MULTICARRIER MODULATION FOR WIMAX:

SIMULATION RESULTS OF MODULE-1

NARESH KUMAR.T
(07EC6314)
CONETENTS PAGE NO:
OFDM SYMOL !ENERATION "-#
CODIN! SCHEME IM$LEMENTATION #-7
E%UALI&ER IM$LEMENTATION '-10
ISI SIMULATION WITH (ARYIN! 10-11
!UARD FRACTION
FADIN! CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS 11-13
SUCARRIER S$ACIN! EFFECT
ON RECEI(ER $ERFORMACE 13-14
SU CARRIER )SU CHANNEL
ALLOCATION STRATER!Y 14-1#
1
$RO*ECT SIMULATION RESULTS:
1.OFDM SYMOL !ENERATION:
LOCK SCHEMATIC :
MATLAB CODE:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
Tu=64e-6; %useful OFDM symbol period
T=Tu/256; %baseband elemenary period
F!=256; %"FFT/FFT len#$
%=&'; %carrier period o elemenary period raio
fc=%(&/T; %carrier fre%uency
)s=4(fc; %simulaion period
='*&/)s*Tu/2;
%Daa #eneraor
M=&+2;
a=-&,2(round-rand-M.&//,i(--&,2(round-rand-M.&///;
0=len#$-a/;
info=1eros-F!.&/;
info-&*-0/2// = 2 a-&*-0/2//345; %6ero paddin#
info--F!---0/2/-&//*F!/ = 2 a---0/2/,&/*0/345;
%!ubcarriers #eneraion
carriers=F!3(iff-info.F!/;
%cyclic prefi7 inserion
pl=F!(-&/8/;
li=len#$-carriers/;
1=1eros--pl,li/.&/;
for i=&*&*li
1-pl,i/=carriers-i/;
end
for i=&*&*pl
1-i*pl/=carriers--li-pl,i/*li/;
end
='*T/2*Tu;
fi#ure-&/;
subplo-2&&/;
sem--&*2'/.real-1-&*2'///;
subplo-2&2/;
sem--&*2'/.ima#-1-&*2'///;
% D/0 simulaion
9 = len#$-1/;
c$ips = 2134;1eros--2(%/-&.9/5;
"
p=&/)s*&/)s*T/2;
#=ones-len#$-p/.&/; %pulse s$ape
fi#ure-:/;
sem-p.#/;
dummy=con;-#.c$ips-*//;
u=2dummy-&*len#$-//5;
fi#ure-4/;
subplo-2&&/;
plo--&*4''/.real-u-&*4''///;
subplo-2&2/;
plo--&*4''/.ima#-u-&*4''///;
2b.a5 = buer-&:.&/2'/; %reconsrucion filer
2<.F5 = F)=>6-b.a.F!.)s/;
fi#ure-6/;
plo-F.2'(lo#&'-abs-<///;
uof = filer-b.a.u/; %baseband si#nal
fi#ure-?/;
subplo-2&&/;
plo--8'*48'/.real-uof-8'*48'///;
subplo-2&2/;
plo--8'*48'/.ima#-uof-8'*48'///;
%@pcon;erer
sAilde=-uof34/3(e7p-&(B(2(pi(fc(/;
s=real-sAilde/; %passband si#nal
fi#ure-+/;
plo--8'*48'/.s-8'*48'//;
%(((((((()=C="D=) D=!"EF(((((((((((((((%
rAilde=e7p--&(B(2(pi(fc(/3(s; %doGn con;erion
fi#ure-&'/;
subplo-2&&/;
plo-.real-rAilde//;
a7is-2'e-? &''e-? -6' 6'5/;
#rid on;
subplo-2&2/;
plo-.ima#-rAilde//;
a7is-2'e-? &''e-? -&'' &5'5/;
2H.005 = buer-&:.&/2/;
rAinfo=2(filer-H.00.rAilde/; %9OG pass filered oupu
fi#ure-&&/;
subplo-2&&/;
plo-.real-rAinfo//;
a7is-2' &''e-? -6' 6'5/;
#rid on;
fi#ure-&&/;
subplo-2&2/;
plo-.ima#-rAinfo//;
a7is-2' &''e-? -&'' &5'5/;
len#$-rAinfo/
#rid on;
%rAdaa=-rAinfo-&*-2(%/*len#$-///;
rAdaa=real-rAinfo-&*-2(%/*len#$-///,B(ima#-rAinfo-&*
-2(%/*len#$-///;
fi#ure-&2/;
subplo-2&&/;
sem--&*:'/.-real-rAdaa-2*:&////;
a7is-2'3:?5e-6 :'e-? -4' 4'5/;
#rid on;
subplo-2&2/;
sem--&*:'/.-ima#-rAdaa-&*:'////;
a7is-2'3:?5e-6 :'e-? -4' 4'5/;
#rid on;
3
%FFT
infoA2F=-&/F!/(ff-rAdaa.9/;
%remo;al of cyclic prefi7
infoA2F=infoA2F--pl,&/*len#$-infoA2F//;
len#$-infoA2F/
infoA$=2infoA2F-&*0/2/ infoA2F--F!---0/2/-&//*F!/5;
fi#ure-&:/
#rid on;
plo-infoA$--&*0//.4(4/;
ile-4info )ecei;ed Consellaion4/
"FI@T !=>@=FC=*
F"9T=)=D O/I H@TT=)JO)T<*
4
I0!!H0FD !"EF09*
)=C="D=D !=>@=FC=;
O/I*
CODIN! SCHEMES IM$LEMENTATIONS:
%$SK:
clc;
clear;
#=inpu-4ener $e bi sream*4/;
l=len#$-#/;
if-rem-l.2/K='/;
error-4please inser a ;ecor di;isible by 24/;
end

='*-&/++/*&;
#
cp=25;sp=25;
mod=25;mod&=25;bi=25;
for n=&*2*len#$-#/;
if #-n/==' LL #-n,&/==&;
inp$=-&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
%p$=--&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
daa=21eros-&.5'/ ones-&.5'/5;
elseif #-n/==' LL #-n,&/==';
inp$=--&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
%p$=--&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
daa=21eros-&.5'/ 1eros-&.5'/5;
elseif #-n/==& LL #-n,&/==';
inp$=--&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
%p$=-&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
daa=2ones-&.5'/ 1eros-&.5'/5;
elseif #-n/==& LL #-n,&/==&;
inp$=-&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
%p$=-&/s%r-2//(ones-&.&''/;
daa=2ones-&.5'/ ones-&.5'/5;
end
f=&'(&'M6;
c=cos-2(pi(f(/;
s=sin-2(pi(f(/;
cp=2cp inp$5;
sp=2sp %p$5;
mod=2mod c5;
mod&=2mod& s5;
bi=2bi daa5;
end
bpsN=cp3(mod,sp3(mod&;
subplo-2.&.&/;plo-bi.49ineJid$4.&35/;#rid on;
ile-4Hinary !i#nal4/
a7is-2' 5'(len#$-#/ -&35 &355/;

subplo-2.&.2/;plo-bpsN.49ineJid$4.&35/;#rid on;
ile-4>I!O modulaion4/
a7is-2' 5'(len#$-#/ -&35 &355/;
RESULTS:+,-+. -/+ 01- 2-.+34:51 0 0 1 1 0 1 06
#. 2-789 +::+;- <: =3.91,> 270 ;3..1+. 2?3;1,> <, .+;+1=+. ?+.:<.43,;+ :
Complex envelope of the transmitted OFDM signal for a given OFDM
Symol! sampled "ith sampling fre#$en%y fs&B'
6
"ith (n&)!*!+!,-.*'
This symol is a%t$ally extended "ith a Time /$ard in order to %ope "ith
m$ltipath delay spread! as explained in Se%tion 00( For the sa1e of simpli%ity!
"e "ill not %onsider this prefix sin%e it is eliminated in the re%eiver( Ass$ming
that the %hannel is flat! the signal is only affe%ted y phase noise at the
re%eiver the re%eived signal is Orthogonal Fre#$en%y Division Dem$ltiplexed
2OFDD3 y means of a Dis%rete Fo$rier Transform(
0n order to separate the signal and noise terms! let $s s$ppose that is small!
so that 0n this %ase! the dem$ltiplexed signal is:
Th$s "e have an error term for ea%h s$.%arrier "hi%h res$lts from some
%omination of all of them and is added to the $sef$l signal( Let $s analy4e
more deeply this noise %ontri$tion:
*3 Common 5hase Error: for 2r&13
6e have a %ommon error added to every s$.%arrier that is proportional to
its val$e m$ltiplied y a %omplex n$mer that is a rotation of the %onstellation(
This angle res$lts from an average of phase noise:
This average implies lo" fre#$en%ies of phase noise spe%tr$m $p to! that is
the inter.%arrier spa%ing( Sin%e it is %onstant for all s$.%arriers! it %an e
%orre%ted y some 1ind of phase rotation(
This term %orresponds to the s$mmation of the information of the other s$.
%arriers ea%h m$ltiplied y some %omplex n$mer "hi%h %omes from an
7
average of phase noise "ith a spe%tral shift( The res$lt is also a %omplex
n$mer that is added to ea%h s$.%arrier7s $sef$l signal and has the
appearan%e of /a$ssian noise( 0t is normally 1no"n as inter.%arrier
interferen%e(
*( 6hen the ratio et"een the phase noise and"idth and he OFDM inter.
%arrier spa%ing is small! it %omes o$t from that the %ommon phase error
dominates over the inter.%arrier interferen%e 20C03( Sin%e this error %an e
%orre%ted together "ith the %hannel effe%ts 89:! the symol error rate after
%orre%tion is m$%h lo"er than efore as
+( On the other hand! as this ratio approa%hes $nity! that is! the phase noise
and"idth e%omes %loser to the inter.%arrier spa%ing val$e! the inter.%arrier
interferen%e in%reases and the %orre%tion %apailities de%rease(
;(0f it is greater than *! then symol error rate after %orre%tion %an e e#$al to
that otained efore %orre%tion or even "orse if the %hosen phase %orre%ting
S%heme fails d$e to the presen%e of noise
(
+( ADA5T0<E =ESO>=CE ALLOCAT0O- ST=ATE=/0ES TO
COMBAT T?E EFFECT OF FAD0-/ E-<0=O-ME-TS:
6e %onsider $n%oded transmission over a syn%hrono$s flat fading m$ltiple.
a%%ess 2$plin13 OFDM dis%retetime system "ith - $sers and L s$.%arriers
2referred to as s$.ands3 for ea%h $ser( The signal re%eived at time
n is given y:
"here xi!@2n3 denotes the transmitted symol! si!@ the spreading se#$en%e!
"i!@2n3 the additive /a$ssian noise and hi!@ 2n3 the stationary and ergodi%
%hannel gain %orresponding to >ser i in s$.and @( The hi!@ 2n3 are ass$med
to e i(i(d(! and to res$lt from a %omination of fast 2ass$med
=ayleigh3 fading and slo" fading( E#$ivalently!
hi!@ res$lts from the prod$%t of a fast fade rid2n3 and a slo" fade hi!@2n3( 6e
ass$me ri!@2n3 to e $nit mean( E#$ivalently! hi!@2n3 is the short.term mean of
hi!@2n3 2hen%e the symol hi!@ for the slo" fade3( 6e ass$me that hi!@2n3 is
1no"n perfe%tly at the transmitter and re%eiver at time n( -ote that! "ith
appropriate s%aling! "e may ass$me that the noise varian%e is $nity(The
short.term means hi!@ 2n3 for ea%h $ser and ea%h s$.and are fed a%1 from
the ase.station to all the $sers in the system( Sin%e most OFDM systems in
$se today $se the %onventional mat%hed filter re%eiver! "e ass$me the same
'
for o$r OFDMA system! "ith one mat%hed filter for every Spreading se#$en%e
si!@( 6e ass$me that any t"o spreading Se#$en%es have a %onstant %ross
%orrelation given y 56e(
-o" %hara%teri4e the %onstraints imposed on this system y pra%ti%al
re#$irements( The po"er of ea%h >ser i is re#$ired not to ex%eed p on
average! "here the average is over the %omposite fading distri$tion hi!@ 2n3(
Constr$%ting a matrix ?2n3 "hose 2i! @3th element is hi!@2n3 and denoting the
po"er of >ser i in s$.%hannel @ y 5i!@ !"e have E? %@A&! 5i!@ & p for * B i B -(
First! "e analy4e the MC.CDMA system given "ith one s$.and per $ser! i(e
"ith L & *( This is e#$ivalent to a syn%hrono$s ofdma system "itho$t inter.
symol interferen%e 20S03( There are three "ell 1no"n te%hni#$es for dynami%
rate adaptation OFDM systems: m$lti.%ode! m$lti.it =ate and variale
%onstellation si4e methods! "hi%h are explained in 89:( To maintain %ontin$ity
"ith previo$s se%tions! "e fo%$s on variale.%onstellation si4e s%hemes in this
paper( 0n a variale %onstellation si4e s%heme! ea%h $ser is assigned a single
spreading se#$en%e(
@