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1.

0 INTRODUCTION


Demolition is the tearing-down of the building and other part of the structures.
Demolition is really opposite (diffferent) with deconstruction because demolition involves
of taking a building appart while carefully protect valuable elements for re-use. While
deconstruction is well-demollition techniques that start from the top and ends at the
bottom of a structures or building.
For the small bulding or houses, demolition is a simple process. The building will
pulled down in manually or in mechanical method using equipments such as elevated
wrk platforms, crane, excavators, and bulldozer, while for the larger building is
suggested to use wreckling ball. Wrecking ball is a heavy ball on the cable that is swing
by a crane into the side of the building.
The newest method for demolition is using ratitional hydraulics shears and
silance rock-breakers attach to excavator to break trough the building.


2.0 DEMOLITION IN GENERAL
- Demolition can be defined as part of the construction on site, it is involved about
upgrading the existing structure or building, renovation works and modification
and sometimes involves an alteration works where usually contributed proportion
in construction works. Demolition can be divided into two types, partially and
fully.

Partially - Demolish parts of structure
Fully - Demolish all structures

- Demolition from dictionary

Demolition is a highly skilled and dangerous activity in terms of damage
to life and property (Oxford dictionary).

Demolition is the act or process of wrecking or destroying, especially
destruction by explosives (the Free dictionary).

Demolition is "Dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking any building or
structure or any part thereof by pre-planned and controlled methods
3.0 METHOD OF DEMOLITION

There is three method for demolition :-
1) Manually ( by hand )

2) Mechanical equipments

3) Explosive
3.1 MANUALLY (USING HAND TOOLS)

- A tool such as the crane is used to lift and sent down parts have been dismantled
or demolished as a tier-by tier.
- Part of this was dismantled may be removed directly from the building if the area
is the demolition of buildings on the site.
- For limited areas, parts of buildings that have been dismantled shall be sent
down by using a crane or hoist (lift).
- As a security precaution, net suspended from the building to avoid pieces of
flying debris.
- This type of demolition, suitable for a building with no main frame is made of
concrete and reinforced concrete.

Figure 3.1 (1) shows manually method using electric hammer


Figure 3.1 (2) shows manually method - Piecemeal demolition


3.2 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS

- the common technique applied in the industry
- powerful and heavy machinery often required for large projects with massive
structural forms.
- Efficient, time saving and capable operating in extreme conditions

3.2.1 Pusher Arm
- This tool can demolish piecemeal
- The machine is fitted with a steel sleeve that will produce horizontal thrust
- It is operated by an operator who operate from behind the glass shield on the
machine shock resistant
- Before the demolition began this machine is placed on a sturdy base that can
bear its reverse thrust
- Machinery operating area must be not less than 6000mm
- Building height may be demolished by this machine arm height is 0.6m. if more,
the demolition is done manually

Figure 3.2.1 shows Pusher Arm

3.2.2 crane and ball

- This machine uses an iron ball suspended on a crane.
- These balls can be dropped vertically from the tip of the crane that dropped into
the building to be demolished
- Another way is by swinging the crane arm together last ball crashed together on
the building. For mobile cranes dropping balls only do vertical Discounter
- Demolition of approach can not be used in building more than 30m high because
difficult to control debris (garbage) demolition fly
- If the partial demolition is done, is done manually before demolition Discounter
for separate parts of the building to be demolished to be maintained


Figure 3.2.2 shows crane and ball

3.2.3 Wire Rope Pulling

- Cable must be attached or affixed firmly on both ends and attractiveness yangn
be increased slowly
- Lever or heavy vehicles used for towing and positioning must not budge from
their original position. If after several attractions, the structures are still not down
then other means must be used in demolition
- Structure can not be approached because there is a possibility that structure
down due to the supporters who have weak
- Cable used must be of a type that can be used for demolition work.

3.3 EXPLOSIVE

- Explosives placed inside the main structure on a weak spot and blasted
This will result in the structure down
- Demolition of this type must be under a duty or group of experts in the work of
explosion
- Mechanical demolition using explosives is very effective if other methods are not
suitable due to prolonged noise, expensive equipment and materials as well as
inappropriate use of heavy machinery in the area of demolition
- Materials commonly used are nitro glycerine and ammonium nitrate.


Figure 3.3 shows explosive method

4.0 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
Manually
- Long period
- Using of high energy

- Expensive
- Demolition delayed
Mechanical equipments
- time saving
- Efficient
- Quick completed demolition

- Expensive
- Sound polutiont
- Dangerous if
the crane operator is
not skilled or less efficient.
Explosive
- Less workers
- Small and lightweight equipment
used
- Expensive cost
- air polutiont



4.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

Type of demolition method depends upon various factors such as site
condition, type of structures, age of building, height of building and economy.
Anyway controlled demolition of building is necessary to ensure safety. Explosive
demolition is the preferred method for safely and efficiently demolishing the
larger structures.

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