2000
mm

80 + 40
Nos.
Mechanical
25. Return Sludge Pumps
Cap : 3 M
3
/hr.

2 Nos. Mechanical
59

Sr.
No.
Unit Dimensions Qty
Electro-
mechanical/
R.C.C.
26. Polishing Tank
2.5 m x 2.5 m x 1.8 m

1 No. RCC
27. Sludge Drying Beds
3.0 m x 3.0 m x 1.0 m
each

2 Nos. RCC
28. Filter feed pump
Cap : 5 m
3
/hr.
head : 30 mtr.
2 Nos. Mechanical
29. Shelter for Air Blower
10 x 8

1 No. RCC
30. Pressure sand filter
800 mm & ht. 1250
mm

1 No. Mechanical
31. Activated carbon filter
800 mm & ht. 1250
mm

1 No. Mechanical
32.
Interconnecting piping
with in battery limit.
90mm, 63mm, 50mm
OD

1 lot Piping
33. Electrical/control panel
M.S. with powder
coated, compartmental
,main switch,
one volt meters &
ameters for each switch,
Internal wiring, main
switch, RYB lamps,
Energy meter
1 No. Electrical
34. Misc. items
Safety railing ladders
for all tanks, painting
with two coats oil paint
for M.S. structure
& snocem painting for
civil structure.
Lot Misc.

60

Figure 3.3.3 Scrubber system

61

3.4LandEnvironnent

3.3.7.1 A reconnaissance was undertaken to identify sampling locations to
establish baseline status of soil quality in the study area. The area
comes under Coastal plain. Soils are mostly brownish black soil.
3.3.7.2 The study area primarily industrial area. The water table in the delta
region is maximum depth of water level being >1.5 mt below the
ground level.
3.3.7.3 The region is characterized by coastal climate with moderate
temperature and high relative humidity. Average annual rainfall
recorded in the region is 3200 mm, which is received due to southwest
monsoon during June to September. The daily average temperature is
27.6
0
C. The mean speed of wind is around 8.7 Kmph at a maximum
temp of 38.5
0
C.

Topography and Geological Characteristics
The rock formations in the region are derived mainly from Deccan Basalt
and also from granites, gneiss and laterite. The gently sloping coastal low
lands are observed in patches and are covered with moderately shallow to
deep soils, mostly lateritic in nature.
The chronological order of the geological formation covering the study is
as follows:
Sr. No. Formation Age
1 Unconsolidated Quaternary
2 Consolidated residual literate Tertiary
3 Clasped granite & Basel
crystalline
Archean
4 Basal crystalline Archean


62

3.3.8 Soil Quality
Soil samples were collected from seven locations and subjected to
physical, chemical and microbiological analysis standard methods were
followed for the analysis total seven soil samples were collected around
the Dyes & Dyes Intermediates manufacturing industry Ambernath
locations of villages are depicted in Figure 3.4.1 and summarized in Table
3.4.1.
The international pipette method (Black, 1964) was adopted for
determination of particle size analysis. The textural diagram was
generated using SEE soil class 2.0 version based on United States
Department of Agriculture (ASDA) classification of soils physical
parameters such as bulk density parasite and water holding capacity were
determined by the following KR Box method (Keen and Raczkowski, 921)
The chemical characteristics of soil were determined by preparing soil
extract in distilled water in ratio 1:1 (as per Jackson procedure, 1967)
Organic matter was determined in terms of organic carbon by Walkley &
Black method (1972) fertility status of soil in terms of nitrogen and
phosphorus was determined by extracting soil with KCL (FAO soils
Bulletin, 38/2 Rome) and Olsens method (1954) respectively.
Heavy metals in soil were determined by extracting soil with conc. H
2
SO
4
and conc. HNO
3
followed by analysis on ICP as AAS (APHA, 1995).
The results obtained from analysis are summarized below.
3.3.8.1 Physical Characteristics
Air-dried and sieved samples were used for determination of physical
properties soil. The particle size distribution of soils in terms of percentage
of sand, silt and clay are presented in Table 3.4.2 of particle size
distribution data have been used to classify soil texture through standard
soil texture triangle (Figure 3.4.2).
63

The soils at individual locations are classified in different categories of soil
texture, viz. sandy clay loam, slit loam, sandy loam, clayey, and sandy
clay out of which sandy clay loam is predominant.
Bulk density of soil relates to the combined volumes of the solids and pore
spaces soil with a high pare space with loose soiled particles will have
lower bulk density than those that are pore compact and have less pare
space. This is directly related to the movement of air and water through
soil thus affecting the productivity. The bulk density of the soils was
found in the range of 0.8 to 1.7 gm/cm
3
.

Soil porosity is described in terms of air filled pore spaces in indicative of
storage and movement of gases for the inherent moisture and
development of root systems, soil strength etc. The porosity and water
holding capacity were found in the range of 43 % to 88 % and 38 % to 54 %
respectively.
3.3.8.2 Chemical Characteristics
The Chemical parameters selected for determining soil characteristics are:
pH, electrical conductivity, soluble anions and cations, cation exchange
capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations, exchangeable sodium percentage
(ESP), nutrients and organic content as well as heavy metals. The results
obtained for these parameters are presented in Table 3.4.3 to 3.4.9.
PH is an important factor, which indicates the alkaline, acidic and neutral
nature of soil. The pH of the soil in the study area was slightly alkaline in
the range of 7.2 to 8.3. The soluble salts were determined from soil extract
(1:1). The soluble salts were expressed in terms of electrical conductivity
(EC). The EC of the soil samples were in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 ms/cm.
The area receives good rainfall so physical thronged of small particles in
soil due to surface run off and dissolution of minerals is moderate leading
to more conductivity.
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable cations were
estimated from the lactates of soil with ammonium acetate and potassium
chloride Exchange able sodium percent (ESP) is calculated using the
relationship
64

Exchangeable sodium
ESP= x 100
Cation Exchange Capacity
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a consequence of positive electrical
charges in clay and human particles in soil and it is balanced by
adsorption of positively charged counter ions. It is this property that
largely determines the storage capacity of nutrient ions in soil amongst the
exchange able cations, Ca
+2
and Mg
+2
were found in the range of 5.5 to 34.3
meq/l of soil and 0.7 to 38.0 meq/l of soil respectively. Exchangeable
sodium percentage (ESP) was found to vary from 6.6 % to 45.5 % on the
basis of CEC the soil status is divided with respect to its adsorptive
capacity and productivity potential. In general the soil in the region has
low adsorption capacity as evident from the cation exchange capacity,
which was found to be in the range of 24.0 to 75.6 meq/100 gm of soil. The
presences of sodium in exchangeable form may have deleterious effect on
the chemical and physical properties of soil. ESP between 6.6 % and 45.5 %
can be considered as satisfactory. Classification of soils with respect to
cation exchange capacity and its relation with productivity and absorptive
is given in Tables 3.4.5 and 3.4.6.
Organic matters in soils have great importance in relation to its texture
and affect its properties like cohesion\porosity and ion exchange capacity.
It also helps in determining the relation of available nutrients organic
matter which was determined by oxidizing the sample with acidified
potassium dichromate. The percentage of organic matter in the soils was
found in the range of 0.79 % to 5.31 % (Table 3.4.7).
The status of nutrient in soils is judged on the basis of available nitrogen,
phosphorus and total organic matter contents. Available phosphorous was
determined spectrophotometrically where the soil was leached with
sodium bicarbonate and treated with molybdenum blue for colour
development. The nitrogen and phosphorous content of soil in the study
area varied from 37.4 kg/ha to 72.4 kg/ha and 1.9 kg/ha to 67.9 kg/ha
respectively. Soil quality standards as per national bureau of soil sciences
(NBSS) for agricultural activities are shown in Table 3.4.8. Soil samples
65

were also analyzed for heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma
optical Emission Spectras copy (ICP OES) levels of metals (mg/100 gm).
The heavy metals like Ag found as traces and was absent in most of the
locations. The contents of heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn
and Fe in the study area were 1.2 to 2.2 mg/100 gm, 5.9 mg/100 gm to 9.1
mg/100 gm, 42.2 mg/100 gm to 82.2 mg/100 gm, 8.9 mg/100 gm to 22.8
mg/100 gm and 81.1 to 95.8 mg/100 gm respectively. The fertility quality
is presented in Table 3.4.7 and land use pattern and land cover is
presented in Table 3.4.11 and 3.4.12.
3.3.8.3 Soil Microbiology
Various ecological cycles in the Photosphere depend upon the population
of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, which are vital components of land
environment. These micro-organisms help in maintaining the stability of
the land environment Phizobium and Azotobactor are symbiotic and non-
symbiotic nitrogen fixing microorganisms respectively, which improve
soil fertility by fixation of Nitrogen Fungal. Also constitute an important
part of the micro-flora of normal soil they are action in initial stages of
decomposition of plant residues and actively participating in the process
of soil aggregation. The microbiological status of soil in study area is
present in Table 3.4.10.
3.3.8.4 Solid/Hazardous Wastes
The major sources of hazardous waste generation at Monomer Ambernath
are from ETP. Its treatment, mode of disposal and waste category as per
Hazardous waste (Management & Handling rules) amended 2008. List of
Hazardous waste is shown in Table 3.4.15.
3.3.9
3.3.9.1 ETP Sludge
The chemical ETP sludge will be generated from effluent treatment
plant provided in the plant boundary of Monomer Chemicals
Industries Pvt. Ltd. The permissible quantity as per consent to
establish of ETP sludge generation is 500 kg/M. The sludge is pumped
66

to filter press. The dewatered sludge store in separate demarketed
area.
This dried sludge shall be sent to a CHWTSDF. The characteristics of
ETP sludge, TCLP and heavy metals concentration is presented in
Tables 3.4.13 - 3.4.15.
3.3.9.2 Waste/Spent Oil
The major sources of waste oil are mechanical equipments and
scrapped oil from different departments. The permissible quantity of
Wase/Used Oil generation is 100 liters/A.
Table 3.4.1: Sampling Locations: Soil Quality
Sr. No.
Sampling Location
1. South-Haji malang Village
2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM
3. West- North- Rangoli Garden Restaurant
4. East , Caramel Convent School
5. Proposed Site
6. Training Institute At Jambhul gaon
7. Gurukul school

67

Table 3.4.2: Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area
Particle size (%)
Sr.
No.
Sampling Location
Coarse
sand
(%)
Fine
sand
(%)
Silt

(%)
Clay

(%)
Textural
class
Bulk
Density
gm/cm
3

Water
holding
capacity

(%)
Poro
sity

(%)
1.
South-Haji malang
Village
15 43 5 23
Sandy
Clay
Loam
1.3 50.00 72
2.
West- Near GIP Railway
DAM
7.9 6.0 6 21 Slit loam 0.80 54.00 80
3.
West- North- Rangoli
Garden Restaurant
7 53
5 15
Sandy
Loam
1.6 41.00 63
4.
East , Caramel Convent
School
4 41 4 18
Sandy
Loam
1.5 38.00 43
5.
Proposed Site
21 46 8 23
Sandy
Clay
Loam
1.62 42.00 54
6.
Training Institute At
Jambhul gaon
7.5 6.1 6 21 Slit loam 0.87 50.00 88
7.
Gurukul School
7 56
5 15
Sandy
Loam
1.3 47.00 65

68

Table 3.4.3: Chemical Characteristics of Soil Saturation Extract in the Study Area
Sampling Location pH EC Ca
++
Mg
++
Na
+
K
+
Sr. No.
mS/cm meq/l
1. South-Haji malang Village 7.8 0.17 5.7 0.7 5.0 0.8
2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM 7.9 0.30 6.1 1.4 4.1 0.4
3. West- North- Rangoli Garden
Restaurant
7.2 0.15 5.5 1.1 3.1 0.7
4. East , Caramel Convent School 7.3 0.21 4.9 0.9 2.8 0.8
5. Proposed Site 7.7 0.10 6.3 1.1 5.6 1.2
6. Training Institute At Jambhul
gaon
7.3 0.2 5.7 1.3 4.9 0.9
7. Gurukul school 7.2 0.15 5.5 1.1 3.1 0.7

Table 3.4.4: Cation Exchange Capacity of Soil in the Study Area
Ca
2+
Mg
2+
Na
+
K
+
CEC ESP
Sr. No.
Sampling
Location (meq/100 gm) (%)
1. South-Haji malang Village 5.3 0.5 3.4 2.4 35.0 9.6
2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM 5.9 0.8 3.1 2.8 24.0 10.5
3. West- North- Rangoli Garden
Restaurant
5.7 0.2 3.2 2.5 47.9 6.9
4. East , Caramel Convent School 5.2 0.5 3.3 2.3 30.2 5.3
5. Proposed Site 6.1 0.6 3.1 2.6 25.7 15.5
6. Training Institute At Jambhul
gaon
5.7 0.2 3.2 2.5 47.9 6.9
7. Gurukul school 5.2 0.5 3.3 2.3 30.2 5.3

69

Table 3.4.5: Relationship of CEC with Productivity

CEC Range (meq/100g) Productivity Location Sr. Nos.
Very low < 10 Very low -
Low 10 20 Low
Moderate 21 50 Moderate 1,2,3,5,6
High > 50 High 4,7

Table 3.4.6: Relationship of CEC with Absorptivity

CEC Range Absorptivity Location Sr. Nos.
Very low <10 Very low -
Low 10 20 Low -
Moderate 21 30 Moderate 2,10
High >30 High 1,3,4,5,6,7,8

Table 3.4.7: Nutrient and Organic Contents in Soil in the Study Area
N P2O5 K2 Sr.
No.
Sampling Location Organic
matter Kg/ha
1. South-Haji malang Village 1.03 68.2 45.5 97.4
2. West- Near GIP Railway DAM 0.79 72.5 18.6 251.
3. West- North- Rangoli Garden 5.8 38.4 11.5 101.
4. East , Caramel Convent School 1.5 62.0 20.1 96.3
5. Proposed Site 3.2 46.3 67.7 266.
6. Training Institute At Jambhul 2.4 37.6 23.0 88.9
7. Gurukul school 1.9 67.8 34.6 75.7
Level in poor soil <0.5 <280 <23 <133
Level in medium soil 0.5-0.75 280-560 23-57 133-337
Level in fertile soil >0.75 >560.0 >57.0 >337.0

70

Table 3.4.8
Standard Soil Classification
(National Bureau of Soil Sciences, India)
Sr.No. Soil Test Classification
< 4.5 extremely acidic
4.51- 5.00 very strongly acidic
5.51-6.0 moderately acidic
6.01-6.50 slightly acidic
6.51-7.30 Neutral
7.31-7.80 Slightly alkaline
7.81-8.51 moderately alkaline
8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline
1 pH
> 9.01 Very strongly alkaline
upto 1.00 Average
1.01-2.00 harmful to germination
2.01-3.00 harmful to crops
2
Salinity Electrical
Conductivity (mmhos/cm)
(1 mmhos/cm-640ppm)
(Sensitive to salts)
upto 0.2 very less
0.21-0.4 less
0.41-0.5 medium
0.51 - 0.8 on an average sufficient
3 Organic Carbon (%)
0.81-1.00 sufficient
71

Sr.No. Soil Test Classification
> 1.0 more than sufficient
upto 50 very less
51-100 less
101-150 good
151-300 better
4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha)
> 300 sufficient
upto 15 very less
16-30 less
31-50 medium
51-65 on an average sufficient
66-80 sufficient
5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha)
> 80 more than sufficient
0-120 very less
121-180 less
241-300 average
301-360 better
6 Potassium (Kg/ha)
> 360 more than sufficient

72

Table 3.4.9: Heavy Metals Contents in Soil

Cd Cr Co Cu Ni Pb Mn Zn Ag Fe Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location (mg/100 g)
1. South-Haji malang
Village
2.0 5.2 71.5 13.6 9.8 9.2 22.3 11.3 Traces 92.0
2. West- Near GIP
Railway DAM
1.8 5.0 65.8 10.3 13.0 9.6 25.1 13.2 Traces 89.3
3. West- North-
Rangoli Garden
Restaurant
2.0 7.5 42.0 13.5 12.7 3.0 12.4 16.1 ND 95.2
4. East , Caramel
Convent School
1.9 6.1 53.0 12.8 10.2 7.9 13.1 12.0 ND 75.0
5. Proposed Site
2.3 8.2 73.4 12.5 5.6 2.3 20.3 19.2 Traces 90.2
6. Training Institute
At Jambhul gaon
1.9 5.4 68 10.6 13.0 9.6 25.7 13.0 Traces 89.3
7. Gurukul school
2.0 7.3 46.0 13.5 12.7 3.0 12.9 16.7 ND 95.6

ND:- Not Detected
Detection Limit of lamp :- Ag- 0.01 mg/l

73

Table 3.4.10: Microbiological Characteristics of Soil

TVC Fungi Actinomycet Rhizobiu Azotobact Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location CFU/gm of soil
1. South-Haji
malang Village
12x10
6
18x10
3
12x10
3
16x10
3
9x10
3

2. West- Near GIP
Railway DAM
13x10
6
12x10
3
20x10
3
7x10
3
9x10
3

3. West- North-
Rangoli Garden
Restaurant
9x10
6
13x10
3
13x10
3
9x10
3
4x10
3

4. East , Caramel
Convent School
10x10
6
8x10
3
9x10
3
11x10
3
5x10
3

5. Proposed Site 8x10
6
10x10
3
8x10
3
7x10
3
7x10
3

6. Training Institute
At Jambhul gaon
9x10
6
13x10
3
13x10
3
9x10
3
4x10
3

7. Gurukul school 10x10
6
8x10
3
9x10
3
11x10
3
5x10
3

TVC Total Viable Count
CFU Colony Forming Unit

74

Table 3.4.11: Landuse/Landcover Classification System
Sr. No.
Level I Level II
1.1
Built-up land
1.2 Road
1. Built-up Land
1.3
Railway
2.1 Crop land
2. Agricultural Land
2.2
Fallow (Residual)
3.1 Evergreen/Semi-evergreen forest
3.2 Deciduous forest
3.3 Degraded/Scrub land
3.4 Forest blank
3.5 Forest plantation
3.6 Mangrove
3. Forest
3.7
Cropland in forest
4.1 Salt affected land
4.2 Waterlogged land
4.3 Marshy/Swampy land
4.4 Gullied/Ravinous land
4.5 Land with or without scrub
4.6 Sandy area (coastal and desertic)
4. Wasteland
4.7
Barren rocky/Stony
waste/sheet rock area
75

Sr. No.
Level I Level II
5.1 River/Stream
5.2 Lake/Reservoir 5. Water bodies
5.3
Tank/Canal
6.1 Grassland/Grazing land
6.2 Shifting cultivation
6. Others
6.3
Snow cover/Glacial area

Table 3.4.12: Landuse and Land Cover in Study Area

Sr. No Landuse/ landcover Classes Area in Sq. km

1. Urban Zone U1 21.51
2. Urban Zone U2 0.03
3. Industrial Zone 6.89
4. Forest Zone 2.83
5. Green Zone 5.55
6. Water Body 0.97
TOTAL 34.14

76

Table 3.4.13: Characteristics of ETP Sludge (Analysis report of Unit I ETP Sludge)

Sr.No. Parameters Chemical Sludge
1. PH 9.0
2. Calorific Value 1236 cal/gm
3. LOD 105
o
C 8.64%
4. LOI 550
o
C 30.58%

77

Table 3.4.14 : Heavy Metals Concentration in ETP Sludge
Unit: mg/kg
Sr.
No.
Sample
Details
Hg Zn Cd As Ni Pb Cu Cr

1.
ETP
Chemical
Sludge
Traces 35 8.00 Traces Traces 5.0 7.0 4.00

Limits
50 20000 50 50 5000 5000 5000 5000
(Refer Report for Unit 1 of ETP sludge analyzed by MWML)

Sr.No Cat.
No.
Name of waste Qty. T/A Mode of Disposal as
given in
Authorization
1 34.3 ETP Sludge 500 kg/M Send to CHWTSDF
2 26.1 Process Sludge 60 Kg/ M Send to CHWTSDF
3 5.1 Waste/Spent Oil 100 liters/A Send to CPCB
authorized recycler

78

Fig 3.4.1 Soil Sampling Locations in Study Area

79

1) First Dominance Sandy Clay Loam
2) Second Dominance Sandy Loam
3) Third Dominance Sandy Clay
Fig. 3.4.2 : Soil Textural Diagram
80

3.5Ecological&BiologicalEnvironment

Description of ecological environment accompanied with possible important
delineation is essential to impact assessment process. Biological environment
has been defined as all plants & animals in a given place and time and a
description of them. Also it is defined as a Science that concerns itself with
the interrelationships of living organisms, plants and animals and their
environment However only description of plants and animals is not just
sufficient for the EIA, but it is important to know how these components will
be affected aversively or positively due to the proposed activities.
The study area includes the core region of proposed regional sites for
treatment, processing and scientific landfill for MSW and the adjoining area
of 10 km radius from the periphery of each site. The sampling locations were
selected after the reconnaissance of the whole study area which includes
seven sampling points for the terrestrial vegetation. According to the Biomass
studies (CEE 1997) the sites having most diversified flora have been identified
for quadrant studies and assessment of quality.

The reconnaissance revealed that the land around project site is covered
with number of chemical, textiles, bulk drugs Industries. The location of
plot is in notified industrial area. All necessary infrastructures is provided
by MIDC, Govt. of Maharashtra.

3.5.2 Terrestrial Biology
The terrestrial flora and fauna are assessed through following parameters:

3.5.2.1 Flora
Methodology
Biologists and plant ecologists use a number of methods to study vegetation
communities. Most sampling methods are quantitative, which involves
collecting data on numbers of individuals, plant sizes and the amount of space
occupied by target plants. Qualitative methods are also occasionally used to
quickly define a plant community simply by observation.
81

The most common quantitative sampling methods are the quadrate method.
The quardrant method allows the user to define a fixed area, called a plot,
within which plant character can be measured. Usually, a rectangular or square
quadrant frame is used to define the sampling area, although a quadrat can
also be an identified are within a site. Although, the exact experimental design
will determine where and how many samples are taken, the procedure always
involves measuring plant character of only those plants inside the quadrat.
Quadrates sampling usually attempts to define plant community characteristics
for an area much larger than the actual area to be studied. Quadrat site will be
representing the entire habitat and that eliminate the human factor.

After reconnaissance site visit, during which quantitative characters were
noted, detailed studies were carried out with the help of quadrants in
representative stretches of vegetation as given in Fig 3.5.3. Three sampling sites
were selected for terrestrial vegetation given in Table 3.5.1.

The vegetation was studied by using standard phyto-sociological methods
devised by J. Braun Blanquet and modified by different workers from time to
time.

The method of study falls under three heads:
i. General description of plant community (Species listing)
ii. Frequency, density and abundance study by quadrat method

Quadrat : Overall 10 quadrates were plotted in the whole study are for terrestrial
vegetation. Structure of a piece of vegetation is determined using quadrat
method which is polled randomly at the selected sites in the places of dense
places with different species. Quadrat was a square area 10 x 10 meters laid
down randomly in the area of study.

Frequency, abundance and density assessment provide multiple levels of
useful information. Frequency indicate the number of sampling units in which a
given species occurs and thus expresses the numerical strength of a species in
the community. Dominance is the relative prevalence of individuals of a species
that results from their numbers and massiveness. The concept of importance
82

Value Index (IVI) has been developed to express the dominance and ecological
success of any species. The index was calculated by summing the three relative
values viz; relative frequency, relative density and relative dominance as per the
methods of curtis 19590 and Phillips 19590. The higher value of IVI indicates that
all the available resources are being utilized by that species and left over are
being trapped by another species as the competitors and associate. The high IVI
of a species indicated its dominance and ecological success, in the form of its
better regeneration and greater ecological amplitude.

Following formula were used to calculated quantitative characters :

Frequency = Number of quadrat in which the species occur X 100
Total number of quadrats studied

Abundance = Total No. of individual
Occurrence of quadrats

Density = Total No. of individual
Total No. of quadrats studied

Frequency of species x 100
Relative Frequency = Sum of frequency values of all species

Relative Density = No. of individuals of a species x 100
Total No. of individuals of all species

Relative Dominance = Basal area of species x 100
Total basal area of all species

Importance Value Index (IVI) = Relative Frequency + Relative Density +
Relative Dominance
The main objective of ecological survey is to collect the baseline terrestrial biodiversity
status regarding flora and fauna in the Project Influence Area, (10Km surrounding the project
site).
83

The terrestrial eco-system of the study area is dominated by forest on hills, foothills. The details
of assessment techniques used are discussed below

Fig 3.5.1 Biological Sampling Locations in Study Area

84

Macrophyte
Historically, Butcher et al. (1924) were the first persons who recognized the importance of
biological analysis in overall assessment of aquatic environment. Detailed biological knowledge
also helps in the development of lake management policies. The faunal diversity of Indian sub-
continent is very rich, consisting of about 7% of the world fauna and thus is recognized as one
of the hot spot of bio-diversity (Jairajpuri, 1991). To protect and conserve this rich bio-diversity
it is necessary to enlist the bio-diversity of various habitats. Present study is an attempt to
document the macrophyte of the said study area so as to know the present ecological status.
During the study, a total of 129 species were recorded in the Entire study area. These belong to
83 genera and 51 families.
Table 1. List of the plant species found in the Entire study area
Sr
No
Botanical Name Habit Family Local Names
1 Abelmoschus manihot H Malvaceae Ran Bhindi
2 Abrus precatorius S Fabaceae Gunja
3 Abutilon indicum S Malvaceae Country Mallow
4 Acacia auriculiformis T Mimosaceae Australian wattle
5 Acacia catechu T Mimosaceae Khair
6 Acacia nilotica T Mimosaceae Babool
7 Acanthus ilicifolius S Acanthaceae Sea Holly
8 Acmella paniculata H Asteraceae Panicled spot
9 Adansonia digitata T Malvaceae Gorakh limli
10 Adhatoda vasica S Acanthaceae Adulsa
11 Aegle marmelos T Rutaceae Golden Apple, Bel
12 Ageratum houstonianum H Compositae Mexican Floss flower
13 Albizia lebbek T Fabaceae Siris
14 Alstonia scholaris T Apocynaceae Saitan
15 Amaranthus spinosus H Amaranthaceae Prickly Amaranth
16 Annona reticulata T Annonaceae Ramphal
17 Annona squamosa T Annonaceae Sitaphal
18 Areca catechu T Arecaceae Supari
19 Argemone mexicana S Papaveraceae Mexican Poppy
20 Artocarpus altilis T Moraceae Bread Fruit
21 Artocarpus heterophyllus T Moraceae Jack fruit
22 Azadirachta indica T Meliaceae Nim
23 Azanza lampas S Malvaceae Common Mallow
24 Bacopa monnieri H Scrophularaiceae Brahmi
25 Barrintonia acutangula T Leythidaceae Datriphal
85

26 Bauhinia purpurea T Fabaceae Camel Hoof
27 Bauhinia racemosa T Fabaceae Apta
28 Boerhavia diffusa H Nyctaginaceae Common Hogweed
29 Bombax ceiba T Bombaceae Silk Cotton Tree
30 Borassus flabelifer T Arecaceae Tad
31 Bougainvillea spectabilis C Nyctaginaceae Bogainvel
32 Butea monosperma T Fabaceae Phalas, Butea Gum Tree
33 Calotropis gigantea S Asclepiadaceae Ruhi
34 Calycopteris floribunda C Combretaceae Paper Flower climber
35 Canna sp. S Cannaceae Canna
36 Capparis decidua S Capparaceae Bare Caper
37 Carica papaya T Caricaceae Papaya
38 Carissa carandas S Apocynaceae Karaunda
39 Caryota urens T Arecaceae Fishtail Palm
40 Cassia fistula T Fabaceae Golden shower
41 Casuarina equisetifolia T Casuarinaceae Cassowary Tree
42 Celosia argentea H Amaranthaceae Silver spiked cockscomb

Table 1. (Cont.) List of the plant species found in the Entire study area
Sr
No
2 Chromolaena odorata H Compositae Common Floss Flower
3 Cleom viscosa H Cleomaceae Yellow spider flower
4 Clerodendrum inerme S Verbenaceae Indian privet
5 Clerodendrum thomsoniae C Verbenaceae Bleeding Heart Vine
6 Cocos nucifera P Arecaceae Coconut
7 Colocasia esculenta H Araceae Taro, Arvi
8 Cottonia penduncularis H Orchidaceae Bee Orchid
9 Crotalaria filipes H Fabaceae Creeping Hemp
10 Cuscuta epithymum C Convolvulaceae Sana
11 Cynodon dactylon H Poaceae Haryali
12 Cyperus alternifolius H Cyperaceae Umbrella Palm
13 Cyperus eragrostis H Cyperaceae Umbrella Sedge
14 Datura metel S Solanaceae Thorn Apple, Dhatura
15 Datura stramonium H Solanaceae Jimson Weed, Dhatura
16 Delonix regia T Fabaceae Gulmohar
17 Dendrocalamus gigantenus H Poaceae Male bamboo
18 Eclipta prostrata H Asteraceae False Daisy
19 Erythrina variegata T Fabaceae Indian Coral Tree,
Pangara
20 Eucalyptus globulus T Myrtaceae Nilgiri
21 Euphorbia antiquorum T Euphorbiaceae Tridhara
22 Euphorbia heterophylla H Euphorbiaceae Lesser Green Poinsettia
23 Euphorbia hirta H Euphorbiaceae Dudhi
86

24 Ficus bengalensis T Moraceae Vad
25 Ficus elastica T Moraceae Rubber Tree
26 Ficus hispida T Moraceae Katgularia
27 Ficus recemosa T Moraceae Clustered Fig
28 Ficus religiosa T Moraceae Pimple
29 Ficus glomerata T Moraceae Kappa
30 Gardenia resinifera T Rubiaceae Dikamali
31 Gliricidia gummifera S Rubiaceae Cambi Gum Tree
32 Haplanthodes verticillatus H Acanthaceae Spiny bottle Brush
33 Helicteres isora T Sterculiaceae Punj
34 Hibiscus hirtus S Malvaceae Lesser White Mallow
35 Hibiscus rosa-sinnesis S Malvaceae China Rose
36 Holarrhena pubesens T Apocynaceae Kuda
37 Ipomea carnea S Convolvulaceae Besharam
38 Ipomea hederiflia C Convolvulaceae Red Star Glory
39 Ipomea obscura C Convolvulaceae Lessar Glory
40 Ipomea pes-caprae C Convolvulaceae Goats Foot Glory
41 Ixora coccinea S Rubiaceae Jungle Flame, Rukmini
42 Jasminum malabaricum S Oleaceae Ban Mogra
43 Jasminum sambac S Oleaceae Mogra

Sr
No
1 Lagerstoemia speciosa T Lythraceae Jarul
2 Lantana camara H Verbenaceae Common Lantana
3 Lawsonie inermis S Lythraceae Henna
4 Lea macrophylla S Leaceae Hathikana
5 Leucaena leucocephala T Fabaceae Subabul
6 Madhuca indica T Sapotaceae Indian Butter Tree
7 Mangifera indica T Arecaceae Mango
8 Manilkara zapota T Sapotaceae Chikoo
9 Melia azadarach T Meliacea Bead Tree
10 Michelia champaca T Magnoliaceae Son-Champa
11 Mimosa pudica H Mimosaceae Touch-me-not
12 Morinda pubescens T Rubiaceae Indian Mulberry
13 Moringa oleifera T Moringaceae Drumstick
14 Mucuna pruiens C Fabaceae Common cowitch
15 Musa paradisiaca H Musaceae Banana
16 Neolamarckia cadamba T Rubiaceae Kadamba
17 Nerium oleander T Apocynaceae Kaner, Oleander
18 Ocimum basilicum H Lamiaceae Ram Tulsi
19 Ocimum tenuiflorum H Lamiaceae Holly Basil
20 Oxalis corniculata H Bignoniaceae Tayitu
87

21 Peltophorum pterocarpum T Fabaceae Peltophorum, Copper-
Pod
22 Phoenix sylvestris P Arecaceae Khajur, Wild Date Palm
23 Phyllanthus acidus T Phyllanthaceae Star Gooseberry
24 Piper nigrum C Piperaceae Black Pepper
25 Plumbago zeylanica T Plumbaginaceae Chitrak
26 Plumeria alba T Apocynaceae Lal Champa
27 Polyalthia longifolia T Annonaceae Ashoka
28 Pongamia pinnata T Fabaceae Karanj
29 Portulaca oleracea H Portulacaceae Khursa
30 Psidium guajava T Myrtaceae Peru
31 Putranjiva roxburghi T Euphorbiaceae Putranjiva
32 Ricinus communis T Euphorbiaceae Castor
33 Roystonea regia T Arecaceae Bottle Palm
34 Samanea saman T Fabaceae Rain Tree
35 Scoparia dulcis H Scrophulariaceae Sweet Broom
36 Senna alata S Caesalpiniaceae Candle Cassia
37 Sida acuta S Malvaceae Common Sida
38 Spathodea campanulata T Bignoniaceae African Tulip
39 Sterculia urens T Sterculiaceae Ghost Tree
40 Syzygium cumini T Myrtaceae Jamun
41 Tamarindus indica T Fabaceae Tamarind, Ambli
42 Terminalia catapa T Combretaceae Deshi Badam

Sr
No
1 Tectona grandis T Verbenaceae Teak, Sagwan
2 Terminalia arjuna T Combretaceae Arjun
3 Thespesia populnea T Malvaceae Portia
4 Thevetia peruviana T Apocynaceae Pila Kaner
5 Tridax procumbens H Copositae Coat Buttons
6 Typha angustata H Typhaceae Long-bracted Cattail
7 Urena lobata S Malvaceae Common Purple Mallow
8 Vitex negundo S Verbenaceae Nirgundi
9 Xanthium strumarium H Asteraceae Chota Dhatura
10 Ziziphus mauritiana T Rhamnaceae Ber

88

Habitats No. of Species
Herb 31
Shrub 26
Tree 72
Total 129

Table 2. List of the plant species observed within E1
Sr
No
24 Datura stramonium H Solanaceae Jimson Weed, Dhatura
89

35 Ipomea pes-caprae C Convolvulaceae Goats Foot Glory
44 Tamarindus indica T Fabaceae Tamarind, Ambli

Sr
No
24 Lagerstoemia speciosa
90

26 Lawsonie inermis S Lythraceae Henna
27 Lea macrophylla S Leaceae Hathikana
31 Manilkara zapota T Sapotaceae Chikoo
40 Ocimum basilicum H Lamiaceae Ram Tulsi
41 Ocimum tenuiflorum H Lamiaceae Holly Basil
46 Plumeria alba T Apocynaceae Lal Champa
49 Psidium guajava T Myrtaceae Peru

91

Sr
No
25 Dendrocalamus gigantenus H Poaceae Male bamboo
26 Eclipta prostrata H Asteraceae False Daisy
27 Erythrina variegata T Fabaceae Indian Coral Tree,
Pangara
29 Euphorbia antiquorum T Euphorbiaceae Tridhara
30 Euphorbia hirta H Euphorbiaceae Dudhi
33 Ficus recemosa T Moraceae Clustered Fig
34 Ficus religiosa T Moraceae Pimple
35 Gardenia resinifera T Rubiaceae Dikamali
36 Haplanthodes verticillatus H Acanthaceae Spiny bottle Brush
37 Hibiscus hirtus S Malvaceae Lesser White Mallow
40 Ipomea obscura C Convolvulaceae Lessar Glory
92

51 Musa paradisiaca H Musaceae Banana
60 Portulaca oleracea H Portulacaceae Khursa
65 Spathodea campanulata T Bignoniaceae African Tulip
70 Tridax procumbens H Copositae Coat Buttons
74 Xanthium strumarium H Asteraceae Chota Dhatura
75 Ziziphus mauritiana T Rhamnaceae Ber

93

Table 5. Importance Value Index (IVI) by using quantitative characters of vegetation in the
study area
Sr
No
Species (Observed in
Quadrants)
Relative Frequency
Relative
Density
Relative
Dominance
IVI
1 Acacia catechu 6.9 8.2 5.8 20.9
2 Acacia nilotica 5.9 7.5 5.3 18.7
3 Alstonia scholaris 8.8 6.1 2.5 17.4
4 Butea monosperma 7.8 7.2 11.3 26.3
5 Bauhinia racemosa 7.8 7.7 2.0 17.5
6 Cassia fistula 6.9 7.9 3.8 18.6
7 Erythrina variegata 6.9 5.8 10.2 22.9
8 Ficus bengalensis 3.9 8.4 13.8 26.1
9 Ficus hispida 6.9 4.6 3.8 15.3
10 Ficus recemosa 5.9 6.8 .3 17.9
11 Ficus religiosa 4.9 5.6 9.1 19.6
12 Ficus glomerata 5.9 5.1 7.1 18.1
13 Lagerstoemia speciosa 6.9 4.4 10.2 21.5
14 Madhuca indica 3.9 6.3 9.1 19.3
15 Neolamarckia cadamba 3.9 3.7 10.8 18.4
16 Peltophorum
pterocarpum
6.9 4.4 8.5 19.8

The IVI value observed to be high for the Butea monosperma (26.3), Ficus bengalensis (26.1),
Erythrina variegate(22.9), Lagerstoemia speciosa (21.5), Acacia catechu (20.9), Peltophorum
pterocarpum (19.8,) Ficus religiosa (19.6), Madhuca indica (19.3) and indicating the predominance of
plant species in the study area. The lowest value found for the plant species are Acacia nilotica
(18.7), Cassia fistula (18.6), Neolamarckia cadamba (18.4), Ficus glomerata (18.1) Bauhinia racemosa
(17.5 ), Alstonia scholaris (17.4), Ficus hispida (15.3). It is strongly recommended that those
species obtained highest IVI values should be used for the plantation while implementing the
green belt planting.
Simpson's Diversity Index:
A community dominated by one or two species is considered to be less diverse than one in
which several different species have a similar abundance.
Simpson's Diversity Index is a measure of diversity which takes into account the number of
species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and
evenness increase, so diversity increases.

94

n = the total number of organisms of a particular species
N = the total number of organisms of all species
The value of D ranges between 0 and 1. With this index, 1 represents infinite diversity and 0,
no diversity.

Sr No
Family Number (n) n(n-1)
1 Acanthaceae 2 2
2 Amaranthaceae 2 2
3 Annonaceae 2 2
4 Apocynaceae 4 12
5 Arecaceae 4 12
6 Asclepiadaceae 1 0
7 Asteraceae 2 2
8 Bignoniaceae 2 2
9 Bombaceae 1 0
10 Caesalpiniaceae 1 0
11 Cannaceae 1 0
12 Capparaceae 1 0
13 Caricaceae 1 0
14 Casuarinaceae 1 0
15 Cleomaceae 1 0
16 Combretaceae 3 6
17 Compositae 3 6
18 Convolvulaceae 1 0
19 Cyperaceae 1 0
20 Euphorbiaceae 2 2
21 Fabaceae 4 12
22 Lamiaceae 1 0
23 Leaceae 1 0
24 Leythidaceae 1 0
25 Lythraceae 1 0
26 Magnoliaceae 1 0
27 Malvaceae 4 12
28 Meliacea 2 2
29 Mimosaceae 2 2
30 Moraceae 2 2
31 Moringaceae 1 0
32 Musaceae 1 0
33 Myrtaceae 2 2
34 Nyctaginaceae 1 0
95

35 Oleaceae 1 0
36 Orchidaceae 1 0
37 Papaveraceae 1 0
38 Phyllanthaceae 1 0
39 Piperaceae 1 0
40 Plumbaginaceae 1 0
41 Poaceae 1 0
41 Portulacaceae 1 0
42 Rhamnaceae 1 0
43 Rubiaceae 2 2
44 Rutaceae 1 0
45 Sapotaceae 1 0
46 Scrophularaiceae 2 2
47 Solanaceae 2 2
48 Sterculiaceae 2 2
49 Typhaceae 1 0
50 Verbenaceae 3 6
51 Total 83 94

N = 83 n(n-1) = 94

D = 1- [94/83(83-1)]
Simpson's Index of Diversity = 0.98
The calculated Simpsons Index of Diversity in the study area is 0.98

Avian Diversity
Birds have been considered as useful biological indicators because they are ecologically
versatile and live in all kinds of habitats as herbivores or carnivores (Jarvinen and
Vaisanen, 1979). The aquatic avifauna is susceptible to the changes in wetlands;
similarly they are more conspicuous in an ecosystem and hence can be easily observed
for monitoring the change taking place (Morrison, 1986). Some birds are migratory,
96

which are responsible for fluctuations in the population of birds that occur during
different seasons of the year, which may help to know whether area is normal or getting
polluted, as total absence of birds from any area may be considered as pollution
indication (Borale et al., 1994).
During the present investigation, 30 bird species including aquatic and non aquatic birds were
recorded. The present study revealed presence of 30 species of birds belonging to 19 families
and 26 generas. Out of these, 22 species were resident, 04 migrant, 03local migrants species
were observed. Individuals of family Ardeidae were found to be dominant, representing 05
species. Most of the bird species were observed in winter due to more food availability and
favorable climatic conditions for nesting and roosting. The density and diversity of water birds
are influenced by rainfall, temperature, humidity and cloudiness (Gross-custard, 1985).

Table 6 gives the list of avifauna recorded in the study area.
Table List of Avifauna Recorded in the Study area
SR.
NO.
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME STATUS
KINDS OF
HABITATS
Family: Megalaimidae - Barbets
1
Coppersmith (Crimson Breasted) Barbet
Megalaima haemacephala R, C Frugivorous
Family: Meropidae Bee eaters
2 Small Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis R, C Insectivorous
Family: Pycnonotidae Bulbuls
3 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R, C Omnivorous
4 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus R, UC Omnivorous
Family: Phalacrocoracidae - Cormorants
5 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis R, UC Piscivorous
97

6 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger R, C Piscivorous
Family: Corvidae - Crows, Treepies
7 House Crow Corvus splendens R, C Omnivorous
Family: Cuculidae - Cuckoos
8 Pied Crested (Jacobin) Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus M, UC Insectivorous
9 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R, UC Insectivorous
Family: Columbidae - Doves & Pigeons
10 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia R, C Granivorous
Family: Dicruridae - Drongos
11 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus LM, UC Insectivorous

Family: Accipitridae - Hawks, Eagles,
Harriers, Kites, Vulture

12 Shikra Accipiter badius M, C Carnivorous
13 Black Kite Milvus migrans R, C Carnivorous
Family: Ardeidae - Egrets, Herons
14 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R, C Carnivorous
15 Little Egret Egretta garzetta R, C Carnivorous
16 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax R, C Carnivorous
17 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii R, C Carnivorous
18 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea R, UC Carnivorous

Family: Upupidae - Hoopoe
19 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops M, UC Insectivorous
Family: Alcedinidae - Kingfishers
20 Common (Small Blue) Kingfisher Alcedo atthis LM, C Piscivorous
21 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis R, C Piscivorous
98

Family: Rallidae
22 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus R, C Omnivorous
Family: Sturnidae - Starlings, Mynas
23 Common or Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis R, C Omnivorous
24 Asian Pied (Pied Myna) Starling Sturnus contra R, C Omnivorous
Family: Scolopacidae
25 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos M, C Carnivorous
Family: Charadriidae
26 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa M, C Omnivorous
Family: Strigidae
27 Barn Owl Tyto alba R, UC Carnivorous
28 Spotted Owlet Athene brama R, UC Carnivorous
Family: Oriolidae
29 Black hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus LM, C Omnivorous
Family: Estrildidae
30 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata R, C Granivorous
Abbreviations= Resident; M= Migrant; LM= Local Migrant; C= Common; UC= Uncommon
PondHeron Green Bee Eater Common Munia

99

Green Belt Development Plan
The green belt should be developed on the basis of following criteria:
Absorbs air pollutants
Resistant to specific air pollutants
Fast growing
Thick canopy cover
Perennial and ever green
Large leaf area index
In green belt, following species are may be planted:
Casuriana equsetifolia
Peltoforum species
Syzygium Cumini
Delonix regia
Acacia auriculoformis
Saraca indica
Eucalyptus spcies
Dalbergia latifolia
Cassia fistula
Anacardium occidnetale
Pongamia pinnata
Areca catechu
Cocos Nucifera
100

101

3.6SocioEconomicEnvironment
The socio-economic component of environment with reference to human interest,
aesthetics and cultural attributes needs to be studied while delineating
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for achieving desired target without
impairing the quality of life. In order to carry out such studies information on
issues such as effect on income and employment, life style, infrastructural
facilities have been considered to evaluate quality of life.
Baseline data on socio-economic parameters such as demography is generated
based on District Census Handbook (2001).

3.5.3 Baseline Status surveyed in the Study Area
Demographic data such as number of households, population and
community structure of the villages surveyed, are presented in Table
3.6.1. The following observations have been made based on the
demographic information from District Census Handbook (soft copy
2011). The villages surveyed for socioeconomic study are presented in fig.
3.6.1. The study area comprises villages from Ambernath.

3.5.4 Demographic Structure
The total population of the study area is 45,240.
Literacy rate is 71% which is similar to state average 73%.
The sex ratio is 905 females per thousand males.
Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribal population constitutes 2.11 & 0.09
% of the total population respectively which is too low.
The employment rate is 88 which are similar to the state average %.

3.5.5 Infrastructural Set up
The data on infrastructural set up is presented in the3.6.2 and the
observations made during the study period are as follows:
All most all the villages of the study area have educational facilities in
the terms of primary & middle school. Dwarli, katrap, Morivali,
Jambhul villages have schooling facility up to 10
th
class.
MIDC water supply is the only drinking water source for the villagers.
Primary health center (PHC) is exists at Additional Ambernath,
however sub center is available at Ambernath
Bus service is available in almost all the villages
102

Electricity is available in almost all of the village in the study area

3.5.6 Health Status
The data on morbidity pattern of the study area were collected from Rural
medical dispensary. During rainy season the frequency of malarial
infection is high which is due to the stagnation of water in the water
logging areas.

3.5.7 Economic Resource Base
The study area is hilly. The economy of the study area is not agriculture
dominant. The Employment pattern of the study area is presented in FIG.
3.6.1. which depicts that approximately 8 % of the workers are engaged in
agricultural and its allied activities and 90% people are involved in the
activities like trade & commerce, construction etc.
3.5.8 Cultural and Aesthetic Attributes
No significant archaeological setup or historical monuments are present in
the study area.
Socio economic survey
Socio economic survey was undertaken in the 5 villages of the study area
to collect information on awareness & opinion of the local population
about the proposed expansion of project. The survey was undertaken to
estimate quality of life (QOL) of the people with the help of predesigned
set of questionnaires. The survey refers to adult, males, females, on a
proportional, stratified and random sampling basis.
The observations made during survey are:
o Educational facilities are limited to primary & middle school & in
some of the villages these are extended to Higher secondary.
o The private, Govt. buses & personnel transport are the only mode
of transportation in the area.
o The terrain is hilly and the road conditions are very bad during
rainy season except road which comes under MIDC perview.
o Very Low agriculture related activities are going on during
mansoon. Only rainfed crops are grown on hilly terrain.

103

3.5.9 Awareness & opinion of the people
The people are well aware about the Additional MIDC zone. Nobody is
against the industries The localites opined that all the companies should
carry out activity to control pollutions similarly to that of MONOMER
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES PVT. LTD. so that the environment they live
will not be damaged.

Community Development Activities by Monomer
As a good gesture towards the community M/s. Monomer Chemical
Industries Pvt. Ltd. Will help the near by community financially for
education as will as for cultural upliftment.

3.5.10 Quality of Life

Quality of life is the function of the objective conditions and subjective
attitudes involving defined area of concern. The Objective conditions
are defined as numerically measurable artifacts of a physical event,
sociological event or economic event. Objective conditions may be defined
as any number, which stands for a given quality of variable of interest so
long as it is independent of subjective opinion. Subjective attitude is
primarily concerned with affective and cognitive dimensions. It is
especially concerned with how aspects of cognition vary with variation in
objective conditions.
Once objective measures are obtained for each factor they are transformed
to a normal scale varying from 0 to 1 (value function curve) in which zero
corresponds to the lowest and 1 to the highest. The weights are assigned
to each factor by pair wise comparison technique by the experts group
based on the secondary data and general observations.
For each objective measure, a corresponding subjective measure is
developed for each individual factor. Again, the 0 and 1 scale (value
function curve) is used. Weights are assigned to each factor using ranked-
pairwise comparison technique.

104

The socio-economic indicators for QOL Assessment are:
Employment and working conditions, Income
Housing
Food
Clothing
Water supply and Sanitation
Health
Energy
Transportation and Communication
Education
Environment and Pollution
Recreation
Social security
Human rights
For evaluation of quality of life, subjective and objective QOL indices have
been estimated. Cumulative QOL index is an average of subjective and
objective QOL indices. The index values for individual socio-economic
indicator are calculated as follows:
Objective Quality of Life
i = n
QOL
o
= Ql
1
x W
1

Where, QOL
o
= Objective Quality of Life Index
N = No. of QOL Factors
I = 1, ...,n
Ql
1
= Satisfaction level (assigned by the expert group) for the

i
th
objective indicator
W1 = Normalized weight for i
th
factor

Subjective Quality of Life
105

m p
QOL
s
= 1/p Ql
ij
x W
1

i=1 j=1
Where,
QOLs = Subjective Quality of Life Index
P = No. of Respondents, j = 1,., p
M = No. of Factors, I = 1, .,m
Ql
ij
= Subjective Quality Index for i
th
factor assigned by j
th

respondents
Qlij = Subjective Quality Index for i
th
factor assigned by al
respondents in an area
W1 = Weight of the i
th
factor
III. Quality of Life (Cumulative Index)

QOL (o) + QOL (s)
QOL =
2
Table 3.6.1: Demographic Profile of Study Area
Population
Sr.
no.
Village
No. of
House
Holds
Total M F
SC ST Literates
1 Dwarl Gaon
197
24900
13301 11900 14 0 20685
2 Vasat Village 1213 25500 12195 12090 197 23 21262
3 Jambhul
119
26300
12980 12354 68 0 19438
4 Vadavli
108
27100
13200 11120 16 0 19390
5 Morivali
2675
23500
12900 11220 124 4 18610
106

SC : Scheduled Casts , ST : Scheduled Tribe, M : Male, F : Female
Source : District census handbook ( soft copy 2001)

3.6 Identification of Impacts
The major element involved in the process of environmental impact
assessment is identification of impacts as it leads to other elements such as
quantification and evaluation of impacts. Although, in general, character of
impacts have been identified while describing existing environmental status,
it is necessary at this stage to identify the critical likely impacts. for various
components of environment, in the context of regional scenario.
Various techniques are available for identification of impacts. In the present
case for the activities related to the Dyes & Dyes Intermediate Industry,
Monomer Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Adaptation of "Network Method" which
involves understanding of cause-condition-effect relationship between an
activity and environmental parameters for identification of impacts has been
found to be most appropriate methodology.

The detailed list of activities and actions described earlier in this report have
been taken into consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect
networks (i.e. chains of events) in recognizing the series of impacts that
would be triggered by the proposed activity.
The method accounts for the project activity and identifies the types of
impacts, which would initially occur. The next step related to analysis of each
impact and identifies the secondary and tertiary impacts, which are induced
as a result. This process is repeated until all possible impacts are identified.
6 Belavali
708
25200
13500 12300 54 0 19491
7 Juweli
165
24100
14600 13960 6 0 22546
8 Shirgaon
304
25000
13630 11510 0 0 20180
9 Katrap
88
26403
13300 12103 6 0 19529
10 Sonivali
925
26000
13400 12440 153 0 20576
Total 6502 254003 133006 120997 638 27 201707
107

The identified impacts for various components of environment; viz. air, noise,
surface and ground water, land, biology and socio-economic environment are
presented in Figs. 3.7.1 to 3.7.7. It is to be noted that in these illustrations the
lines are to be read, as "has an effect on".

Construction
Phase
Operation
Phase
Project
Release of Air
Pollutants
Release of
Heat
Change in
Air Quality
Impact on
Visibility
Particulates
Deposition on Soil,
Water, Land
Climatic
Changes
Aesthetic
Impact
Impact on
Agricultural
Produce
Impact on
Flora & Fauna
Impact on Human
Health
Impact on
Economic Output
Impact on
Socio-Cultural
Environment
Activity
Secondary
Impacts
Tertiary
Impacts
Primary
Impacts
108

Project
Operation Phase
Construction Phase
Economic Input
Capital/C&M Cost
Economic Output
Product Cost
Demand for Work Force
Net Income
Output
Change in
Economic base
of the Region
Development
of Ancillary
Industries
Better
Product
Availability
Air, Water,
Land, Noise
Pollution
Employment
Opportunity
Demand for
Communication
Facilities
Demand for
Infrastructural
Facilities
Aesthetic
Risk
Saving of Foreign
Exchange
Effect on
Human Health
Effect on
Agriculture &
Fisheries
Effect on
Visual
Environment
Effect on Water Supply,
Sewerage &Solid Waste
Management Facilities
Effects on
Educational, Medical,
Transportat Facilities
Effect on Human, Nature &
Recreational Facilities
Effect on
Buildings
Materials
Monuments

Fig. 3.7.1 : Impact Network for Air Environment

Fig. 3.7.7 : Impact Network for Socio-Economic & Cultural Environment

109

C
C
H
H
A
A
P
P
T
T
E
E
R
R
I
I
V
V

P
P
R
R
E
E
D
D
I
I
C
C
T
T
I
I
O
O
N
N
O
O
F
F

I
I
M
M
P
P
A
A
C
C
T
T
S
S

110

4.PREDICTIONOFIMPACTS
Prediction of Impacts is the most important component in environmental impact
assessment process. Several mathematical/statistical techniques and methodologies are
available for predicting impacts due to developmental activities on physico-ecological
and socio-economic environment. The results obtained from predictions are
superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality to derive
the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. The quantitative
prediction of impacts is also essential to delineate pragmatic environmental
management plan (pollution control measures) for implementation during and after the
commissioning of proposed activities for minimizing the adverse impacts on
environmental quality.
Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe cause-condition-effect
relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In
case, mathematical models are either not available or it is not possible to
identify/validate models for a particular situation, predictions are arrived at through
available scientific knowledge and judgments.
4.1 AirEnvironment
The impacts on air environment from Synthetic Organic dyes & Intermediate
manufacturing facility depend on various factors like production capacity, types of
processes involved, type of raw material used, control technology in use and operation
& maintenance. Apart from the above, there will be other activities associated with any
industrial project, viz. transportation of raw materials and finished products, storage
facilities and material handling within the plant premises which may contribute
significantly to air pollution. Generally, dye intermediate project comprises besides
process units several onsite and offsite facilities, viz. storage of tank farms as primary
feedstock and other organic liquid chemicals, intermediates and marketable products
etc.
The impacts on air environment from any industrial project are also governed by terrain
conditions and the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions in the project region.
111

The relative locations of various process units and associated stacks position have been
shown in plant layout (Fig. 4.1.1).
3.1.1 Plant Emissions
The emissions from point sources at dye & dye intermediate manufacturing facility
are very important for impact assessment as the emissions from these sources are
comparatively large in quantities, continuous in nature and released at higher
elevations above ground level. The impacts on air environment from stacks depend
on the type of fuel used and may extend to far distances depending on
meteorological conditions. The fugitive emissions are generally less in quantity and
they are released relatively closer to ground level which cause impact to very
limited distances (about 1-3 Km).
Amongst the continuous point source emissions, SO
2
will be of prime concern as it is
emitted depending on the type of fuel used and followed by emission of Oxides of
Nitrogen (NOx), which also depends on type of fuel (solid/liquid/gas) and the rate
of fuel combustion.

4.1.1.1 Emissions from Proposed Units
In the proposed project, PM
2.5
, RSPM-PM
10
, NOx and SO
2
will be major air pollutants
from fuel burning units, as combination of fuel will be used. Besides small quantities of
particulates, Cl
2
, and HCl, will be released from stacks. The major stack emission
sources in the proposed dye and dye intermediate facility are DG stack & combine stack
of Boiler and Thermopac. Fuels proposed to be used include solid, liquid and gaseous.
Emissions from new unit along with stack parameters are presented in Table 4.1.1.
The major component of fugitive emissions especially hydrogen chlorides are
contributed by storage tanks at any tank farm where hydrochloric acid are stored
through evaporation / breathing losses. There are storage tanks proposed in project.
Due care will be taken in designing of storage facilities at each stage to minimize the
fugitive emissions. Storage tanks should be provided with proper dykes for safety. The
112

storage capacity of individual tanks varies from 10Kl to 15 Kl. The proposed tanks are
designed with cylindrical fixed roof and provided with scrubbing vents, accordingly
the fugitive emission from storage tanks are expected to be negligible including the
resultant impacts on air environment.
Truck movements in dyes and dye intermediate manufacturing facility are not
significant and therefore the emissions from truck movements are considered
insignificant.
4.2 NoiseEnvironment
4.2.1 Noise Levels due to Propose Project
The proposed project is synthetic organic dye & dye intermediate plant for the
production of 2100 MT/A . The cumulative noise level at a particular location within
the study area due to noise sources can be computed by using the following equation:
r
2
Lp
2
= Lp
1
- 20 log ---- - Ae
1,2

r
1
Where,
Lp
2
and Lp
1
, are the noise levels at distance r
2
and r
1
respectively from the
source and Ae
1,2
is the excess attenuation along the path r
2
-r
1
, due to environmental
absorption, scattering and other shielding effects.
Total noise levels L
p
(Total) due to all sources can be determined as follows:
L
p
(Total) = 10 Log (10
Lpa
/10 + 10
Lpb
/10 + 10
Lpc
/10 + ------)
where,
L
pa
, L
pb
, L
pc
, are the noise levels at a sampling point due to sources A, B, C, etc.
113

4.2.2 Noise Due to Transportation
The equivalent noise level due to traffic is estimated using FHWA noise model,
as follows:
Leq(h)i = Lo
e
+ 10 Log (Ni/ Si Ti) + 10 Log (15/D)
(1+a)
+ So-13
where,
Leq(h)i = Leq at hour h for ith vehicle type
Loe = Reference mean energy level for ith vehicle type
Ni = Number of i type vehicle passing during time T
Si = Average speed for the ith vehicles type in Km/hr
T = Duration for which Leq is desired
D = perpendicular distance in meters from centerline of the traffic lane to
the location
a = Factor relating to absorption characteristics of ground cover between
the roadway and the observer
So = Shielding factor
Noise levels for light, medium and heavy vehicles on the roads are calculated
using the above model and cumulative effect is computed using the following model :
Leq (Total) = 10 Log (10
Leq L/10
+ 10
Leq M/10
+ 10
Leq H/10
)
where Leq
L
, Leq
M
, Leq
H
are equivalent noise levels for light, medium and
heavy vehicles respectively.
The area specially industrial zone is heavily affected by transportation of
highly loaded vehicles. The city buses, trucks, lorries, tankers and Public transport to
nearby places is mainly through this route. Major contribution during morning and
evening hours is from the two wheelers. A traffic load of around 250 heavy, 550
medium and 200 light vehicles were observed in this area during morning & evening
114

peak hour. The equivalent noise level due to increased traffic at the Monomer Chemical
Industries Pvt Ltd (Unit 2 ), Gate is predicted to be 72.0 dBA.
4.2.3 Impact of Noise on Occupational Health
Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) averaged over 8 hours is used to
describe noise exposure in work place environment. The damage risk criteria for
hearing as enforced by CPCB and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration) stipulate that the noise levels up to 90 dBA are acceptable for 8 hour
exposure per day.
These noise sources include turbo-generators, air compressors, feed pumps,
condensate pumps, reflux pumps, recycle pumps, diluent pumps, tempering pumps, air
blowers, I.D. Fans, cooling towers etc. It is observed that noise levels inside the process
units will be exceed 74 dBA because major noise sources listed in these plant units.
However, exposure to noise to individual workers will be below 80 dBA (for 8 hours
shift) because of use of earmuffs and noise-insulated cabins.
The workers will be exposed to these levels for a short duration and mostly
spend the remaining time in Control Room Cabins.
4.2.4 Impact on Community
The community level impact of noise is predicted as equivalent noise level during
daytime (6.00 am to 9.00 pm) and during night time (9.00 pm. to 6.00 am). A 10 dB(A)
penalty factor is added to L
eq
during night time for computing equivalent noise level
during day and night (24 hourly average). This penalty is added to account for the fact
that noise during night (sleeping) time is judged to be more annoying than the same
noise level during daytime. Equivalent noise levels for day-night are used to describe
community noise exposure.

The cumulative impact of all noise sources at the boundary wall is predicted in the
range of 40-50 dB(A). After superimposing the predicted noise level over the baseline
115

status at the nearest compound wall (250 m) and beyond the effective increase would be
only 5.010.0 dBA. It is estimated that the noise level at the nearest village (residential),
are well within the stipulated standards.
4.3 WaterEnvironment
The projected water requirement for the dyes & dye intermediate manufacturing facility
is 111.00 m
3
/day. The water requirement of the dyes & dye intermediate manufacturing
facility is given in Table 4.3.1.

Due to the proposed project, the wastewater quantity emanating from the process
facilities will be 90.00 m
3
/day. The wastewater which is generated due to
manufacturing process treated in the effluent treatment plants. The treated water will
be reused for gardening, washing & flushing.
The expected characteristics of treated effluent outlet are presented in Table 4.3.2.
4.4 LandEnvironment
The total 16135.00 Sq. mtr area acquired for the proposed new plant units. As per
the results obtained from baseline status of land cover through soil samples analysis,
the soil in the major portion of land identified for whole facility is effected and not
suitable for agriculture (low fertile) purpose. Therefore no prime agricultural area
will be converted to industrial use. The progressive greenbelt development is
expected to improve the fertility of soil and prevent top soil erosion. As such there
will be no adverse impact on land from proposed project.
There are no notified sensitive receivers existing within 10 km radial distance of
proposed project site.
There will be hazardous waste generation from proposed synthetic organic dye &
dye intermediate production. The industry has Efficient Hazardous Waste
Management practices in compliance to the hazardous waste (Management &
Handling) Amendment Rules, 2008. Therefore, the quantity of hazardous wastes
116

would be handled in the similar manner. The list of hazardous waste, which would
be generated, quantity of generation, treatment and disposal is represented in Table
4.4.1.
4.5BiologicalEnvironment
Most of the reserved forest area is on the West and South of the monomer chemical
Industries complex. East-west and West being the most prevalent wind direction, no
adverse impact on reserve forest is predicted due to air pollutants from Monomer.
The liquid wastes will be generated during post commissioning phase of the
proposed dye & dyes intermediate Industry will be treated by conventional method
so as to meet the stipulated standards. The resultant effluent, after discharge to the
CETP for further treatment.
4.6SocioEconomicEnvironment
The issues such as land acquisition, compensation and rehabilitation are not involved as
the proposed project would be taken in the Industrial zone only. Critically analysing the
baseline status of the socio-economic profile and visualising the scenario with the
proposed project, the impacts of the project would be of varied nature. Prediction of the
qualitative impacts and socio-economic environment is presented in Table 4.6.1.
There will be certain critical impacts on socio-economic environment due to:
Immigration of population from nearby areas for jobs Strain on the existing
infrastructure
Positive Impacts
Increase in infrastructural resources due to the proposed project by way of transport
and communication and other basic requirements. The direct and indirect employment
opportunities likely to be generated due to proposed activities for local people. The
proposed project is expected to generate indirect employment opportunities due to
increased product handling and transportation, which will result in beneficial impacts.
117

In addition to the opportunity of getting employment as construction labours, the local
population would also have employment opportunities in related services activities like
commercial establishment, small contracts and supply of construction materials for
building and ancillary infrastructure etc. consequently, this may lead to economic
upliftment of the area.
With increase in migration of the population from the other parts of the state there is a chance
of dilution of ethnic culture in the region. People located in the project area and in close
vicinity, shall enjoy positive changes in life style.
The project is not going to influence the existing traditional agricultural practices. It may help
to improve agricultural production by way of providing additional income to the farmers
from supplementary sources.
There will not be any stress on existing local infrastructure facilities, as the number of
persons proposed to be directly employed by Monomer will be marginal. A varied
range of products produced by M/s Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd.,

Negative Impacts
If proper sanitation facilities are not provided during production activities it may cause
unhealthy atmosphere in the area.
However, the local inhabitants are not against the projects, provided their demands for
Infrastructural improvement and job opportunities are met by the management.
If not provided proper disposal of waste generated by the new facility causes hazards
on surrounding area.

118

TABLE4.1.1:STACKDETAILS
Stack
No
Stack Identification
Stack
Height
(m)
Stack top
inside dia
(m)
Stack gas exit
temp (
O
K)

Volumetric
flow rate;
(m
3
/h) NTP
Type of
Fuel
1. DG (160 KVA) 5.0 0.300 125-190 300-500 H.S.D

2.
Boiler &
Thermopack
(Combined))
32.0 0.450 120 - 140 1100-1200 LDO
3. Scrubber- 12.0 0.275 40 -45 180-250 -

119

TABLE 4.3.1: WATER BALANCE

PHASE WATER EFFLUENT

Consumption
(CMD)
Losess
(CMD)
Domestic
(cmd)
Indistrial
(CMD)
Domestic 15 5 10 Nil
Industrial
Process/washing
80 + 20 (from
ETP)
Nil Nil 80
Cooling 6 6 Nil Nil
Gardening 10 10 Nil Nil
Total 111 21 10 80

TABLE 4.3.2 : EXPECTED TREATED EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS FROM ETP
Sr.
No.
Parameter Anticipated Values
1. pH 7.0 to 8.0
2. Suspended Solids 50
3. Oil & grease 1-5
4. TDS 100 - 300
6. BOD 40 - 50
7. COD 120 - 150
8. Chlorides 30 - 40
9. Sulphates 50 60
10. T.A.N 4 - 6
All parameters except pH are expressed in mg/l
120

TABLE 4.4. : HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT
Sr.No Cat.
No.
Name of waste Qty. T/A Mode of Disposal as
given in Authorization
1 5.1 Used/Spent Oil 100
litr/Annum
Sent to CPCB
authorized recycler
2 26.1 Procees Sludge 60 kg/M Sent to CHWTSDF
3 34.3 ETP Sludge 500 kg/M Sent to CHWTSDF
TABLE 4.6.1 PREDICTION OF QUALITATIVE IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
Parameter Local Regional Direct Indirect Reversible Irreversible
Employment
+ + + + * +
Income
+ + + + * +
Transport
+ * + * * +
Medical facilities
+ * + * * +
Communication
+ + + * * +
Housing
+ * + * * +
Health
* * * * * *
Recreation
+ + * + * +
Agriculture
* * * * * *
Cost of living
* * * - * -
121

Business
+ + + * * *
Per capita Income
+ + + * * *
Pollution
* * * * * *

+ : Positive Impact
: Negative Impact
* : Insignificant

122

FIG. 4.1.1 PLANT LAYOUT

123

C
C
H
H
A
A
P
P
T
T
E
E
R
R
V
V

E
E
N
N
V
V
I
I
O
O
N
N
M
M
E
E
N
N
T
T
A
A
L
L

I
I
M
M
P
P
A
A
C
C
T
T

S
S
T
T
A
A
T
T
E
E
M
M
E
E
N
N
T
T

124

5.ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSTATEMENT
After the collection of baseline data and subsequent identification and predication of
impact, the following Environmental Impact Statement have been prepared for five
basic environmental components which are likely to be affected or benefited due to
proposed Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd., Unit - 2

5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The changes in baseline ambient air quality status with respect to PM
2.5
, PM
10
, SO
2
and
NO
X
are expected to be negligible in the region at the enhanced production of dyes
intermediates production of proposed project by Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt.
Ltd. The levels of air pollutants will not exceed the stipulated standards of Maharashtra
Pollution Control Board (MPCB) in the region. No significant change in ambient air
quality is envisaged. The strengthening of proposed green belt shall further reduce
impact due to proposed activity. The predicted ground level concentration for PM
2.5
,
PM
10
, SO
2
and NO
X
are negligible (less than 1g/m
3
).

5.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Inplant noise level limit 75 dB(A) during daytime 70 dB(A) in the night time. The
current baseline noise levels within impact zone around Monomer Chemical Industries
Pvt. Ltd., varied from 42.8 67.9 dB (A) during daytime and 25.6 -55.6 dB (A) in the
night time. It was observed that noise level near Boiler & Diesel generator were found
to be more than stipulated standards for industrial area where as in impact zone noise
levels were less than the stipulated standards for residential area.
The impact of noise generation from proposed units on the neighboring population is
expected to be insignificant. The noise exposure to the workers shall not exceed the
stipulated limits with proper noise mitigation measures. The increase in noise level due
to transportation activities would be insignificant.

125

5.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT
The physico-chemical parameters of raw water are found to be well within the
prescribed limits. Groundwater quality around project site is below the stipulated limit
except some sampling locations.
The project is based on cleaner technology with minimum generation of
wastewater. The wastewater generated shall be treated to meet the standard stipulated
by CPCB.
5.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT
There will not be any change in the land scape as Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt.
Ltd. would be established in the MIDC area, Ambernath.
The proposed Hazardous waste generation will be disposed as per the
Hazardous waste management and handling rule 2008. The hazardous waste generated
in the form of ETP sludge would be collected in sludge tank and spent oil would be
collected separately. The ETP sludge would be sent to CHWTSDF after dewatering by
using filter press. The spent oil would be sent to authorized reprocessor.

5 .5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
There will not be any negative impacts on the existing natural vegetation and
there will not be the change in the existing biodiversity as the air pollution, water
pollution, soil erosion and pollution are taken care by the Monomer Chemical
Industries Pvt Ltd. The proposed project is carried out in Ambernath MIDC area. The
proper care would be taken for dust emission & noise pollution by the proposed project
authority.
5.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Negative impact on socio-economic component within the impact zone would be
insignificant due to propose project would be established in Ambernath MIDC area.
Due care has to be taken from the planning stage of proposed units for mitigation of
occupational health along with necessary social welfare activities in the surrounding
villages. The project will provide employment opportunities to local population.

126

C
C
H
H
A
A
P
P
T
T
E
E
R
R
V
V
I
I

E
E
N
N
V
V
I
I
R
R
O
O
N
N
M
M
E
E
N
N
T
T
A
A
L
L

M
M
A
A
N
N
A
A
G
G
E
E
M
M
E
E
N
N
T
T

P
P
L
L
A
A
N
N
&
&

M
M
I
I
T
T
I
I
G
G
A
A
T
T
I
I
O
O
N
N

M
M
E
E
A
A
S
S
U
U
R
R
E
E
S
S

127

6.ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENTPLAN
Impact Assessment helps in identifying potentially damaging aspects of a proposed
project. Based on the finding of the impact assessment, Environment Management Plan
is devised to minimize adverse impacts and enumerated various steps to be taken for
improvement of the environment.
Environment Management Plan (EMP) is the key to ensure a safe and clean
environment. A project may have identified proper mitigation measures but without a
management plan to execute it, the desired results may not be obtained. The
Environment Management Plan envisages proper implementation of mitigation
measures to reduce the adverse impacts arising out of the project activities.
Some of the major objectives of the EMP are:
Ensure the project implementation with minimal impacts on all environment
attributes
Minimize the impacts on socio- economic indicators of the local and adjoining
regions
Maintain the higest level of readiness for meting the needs of any deviation in
sustainability practices
Systematic implementation with adequate manpower, budget and action plan for
EMP
Use EMP to demonstrate the effectiveness of its workability along with the
project proponents commitment.

RECYCLE & REUSE OF TREATED WATER AND WASTE MINIMIZATION
Approximately 20 CMD Treated effluent proposed to be reuse in the process for
washing activities (Floor washing/ Filter press wash etc..)
To avoid the spillages of raw material from mechanized system is adopted.
128

Cost of the project (Land, Factory building and Plant & Machinery) will be about Rs.
8.00 crores.
For Environmental care funds will be allocated as follows:
Sr.
No.
Cost of environmental
protection measures
Recurring Cost per
annum (Rs.)
Capital Cost (Rs.)
1 Air Pollution Control 1,00,000/- 4,00,000/-
2 Water Pollution Control 10,00,000/- 1,50,00,000/-
3 Noise Pollution Control 25,000/- 50,000/-
4
Environment Monitoring and
Management
3,00,000/- --
5
Reclamation borrow / mined
area
-- --
6 Occupational Health 25,000/- --
7 Green Belt 50,000/- 1,00,000/-
8 Solid Waste Management 2,00,000/- --
9 Others (Pl. Specify) - -
Total 17,00,000 1,55,50,000/-

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
DESIGN CRITERIA
Effluent Qty. : 80 CMD
Design Qty. : 100 CMD
129

Quality of Raw effluent :
Sr. No. Parameter Observed Conc. Units
General Parameters
1. pH 3.2
2. Suspended Solids 800 mg/ litrs.
3. Chemical Oxygen Demand 3800 mg/ litrs.
4. Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand 1100 mg/ litrs.
5. Oil & Grease 15 mg/ litrs.
6. TAN 134 mg/ litrs.
7. Colour 634 H
Z

Quality of Treated Water After Treatment :
Sr. No. Parameter Quality after
treatment.
Units
General Parameters
1. pH 6.5 - 7.5
2. Suspended Solids 60 mg/ litrs.
3. Chemical Oxygen Demand 141 mg/ litrs.
4.
Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand 38 mg/ litrs.
5. Oil & Grease 0.5 mg/ litrs.
6. TAN 5.0 mg/ litrs.
7. Colour 186 H
Z

Note : the value of parameters acceptable to CETP
130

E.T.P. TREATMENT SCHEME--100 CMD CAPACITY
A] OIL & GREASE TRAP:
This unit shall be designed to subsidize velocities and to trap the heavy solids, floating
matter and oil. Down flow arrangement shall be provided to trap the floating oil. The
effluent enters in the first compartment and upward due to up flow (top opening) and
down ward in the second compartment due to down flow arrangement (bottom
opening). The mechanical belt type skimmer is proposed to install to remove out
floating oil with the help of skimmer. Mechanical oil skimmer skims off the floating oil.
The oil and grease and floating matter free effluent will be then allowed to enter the
underground collection cum neutralisation tanks.
B] COLLECTION CUM NEUTRALIZATION TANKS (Effluent Collection Sumps):
Two tanks are proposed to facilitate fill and draw operation. After filling one, another
tank shall be utilize for receiving by opening the inlet valve V2 of collection tank and
close another valve V1 of first collection tank. The pH of the incoming effluent must
checked on pH meter and pH paper and adjusted to make it neutral. As most efficient
digestion occurs at neutral pH, it is necessary to neutralize the incoming water to pH of
7. For flocculation the pH is adjusted in the range of 8.5 to 9 and ferric Alum solution
added to make is neutral i.e. 7 pH. Here at this stage. Equalisation minimises hour-to-
hour variations in wastewater flow and composition, and prevents shock loads from
upsetting the downstream process. It is proposed that both the tanks will be equipped
with air distribution system and must be kept in continuous operation. After
neutralisation the neutralised effluent shall be oxidise further with help of Ozone by
circulating the effluent through venturi of ozonator. The system shall be operated for
minimum 1 hr for proper mixing.

131

C] OZONATOR:
Ozonator is powerfull oxidant. Inbuilt oxygen generator produces O
3
.This process is
carried out by an electric discharge field. An ozonation system includes passing dry,
clean air through a high voltage electric discharge. The water shall be passed through a
venturi throat which creates a vacuum and pulls the ozone gas into the effluent or the
air is then bubbled up through the water being treated. The ozone reacts with metals to
create insoluble metal oxides. The oxygen can be pass two different venture at a time.
The same ozonator shall be used to oxidize the neutralized raw effluent if required in
case effluent colour is very dark.
D.] CHEMICAL PREPARATION TANKS:
Lime and FeSO
4
and polyelectrolyte preparation systems shall be used in the primary
process. Lime & FeSO4 or HCL shall be used for neutralisation of effluent. 10 % lime
solution and 10 % Ferrous sulphate shall be prepared while Polyelectrolyte is prepared
in Polyelectrolyte tank with 1 % concentration. Polyelectrolyte shall be used here as a
flocculent. The rate and dosing will vary on the basis of conc. of raw effluent and results
of treatability studies will helps us to reduce the consumption of chemical for effluent
treatment. This shall be used only during failure of electro precipitator unit.
E] ELECTRO PRECIPITATOR UNIT:
The neutralized effluent pass with consistency rate with help of effluent transfer pump.
EP unit shall be installed in the first chamber of flash mixer. During transfer of effluent
a current of low voltage shall be passed with help of E.P. Due to passing of low voltage
current, effluent shall gets precipitated and mixes in the FM and overflows through first
launder of primary settler and enter into settling tank.
F.] SETTLING TANK NO 1 & NO 2:
The effluent shall enter settling tank and the sludge gets settled in the hopper bottom of
the unit. Sludge generated shall be transferred to the sludge tank. Supernatant
132

overflows through outer launder and enters into the flash mixer of the second settler
settling tank 2. The settled sludge shall drained into the sludge tank by opening of the
bottom valve till the sludge free water comes out and finally slurry from sludge tank is
feed to filter press with help of sludge feed pump for dewatering. In the F.M of settling
tank no. 2, poly dosing (Micro Plus) is given to the effluent to enhance the quality of
out going effluent & removal of colour. It shall be mixed with effluent and overflow in
the settler II. The slurry or mixed liquor settles at the hopper bottom. The settle sludge
drain to sludge collection tank & final slurry feed to Filter Press for dewatering.
G.] AERATION TANK:
The neutralized supernatant allow to enter in the aeration tank for biological
degradation of available organic matter to reduce the remaining BOD and COD
aerobically. Microbial culture shall be added to facilitate the same. The biological
treatment tanks are designed on aeration principle. Here diffused aeration system shall
be provided. It enables the bacteria to act upon the biodegradable matter in the effluent
and reduce the BOD content while the rapid and turbulent movement of the effluent in
the presence of oxygen available from the air, certain amount of COD is also removed. 2
Nos. of tanks are proposed in series.
I.] CLARIFIER
From the aeration tank the treated effluent shall flows to the clarifier. To remove the
biological solids generated clarifier shall be used. The effluent with activated biological
sludge enters the clarifier tank through a pipe to the Center feed well, where it flows
downwards and then outwards to launder. The activated sludge shall settle at the
bottom of the clarifier tank, where it collected in the center cone of clarifier by gravity.
The settled sludge shall be continuously recirculated into the aeration tank for further
oxidation and excess sludge is pumped to the sludge drying beds. The supernatant of
clarifier shall overflow into the collection tank.

133

J.] POLISHING TANK
The treated clear effluent from clarifier shall be collected in the polishing tank.
Oxidatation is done over here with the help of ozonator for colour removal. From the
polishing tank effluent shall be pumped to the pressure sand filter at first and then
through activated carbon filter.
K] PRESSURE SAND FILTER (To remove suspended matter)

The effluent from polishing tank shall be pumped to the pressure sand filter. The
filtration takes place in the downward mode. The filter shall be filled with a layer of
graded sand media supported by a layer of graded gravel. The suspended matters in
the effluent are filtered out in this unit; the effluent then flown into the activated carbon
filter. It is necessary to backwash the sand filter every four hours or as and when
required.
L.] ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER: (To absorbed the dissolved organic matter)
The treated and filtered effluent from the pressure sand filter shall flows into the
activated carbon filter. In this unit too, the feed flow shall be in downward mode
through a layer of granular activated carbon filter in which dissolved organics of the
effluent are absorbed. It is necessary to backwash the carbon filter every four hours or
as and when required.
N.] SLUDGE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL:
Waste solids in slurry form are produced due to sedimentation that occurs in settling
tanks, filter press, solids from biological aeration, clarifiers. Total sludge thickening and
dewatering shall be done before they are disposed off. These waste solids from the
slurry shall be collected periodically passed through filter press for dewatering. Then
after drying completely, the sludge shall be collected in sludge storage pit, through
which it proposed to dispose off periodically to CHWTSDF.
134

N.] TREATED EFFLUENT DISPOSAL/REUSE: The treated effluent will be reuse for
floor washing, filter press washing etc up to maximum extent. Excess effluent will be
disposed to CETP
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS OF ETP
Sr.
No.
Unit Dimensions Qty
Electromechanical/
RCC
1
Oil & Grease Trap 3.5 m x 1.5 m x 1.5 m 1 No. RCC
2
Oil skimmer Cap: 10 litr/hr 1 No. Mechanical
3
Collection cum
Neutralization Tank
4.5 m x 4.5 m x 3.0 m each 2 Nos. RCC
4
Air Blower for Eq. / N.
Tank
Cap. : 100 M
3
/hr
Pressure: 0.45 kg/cm
2

Motor : 5 H.P
2 Nos. Mechanical
5
Chemical Preparation
System
1.3 m x 1.3 m x 1.3 m each 2 Nos. RCC
6
Agitator for chemical
preparation
100 RPM. S.S. 304 shaft &
M.S. mounting with FRP
coating.
2 Nos. Mechanical
7
Coarse Bubble diffuse
Aeration system for
collection Cum
Equalization Tank
(6 + 6 nos.), HDPE &
EPDM
2 Nos. Mechanical
8
Electrostatic Precipitator 2.5m
3
/Hr flow rate
1
System
Instrument
9
Effluent Transfer Pump M.O.C. :P.P/S.S. 2 Nos. Mechanical
135

Cap :5 m
3
/hr
Motor : 2.0 H.P.
10
Primary Settling Tank with
F.M.
3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.5 m
each
1 No. RCC
11
Agitator for flash mixer
100 RPM., S.S. 304 shaft &
M.S. mounting with FRP
coating
2 Nos. Mechanical
12
Carbon Treatment Tank
3.25 m x 3.25 m x 3.0 m
each

1 Nos RCC
13
Aeration System for
mixing purpose
MOC : S.S. 304
Size : 1"
2 Nos Mechanical
14
Filter press Feed Pump
M.O.C.: C.I/S.S.
Cap : 5 m
3
/hr
Head : 30 mtr
Motor : 5.0 H.P.
6 Nos Mechanical
15
Sludge Tank 2.0 m x 2.0 m x 1.5 m 1 No RCC
16
Filter Press (P.P Recess
Type F.P.)
800 x 800 mm 2 Nos Mechanical
17
Oxidation Tank 4.5 m x 4.5 m x 2.5 m each 1 No RCC
18
Circulation
Pump/Transfer pumps
Motor : 2.0 H.P
Make :Kirloskar
Head : 20
mtr
2 Nos Mechanical
19
Ozonator
Cap.:800 gm O
3

generation/hr
1 No Instrument
136

20
Bio- reactor 6.0 m x 12.0 m x 4.5 m 1 No. RCC
21
Clarifier Tank 3.5 Mt. & ht. 2.5 mtr. 2 Nos. RCC
22
Mechanism for clarifier
Tank
3.5 M. & ht. 2.5 mt., 5
RPH
1 No. Mechanical
23
Air Blower for Bio- reactor
-I
Cap : 350 m
3
/hr
Motor : 15 H.P. each
2 Nos. Mechanical
24
Fine Bubble Membrane
Diffuse Aeration system
for Bio- Reactors I & II
Size: 67 mm & 2000
mm
80 + 40
Nos.
Mechanical
25
Return Sludge Pumps Cap : 3 M
3
/hr. 2 Nos. Mechanical
26
Polishing Tank 2.5 m x 2.5 m x 1.8 m 1 No. RCC
27
Sludge Drying Beds 3.0 m x 3.0 m x 1.0 m each 2 Nos. RCC
28
Filter feed pump
Cap :5 m
3
/hr.
head :30 mtr.
2 Nos. Mechanical
29
Shelter for Air Blower 10 x 8 1 No. RCC
30
Pressure sand filter 800 mm & ht. 1250 mm 1 No. Mechanical
31
Activated carbon filter 800 mm & ht. 1250 mm 1 No. Mechanical
32
Interconnecting piping
with in battery limit.
90mm, 63mm, 50mm OD 1 lot Piping
33
Electrical/control panel
M.S. with powder coated,
compartmental ,main
switch,
one volt meters & ameters
for each switch, Internal
wiring, main switch, RYB
lamps, Energy meter
1 No. Electrical
137

34
Misc. items
Safety railing ladders for
all tanks, painting with
two coats oil paint for M.S.
structure& snocem
painting for civil structure.
Lot Misc

DESIGN DETAILS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM:-
A) BOILER

Sr. No. PARAMETER CAPASITY
1 Equipment capacity 850 kg/hr
2 Fuel LDO
3
/hr
0
C
0
C

B) THERMOPACK

1 Equipment capacity 2 Lac. K. Cal.
2 Fuel LDO
3
/hr
0
C
6 Outlet Gas Temperature 80-90
0
C

138

C) SCRUBBER (WATER & ALKALY)

1 Equipment capacity 200 M
3
/Min
2 Media used Alkaly & Water
3 Alkali Consumption 10 15 kg/day
4 Gas Quantity 200 Nm
3
/hr
5 Inlet Gas Temperature 50-55
0
C
0
C

139

HAZARDOUS & NON HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL
ASPECTS:

Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Aspects:

Sr. No.

Scheduled I
Cat. No.

Type

Qty.

Method of
Disposal

1 34.3
Chemical Sludge from
waste water treatment

500 Kgs./ M CHWTSDF
2. 26.1 Process Sludge 60 Kgs./ M CHWTSDF
3. 5.1 Spent Oil 100 Lit./ A

Authorized.
Recycler/
Reprocessor

Non Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal Aspects

Sr.
No.

Type

Quantity

Method of disposal

1 Empty Drums

150 Nos. / Yr.

Return to the Supplier/ Sale to
Authorized party
2 Plastic Bags 100 Kgs./ Yr.
Return to the Supplier/ Sale to
Authorized party
3. Wooden Pallets 200 Kgs / Yr.

Return to the Supplier/ Sale to Authorized
party

140

ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES FOR THE PROJECT

Environmental
Component
Phase Project Activity Potential Impacts Mitigation
Measures
Site Clearance -
NA
Dust Pollution --
Machine
Maintenance /
operation
Air Pollution
Dust generation.
Machine,
furniture &
other
equipments.
Erecting
barricade
around the
site.
All vehicles
should have
valid PUC
Construction
Phase
Construction of
Structures and
earth work
Use of existing
structure of KASA
Textile. Minor
foundation works
carried out in
premises.
Water should
be sprayed
while
construction
activity is
going on.
Traffic plying
on road
Increase in Air
Pollutant
Concentration in some
locations.
Smooth flow
of traffic,
Regulation of
air pollution
by legislation
and public
awareness.
Air Quality
Operation
Phase
Boiler & DG Set
operation
Air Pollution Boiler
operated with
minimum
excess of air so
that fuel
consumption
optimized &
emission of
SO2
minimized.
Multistage
combustion
141

Environmental
Component
Measures
CFBC, stem
injection
technology
shall be used
during
detailed
engineering.
DG Sets
adhering to
CPCB Norms.
Proper
maintenance
of Boiler, DG
Set & both
stack.
Machinery
maintenance /
operation,
Transportation
Increased noise from
operations of
machinery.
Proper
maintenance
of machines.
Providing ear
plugs for
workers.

Construction
Phase
Construction of
structures and
earth work
There is no major
construction carried
out in premises. Small
amount of noise
generated.
Employing
electrically
operated
construction
equipment.
Providing ear
plugs for
workers.

Noise Quality
Operation
Phase
Operation of
Equipments &
Machinery
Increased
equipment/machinery
noise due to
negligence against
maintenance work
Provision of
trees along the
periphery of
the boundary
wall shall act
as noise
buffer.
Regular check-
up of all
machinery to
142

Environmental
Component
Measures
avoid noise.
Boiler & DG Set
operation
Increased noise level Providing ear
plugs for
workers.
Boiler & DG
Sets adhering
to CPCB
Norms.
Proper
maintenance
of Boiler & DG
Set.

Construction
Phase
Construction
Staff water
requirement
Minor volume of
water required as
there is no major
constructions
Drinking
water shall be
purchased
from market
by tankers/
MIDC.
Water
Operation
Phase
Process &
Domestic
Minor Strain on the
water supply of MIDC
By MIDC
supply. The
rest will be
made up by
proponents by
with proper
treatment &
reuse of waste
water
Use of existing
structure of
KASA Textile
Very minor
construction work
carried out.
Debris : N.A.
Wood : N.A.
Steel : Some
angles &
channels will
be used for
barricading
site/ sold to
scrap dealer
Stone : N.A
Soil

Pre
Construction
Phase
Construction
Debris and
Earth material
Pollution due to
mixing of concrete
with soil
Very small
amount of
Concrete and
143

Environmental
Component
Measures
such debris
should be
stored in a
container or
separate
location
within the site
and finally
sent to
disposal site.
Transportation
of hazardous
material
Hazardous chemicals
from accidental spills
polluting surface
water body nearby.
Transportation
of hazardous
material and
storage as per
H.W. Rule
2008.

Residual
Paints/Solvents
/ Bituminous
materials
Contamination of soil Shall be given
to authorized
recyclers /site.
Bituminous
materials /any
other
chemicals
shall not be
allowed to
leach into the
soil.
Machinery
maintenance /
operation
Oil Spillage, Scrap
parts of machines
Most of the
machines
operating on
the site will be
electricity
operated.
Oil trays will
be kept below
all potential
oil spillage
points and oil
shall be
collected in
144

Environmental
Component
Measures
trays and
given to
authorized
recyclers/
sites.
Operation
Soil contamination
due to surface run
off/Oil & grease
dripping form vehicles
Oil & grease
traps shall be
installed on
sewers and
S.W.D.
discharge
points in to
Municipal
sewers and
drains. The
sludge
collected from
Oil separators
should be
disposed
authorized
dumping sites.
Solid Waste
generation
Improper disposal of
plastic waste and
sludge of treatment
plants can cause
environmental
hazards.
All the solid
waste
generated
should be
separated at
the source &
disposed by
authorized
agent.
The sludge
generated by
the Effluent
Treatment
Plant sent to
the authorized
disposal
facility..
Operation
Phase
Transportation
of hazardous
Hazardous chemicals
from accidental spill
Transportation
of hazardous
145

Environmental
Component
Measures
material material and
storage as per
H.W. Rule
2008.

Even after taking precautions if soil is found to be contaminated, it shall be removed and
disposed off to authorized site.
Construction
of structures
and earth
work.
Minor construction
work carried out
which is not affected
to flora or fauna.
Machines and
vehicles should
be maintained
well to keep
their noise at a
minimum Construction
Phase Transportation
of hazardous
materials
Loss of vegetation
from chemical spills
Proper storage
& handing of
raw & finished
product also
hazardous
chemicals
Ecology
Operation
Phase
Operation
Increase exposure to
anthropogenic
activities.
Enactment and
enforcement of
laws regulating
human
intrusions.

146

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

S.N. Activity / Area Pollutant Pollutant Characteristics Frequency Frequency of
Monitoring
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Air emissions
PM
2.5
, PM
10
, CO,
NO
X
, SO
2

Dust from construction
activities and excavation.
Particulates, NO
X
, and CO
from vehicle exhaust
Temporary during
construction phase only
bulk of the emissions are
expected from ground
working and leveling
activities.
As and when
required
Earth / solid waste Solid waste from construction
activity and excavation
N.A. -
1. Minor
construction work
Noise Noise generated from
construction activity.
Temporary during minor
construction phase
As & when
required
OPERATION NOISE
1. Vehicular
movement
Air emissions and
noise
Vehicle exhaust emissions Continuous / Periodic Periodic
monitoring of
vehicles.
Air emissions SO
2
, NO
X
, TPM, CO from fuel
burning, Acid mist, fugitive
emission
Intermittent / Periodic Once in Month 2. Diesel power
Generators, Boiler,
Scrubber
Noise Noise due to running of
equipment
Intermittent / periodic Once in Month
3. Effluent treatment
Plant
All parameters
Treated effluent used for
horticulture flushing and
cooling towers evaporation
losses.
Continuous Daily
147

4. Storm water
drains
Wastewater Discharge from site-Mainly
suspended solids.
During rainy season Periodic
maintenance.
5. H.W. H.W. H.W. characteristics Disposal within 90 days As per H.W. Rule.

148

SOCIO ECONOMIC COMMITMENTS

Contribution toward Health:
Donation to hospital for free treatment of tribal community/Villagers.
Blood donation camp help employees in emergency.

Contribution to Education:
Donation for education facility for poor children in near by village.
Conducting awareness /Training programme for surrounding workers.
Poster campaign for reduce water, Electricity, Fossil Fuel, Garbage& use of plastic also on Plastic
Awareness for Intoxicant
Responsibility towards employees:

Business needs employees or workers to work for it. These employees put their best effort for the benefit of the business.
So it is the prime responsibility of every business to take care of the interest of their employees. If the employees are
satisfied and efficient, then the only business can be successful. The responsibilities of business towards its employees
include:

149

A. Timely and regular payment of wages and salaries.
B. Proper working conditions and welfare amenities.
C. Opportunity for better career prospects.
D. Job security as well as social security like facilities of provident fund, group
insurance, etc.
F Better living conditions like housing, transport, canteen, crches etc.
G. Timely training and development.

150

C
C
H
H
A
A
P
P
T
T
E
E
R
R
V
V
I
I
I
I

R
R
I
I
S
S
K
K

A
A
S
S
S
S
E
E
S
S
S
S
M
M
E
E
N
N
T
T

A
A
N
N
D
D
D
D
I
I
S
S
A
A
S
S
T
T
E
E
R
R

M
M
A
A
N
N
A
A
G
G
E
E
M
M
E
E
N
N
T
T

P
P
L
L
A
A
N
N

151

7RISKASSESSMENTANDDISASTERMANAGEMENTPLAN
7.1RiskAssessment
The Environmental risks are inherent in operation of any industry, or any human
activity for that matter. Any system failure can lead to disaster.
Risk is posed by (1) Dust in various operational steps and (2) Fuel, which here is in the
form of power and LDO.
Dust is generated in many steps from raw material handling, transfer, heating, cooling,
transporting out and waste treatment. In order to reduce this risk, steps like capturing
the same, conveying through ducts, and controlling by cyclones Arrestors are
attempted. Conveying by smooth internal roads, watering the roads, regular and quick
sweeping and monitoring the efforts, are the minimum actions to be taken.
Fuel can give rise to one Risk, namely Fire. As full fire protection and extinguishing
gadgets are provided, any risk from fuel stands automatically covered. All motors are
kept TEFC (totally enclosed fan cooled). Temperature and Carbon Monoxide control is
undertaken by arranging carbon dioxide correct percent. This minimizes the Risk to a
very great extent.

Vehicles bringing in the materials are run at slow speed. It is neatly tied and
secured to the vehicles. Guards patrol the entire length, throughout day and
night. There is no public traffic here and warning signals are painted on
boards.
For other raw materials, it is a policy to bring the same in small doses and in
closed containers. If sundry raw material comes in bags, hooks and other
sharp equipment is not to be used on bags or unit loads. Cranes, tackles and
forklift trucks are used for unloading and loading.
Before storage all units are to be inspected for cleanliness and for damage.
All bags are to be stacked on pallets. All damaged bags are to be repaired. a
second impermeable bag which would be sealed properly and kept
separately for use.
152

Dyke walls, smooth sloping floors provided around storage tanks.

7.1.1 Stocking at work place, loading and maintenance of floor area
The raw materials are to be placed very near to the feeding point.
House keeping is most important of all dust control methods.
Simply cleaning of all possible emission sources as quickly as possible.

7.1.2 Work Environment
Dust and Heat free work environment is maintained in view of workers safety, Health
and Hygiene. The efforts taken in this respect are

# Source Attenuation by
1. Plant Avoided by adopting good foundation, good alignment,
well lubricated.
2. Generators Fitted enclosure and tall stack
3. Vibrations Proper sturdy foundation provided for all the machines
and equipments to avoid fugitive escapes.
4 Fumes Closed, covered and carried through ducts

Table No. 7.1 Work Environment Care.

153

Risk assessment for Monomer Industries Pvt. Ltd.
Risk assessment of following product
Introduction
A risk assessment can help you organise and manage risks in three stages:
1. Identifying underlining hazards
2. logically determining the risk of harm
3. Considering what could be done to reduce or eliminate that risk
A main principle of risk assessments is they should take place before any changes are
made. Risks should be assessed and control measures put into action before new work
is introduced or systems are changed. The process should influence budgets and
allocation of resources, rather than being an afterthought when the decisions have
already been made.

Risk assessment overview

The regulation of tasks in schools and services means mainly managers are responsible
for ensuring risk assessments are in place. They must ensure suitable and sufficient risk
assessments are carried out and regularly reviewed, and that records are kept for work
in their areas of responsibility.
Risk assessments must be carried out for all work that includes significant risks.
Every two years as a minimum
Immediately following a serious incident or where there is reason to suspect it is no
longer valid.

154

Protective and preventative measures
Control measures can be preventative (to prevent the hazard arising in the first place) or
protective (to protect employees from existing hazards). Of course, measures identified
in the risk assessment must be put into action if the process is to have any value.
The choice of control should be guided by the hierarchy of risk control principles:
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Isolation
4. Reduction
5. Information, instruction, training and supervision
6. Personal protective equipment.
In the event of an accident or incident, the relevant risk assessments will be scrutinized.
Identify common assessments, allowing best practice to be shared through a consistent
approach and easy exchange of information
Highlight areas that still require assessment
Highlight assessments that are due for review
Some of these specific risks may be included in a general risk assessment, for example
manual handling and fire may be identified in a general office risk assessment.

Process
Plan the process
Identify the Hazards
Identify the Risks
Risk Evaluation
Quantification & Methodlogy
155

Severity Chart 1.A

Hazard
Severity
Definition Points
rating
Very high Causing multiple deaths and widespread
destruction eg. fire, building collapse.
5
High Causing death, serious injury or permanent
disability to an individual.
4
Moderate Temporary disability causing injury or disease
capable of keeping an individual off work for
three days or more and reportable under RIDDOR
(Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations 1995).
3
Slight Minor injury, which would allow the individual to
continue work after first aid treatment on site or at
a local surgery. The duration of the stoppage or
treatment is such that the normal flow of work is
not seriously interrupted.
2
Nil Very minor injury, bruise, graze, no risk of
disease.
1

The Hierarchy of control
Control measures identified by the risk assessment, whether protective or preventative,
must be implemented in line with the following hierarchy of control. In many cases a
combination of control measures will be needed.

156

Elimination - is it possible to avoid the risk altogether? (eg. requesting a delivery
service to an office instead of reception to prevent staff from manual handling.)
Substitution - change the way you do the work, but take care not to introduce new
risks (eg. using a safer chemical).
Isolation - combat risks at the source and prevent access to the hazard (eg. guarding
machinery).
Reduction - reduce the number of employees at risk or reduce the extent of exposure.
Use information (written procedures, safe systems of work), instruction, training
and supervision - ensure employees understand what they must do and when, how
they must do it and what activities are prohibited.
Use personal protective equipment, but only as the last resort and only after all other
measures have been implemented.

1. RISK ASSEMENT FOR PHTHALOGEN BLUE IBN-

1.1 Procedure in chronological order

COPC- (Cobalt Phthalocyanine Blue)
Stage 1

1. In Glasslined Reactor charge solvent Nitrobenzene Qty 2000 ltrs by pump from
receiver., Charge Cobalt Sulfate (Qty 231 kgs.). manually through man hole qty 231
kgs.). Evaporate water by circulating hot oil though jacket from nitrobenzene & cobalt
sulfate at 110
0
c for 2 hrs. Then charge Phthalic Anhydride (Qty 500 kgs). Carbamide
Qty 825 kgs. and Ammonium Molybdate. Qty 5kgs. Raise temp. to195
0
c by
circulating hot oil though jacket slowly within 12 to 14 hrs.
157

Maintain temp. 192
0
c to 198
0
c for 6 hrs. Ammonia evolved in reaction is
scrubbed in ammonia scrubbing tower. MS Scrubber with blower and condenser with
water circulation by pump.
2. After Completion of Reaction, discharge material slurry in Rotary Vaccum Dryer
by vacuum. Dry slurry at 140
0
c under vacuum & recover solvent (Nitrobenzene) in
receivers about 99 to 100%
(If Vacuum system fails stop oil circulation heating, indication provided vacuum
gauge.
If temperature system fails stop hot oil circulation immediately, indication provided
temperature indicator.
If rotation of dryer fails stop hot oil circulation, indication ammeter provided to check
inside load.)
3. Then discharge dry powder manually through bottom valve) in drums and
purify it with 5% H
2
SO
4
Qty 300 kgs. In 6000 ltrs. water

solution in MSRL full name
MS Rubber line. Reactor by steam heating live steam at 90
0
c.)

1. Water
2. powder
3. sulphuric acid
4. heating

4. Filter material in the Filter Press, give hot water (temp 70 to 75 deg. C) washing
till PH is 6 to 7. Discharge cake and dry the cake obtained in Spin Flash Dryer. by
auto temp. control system dryer with conical shape) & hot air generated by using hot
oil circulation)

158

Stage 2
Chlorination:
(Chlorine stored in cylinders ,rate of passing 15 to 20 kgs. Per hour)

1. Charge above dry powder in Glass lined reactor containing O.D.C.B. (Ortho Di
chloro Benzene)- for chlorination.
2. After chlorination, excess chlorine is removed by giving air in reactor.& same
chlorine is scrubbed in scrubbing tower containing alkaline water solution.
3. After chlorination transfer by gravity to RVD back to RVD by vacuum for
drying at140
0
c under vacuum. Recover ODCB solvent in receivers about 99-
100%.
4. Chloro compound of Cobalt Phthalocyanine (CoPcl))is form.
5. Then Discharge dry powder in drums.

Stage 3
Amination:
1. harge manually above chlorinated dry powder (CoPcl 650 kgs.) in SS Kettle
containing methanol (mode of addition methanol taken by through pump from
receiver) (Qty 1800 ltrs.) Make slurry.
2. Then charge DAPA (Di Methyl Amino Propyl Amine) in above slurry.
3. Then heat ( at temp 65 to 68 deg. C) it with steam to reflux to recover the
solvent (Methanol) (Qty 200 ltrs.) in receiver.
4. After completing reaction, discharge slurry in) centrifuge by gravity for filtration.
5. Discharge cake from centrifuge manually dry it in drayer by using steam
generated through boiler) at temp. 80
0
c to 90
0
c.
6. Then pulverize (particle size 25 to 40 micron) & analysis report & standardize
in blender.(blending)
159

7. Then pack as per requirement. packed as Phthalogen Blue IBN in 25 kgs. Drums
or boxes
1.2 Identification of risk
COPC- (Cobalt Phthalocyanine Blue)
Stage 1
1. In Glasslined Reactor charge solvent Nitrobenzene Qty 2000 ltrs by pump from
receiver. Charge Cobalt Sulfate (Qty 231 kgs.). manually through man hole .
Risk Analysis Table no 1.1 for Nitrobenzene
Risk:
Carcinogenic effect, TERATOGENIC EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY:
Consequences:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant),
of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). substance
is toxic to blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, mucous membranes.
To avoid human inhalation oxgen berthing apparatus to given to
charge-man
Precautions:
Personal Protective Equipment during handing, Awareness & training
for safety precaution, Addition is done by suction pump
Conclusion:

In case of severity person is to be taken to nearest Doctor along with
MSDS & 5ml Methyle Blue is to be administered & subsequent
treatment by symptomatically
It comes under HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

Evaporate water by circulating hot oil though jacket from nitrobenzene & cobalt
sulfate at 110
0
c for 2 hrs. Then charge Phthalic Anhydride (Qty 500 kgs). Carbamide
Qty 825 kgs. and Ammonium Molybdate. Qty 5kgs. Raise temp. to195
0
c by
circulating hot oil though jacket slowly within 12 to 14 hrs.
160

Maintain temp. 192
0
c to 198
0
c for 6 hrs. Ammonia evolved in reaction is
scrubbed in ammonia scrubbing tower. MS Scrubber with blower and condenser with
water circulation by pump.
161

COBALT PHTHALOCYANINE BLUE
Fire Fighting Measures
General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in
pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal
decomposition or combustion. Vapors may be heavier than air. They can spread along
the ground and collect in low or confined areas.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate
foam.
Accidental Release Measures
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment
Spills/Leaks: Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective
Equipment section. Sweep up or absorb material, then place into a suitable clean, dry,
closed container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation.
Handling and Storage
Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash
before reuse. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and
accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly
closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Storage: Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
away from incompatible substances.
Exposure Controls, Personal Protection
Engineering Controls: Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below
the permissible exposure limits.
Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature
Risk: Increase in temperature beyond design temperature
Consequences: No major consequences is anticipated
162

Precautions:
Temperature sensor with alarm, Hot oil circulation system is to be Cut
off.
Regular cross checking by Thermocouple.
Conclusion:

Since reaction is carried out normal pressure, proper temperature
control is sufficient to avoid any runaway reaction.
It comes under SLIGHT SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

2. After Completion of Reaction, discharge material slurry in Rotary Vaccum Dryer
by vacuum. Dry slurry at 140
0
c under vacuum & recover solvent (Nitrobenzene) in
receivers about 99 to 100%
(If Vacuum system fails stop oil circulation heating, indication provided vacuum
gauge.
If rotation of dryer fails stop hot oil circulation, indication ammeter provided to check
inside load.).
Risk Analysis Table no 1.3 for Rotary Vaccum Dryer
Risk: Rotation of (RVD)dryer fails
Consequences: No serious consequences
Precautions:
Manually observation & immediate stop the heating if rotation stops,
Material is to be unloaded in drums through bottom valve after cooing.
Conclusion:

Nothing specific
Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.1 For Nitrobenzene.
Refer risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature.

163

3. Then discharge dry powder manually through bottom valve) in drums and
purify it with 5% H
2
SO
4
Qty 300 kgs. In 6000 ltrs. water

solution in MSRL ( MS Rubber
line Reactor) by steam heating (live steam at 90
0
c.)
Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 For Temperature

4. Filter material in the Filter Press, give hot water (temp 70 to 75 deg. C) washing
till PH is 6 to 7. Discharge cake and dry the cake obtained in Spin Flash Dryer. ( by auto
temp. control system dryer with conical shape) & hot air generated by using hot oil
circulation)
Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 For Temperature

Stage 2
Chlorination:
(Chlorine stored in cylinders ,rate of passing 15 to 20 kgs. Per hour)
Risk Analysis Table no 1.4 for Chlorine Gas
Risk: Leakage of chlorine gas during use or storage
Consequences: Harmful in inhalation, Respiratory track, shin, eyes burning, Chest Pain
Precautions:
Provide chlorine leakage alarm, Provide local exhaust or process
enclosure system, Personal protective equipment & Respirators. In case
minor leakage soda ash or bicarbonate solution is to be spared through
mechanical equipment at reaction site. In case of Major leakage avoid
contact with combustible materials, Contact nearest emergency
commissions.
Online Flow meter with alarm system is to be Provided.
164

Conclusion:

Special attention is to be provided for avoid leakage, during entire
course of reaction.
It comes under HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

6. Charge above dry powder in Glass lined reactor containing O.D.C.B. (Ortho Di
chloro Benzene)- for chlorination.
7. After chlorination, excess chlorine is removed by giving air in reactor.& same
chlorine is scrubbed in scrubbing tower containing alkaline water solution.
8. After chlorination transfer by gravity to RVD back to RVD by vacuum for
drying at140
0
c under vacuum. Recover ODCB solvent in receivers about 99-
100%.
9. Chloro compound of Cobalt Phthalocyanine (CoPcl))is form.
10. Then Discharge dry powder in drums.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Negligible fire hazard. Oxidizer. May ignite or
explode on contact with combustible materials.
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: water
Do not use dry chemicals, carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. Large
fires: Flood with fine water spray.
FIRE FIGHTING: Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. Cool
containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of
tanks. For fires in cargo or storage area: If this is impossible then take the following
precautions: Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Let the
fire burn. For small fires, contain and let burn. Use extinguishing agents appropriate for
surrounding fire. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Apply
water from a protected location or from a safe distance. Avoid inhalation of material or
combustion by-products. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. Evacuation radius:
800 meters (1/2 mile).
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
165

AIR RELEASE:
Reduce vapors with water spray. Collect runoff for disposal as potential hazardous
waste.
SOIL RELEASE:
Dig holding area such as lagoon, pond or pit for containment. Dike for later disposal.
Trap spilled material at bottom in deep water pockets, excavated holding areas or
within sand bag barriers. Absorb with sand or other non-combustible material. Add an
alkaline material (lime, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate, or soda ash).
WATER RELEASE:
Add an alkaline material (lime, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate, or soda ash).
Absorb with activated carbon. Collect spilled material using mechanical equipment.
OCCUPATIONAL RELEASE:
Stop leak if possible without personal risk. Avoid contact with combustible materials.
Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Ventilate closed
spaces before entering.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
STORAGE: Store and handle in accordance with all current regulations and standards.
Protect from physical damage. Keep separated from incompatible substances. Store
outside or in a detached building.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE LIMITS:
CHLORINE:
1 ppm (3 mg/m3) OSHA ceiling
0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) OSHA TWA (vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993)
1 ppm (3 mg/m3) OSHA STEL (vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993)
0.5 ppm ACGIH TWA
1 ppm ACGIH STEL
166

0.5 ppm (1.45 mg/m3) NIOSH recommended ceiling 15 minute(s)
VENTILATION: Provide local exhaust or process enclosure ventilation system. Ensure
compliance with applicable exposure limits.
EYE PROTECTION: Wear splash resistant safety goggles with a faceshield. Provide an
emergency eye wash fountain and quick drench shower in the immediate work area.
CLOTHING: Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing.
GLOVES: Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves.
RESPIRATOR: The following respirators and maximum use concentrations are drawn
from NIOSH and/or OSHA.
5 ppm
1. Any chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against
this substance.
2. Any supplied-air respirator.
10 ppm
1. Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode.
2. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection
against this substance.
3. Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and cartridge(s) providing
protection against this substance.
4. Any air-purifying respirator with a full facepiece and a canister providing
5. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.
6. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.
Escape -
1. Any air-purifying respirator with a full facepiece and a canister providing
167

2. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
For Unknown Concentrations or Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health -
1. Any supplied-air respirator with full facepiece and operated in a pressure-
demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with a separate escape
supply.
2. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.
Risk Analysis Table no 1.5 for ODCB (Ortho Di chloro Benzene)
Risk: Toxic effect observe after expose to human
Consequences:
Minor irritation use plenty of water, Prolonged exposure cause
immediately admit in nearest hospital for symptomatical treatment.
Precautions:
Personal Protective Equipment during handing, Awareness & training
for safety precaution.
Conclusion: It comes under SLIGHT SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)
Refer risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature
Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.3 for Rotary Vaccum Dryer

Stage 2
Amination:
1. Charge manually above chlorinated dry powder (CoPcl 650 kgs.) in SS Kettle
containing methanol (Qty 1800 ltrs.) which taken by through pump from
receiver, Earthing system provided for pump & reactor Make slurry.
2. Then charge DAPA (Di Methyl Amino Propyl Amine) in above slurry.
168

3. Then heat ( at temp 65 to 68 deg. C) it with steam to reflux to recover the
solvent (Methanol) (Qty 200 ltrs.) in receiver.
4. After completing reaction, discharge slurry in) centrifuge (earthling provided to
it) by gravity for filtration.
5. Discharge cake from centrifuge manually with personal protective equipments,
dry it in drayer by using steam generated through boiler) at temp. 80
0
c to 90
0
c.
6. Then pulverize (particle size 25 to 40 micron) & analysis report & standardize
in blender.(blending)
7. Then pack as per requirement. packed as Phthalogen Blue IBN in 25 kgs. Drums
or boxes.
ORTHO DI CHLORO BENZENE
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Small Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an
appropriate waste disposal.
Large Spill:
1. Combustible material. Keep away from heat.
2. Keep away from sources of ignition.
3. Stop leak if without risk.
4. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV.
5. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.
Handling and Storage
Precautions:
1. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all
equipment containing material. Do not ingest.
2. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapour/spray.
169

3. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment If
ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes
Storage:
1. Flammable materials should be stored in a separate safety storage cabinet or
room. Keep away from heat.
2. Keep away from sources of ignition.
3. Keep container tightly closed.
4. Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place.
5. Ground all equipment containing material. Keep container dry. Keep in a cool
place.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:
1. Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne
concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit value.
2. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-
station location.
Personal Protection:
1. Splash goggles. Lab coat. Vapor respirator.
2. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:
1. Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator.
2. Boots. Gloves.
3. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoid inhalation of the
product.
170

4. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist
BEFORE handling this product.

2. RISK ASSESSMENT OF FAST BLUE B BASE

FAST BLUE B BASE
1. In SS 10 KL reactor, take methanol (3000 kgs.)& charge caustic flakes (800 kgs.)
slowly (Reaction is exothermic) under stirring (auto) machinery)in 8 to 10 hrs. at
45
0
c to 50
0
c under jacketed cooling & under reflux. Close manhole.
2.
Risk Analysis Table no 1.6 for Methanol
Risk: Leakage of methanol during use or storage.
Consequences:
Inhalation of Irritation to mucous membrane, sleepiness, after prolong
expose to methanol brain disorder, Flammable.
Precautions:
Provide no smoking & good ventilation with respect to engineering
standards
Reactor is provided with cooling condenser whose when is scrubbed in
cool water. Reactor & manhole are to be earthed properly to avoid any
possibility of ignition/fire. Use of personal protective equipment at
time of handing, Concentrations of greater that 25% methanol in water
can be ignited. Use fine water spray or fog to control fire spread and
cool adjacent structures or containers.
Conclusion:
Special attention is to provided for avoid leakage, during entire course
of reaction. It comes under HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)
Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.2 for Temperature

171

3. Stirr to make uniform slurry for 3 -4 hrs
4. Open the reactor manhole check pH through dipstick arrangement 13.8 to 14.0 &
charge Dichlone (2,3 Dichloro 1,4 naphthoquinone (25 kgs.)
5. Closed the reactor stirr to make uniform slurry for 1 hrs at 45
0
c 50
0
C Under
reflux.
6. Then Heat to 60
0
C slowly & stir for 1hour at 60
0
C
Under reflux.
Risk Analysis Table no 1.7 for Highly basic chemical( High Ph-14)
Risk:
Spillage of Highly basic chemical
during process
Consequences:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator),
of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion, of inhalation. The
amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can
result in corneal damage or blindness. Repeated exposure of the eyes to
a low level of dust can produce eye irritation. Repeated skin exposure
can produce local skin destruction, or dermatitis.
Precautions:
Keep container dry. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to this
product. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory
equipment. If you feel unwell, seek medical attention and show the
label when possible. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from
incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals, acids,
alkalis, moisture. Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container
in a cool, well-ventilated area. Do not store above 23C (73.4F).
Conclusion:

Special attention is to provided for avoid leakage, during entire course
of reaction. After Spill:Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a
convenient waste disposal container (disposed to CHWTDS). If
necessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of acetic acid.
It comes under VERY HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

172

Risk Analysis Table no 1.8 for 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-Naphthoquinone
Risk:
Direct contact with skin, Eyes & ingestion in digestive tract
during process & handing
Consequences:
In case of skin contact irritant, , eye contact irritant, Harmful if
swallowed. May cause severe irritation of the digestive tract.
Precautions:
Use only in a well-ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and
accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid
ingestion and inhalation by personal protective equipments. Facilities
storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash
facility and a safety shower
Conclusion:

Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a
tightly closed container.
6 Then charge ONA (ortho nitro anilsole- NO2-C6-H4-OCH3) (1250 kgs.) in 8-10
hour
slowly at 60
0
C -65
0
C.under reflux.
7 Stir for further 1 hour.
8 Heat to 68-70
0
C in 1to 1 hour.
9 Maintain tem 68-70
0
C for 12 hour under reflux.
Risk Analysis Table no 2.0 for {4-}Nitroanisole
Risk: Spread in working place during process & handing
Consequences:
In case of skin contact hazardous, eye contact irritant, The substance
may be toxic to blood, kidneys, live.
Precautions:
Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all
equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust.
Wear suitable protective clothing. In case of insufficient ventilation,
wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice
173

immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with
skin and eyes. Keep away.from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents.
Use of personal protective equipment.
Conclusion:

Store in a cool, dry place. Do not store in direct sunlight. Store in a
tightly closed container.

10. Cool to 60
0
C & open the manhole& charge Dichlone (manually (25 kgs.)
& closed the Manhole & stir for 1hour.under reflux. at 60
0
C.
11. Then Charge Formaldehyde though measuring vessel (630 kgs.) slowly in 8 to 10
Hours at 60 to 65
0
C under Reflux. and stir for 1 hours under Reflux.
Risk Analysis Table no 2.1 for Formaldehyde
Risk: Spillage occurs during process & handing
Consequences:
Very hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, .
Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant, sensitizer, permeator), of
eye contact (corrosive). Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact
(corrosive). Severe over-exposure can result in death. Inflammation of
the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching.
Precautions:
Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all
equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do not breathe
gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice
immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with
skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents,
reducing agents, acids, alkalis, moisture.
Conclusion:

Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool,
well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until
ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).
174

It comes under MODERATE SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

12. Then Heat to 68 to 70
0
C slowly in 1 1 Hours. and maintain temperature 68 to
70
0
C for 12 hours under Reflux.
13. Cool to 27 to 30
0
C through jacketed cooling by using cooling water from cooling
tower.
14. Filtered in Nutch, Methanol (95 %) with proper earthing.
Refer Risk Analysis Table no 1.6 for Methanol

Collected in distillation Tank and after distillation reused for Next batch. ( Distillation
at 65 to 68
0
C). W/C(wet-cake) washing in nutch by water to be done.
15. In HDPE 15 KL Vessel Charge Ice and Sulfuric acid through measuring vessel
1500 kgs. of ( 70 % )at 0
0
C. and Charge Thiourea manually, 25 kgs. and stir for 15 min.
Risk Analysis Table no 2.2 for HCL (Acidic)
Risk: Spillage of HCL in storage area or process
Consequences:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator),
of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion, . Slightly hazardous in
case of inhalation (lung sensitizer). Non-corrosive for lungs. Liquid or
spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly on mucous
membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. In case of contact,
immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Precautions:
Engineering Controls:Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation,
or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below
recommended. Exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume
or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne
175

contaminantsbelow the exposure limit.Personal Protection:Splash
goggles. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified
respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
If spillage occurs, than water spread on spillage & waste water is
neutralized.
Conclusion:

Store in a DEMARK AREA cool, dry place. SPRED AWARE OF
HAZARDS OF HCL TO ALL EMPLYEE.
It comes under VERY HIGH SEVERITY (refer severity chart 1.A)

16. Charge w/c wet cake of stage no. 14 from Nutch (MSRL 48 inch) in 1 Hour at
0
0
C. by using Ice Cube at <Ph 1.0
Refer Risk Analysis Table no 2.2 for HCL (Acidic).
17. Stirr for 2 Hours Temp. Observed 27 to 30
0
C.
18. Heat to 60
0
C slowly in 2 Hours and maintain for 2 hours
19. Charge HCL (30 %) manually through 50 kgs. carbouy, 35 to 40 deg., 500 kgs stirr
for 2 Hours .
20. Charge 10 % salt of Volume of Reaction mass in Hours. and stirr for 6 to 7
Hours.
21. Filtered Reaction Mass by using Centrifuge, SS 48 inch cap. Wet Cake suck dry
and Unload.
22. In other reactor HDPE (15 KL) take water and charge WetCake under stirring to
make Uniform Slurry.
23. Charge Soda Ash (solution )manually 475 kgs. Qty Slowly in 5 to 6 Hours.
Controlling Foam by using n.Octonal 3 to 5 kgs. QTY till pH 9, maintain pH 9.0 under
stirring for 6 Hours. & filtered by using Centrifuge W/C suck & dry 50 to 55
0
C and
Unload.

176

Risk Analysis Table no 2.3for n-octanol
Risk: Leakage of methanol during use or storage.
Consequences:
Vapour or mist can cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract,
headache, nausea and vomiting, drowziness, dizziness, loss of
coordination, CNS depression.
Precautions:
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation required. Respiratory
Protection: Dust/mist mask. NIOSH/OSHAapproved supplied-air respirator
for concentrations up to1000 ppm. Positive pressure, full face-piece self-
contained breathing apparatus for higher or unknown concentrations, or for
fire or spill conditions.
Conclusion:
Nothing specific.

Then unloaded material is charged in blender for standardization and blend as per
required strength and then unload in 25 kgs. Drums or bags meaning, (particle size 40
60 mesh approx.) & pack For Dispatched.
Risk Analysis Table no 2.4 for Fast blue B Base
Risk: Hazardous in case of ingestion.
Consequences:
Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact
(irritant), of inhalation. Headache
Precautions:
No known effect on eye contact, rinse with water for a few minutes.
Inhalation: Allow the victim to rest in a well ventilated area. Seek
immediate medical attention. Seek immediate medical attention.
Conclusion:
Nothing specific.

177

7.2DISASTERMANAGEMENTPLAN
Disaster Management Plan (DMP) will consider all the factors responsible for
management of any small or big disaster. Emergency prevention through good design,
operation, maintenance and inspection are essential to reduce the probability of
occurance.However, certain operation & practices may lead to unwarranted situation
wherein disaster scenario can emerge. The DMP, therefore, addresses to mitigate the
effects of such situation with a view to bring restoration of normality at the earliest.
The overall objective e of a disaster management plan is to make use of the combined
resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following:
To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it.
To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property.
Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties;
Safeguard other people, outside the project boundary;
Evacuated people to safe areas;
Inform and collaborate with statutory local and state authorities;
Provide credible information to news media;
Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control;
Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry
into the cause and circumstances of the emergency;
Investigate and take steps to prevent recurrences of similar incidents.
The DMP, therefore need to be related to the identification of sources from which
hazards can arise and the maximum credible loss scenario that can take place in the
concerned area.
The plan takes into accounts the maximum credible loss scenario. The actions that can
successfully mitigate the effects of losses/ emergency need to be planned in a way that
it would require less effort and resources to control and tackle emergencies.
178

7.1.3 Activation of the Plan
Before the site becomes operational with any of the planned activities, a systematic
organization structure shall be in place. At the initial stages, the fire organization chart
facility specific which shall be prepared. The main incident controller will need to
activate the on-site plan at the appropriate stage and when it as necessary. During idle
shift/holidays, the security personnel will combat the incident a per the fire
organization chart and at the same time inform various emergency controllers for
guidance and control the situation. A probable organogram will be drawn once the site
is operational with details of all on site and offsite personnel along with their duties and
responsibilities while on duty or off duty. The contact details shall also be maintained
as a contingency plan.
7.1.4 Emergency Equipment
The site controller will maintain a list of emergency handling equipment including
details of fire extinguishers their validity and potency, protective clothing, and personal
protective equipment for emergency handlers etc. Details of fire management services
of Ambernath and details of nearby hospitals will be available with site controller in his
operating checklist. The major hospitals, clinic, emergency services shall be kept in the
knowledge of all concerned, especially by security personnel. An ambulance /
equivalent vehicle shall always be maintained at site for only emergency issues. Fire
fighting related water tank with adequate water quantity and system with fire hoses
shall be kept readily available.

7.1.5 Emergency Response
Dangerous Situations
These are defined as the condition with following situation:
Any fir of explosion in the facility
Any fire in the service buildings
Fire or explosion in the boiler area
179

Fire the RDF storage are/ compost
Fire drill exercise.
7.1.5.1 Actions in the Event of Fire
Extinguishing fires: A small fire at a point of leakage should be
extinguished by enveloping with a water spray or a suitable
smothering agent such as CO
2
or DCP. Fire fighting personnel
working in or close to un-ignited vapor clouds or close to fire, must
be protected continuously by water sprays. Fire fighters should
advance towards the fire downwind.
In case the only valve that can be used to stop the leakage is
surrounded by fire, it may be possible to close it manually. He
person attempting the closure should be continuously protected by
water sprays, fire entry suit, water jet blanket and other suitable
material. The person must be equipped with a safety belt and a
manned lifeline. In case of rapid increase in decibel level of noise,
evacuates the area, as there could have been over pressurization
situation.

7.1.5.2 Response Sequence during Dangerous Situations
Person noticing the fire should attempt to isolate and extinguished the fire
with the available equipment and inform or arrange to inform the leader/
Senior representative regarding the:
Location of the fire
Material of burning
Extent of fire
Callers Name & Number
A proper code of communication shall be maintained wherein the caller makes sure
that message has bee n convey to the right person.

180

Security or the co-coordinators will
Respond to the scene of the incident
Arrange to send the necessary fire fighting equipment to the scene
of the incident
Extinguish the fire with available equipment.
Security Officer will:
Sound the siren as per the siren code
Inform the site main/ incident controller and act as per his
instructions
To ensure closure of gates immediately to regular traffic in such a
way that free movement of outside assistance like fire tenders,
ambulance etc is available.
Security should cordon off the area and local city fire fighting staff should be
Notified. Local fire fighters may need to be notified for further assistance.
All the staff should stop their operations/ work, switch off lights, fans,
Machines etc. it should be made sure while evacuating that no one leaves
Unattended hazardous situation in their work place. All persons should
Assemble to nearest location designations for fire & hazardous situation.
7.1.5.3 Reporting and follow-up system
All Cases of fire occurrence, no matter how small, must be reported promptly
to the responsible coordinator for further action to avoided such incident.
Fire extinguishing equipment once used be should not be returned to its
Locations without it is being recharges/ certified fit by the fire chief/ safety
Manager.
All fire extinguishers after use should be laid horizontally to indicate that they
181

have been exhausted.

7.1.5.4 Alarm Warning System
An electrical alarm (Siren) should be located in the main gate. An alternate system for
its electrical supply should be made so that in no situation, the alarm should fail. The
different can be generated by the alarm to indicate different level of warming such as:
o Small fire
o Major fire
o Emergency
o All clear ( For Fire)
o Test
In case of failure of electricity, during fire use of Hand run alarm be brought into.
7.1.5.5 Emergency Response & Coordination Centre (ERCC)
The Control room will be nominated as the ERCC. At the time of the emergency on-site
controller assisted by other designated coordinators shall take position to perform their
duties. The security office at the gate shall be utilized as standby. The emergency
response and coordination centre will be the focal point in case of an emergency from
where the overall operations to handle the emergency are directed and coordinated. It
will be located outside the area of potential hazardous and easily approachable.
The emergency control Centre should have the following resources available:
Copies of the DMP
Layout plan of the complex
Information regarding safety equipment, fire fighting material
A list of telephones of key and essential staff of the company along with their
Residential numbers.
Copies of the local telephone numbers like those of neighboring industries,
182

Fire brigade, hospitals etc.
Personal protective equipment
First- Aid kit
Antidots Kit
Communication equipment- internal and external telephone and other
Communication equipment
Requisite stationary items
Personnel to act as messengers.
In Addition to many of the above measures an attempt will be made to add any site
specific steps %& manpower based instruction. It should be in multiple languages
including Marathi & Hindi. The communication equipment is checked out
periodically to ensure that they are functional. The ERCC should be capable of being
activated within a few minutes upon declaration of an emergency.
7.1.5.6 Medical & Related Resources
The medical management for the possible emergency situations essentially consists of
treatment for burns & maybe some asphyxiation cases. They should cause burns
injuries. Materials safety data sheets and other relevant information would also be
available at the facility to enable ready treatment of any casualty, should the
unfortunate need arise. It is also proposed to circulate any import health and toxicology
material available through the latest research to all doctors & medical professionals.
7.1.5.7 Response Evaluation ,Testing & Updating of the plan
Formulation of a Disaster Management Plan cannot possible be an itself. It needs to
be tested by holding of periodical mock emergency simulation and drill. Any
shortcomings revealed during such exercise should thereafter be corrected by amending
the plan. The plan should be for future; hence, it must be reviewed at periodic intervals.
He plan should be also reviewed and updated when:
Major alteration or extension of plant is carried out.
Major change in habitation or land use of the neighborhood takes place.
183

Important telephone number used altered, facilities are change.
7.1.5.8 Mock Drills & Awareness
Mock drills activating the Disaster preparedness plan will be conducted periodically for
ensuring its efficiency during emergency as well as for refinement and updation. These
drills based on the plan will help achieve its objectives. The Emergency Response
coordination Centre shall be the main coordinator for making people aware of the
situation and emergency condition response.
ETCC will also have mobile command post for immediate movement within the lane
boundary or any other situation.
7.2 Off-site Emergency Plan
It is integral to the overall hazard and risk management due to plant facilities operation.
Off-site plan addresses all issues which can have impact out-site of the site. Off-site
Emergency plane has many components which need to be in place for effective plan
7.2.1 Organization: The organizational structure requires details of command
structure, Warning system, implementation procedures, emergency control
centers, In addition it also needs names & appointments of emergency
coordinator along with other related key personnel.
7.2.2 Communications: The communication part warrants the complete identification
of Personnel involved. Communication centre, call signs network and list of
telephone numbers of all concerned. The clarity of communication is key to
effective off- site emergency plan.
7.2.3 Specialized knowledge and Information: Details of specialist bodies, firms and
People whose expertise may be required shall be maintained. In addition to
expert list, detail of all hazardous substances stored or processed at the site and a
summery of the risk associated with them shall be maintained.
7.2.4 Voluntary organizations & NGOs: A complete list of details of organizers,
Telephone numbers, resource availability who are in the vicinity will need to be
maintained.
7.2.5 Meteorological information: Weather condition prevailing at the time & weather
184

Forecasts should be maintained at the site for its possible use in forecasting episodes
& climate analysis.
7.2.6 Humanitarian arrangements: Transport, evacuation centers, emergency feeding
Treatment of injured, first aid, antidote , ambulances, temporary mortuaries
relate information shall be also maintained at ERCC.
7.2.7 Public Information: Arrangement for public interference and communication
shall be made to deal with the media of all kinds. This facility will also be useful
for relatives, nearby people of any concerned person. These arrangements will
also facilities for collecting information on the causes of the emergency; as also
reviewing the efficiency & effectiveness of all emergency plans.
7.2.8 Role of the Emergency Co-coordinating Officers: The various emergency
services should be coordinated by an emergency co coordinating officer (ECO),
who will be designated by the District collector. The ECO should liaise closely
with the site controller. Again, depending on local arrangement, for very severe
incident with major prolonged off-site consequences, the external control can be
passed on to a senior local authority administrator or even an administrator
appointed by the central or state government.

7.2.9 Role of the implementing Authority: The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies
with implementing authorities. The appointed person will carry out his duty in
preparing for a whole range of different emergencies within their jurisdiction
area. The responsible person will coordinate to obtain the information to provide
the basis for the plan. This liaison should ensure that the plan is continually up
dated and communicated to all stake holders.
It will be the responsibility of the appointed person by implementing authority (also
called emergency planning officer, EPC) to ensure that all those organizations. This will
be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their roles and responsibility.
Sufficient staff and appropriates equipment arrangement shall be responsibility of
respective person. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be organized by the EPC.
7.13.10 Role of Police: Formal duties of the police during an emergency include
protecting life & property & controlling traffic movements. Their functions should
185

include controlling by standers, evacuating the public, identifying any serious
problems, and informing all concerned.
7.13.11Role of Fire Authorities: The control of a fire should normally be the
responsibility of the senior fire bridge officer who would take over the handling of the
fire from the site controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire bridge officer should
also have similar responsibility for other events, such as explosions and toxic release
Fire authorities in the region should be apprised about the location of all stores of
flammable materials, water & foam supply points, and fire- fighting equipment. They
should be involved in on site emergency rehearsals both as participates and on
occasion, as observers of exercises involving on-site personnel.

7.13.12Role of Health Authorities: Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons,
hospitals, Ambulances and similar other persons/institutions should have a vital part
to play following a major accident & they should form an integral part of the emergency
plan. Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment & facilities in
addition to those available locally, and a medical mutual aid scheme should exist to
enable the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the event of an
emergency.

7.13.13 Role of Government Safety Authority: This will be the factory inspectorate
available in the region. Inspectors are likely to want to satisfy themselves that the
organization responsible for producing the off-site plan has made adequate
arrangements for handling exigencies of all types including major emergencies. They
may see well documented procedures & evidence of exercise undertaken to test the
plan. In the event of accidents, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory &
electrical inspector will apply. These may very from keeping a watch to a close
involvement in advising on operations. While the facility will activate the DMP & take
necessary measures & arrange to extend all medical & security support, the factor/
electrical inspectorate may be the external agency with resources to carry out
appropriate tests to assess the impact.
186

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187

8.MATERIALSAFETYDATASHEETLIST

LIST OF RAW MATERIALS

Sr. No. List Of The Raw Materials Used
At All Stages Of Manufacture
Specific Name in MSDS
1 NMJ Acid N-Methyl J - Acid
2 Sulpho Tobias Acid 2- Napthylamine 1,5 Disulphonic
Acid
3 Caustic Soda (Flakes) Caustic Soda
4 Hydrochloric Acid Hydrochloric Acid
5 Sodium Nitrite Sodium Nitrite
6 Acetic Anhydride Acetic Anhydride
7 Soda Ash Sodium carbonate
8 Salt Fine Common Salt
9 Cynuric Chloride Cynuric Chloride
10 Liquor Ammonia Liquor Ammonia
11 Sulphamic Acid Sulphamic Acid
12 Vinyl Sulphone Ester Vinyl sulphone
13 S.P.C.P.
3-Carboxy-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-5-
pyrazolone Sodium Salt
14 H. Acid
1- Amino 8- Hydroxy Naphthalene
3,6 Disulphonic Acid
188

15 Orthanilic Acid
2-AMINOBENZENE SULFONIC
ACID
16 O. T. Liquid
Ortho Toludine Liquid
17 MPDSA 1,3 Diamino Benzol 6, Sulphonic
Acid
18 DASDA
4,4'-Diaminostilbene-2,2'-
disulfonic acid
19 Sodium Bi Carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
20 K.Acid 2-Naphthylamine-3,6,8-
Trisulfonic Acid(118-03-
6),SN:AM-010953
21 MUA Meta Amino Phenyl Urea
Hydrochloride
22 Oil H.S.
Mineral Oil
23 BDSA 2, ,2'-Benzidine Di sulfonic Acid
(2,2'-Biphenyldisulfonic acid, 4,4'-
diamino-)
24 Metanilic Acid
Metanilic acid,
25 MOP
Potassium Chloride
26 Octanol
2 Ethyl Hexanol
(Octanol)
27 Tobias Acid 2 Amino 1 Naphthalene Sulphonic
Acid
28 5-Sulpho Anthanilic Acid
2 Amino Benzene 3 Carboxy 5
Sulphonic Acid
29 C. Acid
2-Naphthalamine 8- Hydroxi 6-
Sulphonic Acid
30 Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide 30%
189

31 P.P.D. PPD
32 Potassium Carbonate
Potassium carbonate, anhydrous

33 Caustic Potash
Potassium hydroxide,
34 Dispersing Agent
RHEOBUILD 1023 (Super Pack)
35 Ferros Sulphate
Ferrous sulfate
36 Lime Powder
Hydrated Lime
37 Carbon Black
Carbon Black (Amorphous Carbon)
38 Antidust Oil Antidusting Agent
(Mineral Oil)
39 Sodium Sulphate
Sodium sulfate anhydrous
40 Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid
41 Sodium Acetate
Sodium acetate anhydrous
42 MPDDSA Metaphenylene Diamine
Disulphonic Acid
43 2 Ethyl Pyridone
Ethyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-
pyridone-3-carboxylate
44 Sulphanilic Acid
Sulfanilic acid
45 Gamma Acid
2- Amino 8Naphthol 6-Sulphonic
Acid
46 J .Acid
7-Amino 4- Hydroxy 2-
Naphthalene Sulphonic Acid
(Mono Hydrate)
47 Resorcinaol
Resorcinol

48 OAVS Vinyl Sulphone Ester of Ortho
190

Anisidine
49 Copper Sulphate
Copper sulfate pentahydrate
50 SPMP 3-Methyl-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-2-
pyrazolin-5-one
51 B - Naphthol
Naphthol-2
52 Pig. Red Cerise
Pigment Red 8
53 Alpha Blue/Heuco Blue
Copper Phthalocynine Alpha blue
54 Yellow 12 Pigment Yellow 12
(Pigment Yellow AG)
55 CPC Green
Pigment Green 7
56 Orange G (13)
Orange G
57 4.5 Mole
Nonylphenol 4.5
58 MEG -
Mono Ethylene Glycol
(Ethylene glycol)
59 Syntho D Foam (Defoamer)
Silecon Defoamer
60 Dynol SP 20
Styrelated Phenol Ethoxylate
61 9.5 mole (fn 136)
Nonylphenol 9.5
62 DMAPA
Dimethylaminopropylamine
(DMAPA)
63 STPP
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE
64 Ortho Nitro Anisol
2-Nitroanisole
65 Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde 37% solution
66 Dichlone
Dichlone
67 Thio Urea Thiourea
191

68 Cobalt Sulphate
Cobalt Sulphate 31%
69 Phthalic Anhydride
Phthalic anhydride
70 Nitro Benzene
Nitrobenzene
71 Methanol
Methanol
72 ODCB
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
73 Carbamide
Urea
74 Styrene Acrylate
Polymer of 2-propenoic acid, butyl
ester, diethenylbenzene, and
ethenylbenzene
75 Chlorine gas
Molecular Chlorine
76 Cobalt Metal
Cobalt
77 NITROBENZENE
NITROBENZENE
78 chlorine
chlorine
79 ODCB
ODCB
80 Ammonia
Ammonia
81 Dimethylaminopropylamine
Dimethylaminopropylamine
82 HCL
HCL
83 n. octanol
n. octanol
84 ortho nitro anilsole
ortho nitro anilsole
85 fast blue b base
fast blue b base

192

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Environmental

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

Chikloli Dam (upstream) (1.0 km from Monomer)

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South-Haji malang Village

West- Near GIP Railway DAM

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Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

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Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

Monomer Chemical Industries Pvt. Ltd. : Environmental Impact Assessment

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