Ferro Silicon

FERRO SILICON
Chemwatch Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006)

Issue Date: 15-Mar-2006 CHEMWATCH 7022-54
NA160TCP Version No:3
CD 2010/1 Page 1 of 16
Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
PRODUCT NAME
FERRO SILICON
SUPPLIER
ChemwatchPty Ltd
+61 3 9573 3112 or (whereavailable) Toll Free +800 2436 2255
Email chemwatch@chemwatch.net
Email: chemwatch@chemwatch.net
PRODUCT USE
Operators should be trained in procedures for safe use of this material.
Used to add alloying silicon to molten steel and iron.
SYNONYMS
"Manufacturer's Code FO1", "ferro silicon stabilised", ferrosilicon, "iron silicon alloy", F01
Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE
CONSIDERED A DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO DIRECTIVE 1999/45/EC AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
HAZARD RATINGS
Flammability
Toxicity
Body Contact
Reactivity
Chronic
SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4
RISK
Risk Codes Risk Phrases
R15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases.
R53 May cause long- term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
NAME CAS RN INT HAZ %
ferrosilicon 8049-17-0 Xn 100
R CODES: R10, R15, R53
with 30- 90% silicon
10- 70% iron
< 10% aluminium
decomposition products include
phosphine 7803-51-2 F+,T+,N
EC NO: 232-260-8
R CODES: R12, R17, R26, R34, R50
arsine 7784-42-1 F+,T+,N
EC NO: 232-066-3
R CODES: R12, R26, R48/20, R50/53
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Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
and hydrogen gas
Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
SWALLOWED
For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor at once.
Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed.
If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.
If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to
maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
Observe the patient carefully.
Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming
unconscious.
Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.
Transport to hospital or doctor without delay.
EYE
If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by
occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
SKIN
Brush off dust.
If skin contact occurs:
Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
INHALED
If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to
initiating first aid procedures.
Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask
device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
Transport to hospital, or doctor.
NOTES TO PHYSICIAN
Treat symptomatically.
For severe acute or short term repeated exposures to phosphine:
There is no antidote. Clinical manifestations include headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, cough, dyspnoea,
paresthaesias, jaundice, ataxia, intention tremor, weakness and diplopia.
i Care is supportive and all obviously symptomatic patients should be monitored in an intensive care
setting. Watch for dysrhythmias. ii Replace fluids/electrolytes iii Followblood chemistries (calcium,
phosphorus, glucose, prothrombin time, CBC) at least daily iv Followrenal and hepatic function at least
daily. Avoid any alcohol intake.
The risk of pulmonary oedema after severe exposure requires observation for 24-48 hours but can appear
several days later. Initial X-ray may be useful in assessing development of oedema. If oedema develops,
nurse with trunk upright and administer oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Diuretics, morphine, theophylline
derivatives are of little benefit since oedema is exudate rather than transudate. Bronchodilators by
nebulizer or metered aerosol may reduce bronchospasmand dyspnoea. Where immediate respiratory symptoms
suggest lower airway exposure, steroids may be beneficial, with intravenous injection of methylprednisolone
up to 30 mg/kg body weight initially with subsequent smaller doses. Prophylactic antibiotics are indicated
in all but mild cases. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation with bronchial toilet and suction may be
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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
important elements of treatment. [I.L.O. Health and Safety Guide No. 28].
Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
Dry agent or Dry chemical powder.
Dry sand.
FIRE FIGHTING
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves for fire only.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses.
Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area.
DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY
If any material becomes wet, immediately increase ventilation then, if safe or using personal protective
gear, move to under cover open air storage.
Avoid contact with water, strong alkalis, strong acids.
Reacts slowly with water.
CAUTIONcontamination with moisture will liberate explosive hydrogen gas, causing pressure build up in
sealed containers.
Reacts with acids producing flammable / explosive hydrogen (H2) gas.
Reacts violently with caustic soda, other alkalies - generating heat, highly flammable hydrogen gas.
If alkali is dry, heat generated may ignite hydrogen - if alkali is in solution may cause violent foaming.
PERSONAL PROTECTION
Glasses: Gloves: Respirator:
Chemical goggles. PVC chemical resistant type. Type B- P Filter of sufficient capacity
Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
MINOR SPILLS
Remove all ignition sources.
Clean up all spills immediately.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Control personal contact by using protective equipment.
Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust.
Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal.
MAJOR SPILLS
Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear protective clothing, gloves, safety glasses and dust respirator.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses.
No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Increase ventilation.
Stop leak if safe to do so.
Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust.
Use only spark-free shovels and explosion proof equipment.
Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
Collect residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
Wash area down with large quantity of water and prevent runoff into drains.
After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing
and re-using, If contamination of drains or waterwaysoccurs, advise emergency services.
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Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR SPILL
down wind distance isolation
distance
PROTECTIVE ACTION ZONE
evacuation
direction
evacuation
direction
half
downwind
distance
half
downwind
distance
INITIAL
ISOLATION
ZONE
wind
direction
FromIERG (Canada/Australia)
Isolation Distance 50 metres
DownwindProtection Distance 500 metres
FOOTNOTES
1 PROTECTIVEACTIONZONE is defined as the area in which people are at risk of harmful exposure. This zone
assumes that randomchanges in wind direction confines the vapour plume to an area within 30 degrees on
either side of the predominant wind direction, resulting in a crosswind protective action distance equal to
the downwindprotective action distance.
2 PROTECTIVEACTIONSshould be initiated to the extent possible, beginning with those closest to the spill
and working away from the site in the downwinddirection. Within the protective action zone a level of vapour
concentration may exist resulting in nearly all unprotected persons becoming incapacitated and unable to take
protective action and/or incurring serious or irreversible health effects.
3 INITIAL ISOLATIONZONE is determined as an area, including upwind of the incident, within which a high
probability of localised wind reversal may expose nearly all persons without appropriate protection to life-
threatening concentrations of the material.
4 SMALL SPILLS involve a leaking package of 200 litres (55 US gallons) or less, such as a drum (jerrican or
box with inner containers). Larger packages leaking less than 200 litres and compressed gas leaking from a
small cylinder are also considered "small spills".
LARGE SPILLS involve many small leaking packages or a leaking package of greater than 200 litres, such as
a cargo tank, portable tank or a "one-tonne" compressed gas cylinder.
5 Guide 139 is taken from the US DOT emergency response guide book.
6 IERG information is derived from CANUTEC- Transport Canada.
Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING
Avoid generating and breathing dust Use spark-free tools when handling.
Handle and open container with care.
Before opening sealed drums, spike through the sides near the bottom flange and then near the top flange on
several points around the circumference with a non-sparking pick (e.g. beryllium-copper) to release gas
pressure.
Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
Avoid smoking, naked lights, heat or ignition sources.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
Avoid contact with moisture Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
Avoid physical damage to containers.
Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. Work clothes should be laundered separately.
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Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE
Use good occupational work practice. Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working
conditions are maintained.
SUITABLE CONTAINER
Steel drum Container must be air-tight.
Check that containers are clearly labelled.
Packaging as recommended by manufacturer.
STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY
Segregate from strong acids, strong alkalis.
STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
Reject any shipments giving off odour. DO NOT unload in unventilated store. Any material giving off odour
should only be stored in open air but under cover until tests indicate that it is safe.
Keep dry Avoid physical damage to containers.
Store in original containers.
Keep containers securely sealed.
No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.
Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.
Observe manufacturer's storing and handling recommendations.
_____________________________________________________
SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS
+ X + X X +
_____________________________________________________
+: May be storedtogether
O: May be storedtogetherwith specificpreventions
X: Must not be storedtogether
Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m STEL ppm STEL mg/m Notes
___________ ___________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
EU Consolidated List phosphine (Phosphine) 0.1 0.14 0.2 0.28
of Indicative
Occupational Exposure
Limit Values (IOELVs)
European Union (EU) phosphine (Phosphine) 0, 1 0, 14 0, 2 0, 28
Commission Directive
2006/15/EC
establishing a second
list of indicative
occupational exposure
limit values (IOELVs)
UK Workplace Exposure phosphine (Phosphine) 0.1 0.14 0.2 0.28 R12, 17,
Limits (WELs) 26, 34, 50
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Source Material TWA ppm TWA mg/m STEL ppm STEL mg/m Notes
___________ ___________ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
UK Workplace Exposure arsine (Arsine) 0.05 0.16 R12, 26,
Limits (WELs) 48/20,
50/53
The following materials had no OELs on our records
ferrosilicon: CAS:8049- 17- 0
EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS
Material Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) Revised IDLH Value (ppm)
phosphine 50
arsine 3
ODOUR SAFETY FACTOR (OSF)
OSF=0.1 (ferrosilicon)
Exposed individuals are NOT reasonably expected to be warned, by smell, that the Exposure Standard is being
exceeded.
Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is determined to fall into either Class C, D or E.
The Odour Safety Factor (OSF) is defined as:
OSF= Exposure Standard (TWA) ppm/ Odour Threshold Value (OTV) ppm
Classification into classes follows:
Class OSF Description
A 550 Over 90% of exposed individuals are aware by smell that
the Exposure Standard (TLV- TWA for example) is being
reached, even when distracted by working activities
B 26- 550 As " A" for 50- 90% of persons being distracted
C 1- 26 As " A" for less than 50% of persons being distracted
D 0.18- 1 10- 50% of persons aware of being tested perceive by
smell that the Exposure Standard is being reached
E <0.18 As " D" for less than 10% of persons aware of being
tested
.
MATERIAL DATA
FERROSILICON:
Not available
FERROSILICON:
Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on the eyes, nose or
throat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these irritants have been based on observation of
workers' responses to various airborne concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly every
individual should be protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established
using uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no-observable-effect-
levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results are unavailable. An additional approach,
typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals,
has been to assign ceiling values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-termexposure
limits (TLV STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints combine
to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five-category system based on
intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life. However this system is being replaced to be
consistent with the European Union (EU) Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this
is more closely allied to that of the USA.
OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can:
cause inflammation
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cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents
lead to permanent injury or dysfunction
permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and
acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus increasing the risk of
overexposure.
Odour Threshold Value: 0.5 ppm
NOTE: Detector tubes for arsine, measuring in excess of 0.05 ppm, are commercially available.
The TLV-TWA for arsine is thought to be protective against both the acute and chronic effects (cumulative
damage) of arsine on red-blood cells and kidneys and also provides protection against the oxidation of arsine
to other inorganic arsenic compounds following the inhalation of arsine.
Odour Safety Factor(OSF)
OSF=0.1 (ARSINE).
Odour Threshold Value: 0.010-0.014 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for phosphine, measuring in excess of 0.1 ppm, are commercially available.
The TLV-TWA is protective against respiratory irritation, lung injury and gastrointestinal symptoms
(nausea, vomiting) and central nervous system symptoms noted in workers exposed at mean concentrations below
10 ppm.
This limit does not take into account possible chronic phosphorus poisoning said to result from prolonged
exposure to phosphine.
OSF=0.1 (PHOSPHINE).
Data for decomposition products only.
PHOSPHINE:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.010-0.014 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for phosphine, measuring in excess of 0.1 ppm, are commercially available.
The TLV-TWA is protective against respiratory irritation, lung injury and gastrointestinal symptoms
(nausea, vomiting) and central nervous system symptoms noted in workers exposed at mean concentrations below
10 ppm.
This limit does not take into account possible chronic phosphorus poisoning said to result from prolonged
exposure to phosphine.
OSF=0.1 (PHOSPHINE).
ARSINE:
Odour Threshold Value: 0.5 ppm
NOTE: Detector tubes for arsine, measuring in excess of 0.05 ppm, are commercially available.
The TLV-TWA for arsine is thought to be protective against both the acute and chronic effects (cumulative
damage) of arsine on red-blood cells and kidneys and also provides protection against the oxidation of arsine
to other inorganic arsenic compounds following the inhalation of arsine.
OSF=0.1 (ARSINE).
PERSONAL PROTECTION
EYE
Safety glasses with side shields; or as required,
Chemical goggles.
Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A
written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or restrictions on use, should be created for each
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workplace or task. This should include a reviewof lens absorption and adsorption for the class of
chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in
their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin
eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the
first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers
have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSHCurrent Intelligence Bulletin 59].
HANDS/FEET
Wear chemical protective gloves, eg. PVC.
Wear safety footwear.
OTHER
Overalls.
Eyewashunit.
Operators should be trained in correct use.
RESPIRATOR
Selection of the Class and Type of respirator will depend upon the level of breathing zone contaminant and
the chemical nature of the contaminant. Protection Factors (defined as the ratio of contaminant outside and
inside the mask) may also be important.
Breathing Zone Level MaximumProtection Half- face Respirator Full- Face Respirator
ppm (volume) Factor
1000 10 B- AUS P -
1000 50 - B- AUS P
5000 50 Airline * -
5000 100 - B- 2 P
10000 100 - B- 3 P
100+ Airline**
* - Continuous Flow** - Continuous-flowor positive pressure demand.
The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective
equipment required. For further information consult site specific CHEMWATCHdata (if available), or your
Occupational Health and Safety Advisor.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Use in a well-ventilated area.
General exhaust is adequate under normal operating conditions. Local exhaust ventilation may be required in
specific circumstances. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to
obtain adequate protection. Provide adequate ventilation in warehouseor closed storage areas. Air
contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the
"capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating 0.25- 0.5 m/s (50- 100 f/min)
from tank (in still air).
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, 0.5- 1 m/s (100- 200 f/min.)
intermittent container filling, lowspeed
conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift,
plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low
velocity into zone of active generation)
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direct spray, spray painting in shallowbooths, 1- 2.5 m/s (200- 500 f/min.)
drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts,
gas discharge (active generation into zone of
rapid air motion)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high 2.5- 10 m/s (500- 2000 f/min.)
speed wheel generated dusts (released at high
initial velocity into zone of very high rapid
air motion).
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range
1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to 1: Disturbing room air currents
capture
2: Contaminants of lowtoxicity or of nuisance 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
value only.
3: Intermittent, lowproduction. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood- local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple
extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in
simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after
reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example,
should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters
distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the
extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or
more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Solid.
Does not mix with water.
Sinks in water.
State Divided solid Molecular Weight Not applicable.
Melting Range (C) 1382 Viscosity Not available
Boiling Range (C) 2250 Solubility in water (g/L) Immiscible
Flash Point (C) Not applicable pH (1% solution) Not applicable.
Decomposition Temp (C) Not available pH (as supplied) Not applicable
Autoignition Temp (C) Not applicable Vapour Pressure (kPa) Not applicable
Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not applicable Specific Gravity (water=1) 6.1
Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not applicable Relative Vapour Density Not applicable.
(air=1)
Volatile Component (%vol) Not applicable. Evaporation Rate Not applicable
APPEARANCE
Metallic silver, dense brittle lumps of iron and silicon alloy.
No odour when dry but garlic smell when wet. Insoluble in water / alcohol.
May contain phosphorus and arsenic impurities with the result the material
when wet with water may release highly toxic phosphine and arsine gases;
plus highly flammable and explosive hydrogen gas.
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Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Finer particle sizes react more rapidly with water with rapid generation
of toxic, flammable gases.
Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY AND REACTIVITY INFORMATION
CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY
Storage in unsealed containers.
Presence of incompatible materials.
Product is considered stable.
Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage.
Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS
SWALLOWED
Although ingestion is not thought to produce harmful effects (as classified under EC Directives), the
material may still be damaging to the health of the individual, following ingestion, especially where pre-
existing organ (e.g liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are
generally based on doses producing mortality rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health).
Gastrointestinal tract discomfort may produce nausea and vomiting. In an occupational setting however,
ingestion of insignificant quantities is not thought to be cause for concern.
Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments.
Ingestion may result in nausea, abdominal irritation, pain and vomiting.
EYE
Although the material is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact
with the eye may produce transient discomfort characterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with
windburn).
SKIN
Skin contact with the material may damage the health of the individual; systemic effects may result
following absorption.
The material is not thought to be a skin irritant (i.e. is unlikely to produce irritant dermatitis as
described in EC Directives using animal models). Temporary discomfort, however, may result from prolonged
dermal exposures. Good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves
be used in an occupational setting.
Toxic effects may result from skin absorption.
INHALED
The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified by EC Directives using animal
models). Nevertheless inhalation, of the material, especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory
discomfort and occasionally, distress.
Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic
bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled.
If prior damage to the circulatory or nervous systems has occurred or if kidney damage has been sustained,
proper screenings should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk if handling and use
of the material result
in excessive exposures.
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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS
Principal routes of exposure are usually by inhalation of generated dust and inhalation of vapour given off
by material that has become wet or damp.
Chronic Phosphine / arsine exposures with severe anaemia are documented.
Ferrosilicon dust can produce thickening of the alveolar walls with the
occasional disappearance of the alveolar structure. Chronic pulmonary
disease can result from excessive exposure to the dust or aerosols
encountered in ferrosilicon plants. [ILO Encyclopaedia]
Very highly toxic phosphine (with characteristic rotting fish smell) which
may be formed by wet ferrosilicon causes dizziness, tremors, gastro-
intestinal distress and cough with green sputum. Convulsions and death
may follow.
Very highly toxic arsine (with characteristic garlic-like odour) which may
be formed by wet ferrosilicon causes rapid intravascular haemolysis,
haemoglobinuria with accompanying dark urine, malaise, dizziness, headache,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and collapse.
Ferro Silicon
TOXICITY AND IRRITATION
Not available. Refer to individual constituents.
FERROSILICON:
unless otherwisespecified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >20000 mg/kg Nil Reported
Inhalation (rat) TCLo: 194 mg/m/6H/26W- I
data for decomposition products only
CARCINOGEN
Non- arsenical International Agency Group 2A
insecticides for Research on Cancer
(occupational exposures (IARC) - Agents
in spraying and Reviewed by the IARC
application of) Monographs
Arsenic and arsenic International Agency Group 1
compounds (NB: This for Research on Cancer
evaluation applies to (IARC) - Agents
the group of compounds Reviewed by the IARC
as a whole and not Monographs
necessarily to all
individual compounds
within the group)
Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Refer to data for ingredients, which follows:
ARSINE:
PHOSPHINE:
Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-termadverse effects in the aquatic environment.
PHOSPHINE:
ARSINE:
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FERROSILICON:
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Do NOT allowproduct to come in contact with surface waters or to intertidal areas belowthe mean high
water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment wash-waters.
Wastes resulting from use of the product must be disposed of on site or at approved waste sites.
ARSINE:
FERROSILICON:
Speciation of arsenic is an important consideration in the fate, movement, and action of this substance.
Chemical and biochemical transformations of arsenic include oxidation, reduction and methylation which
affects its volatilisation, adsorption, dissolution and biological disposition. The transport of arsenic in
the environment is largely controlled by absorption/desorptionprocesses in soils and sediments. Sediment
movement is responsible for transport of arsenic soil residues to their ultimate sinks in deep ocean
sediments. The clay fraction, plus ferrous and aluminium oxides which coat clay particles, adsorb arsenicals
which then undergo transformation as discussed earlier. Conversions of arsenic to volatile alkylarsines leads
to air transport losses from soil. Inorganic arsenic occurs in water in different oxidation states depending
on the pH and Eh of the water. Arsenate is apparently reduced by bacteria to arsenite in marine environments
because the ratio of total arsenate to total arsenic is much lower than that predicted thermodynamically.
Methylation of arsenic occurs in both freshwater and marine systems where arsenate occurs as arsenate,
arsenite, methanearsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. Arsenate predominates because this is the most stable
form.
Bioaccumulation occurs in some aquatic species such as seaweeds, freshwater algae and crustaceans. Some
arsenic in water flea (Daphnia Magna) and algae occurs as arseno-analogues of phospholipids leading to the
mistaken impression that accumulation and utilisation of arsenic takes place at the expense of phosphate.
Crabs, lobsters and other marine organisms accumulate organo-arsenicals in the food chain. Although human
activity may alter the local picture of environmental arsenic there is little evidence that this affects the
global scale arsenic cycle.
Airborne concentrations of arsenic in urban areas may range from a few nanograms to a few tenths of a
microgramper cubic meter; airborne arsenic is generally inorganic. In oxygenated soils inorganic arsenic is
present in pentavalent form; under reducing conditions it occurs as the trivalent form.
Drinking Water Standards:
arsenic: 50 ug/1 (UK max.) 0.01mg/L (WHO provisional guideline)
chloride:400 mg/l (UK max.)
250 mg/l (WHO guideline)
Soil Guideline:
Dutch Criteria: 29 mg/kg (target)
55 mg/kg (intervention)
Air Quality Standard:
No safe levels recommended due to carcinogenic properties (WHO guideline).
PHOSPHINE:
FERROSILICON:
The principal problems of phosphate contamination of the environment relates to eutrophication processes in
lakes and ponds. Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient and is usually the limiting nutrient for blue-
green algae. A lake undergoing eutrophication shows a rapid growth of algae in surface waters. Planktonic
algae cause turbidity and flotation films. Shore algae cause ugly muddying, films and damage to reeds. Decay
of these algae causes oxygen depletion in the deep water and shallowwater near the shore. The process is
self-perpetuating because anoxic conditions at the sediment/water interface causes the release of more
adsorbed phosphates from the sediment. The growth of algae produces undesirable effects on the treatment of
water for drinking purposes, on fisheries, and on the use of lakes for recreational purposes.
Phosphine will oxidise rapidly under influence of radiation and UV light. Phosphine is highly toxic to
aquatic life.
Phosphine is a gas with a lowwater solubility; it either oxidises or volatises rapidly from water. Because
of its lower water solubility, physical state (gas), and slowreactivity, phosphine persists in the
atmosphere for relatively long times. In most natural water, phosphine is very unstable and oxidises even
under anoxic conditions. Depending upon the redox potential of water, the oxidation products are diphosphine
(P2H4), phosphorus, hypophosphorus acid, phosphorus acid, and phosphoric acid. Diphosphane is a potential
alkylating agent, which finally forms H2PO4 (phosphoric acid), salts, and water. In the presence of oxygen,
these breakdownproducts are formed rapidly from phosphine . Only a small fraction of phosphine
continued...
FERRO SILICON
CD 2010/1 Page 13 of 16
oxidation with the formation of phosphates. Based on soil studies, small amounts of phosphine may also be
adsorbed (reversible sorption) or chemisorbed (irreversible sorption) to suspended solid and sediments in
water. However, based on the estimated Henry's lawconstant (H) of 0.09 atmm3/mol and the expected
volatility associated with various ranges of H, volatilisation is expected to be the most important loss
process for phosphine in water.
In sealed tubes, phosphine completely disappeared in less than 40 days from three different types of soil
with varying amounts of moisture. The disappearance was attributed to initial sorption, and the subsequent
biotic and abiotic oxidation of part of the sorbed compound. The rate of adsorption increased with decreasing
moisture content and increasing organic soil content . The study showed that phosphine sorption in soil can
occur by both physical and chemical sorption processes, and that the chemisorption process is higher in soils
with a loworganic matter and high mineral content Chemisorption irreversibly binds phosphine in soil so
that it is not available for volatilisation. However, since phosphine is gaseous and is only slightly soluble
in water, volatilisation from soil may be the most important process by which phosphine is lost from soil
when chemisorption is not occurring.
The important process for the loss of phosphine in the atmosphere is most likely its reaction with hydroxyl
radicals. Based on measured rates under simulated conditions, the estimated lifetime of phosphine in the
troposphere due to reaction with hydroxyl radicals is <1 day. The hydrogen abstraction reaction may produce
the free radical [PH2], which may react with ozone to produce H2PO. [ PH2] another free radical, which is
highly reactive, with or without ozone. Ultraviolet (U]V) light can also induce phosphine to form [PH2]. H2PO
may produce hypophosphorus acid (H2PO2) as a result of a reaction with nitrogen dioxide in air and
subsequent hydrolysis. The hypophosphorus acid is ultimately oxidized to phosphorus and phosphoric acid.
Oxidation to phosphate is likely in biological systems with no suggestion of bioaccumulation or
biomagnification.
Toxicity of phosphine to one or two day old pupae of Triboleumcastaneumwas increased by atmospheric CO2
concentration up to 40% in air. A maximum pupal mortality of 11% was observed for CO2 levels at 10-70%for 24
hours.
Frog LC50 (30 min) : 0.56 mg/l
Bacterial EC50: Baccillus subtilis 2.7 mg/l (growthinhibition).
FERROSILICON:
May cause long-termadverse effects in the aquatic environment.
PHOSPHINE:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
ARSINE:
Hazardous Air Pollutant: Yes
Toxicity Fish: LC50(96)31mg/L
Toxicity invertebrate: LC50(48)24.5mg/L
In water, arsine undergoes rapid hydrolysis to arsenic acid and hydrides.
Ecotoxicity
Ingredient Persistence: Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility
Water/Soil
phosphine LOW LOW HIGH
arsine LOW
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options.
Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal.
Bury residue in an authorised landfill.
Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.
According to the European Waste Catalogue, Waste Codes are not product specific but application specific.
continued...
FERRO SILICON
CD 2010/1 Page 14 of 16
Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste Codes should be assigned by the User based on the application in which the product is used.
Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION
Labels Required: DANGEROUSWHEN WET,TOXIC
HAZCHEM:
4Y
Land transport ADR/RID (cross-border):
ADR/RIDClass: 4.3 Hazard identification 462
(Kemler):
UN Number: 1408 Packing Group: III
Classification Code: WT2 Hazard Label: 4.3+6.1
Special provisions: 39
Shipping Name: FERROSILICONwith 30% or more but less than
90% silicon
Air Transport IATA:
ICAO/IATAClass: 4.3 (6.1) ICAO/IATASubrisk: None
UN/ID Number: 1408 Packing Group: III
Special provisions: A3
Shipping Name: FERROSILICON
Maritime Transport IMDG:
IMDGClass: 4.3 IMDGSubrisk: 6.1
UN Number: 1408 Packing Group: III
EMS Number: F- G, S- N Special provisions: 39 223 932
Limited Quantities: 1 kg
Shipping Name: FERROSILICONwith 30% or more but less than
90% silicon
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
RISK
R53 May cause long- term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment.
continued...
FERRO SILICON
CD 2010/1 Page 15 of 16
Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
SAFETY
Safety Codes Safety Phrases
S30 Never add water to this product.
S22 Do not breathe dust.
S25 Avoid contact with eyes.
S36 Wear suitable protective clothing.
S08 Keep container dry.
S51 Use only in well ventilated areas.
S09 Keep container in a well ventilated place.
S13 Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs.
S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse with plenty of water
and contact Doctor or Poisons Information Centre.
S46 If swallowed, IMMEDIATELYcontact Doctor or Poisons
Information Centre. (showthis container or label).
S60 This material and its container must be disposed of as
hazardous waste.
ANNEX 2: Indications of Danger
Xn Harmful
REGULATIONS
Regulations for ingredients
ferrosilicon (CAS: 8049-17-0) is found on the following regulatory lists;
"International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations"
phosphine (CAS: 7803-51-2) is found on the following regulatory lists;
"EU Consolidated List of Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Values (IOELVs)","European Customs Inventory of Chemical Substances (English)","European Union -
European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS) (English)","European Union (EU) Annex I to Directive 67/548/EEC on Classification and
Labelling of Dangerous Substances - updated by ATP: 31","European Union (EU) Commission Directive 2006/15/EC establishing a second list of indicative
occupational exposure limit values (IOELVs)","European Union (EU) Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances - Seveso Category","European
Union (EU) Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures - Annex VI","UK The Control of Major Accident
Hazards (Amendment) Regulations 2005 (COMAH)","UK Workplace Exposure Limits (WELs)"
arsine (CAS: 7784-42-1) is found on the following regulatory lists;
"European Customs Inventory of Chemical Substances (English)","European Union - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)
(English)","European Union (EU) Annex I to Directive 67/548/EEC on Classification and Labelling of Dangerous Substances - updated by ATP: 31","European Union
(EU) Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances - Seveso Category","European Union (EU) Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on Classification,
Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures - Annex VI","UK The Control of Major Accident Hazards (Amendment) Regulations 2005 (COMAH)","UK Workplace
Exposure Limits (WELs)"
No data for Ferro Silicon (CW: 7022-54)
This safety data sheet is in compliance with the following EU legislation and its adaptations as far as
applicable - : 67/548/EEC, 1999/45/EC, 76/769/EEC, 98/24/EC, 92/85/EEC, 94/33/EC, 91/689/EEC, 1999/13/EC, as
well as the following British legislation:
- The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 2002
- COSHH Essentials
- The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
LIMITED EVIDENCE
Inhalation skin contact and/or ingestion may produce health damage*.
Cumulative effects may result following exposure*.
May produce discomfort of the eyes*.
Vapours potentially cause drowsiness and dizziness*.
continued...
FERRO SILICON
CD 2010/1 Page 16 of 16
Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION
* (limited evidence).
RISK
Explanation of risk codes used on this MSDS
R10 Flammable.
R12 Extremely flammable.
R17 Spontaneously flammable in air.
R26 Very toxic by inhalation.
R34 Causes burns.
R48/20 Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged
exposure through inhalation.
R50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long- term
adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
R53 May cause long- term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment.
ANNEX 2: Indications of Danger
F+ Extremely flammable
N Dangerous for the environment
T+ Very toxic
Xn Harmful
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative
sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature
references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:
www.chemwatch.net/references.
The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors
determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined
by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering
controls must be considered.
For detailed advice on Personal Protective Equipment, refer to the following EU CEN Standards:
EN 16 Personal eye-protection
EN 340 Protective clothing
EN 374 Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms
EN 13832 Footwear protecting against chemicals
EN 133 Respiratory protective devices.
This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or
criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written
permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
Issue Date: 15-Mar-2006
Print Date: 22-Nov-2010

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FERRO SILICON

Chemwatch Safety Data Sheet (Conforms to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006)

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