Alves Et Al 2009 - Cyperaceae in Brazil PDF

1. Abildgaardia Vahl - Number of species: 3.
Notes:
Govaerts et al. (2007) cited Abildgaardia under
the genera Bulbostylis and Fimbristylis.
1.1. A. baeothryon St. Hil., Voy. Distr. Diam. 2:389.
1833. - Syn.: A. scirpoides Nees; Fimbristylis
bahiensis Steud. - Regions: NE, CO, SE. Vouchers:
M. Alves et al. 2079 (CEPEC, IAN, NY, SI, SP, UB,
UFP); A. Duarte 5872 (GUA, K, RB); R. Mello-
Silva & R. Forzza 2844 (RB, SPF). Notes: widely
distributed in open areas on sandy soil. Reference:
Kral & Strong (1999).
1.2. A. ovata (Burm. f.) Kral, Sida 4:71. 1971. - Syn.:
A. monostachya (L.) Vahl; Fimbristylis
monostachya (L.) Hassk. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE,
S. Vouchers: H. Irwin et al. 24350 (HUEFS, K, RB);
I. Miranda 468 (INPA, UFP); M. Moraes 118
(HUEFS, RB); R. Trevisan 602 (ICN). Notes:
common in open areas on sandy soil, forming
dense clusters. Barros (1960) cited this species
under the name Fimbristylis monostachya (L.)
Hassk. Reference: Kral & Strong (1999).
1.3. A. papilosa Kral & M. Strong, Sida 18(3):842-
844. 1999. - Region: NE. Voucher: R. Kral et al. 72808
(GH, K, MICH, MO, NY, SP, TEX, US). Notes: very
restricted distribution and known only from the
original description and probably endemic to the
Cadeia do Espinhao (state of Bahia).
2. Androtrichum (Brongn.) Brongn. - Number of
species: 1.
2.1. A. trigynum (Spreng.) H. Pfeiff., Feddes Repert.
42:10. 1937. - Syn.: A. giganteum Nees; A.
polycephalum Brongn.; Comostemum
montevidense Nees - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: H.
Longhi-Wagner & A. Arajo 2203 (ICN); M.
Wanderley 246 (SP). Notes: species from sand
dunes of the southern part of Brazil (north limit in
state of So Paulo) and with a high potential as an
ornamental plant. Govaerts et al. (2007) accepted
A. giganteum Nees as a valid species. Reference:
Muniz (2001).
APPENDIX LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF CYPERACEAE FROM BRAZIL, WITH SYNONYMS,
REGION OF OCCURRENCE, REFERENCE AND NOTES
Cyperaceae in Brazil 42 genera, 678 species.
3. Ascolepis Nees ex Steud., nom. cons. - Number
of species: 1.
3.1. A. brasiliensis (Kunth) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke
in Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5:651. 1895. -
Syn.: Platylepis brasiliensis Kunth; P.
leucocephala (Nees) Eiten; P. xanthocephala Nees
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et
al. 2229 (HTO, NY, UFP); H. Fonseca et al. 4281
(IBGE, RB); T. Koyama et al. 13821 (MBM, NY,
SPF); C. Proena & L. Milhomens 2719 (SPF, UB,
UFP); L. Smith & R. Reitz 11214 (HRB). Notes:
species common in sandy and wet environments.
These species has a high potential as ornamental
plant and occasionally used in Minas Gerais as part
of dried-plant crafts. Reference: Barros (1960).
4. Becquerelia Brongn. - Number of species: 5.
4.1. B. clarkei T. Koyama, Mem. New York Bot.
Gard. 17:30. 1967. - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: A.
Carvalho et al. 4240 (CEPEC, HUEFS, NY); G.
Martinelli et al. 11094 (RB). Notes: species with a
high potential as an ornamental plant but with a
very restricted distribution in Atlantic Rainforest
of southern Bahia. Koyama (1967) cited the species
for Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil), however,
the specimen has not yet been seen.
4.2. B. cymosa Brongn., Voy. Monde 11:161. 1833. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al.
1742 (NY, SI, SP, UFP); P. Carauta 2016 (GUA,
RB); D. Folli 3186 (CVRD, RB, UFP); M. Sobral
5560 (G, ICN); D. Zappi et al. 1175 (K). Notes:
large herbs forming dense populations and
commonly distributed in wet forests. Reference:
Muniz (2001).
4.3. B. discolor Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:362. 1837. -
Region: NE (?). Voucher: not seen. Notes: this name
needs to be confirmed but it is possible related with
Becquerelia clarkei T. Koyama. According to
Govaerts et al. (2007) is known from Northest Brazil.
Reference: Nees (1842).
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Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
4.4. B. merkeliana Nees in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):191.
1842. - Syn.: B. cymosa Brongn. subsp. merkeliana
(Nees) T. Koyama - Regions: N, NE. Vouchers: M.
Alves 1671 & A. Amorim (INPA, UFP); G.
Magalhes 19729 (K). Notes: distribution
restricted to some areas of wet forests. Reference:
Koyama (1967).
4.5. B. muricata Nees in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):192.
1842. - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: D. Folli 3257
(CVRD, RB, UFP); R. Reitz 4400 (HBR). Notes: large
herbs forming dense populations and commonly
distributed in wet forests. Reference: Muniz (2001).
5. Bisboeckelera Kuntze - Number of species: 3.
5.1. B. irrigua (Nees) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.
2:747.1891. - Syn.: Hoppia irrigua Nees - Region:
N. Voucher: C. Ferreira 923 (INPA, NY, RB). Notes:
endemic to the Amazon Forest and common along
small streams. Reference: Koyama (1967).
5.2. B. longifolia (Rudge) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.
2:747. 1891. - Region: N. Voucher: A. Lobo et al.
872 (RB). Notes: endemic to the northern part of
the Amazon Forest and common along small
streams. Reference: Koyama (1967).
5.3. B. microcephala (Boeck.) T. Koyama, Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 16:50. 1967. - Region: N (?).
Voucher: not seen. Notes: no specimens from Brazil
have been seen but the species probably occurs in
states of Amazonas, Roraima, Par or Amap, at
least along the northern border. Reference: Koyama
(1967).
6. Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla- Number of species: 1.
6.1. B. robustus (Pursh) Sojk, Cvas. Nr. Mus, Odd.
Prir 141:63. 1972. - Syn.: B. marititimus (L.) Palla
var. macrostachyus (Michx.) Palla; B. robustus
(Pursh) T. Koyama; Scirpus maritimus L. var.
macrostachyus (Michx.) Palla; S. robustus Pursh -
Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: E. Rocha 800 (JPB,
UESC); J. Pirani et al. 3044 (NY, SP, SPF). Notes:
large aquatic herbs from coastal regions, but with
few collections available in the local herbaria. This
species has been cited as Scirpus maritimus L.
(Barros (1960)). Later Strong (1993) cited this
species as Schoenoplectus robustus (Pursh) M.T.
Strong. Goetghebeur (1998) pointed that some
authors do not recognize the genus Bolboschoenus
and its species are sometimes included in
Schoenoplectus s.l. This species is known from
South Americal Austral and a few collections from
the state of Pernambuco (Northeastern Brazil).
Arajo et al. (2007) cited as B. maritimus (L.) Palla
var. macrostachyus (Willd.) Sojk. Guaglianone et
al. (2008) also cited B. maritimus (L.) Palla var.
paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama [= B. paludosus
(A. Nelson) Otteng-Yeb.] to southern Brazil as a
valid name. However, no voucher is presented under
this name to Brazil. Reference: Strong (1999).
7. Bulbostylis Kunth - Number of species: 50. Notes:
Prata (2004) cited 4 new species (not yet described)
of Bulbostylis. Govaerts et al. (2007) accepted the
following species which were not cited by Prata
(2004): B. ottonis (Boeck.) Beetle, B. pohliana
(Boeck.) Beetle, B. schraderiana (Steud.) Beetle,
B. scirpoides Kral & M.T. Strong, B. spectabilis
Kral & M.T. Strong, and B. trichoides (Schrad. ex
Schult.) Beetle.
7.1. B. amabayensis Barros, Darwiniana 6(1):122.
1942. - Syn.: B. spectabilis Kral & M. Strong -
Regions: N, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach et
al. 62803 (MBM); T. Koyama et al. 13848 (NY,
SP); T. Pedersen 15984 (MBM, NY); A. Prata et al.
993 (SP, UFP). Notes: small, cespitose herbs, found
on sandy soil from cerrado; Kral & Strong (1999)
cited this species as B. spectabilis Kral & M. Strong.
Reference: Lpez et al. (2007).
7.2. B. arenaria (Nees) Lindm., Bih. Svensk. Vet-
Akad. Handl. 26(9):19. 1900. - Syn.: Oncostylis
arenaria Nees - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: R.
Harley 17111 (IPA, K, UEC); M. Kuhlmann 1989
(K, RB). Notes: known from a few specimens
collected in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais.
Govaerts et al. (2007) cited this name under B.
juncoides (Vahl) Kk. ex Osten. Reference: Prata
(2004).
7.3. B. barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke., Flora of British
India 6(19):651. 1893. - Syn.: B. fimbriata (Nees)
C.B. Clarke, Oncostylis fimbriata Nees - Regions: N,
NE, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Carvalho et al. 3718 (CEPEC,
NY); G. Hatchbach et al. 64378 (MBM, NY); G.
Prance et al. 17927 (K, NY); R. Reitz & R. Klein
17857 (B, HBR). Notes: well known in North and
Central America. In Brazil known only from those
collections; not seen recently. B. fimbriata (Nees)
C.B. Clarke is an accepted name by Guaglianone et
al. (2008). Reference: Gmez-Laurito (2003).
Diversity of Cyperaceae in Brazil
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
3
7.4. B. brevifolia Palla, Akad. Wiss. Math-
Naturwiss. Kl. Denkschr. 79:178. 1908. - Syn.: B.
aphylla Barros - Regions: NE, SE (?), CO, S. Vouchers:
T. Pedersen 1267 (CTES); Rojas 13795 (CTES);
Salzmann 8425 (M). Notes: known only from a few
collections; not seen. recently and probably extinct
in Brazil. Reference: Lpez et al. (2007).
7.5. B. capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke in Hook f., Fl. Brit.
India 6:652. 1893. - Syn.: Oncostylis ciliata Nees;
O. dubia Nees - Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
A. Giulietti et al. 20162 (SP); M. Pietrobom-Silva
et al. 4594 (MBM, UFP); V. Pott & V. Pott 11029
(HMS). Notes: annual, cespitose herbs common on
sandy and rocky soils. Under this name there are
several varieties which B. capillaris var. elatior
(Griseb.) Osten is cited by Guaglianone et al. (2008)
to southern Brazil. References: Barros (1960).
7.6. B. carajana Kral & M. Strong, Sida 18(3):837.
1999. - Regions: N, SE. Voucher: J. Sperling et al.
5649 (INPA, NY). Notes: restricted to Brazil.
Reference: Prata (2004).
7.7. B. ciliatifolia (Elliott) Fernald, Rhodora 40:391.
1938. - Region: NE. Voucher: M. Arbo et al. 7391
(K). Reference: Arajo et al. 2007.
7.8. B. circinata (Kunth) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:28. 1908. - Syn.: Oncostylis circinata
(Kunth) Nees - Region: CO. Voucher: R. Silva 425
(IBGE). Notes: cespitose herbs of cerrado.
Reference: Govaerts et al. (2007).
7.9. B. conifera (Kunth) C.B. Clarke in Urb., Symb.
Antill. 2:86. 1900. - Syn.: Oncostylis conifera Nees
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al.
612 (HTO, UFP); A. Amorim et al. 3027 (CEPEC,
SP); R. Mendona et al. 1973 (IBGE, NY); W.
Thomas et al. 4841 (NY, SPF). Notes: common on
sandy and rocky soils. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.10. B. consanguinea (Kunth) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:110. 1908. - Syn.: Oncostylis kunthiana
Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G.Hatschbach
43515 (MBM); P. Heringer 14322 (IBGE, K, UB); T.
Pedersen 13834 (NY); J. Pirani 50789 (SPF); A. Rizzo
9566 (UFG). Notes: common to the grasslands of
cerrado. References: Barros (1960); Prata (2004).
7.11. B. conspicua (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff., Feddes
Repert. 27:90. 1929. - Syn.: B. laeta C.B. Clarke;
Fimbristylis conspicua Boeck. - Regions: CO, SE.
Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 28027 (HB, M, MBM,
SPF); J. Pirani et al. CFCR8524 (BHCB, SP, SPF).
Notes: common to the wet plains of cerrado.
7.12. B. distichoides Lye, Lidia 5:156. 2001. - Syn.:
Abildgaardia disticha Lye -Regions: NE, SE.
Vouchers: M. Leitman et al. 293 (RB); R. Harley et
al. 19356 (AAU, CEPEC, F, K, NLH, NY, SPF, U,
US). Notes: known a few collection from the type
locality in the state of Bahia and from the state of
Rio de Janeiro. Cited as a vulnerable species of
Cyperaceae from Brazil (Biodiversitas 2008).
References: Lye 1986; Prata (2004).
7.13. B. edwalliana (Boeck.) Prata & M.G. Lpez,
Kew Bull. 56(4):1007. 2001. - Syn.: B. francaensis
Palla; Scirpus edwaliianus Boeck. - Regions: CO,
SE. Vouchers: G. Neto et al. 2020 (IBGE); J. Pirani
et al. 1504 (GENT, K, SPF). Notes: rare in the plains
of cerrado. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.14. B. eleocharoides Kral & M. Strong, Sida
18(3):847. 1999. - Regions: CO, SE. Vouchers: M.
Silva 4528 (UEC); W. Thomas et al. 5910 (NY, SP,
SPF). Notes: common on wet and sandy plains of
cerrado. Reference: Kral & Strong (1999).
7.15. B. emmerichiae T. Koyama, Bradea 1(4):429.
1974. - Regions: NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: R. Mendona
625 (IBGE, SP); R. Harley et al. 26383 (CEPEC,
GENT, K, SP); Takajima et al. 1488 (K, SP). Notes:
growing on wet and sandy plains of cerrado and
on campo rupestre. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.16. B. fasciculata Uitt., Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl.
22:338. 1925. - Regions: NE, CO, SE. Voucher: A.
Prata et al. 831 (SP). Notes: few collections are
available. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.17. B. fendleri C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:27. 1908. - Regions: N, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: J. Costa
1236 (RB); T. Koyama 13844 (NY); W. Mantovani et
al. 1374 (CTES, SP). Notes: widespread but rare on
cerrado in Brazil and with few collections
available. Govaerts et al. (2007) cited this name
under B. juncoides (Vahl) Kk. ex Osten. Reference:
Prata (2004).
7.18. B. glaziovii (Boeck.) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:26. 1908. - Syn.: Scirpus glaziovii
Boeck. - Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: A.
Castellanos 24745 (HRB, K); R. Harley et al. 19653
(K); H. Longhi-Wagner et al 10374 (ICN, K, VIC).
Notes: known from highlands in open vegetation
such as cerrado, campo rupestre and pampas.
4 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
juncoides (Vahl) Kk. ex Osten. Reference: Prata
(2004).
7.19. B. graminifolia C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:27. 1908. - Region: CO. Voucher: R. Harley
11576 (K). Notes: known from few specimens from
the state of Mato Grosso. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.20. B. hirta (Thunb.) Svenson, Contr. Ocas. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 4:11. 1946. - Regions:
N, NE. Vouchers: J. Albuquerque s.n. (EAC, MO);
G. Davidse et al. 17813 (MO, NY). Notes: in Brazil
is known from a few specimens recently collected
in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Cear in
the semi-arid region. Govaerts et al. (2007) cited
this name under Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl. var.
squarrosa. Reference: Kral (1998).
7.21. B. hirtella (Schrad. ex Schul.) Urb., Symb.
Antill. 2:166. 1900. - Syn.: B. langsdorffiana (Kunth)
C.B. Clarke; Oncostylis hirtella (Schrad. ex Schult.)
Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: P.
Carauta 793 (GUA, K, NY); R. Harley et al. 24613
(K, MBM); G. Martinelli 5965 (RB); B. Rambo
45369 (B, ICN); Silva 2820 (IBGE, K, NY). Notes:
juncoides (Vahl) Kk. ex Osten. References: Barros
(1960); Prata (2004).
7.22. B. jacobinae (Steud.) Lindm., Bih. Kongl.
Svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 26(9):18. 1900. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: R. Harley et
al. 26552 (CEPEC, GENT, K); G. Hatschbach et al.
8493 (MBM); id. 66617 (MBM, NY); R. Dias-Melo
et al. 121 (NY, RB); M. Wanderley & R. Kral 1461 (RB,
SP). Notes: found on savanna vegetation in Brazil.
7.23. B. junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke, Trans.
Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4:512. 1895. - Syn.: Oncostylis
junciformis Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
M. Alves et al. 2092 (SP, UFP); G. Hatschbach 60023
(B, MBM); A. Rizzo 9443 (UFG); W. Rodrigues et
al. 10547 (INPA, RB); V. Souza et al. 9793 (MBM,
SPF). Reference: Barros (1960).
7.24. B. juncoides (Vahl) Kk. ex Osten, Anales
Mus. Nac. Montevideo 2(3):187. 1931. - Regions:
NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: R. Harley et al. 15492
(HUEFS, K); G. Hatschbach 55255 (MBM); H.
Irwin et al. 19710 (NY, SPF); V. Pott et al. 13970
(HMS). Notes: cited only to a few states but
probably also found in other states especially of
southern Brazil. Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited to
Brazil B. juncoides var. juncoides and B. juncoides
var. lorentzii (Boeck.) K. ex Osten. Govaerts et al.
(2007) cited several names which area accepted here
as synonyms as B. arenaria (Nees) Lindm., B.
glaziovii (Boeck.) C.B. Clarke, and B. hirtella
(Schrad. ex Schult.) Nees. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.25. B. lagoensis (Boeck.) Prata & M.G. Lpez,
Kew Bull. 56(4):1008. 2001. - Syn.: Scirpus lagoensis
Boeck. - Regions: NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: P. Heringer
et al. 3156 (IBGE, UB); R. Kral & M. Wanderley
1492 (SP); A. Prata & T. Konno 872 (SP). Notes:
found on the plains of cerrado and Campos
Rupestes. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.26. B. lanata (Kunth) Lindm., Bih. Kongl. Svenska
Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 26(9):18. 1900. - Regions: N,
NE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2036 (SP, UFP); T.
Sanaiotti 292 (INPA). References: Kral (1998).
7.27. B. latifolia Kral & M. Strong, Sida 18(3):837.
1999. - Region: CO. Voucher: R. Kral 75757 (SP).
Notes: known only from few collections from the
state of Gois and the Distrito Federal. Cited as a
vulnerable species of Cyperaceae from Brazil
(Biodiversitas 2008). Reference: Kral & Strong
(1999).
7.28. B. leuchostachya (Kunth) C.B. Clarke in Urb.,
Symb. Antill. 2:85. 1900. - Region: SE. Voucher: L.
Eiten et al. 5831 (MO, SP). Notes: in Brazil this
species is known from few specimens cited but not
confirmed yet. Reference: Kral (1998).
7.29. B. loefgrenii (Boeck.) Prata & M.G. Lpez,
Kew Bull. 56(4):1008. 2001. - Syn.: Scirpus loefgrenii
Boeck. - Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach
7237 (MBM, SI); J. Jung et al. 126 (CTES, SP); S.
Resende 7 (CGMS, SPF). Notes: known from few
specimens in the states of So Paulo, Mato Grosso
do Sul, and Paran in cerrado vegetation. Reference:
Prata (2004).
7.30. B. lombardii Kral & M. Strong, Sida 18(3):837.
1999. - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: C. Kozera 3271
(MBM, UEC); J. Pirani et al. 7930 (NY, SPF). Notes:
known from few specimens in the states of Minas
Gerais and Paran in campo rupestre and
cerrado. Reference: Kral & Strong (1999).
7.31. B. major Palla, Akad. Wiss. Math-Naturwiss.
Kl. Denkschr. 79:177. 1908. - Syn.: B. closii Barros,
B. scabra (J. Presl & C. Presl) C. B. Clarke f. evolutior
Lindm. - Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G.
Davidse et al. 11313 (SP); R. Harley 15492 (NY);
J. Valls 2118 (BLA). Notes: known from few
specimens. Reference: Lpez et al. (2007).
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
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7.32. B. nesiotis (Hemsl.) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Add. Ser. 8:27. 1908. - Region: SE. Voucher: R. Alves
4614 (R). Notes: known from few specimens,
endemic to the Ilha de Trindade, state of Esprito
Santo (as is Cyperus atlanticus Helms.). Cited as a
(Biodiversitas 2008). References: Alves & Martins
2004; Prata (2004).
7.33. B. pachypoda Kral & M. Strong, Sida 18(3):853.
1999. - Regions: CO, SE. Vouchers: R. Harley et al.
10512 (K, NY); R. Kral et al. 75381 (GH, MO, NY,
SP). Notes: known from few specimens from the
states of Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso in cerrado
vegetation. Reference: Kral & Strong (1999).
7.34. B. paradoxa (Spreng.) Lindm., Bih. Svensk.
Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 26(9):17. 1900. - Syn.:
Fimbristylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Alan; Oncostylis
paradoxa Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: T. Filgueiras 221 (UB); R. Harley et al.
26537 (GENT, K, MBM); C. Kozera 2209 (ICN,
MBM, UPCB); V. Souza et al. 20539 (HUEFS, MG,
SPF); E. Varanda CFCR 4701 (GENT, K, SP).
Notes: widely distributed on sandy and rocky soil
in cerrado and campo rupestre vegetation; high
potential as an ornamental species. Cited as
Fimbristylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Alan by Simpson
(1998) to the state of Mato Grosso. Reference: Kral
(1998).
7.35. B. paraensis C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:28. 1908. - Syn.: B. fluviatilis Kral & Davidse
- Regions: N, CO, SE. Vouchers: C. Ferreira et al.
6260 (INPA, SPF); G. Hashimoto 19974 (SP); V.
Pott et al. 6562 (CPAP). Notes: from wet soil.
References: Kral (1998).
7.36. B. pubescens (J. Presl & C. Presl) Svenson, N.
Amer. Fl. 18(9):542. 1957. - Region: CO. Voucher: G.
Hatschbach 23751 (MBM). Notes: known from few
specimens, and in Brazil restricted to the state of
Mato Grosso. The distribution of this species in
Brazil is not well documented. Reference: Simpson
(1998).
7.37. B. scabra (J. Presl & C. Presl) C. B. Clarke,
Bull. Herb. Boiss. 6(1):21. 1898. - Regions: N, NE,
CO, SE, S. - Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 23564
(MBM); A. Miranda et al. 1637 (PEUFR); V. Pott
2365 (CPAP); L. Smith & R. Reitz 6051 (HBR).
Notes: widely distributed in sandy and disturbed
areas; several specimens in the local herbaria area
misidentified. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.38. B. scirpoides Kral & M. Strong, Sida 18 (3):858.
1999. - Region: CO. Voucher: W. Rodrigues 12 (MG,
NY). Notes: known from few specimens. Reference:
Kral (1999).
7.39. B. schomburgkiana (Steud.) M. Strong,
Brittonia 45(2):162. 1993. - Syn.: Fimbristilys
schomburgkiana Steud. - Regions: N, S (?). Vouchers:
C. Kozera et al. 2694 (ICN, MBM, UPCB); A. Prata
et al. 488 (SP). Notes: known from few specimens,
which was collected in the state of Roraima. A
population have been found in the state of Paran
previously identified as B. schomburgkiana but it is
under revision and it is a possible misunderstanding.
Reference: Kral (1998).
7.40. B. sellowiana (Kunth) Palla, Akad. Wiss.
Math-Naturwiss. Kl. Denkschr. 79:179. 1908. - Syn.:
Isolepis sellowiana Kunth - Regions: NE, CO, SE,
S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1860 (NY, UFP); A.
Furlan et al. CFCR 4569 (GENT, K, NY, SP); G.
Hatschbach 14639 (K, MBM, NY, P); V. Souza et
al. 9779 (ESA, SPF). Notes: known from sandy and wet
soil in cerrado vegetation. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.41. B. smithii Barros, Darwiniana 11:761. 1959. -
Region: SE. Voucher: L. Smith et al. 6889 (CTES,
NY, R, SI). Notes: known from few specimens
collected in the state of Minas Gerais in campo
rupestre from the southern part of the Cadeia do
Espinhao. Cited as a vulnerable species of
7.42. B. sphaerocephala (Boeck.) C.B. Clarke, Bull.
Herb. Boiss. 2(3):1018. 1903. - Regions: NE, CO, SE,
S. Vouchers: A. Carvalho et al. 3718 (CEPEC, K);
G. Hatschbach et al. 13278 (MBM, U); A. Prata et
al. 744 (MBM, SPF); J. Tannus 643 (HRCB, ICN).
Notes: occurs in grasslands with few specimens
collected. Reference: Prata (2004).
7.43. B. sphaerolepis (Boeck.) C.B. Clarke, Bull.
Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 3:1018. 1869. - Syn.: B. sphaerolepis
(Boeck.) Beetle - Region: CO. Voucher: H. Irwin et
al. 25264 (MO, SPF). Notes: known from a single
specimen. Reference: Forster (1958).
7.44. B. splendens M. Strong, Brittonia 48(1):96.
1996. - Region: N. Voucher: G. Prance et al. (INPA,
K, MO, NY, R, U, US). Notes: known from few
specimens, endemic to the western Brazilian Amazon
Forest. Reference: Strong (1996).
7.45. B. stenocarpa Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56:15.
1921. - Regions: N (?), CO. Voucher: H. Irwin et al.
6 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
13845 (MO, SPF). Notes: known from few
specimens. Kkenthal (1921) cited two varieties
under this taxon: B. stenocarpa Kk. var. papilosa
Kk. and B. stenocarpa Kk.var. stenocarpa.
References: Kkenthal 1921; Prata (2004).
7.46. B. subtilis M. G. Lpez, Novon 17: 500. 2007.
- Regions: SE, S(?). Voucher: T. Pedersen 8953
(CTES), G. Silveira & H. Longhi-Wagner 354 (ICN).
Notes: known from just a few specimen from
Southeast Brazil. Reference: Silveira & Longhi-
Wagner (2008).
7.47. B. svensoniana Steyerm. Fieldiana Bot.
28(1):37. 1951. - Regions: CO, SE. Vouchers: R.
Goodland 3375 (MO); V. Pott et al. 11030 (HMS).
7.48. B. tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr., Field. Mus.
Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11:5. 1931. - Syn.: Oncostylis
tenuifolia Nees - Regions: N, CO, SE. Vouchers: W.
Baldwin Jr. 3492 (P); G. Hatschbach et al. 64823
(MBM); V. Pott et al. 13969 (HMS). Notes: known
from few specimens in the local herbaria. Reference:
Kral (1998).
7.49. B. truncata (Nees) M. Strong, Brittonia 45:165.
1993. - Syn.: Oncostylis truncata Nees - Regions:
N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: T. Filgueiras 3440 (NY,
UB); C. Kozera et al. 2454 (ICN, MBM), K. Mimura
111 (K, SP). Reference: Kral (1998).
7.50. B. vestita (Kunth) C.B. Clarke in Urb., Symb.
Antill. 2:87. 1900. - Regions: N, NE, CO, S. Vouchers: A.
Amorim et al. 745 (CEPEC, NY); C. Kozera 3263 (ICN,
MBM); A. Mendes 217 & L. Pessoni (HRR, UFP); V.
Pott et al. 7474 (HMS). Notes: known from sandy areas,
generally along the coast. Reference: Kral (1998).
8. Calyptrocarya Nees - Number of species: 6.
8.1. C. bicolor (H. Pfeiff.) T. Koyama, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 17:43-44. 1967. - Syn.: Becquerelia
bicolor H. Pfeiff. - Regions: N, CO. Vouchers: G.
Martinelli et al.6831 (INPA, MG, NY, RB); C. Sasaki
et al. 1640 (K). Notes: endemic to the northern part
of the Amazon Forest and common along small
streams. Reference: Simpson (2006).
8.2. C. glomerulata (Brongn.) Urb., Symb. Antill.
2:169. 1900. - Syn.: C. angustifolia Lindl. & Nees;
C. fragifera Nees; C. longifolia Kunth - Regions:
N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2009
(HRB, SP, UFP); T. Cavalcanti et al. 1212 (CEN,
RB); H. Irwin et al. 24049 (NY, RB); C. Muniz 352
(SP, UEC); R. Reitz & R. Klein 613 (HBR). Notes:
cespitose herbs and commonly distributed in wet
forests. Prata (2002) cited C. fragifera Nees to state
of Roraima. Arajo et al. (2007) cited this species
from a collection (Riedel s.n., 1821) from a dubious
locality (states of Bahia or Minas Gerais). However,
Koyama (1967) included this name under C.
glomerulata (Brongn.) Urb. which is taxonomic
complex and widely distributed in the neotropics.
Reference: Simpson (2006).
8.3. C. irwiana T. Koyama, Jap. Journ. Bot.
20(2):123-125. 1969. - Region: CO. Voucher: H. Irwin
et al. 8862 (NY). Notes: known only from the type
collected in the southwestern part of the Amazon
Forest. Reference: Koyama 1969.
8.4. C. luzuliformis T. Koyama, Mem. New York.
Bot. Gard. 17(1):44-45. 1967. - Regions: N, NE.
Vouchers: M. Luceo et al. EBNN 702 (TEPB, UFP);
J. Ratter et al. 1426 (RB). Notes: endemic to the
Amazon Forest, and in the northeastern Brazil is
known from the state of Maranho. References:
Koyama (1967), 1969.
8.5. C. monocephala Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl.
glumac. 2:181. 1855. - Region: N. Voucher: F. Carvalho
897 (INPA, UFP). Notes: endemic to the Amazon
Forest and in Brazil known from the state of Roraima.
This is the first record of this species to Brazil.
References: Koyama (1967), 1969.
8.6. C. poeppigiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:364. 1837. -
Syn.: Becquerelia martii (Nees) H. Pfeif..; Calyptrocarya
martii Nees - Region: N. Voucher: M. Alves et al. 2339
(INPA, UFP). Notes: endemic to the northern part
of the Amazon Forest. Reference: Simpson (2006).
9. Carex L. - Number of species: 30.
9.1. C. albolutescens Schwein., Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist.
New York 1(1):66. 1824. - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers:
I. Cordeiro CFCR5658 (NY, SPF); G. Hatschbach
2549 (MBM). Notes: Barros (1960) cited C.
albolutescens var. meridionalis to South Brazil,
now accepted as C. longii Mackenz. var. meridionalis
(Kk.) G.A. Wheeler. The occurrence of the typical
variety of C. albolutescens in Brazil is unclear.
Reference: Barros (1960).
9.2. C. bonariensis Desf. ex Poir., Enc. Meth. Bot.,
Sup. 3:250. 1830. - Region: S. Voucher: R. Trevisan
et al. 676 (ICN). Notes: Barros (1960) indicated two
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
7
varieties under this name: C. bonariensis Desf. ex
Poir. var. trachycystis (Griseb.) Kk., and C.
bonariensis Desf. ex Poir. var. achalensis Kurtz.
The morphology of those taxa is variable, which
sometimes is difficult to identify the varieties. The
species is restricted in Brazil to the mountains in
the three states of South Brazil, Paran, Santa
Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in the southern limit
on the pampa grassland. Reference: Barros (1960).
9.3. C. bonplandii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:380. 1837. -
Region: N. Voucher: E. Ule 8536 (MG). Notes: one
specimen known from an uncertain location.
Reference: Chater (1994).
9.4. C. brasiliensis A. St.-Hil., Voy. Distr. Diam. 1:369.
1833. - Syn.: C. procera Kunth - Regions: SE, S.
Vouchers: S. Hefler et al. 157 (ICN); E. Pereira 145/
53 (RFA, UFP). Notes: species distributed in the
southern states of Brazil and in So Paulo occurring
on highland areas. This species is better known
from the states of Paran and Santa Catarina.
Reference: Marticorena & Quezada (1985).
9.5. C. caespitosa L., Sp. Pl.:978. 1753. - Region: SE.
Voucher: not seen. Notes: this is a widely spread
taxon, and Nees (1842) cited it to the sand areas
where the city of Rio de Janeiro is located. However,
no specimens were collected since C. Martius. The
occurrence in Brazil has to be confirmed. Govaerts
et al. (2007) cited as C. cespitosa L. Reference:
Kkenthal (1909).
9.6. C. distenta Kuntze ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:449.
1837. - Syn.: C. fuscula dUrv. var. distenta Kk. -
Region: S. Voucher: R. Reitz 2395 (HBR). Notes:
known from a single specimen. Govaerts et al. (2007)
cited under C. fuscula dUrv. var. distenta (Kuntze
ex Kunth) Kk. Reference: Barros (1960).
9.7. C. feddeana H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 21:30. 1921. - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: P. Dusn
16130 (NY, SP); B. Jnsson 1134 (NY). Notes:
known only from few specimens and probably with
a distribution restricted to high altitudes. However,
it is common in high altitudes grasslands and the
southtern limit is probably in the State of Santa
Catarina. Reference: Wheeler (1996).
9.8. C. fossa G.A. Wheeler, Darwiniana 40(1-4): 205-
208. 2002. - Region: S. Voucher: Malme 678 (not seen).
Notes: kwnon from a citation by Wheeler (2002).
9.9. C. frankii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:498. 1837. - Syn.:
C. stenolepis Torr. ex Dewey - Region: S. Voucher:
B. Rambo 53082 (ICN). Reference: Barros (1960).
9.10. C. fuscula dUrv., Fl. Iles Malouin.:28. 1825. -
Syn.: C. catharinensis Boeck., C. fuscula dUrv.
var. hieronymi (Boeck.) Kk. - Region: S. Voucher:
A. Arajo 556 (ICN). Notes: Barros (1960) also
indicated the variety C. fuscula dUrv. var. distenta
(Kuntze) Kk. under this name, and Luceo (1999)
indicated C. fuscula dUrv. var. catharinensis
Luceo & M. Alves. The species is restricted in
Brazil to the mountains of western Santa Catarina
State and in the Itaimbezinho National Park, Rio
Grande do Sul. Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited C.
catharinensis Boeck. as a valid species.
9.11. C. hilairei Boott, Illustr. 4:446. 1867. - Region:
SE. Voucher: G. Shepherd s.n. (UEC, TEPB). Notes:
probably a synonym of C. sellowiana Schlechtd.;
Kkenthal (1909) cited C. hilairei var. glazioviana
(Boeck.) Kk. for Brazil.
9.12. C. hilaireioides C.B. Clarke., Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:71. 1908. - Region: SE. Voucher: A. Glaziou
20032 (K). Notes: very restricted distribution,
known from the historical collections made in the
Serra do Caraa and surrounding regions in the
state of Minas Gerais. Reference: Barros (1960).
9.13. C. humboldtiana Steud., Syn. Pl. glumac. 2:208.
1855. - Region: SE. Voucher: H. Irwin et al. 24599 (NY).
Notes: known in Brazil from a single specimen on
the state of Minas Gerais. Reference: Chater (1994).
9.14. C. longii Mackenz., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
49(12):373. 1922. - Syn.: C. albolutescens Schwein
var. meridionalis Kk., C. meridionalis (Kk.)
Herter - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: R. Mello-Silva et
al. 68 (SPF, UFP); R. Reitz 2891 (HBR). Notes: the
occurrence of the species in the Itatiaia Massif is
not confirmed. It is known from highlands, mainly
in South Brazil, and also along the coast. The
northern limit of the distribution of this species in
Southest region. Wheeler (1987) suggests C. longii
Mackenz. var. meridionalis (Kk.) Wheeler to Brazil.
Reference: Reznicek (1993).
9.15. C. neblinensis Reznicek, Novon 6(4):421. 1996.
- Region: N. Voucher: J. Steyermark 103755 (NY).
Notes: known only from the type location at Neblina
Massif of the Roraima Range Mountains, border
between Brazil and Venezuela. References: Reznicek
(1996), (1998).
9.16. C. phalaroides Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:482. 1837. -
Syn.: Uncinia phalaroides Nees - Region: S.
8 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
Voucher: G. Hatschbach 15217 (MBM, NY). Notes:
Barros (1960) indicated the varieties C. phalaroides
var. macela (Kunth) Kk., C. phalaroides var.
moesta (Kunth) Kk., C. phalaroides var. humilis
Boeck., and C. phalaroides var. paraguayensis
(Maury) Kk. for Brazil; Luceo (1999) elevated
some of these varieties to subspecies. Guaglianone
et al. (2008) cited to Brazil: C. phalaroides var.
humilis Boeck., C. phalaroides var. macella
(Kunth) Kk., C. phalaroides subsp. crassiflora
(Kk.) Luceo & M. Alves, C. phalaroides subsp.
moesta (Kunth) Luceo & M. Alves, C. phalaroides
Kunth subsp. paraguayensis (Maury) Luceo &
M. Alves, and C. phalaroides subsp. phalaroides.
Reference: Silveira & Longhi-Wagner (2008).
9.17. C. polysticha Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1869:157. 1869. - Syn.:
C. pseudocyperus L. var. polysticha (Boeck.) Kk.
- Region: S. Voucher: R. Trevisan 537 (ICN). Notes :
see comments under C. pseudocyperus L.
Reference: Reznicek (1998).
9.18. C. porrecta Reznicek & Camelbecke, Novon
6(4):423. 1996. - Region: N (?). Voucher: not seen.
Notes: probably occurs in Brazil, but known from
only one collection from the vicinity of the border
with Venezuela on the Roraima Range. Reference:
Reznicek & Camelbecke (1996).
9.19. C. pseudocyperus L., Sp. Pl. 2:978. 1753. -
Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: C. Kozera 228 (NY,
UPCB); R. Mello-Silva et al. 68 (SPF, UFP); R.
Mendona et al. 558 (IBGE, SP, UEC). Notes: Barros
(1960) cited C. pseudocyperus L. var. polysticha
(Boeck.) Kk. in southern Brazil and included C.
pseudocyperus L. subsp. platygluma C.B. Clarke
as a synonym. Distributed from southern Brazil to
the high mountains of the states of Rio de Janeiro
and Minas Gerais, restricted areas of cerrado,
always as a cespitose herb on sandy and wet soil.
Species with high potential as an ornamental plant.
As C. polysticha has been accepted as a valid
species, then C. pseudocyperus, in South Brazil, is
restricted to the state of Paran.
9.20. C. purpureovaginata Boeck., Vidensk.
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn
1879:30. 1879-80. - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: A.
Brade et al. 20357 (RB); H. Longhi-Wagner 8772
(ICN). Reference: Barros (1960).
9.21. C. riparia Curtis, Fl. Londin. 2(47):281. 1783.
- Regions: SE (?), S. Voucher: not seen. Notes: cited
to southern Brazil but not confirmed yet. However,
this species grows along the Brazilian border with
Argentina and Uruguay. Reference: Kkenthal 1909.
9.22. C. roraimensis Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot.
28(1):67. 1951. - Region: N (?). Voucher: not seen.
Notes: probably occurs in Brazil, known from the
vicinity of the border with Venezuela on the Roraima
Range. Reference: Reznicek (1998).
9.23. C. sellowiana Schltdl., Linnaea 10:117. 1835.
- Syn.: Uncinia phyllostachya Nees, U. sellowiana
Nees - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: R. Forzza et al.
3230 (RB); M. Sobral et al. 5151 (ICN, NY). Notes:
cespitose herbs, occurring in forest on sandy and
wet soil; Kkenthal (1909) cited C. sellowiana
Schltdl. var. prorepens Kk. for the State of Santa
Catarina, however it is not confirmed. Reference:
Silveira & Longhi-Wagner (2008).
9.24. C. seticulmis Boeck., Kjoebenhavn Viden
Meddel.:156. 1869. - Syn.: C. uleana Boeck. -
Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: A. Brade 18145 (K, RB);
G. Hatschbach 2522 (MBM). Notes: cespitose herb
common in mountain regions on sandy and wet
soil, found also in dried grasslands vegetation and
in disturbed area. Reference: Barros (1960).
9.25. C. sororia Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:379. 1837. -
Region: S. Voucher: S. Hefler et al. 189 (ICN). Notes:
Kkenthal (1909) cited C. sororia Kunth var.
involucrata (Boott) Kk., and Luceo (1999) cited
C. sororia Kunth subsp. uruguensis (Boeck.)
Luceo & M. Alves (= C. uruguensis Boeck.) to
southern Brazil. This species is common in wetland
areas locally called banhados and on highlands
humid areas and forests borders, in the States of
Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Reference:
Silveira & Longhi-Wagner (2008).
9.26. C. trachycystis Griseb., Symb. Fl. Argent.: 314.
1879. - Region: S. Voucher: L. Smith 7834 (HBR).
Reference: Mereles & Cespedes (2006).
9.27. C. tweediana Nees ex Hook., J. Bot. 2:398.
1840. - Region: S. Voucher: J. Lindman & B. Irgang
8696 (ICN). Notes: restricted and rare to southern
Brazil. Reference: Kkenthal (1909).
9.28. C. uruguensis Boeck. - Syn.: C. uruguensis
C.B. Clarke, hom. illeg. - Region: S. Voucher: L.
Eggers 59 (ICN). Notes: reported to Uruguai,
Argentina and South Brazil by Barros (1960), but a
single collection is known from the state of Rio
Grande do Sul. Reference: Barros (1960).
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
9
9.29. C. vesca C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:71. 1908. - Regions: SE (?), S. Voucher: E. Ule 4620
(MO). Notes: the cited specimen is based on the
references. Reference: Barros (1960).
9.30. C. vixdentata (Kk. ex Osten) G.A. Wheeler,
Aliso 12(1):98. 1988. - Syn.: C. extensa Gooden. var.
vixdentata Kk. ex Osten - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers:
A. Carvalhal s.n. (PACA, PEL); J. Lindman 4145
(NY). Notes: species known from a few specimens
from the extreme south of Brazil and the Itatiaia
Mountains. Reference: Mereles & Cspedes (2006).
10. Cephalocarpus Nees - Number of species: 4.
10.1. C. confertus Gilly, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
69(4):293. 1942. - Region: N.
Voucher: G. Tate 285 (NY). Notes: known from the
Roraima Range, along the northern border of Brazil.
Reference: Koyama (2003).
10.2. C. dracaenula Nees in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2(1):162.
1842. - Syn.: Cryptangium dracaenula (Nees)
Boeck.; Lagenocarpus dracaenula (Nees) H. Pfeiff.
- Region: N. Voucher: N. Rosa & s. Lira 2375 (INPA,
NY, MG). Notes: known from a few collections along
the northern border; endemic to the Amazon Forest.
10.3. C. obovoideus T. Koyama, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 18(2):22. 1968. - Region: N. Voucher: B.
Maguire et al. 60496 (M, NY, US). Notes: known
only from the type collections; endemic to the
Amazon Forest. Reference: Koyama (2003).
10.4. C. rigidus Gilly, Brittonia 3(2):152. 1942. -
Region: N. Voucher: I. Amaral et al. 1534 (INPA,
NY). Notes: known in Brazil from a few collections
along the northern border; endemic to the Amazon
Forest. Reference: Koyama (2003).
11. Cladium P. Browne - Number of species: 2.
11.1. C. costatum Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot. 28:50.
1951. - Region: N. Voucher: J. Steyermark 60829
(NY). Notes: large herbs, occurring in wet areas in
the extreme northern Brazil along the border with
Venezuela. Reference: Koyama (1972b).
11.2. C. jamaicense Cranz, Inst. Rei Herb. 1:362.
1766. - Syn.: C. mariscus (L.) Pohl subsp. jamaicense
(Cranz) Kk.; C. occidentale Roem. & Schult. -
Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 20639
(MBM, MO); M. Luceo 33 (UFP); J. Pirani 2031
(SP, SPF). Notes: large herbs, occurring along the
coast in marshes forming dense population.
Govaerts et al. (2007) accepted C. mariscus (L.)
Pohl subsp. jamaicense (Cranz) Kk. Reference:
Muniz (2001).
12. Cryptangium Schrad. ex Nees - Number of
species: 8. Notes: Goetghebeur (1998) and Govaerts
et al. (2007) accepted Cryptangium under
Lagenocarpus Nees.
12.1 C. clausenii C.B.Clarke - Regions: NE, SE.
Vouchers: T. Cavalcanti et al. CFCR 10277 (NY,
SPF); A. Furlan et al. 2124 (K, NY, SPF). Notes:
very rare; collected in Mucug, state of Bahia and
in Rio Vermelho, state of Minas Gerais. Cited as a
(Biodiversitas 2008). References: Koyama (2004);
Vitta (2005).
12.2. C. comatum Boeck., Flora 65:351. 1882. - Syn.:
Cephalocarpus comatus (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff.;
Lagenocarpus comatus (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff. - Region:
SE. Voucher: F. Vitta 640 (UEC). Notes: very rare;
collected in the Diamantina plateau and disjunctly
in Serra do Brigadeiro State Park, both in Minas
Gerais state. Cited as a vulnerable species of
References: Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
12.3. C. humile (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 38:413. 1874.
- Syn.: Acrocarpus humilis Nees; Lagenocarpus
humilis (Nees) Kuntze - Region: SE. Voucher: A.
Furlan et al CFSC 8361 (K, NY, SPF). Notes:
endemic from the north region of Serra do Cip,
Minas Gerais. Cited as an endangered species of
12.4. C. junciforme (Kunth) Boeck. Linnaea 38:415.
1874. - Syn.: C. nudipes C. B. Clarke; C. strictum
C.B. Clarke; Lagenocarpus junciformis (Kunth)
Kuntze - Region: SE, S. Voucher: J. Pirani et al.
CFCR 5663 (SPF, UEC), F. Sellow s.n. (B).
Notes: collected only in Minas Gerais state on sandy
soils or rock outcrops. References: Koyama (2004);
Vitta (2005).
12.5. C. minarum (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 38: 417.
1874. - Syn.: Acrocarpus minarum Nees; Lagenocarpus
minarum (Nees) Kuntze - Regions: SE CO. Vouchers:
W. Anderson et al. 7430 (F, NY); F. Vitta CFSC
10 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
12991 (SPF, UEC). Notes: plant with a peculiar habit
and used for ornamental purposes. References:
Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
12.6. C. polyphyllum (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 38:414.
1874. - Syn.: Acrocarpus polyphyllus Nees;
Cephalocarpus polyphyllus (Ness.) H. Pfeiff. var.
typicus H. Pfeiff.; Lagenocarpus polyphyllus
(Nees) Kuntze; L. polyphyllus (Nees) Kuntze var.
typicus H. Pfeiff. - Region: SE. Voucher: P. Carauta
1815 (GUA, NY, RB). Note: collected in the states
of Rio de Janeiro and Bahia on fragments of the
Atlantic in the semi-arid region. References:
Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
12.7. C. stellatum Boeck., Linnaea 38:421. 1874. -
Syn.: Didymiandrum stellatum (Boeck.) Gilly;
Lagenocarpus stellatus (Boeck.) Kuntze - Region: N.
Voucher: E. Ule 8544 (MG). Notes: large herbs;
endemic to the Guayana highlands, in Brazil
occurring in the Roraima state and Venezuela border.
12.8. C. triquetrum Boeck., Linnaea 38:413. 1874. -
Syn.: Cephalocarpus shenkianus (Boeck.) H.
Pfeiff.; Cryptangium schenckianum Boeck.;
Lagenocarpus pauciflorus (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff. var.
triquetris (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff.; L. shenckianus
(Boeck.) H. Pfeiff.; L. triquetrus (Boeck.) Kuntze -
Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 6523 (HB,
MBM); F. Vitta 259 (UEC). Notes: collected in the
Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, from Santa
Catarina to Rio de Janeiro states. References:
Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
13. Cyperus L. - Number of species: 101. Notes: the
local herbaria have several specimens with no
identification to the species level. Many published
names need a review to confirm their identity.
13.1. C. aggregatus (Willd.) Endl., Cat. Horti
Vindob. 1:93. 1842. - Syn.: C. cayennensis (Lam.)
Britt.; C. flavus (Vahl) Nees; C. tenuis Sw.; Kyllinga
cayennensis Lam.; Mariscus aggregatus Willd.; M.
flavus Vahl; M. latifolius Schrad. ex Nees; M.
patulus Schrad. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1804 (CEPEC, SP, UFP);
G. Eiten & L. Eiten 10400 (MO, UB); S. Hefler &
H. Longhi-Wagner 380 (ICN); S. Martins 654 (VIC,
UFP); I. Miranda 791 (INPA, UFP). Notes:
frequently reported as a weed. The species is very
common in disturbed areas. Kkenthal (1956) cited
for Brazil C. flavus (Vahl) Nees var. aggregatus
(Wild.) Kk.; C. flavus (Vahl) Nees var. argentinus
(Boeck.) Kk.; C. flavus (Vahl) Nees var.
peduncularis (Britt.) Kk.; C. flavus (Vahl) Nees
var. redolens (Maury) Osten. Barros (1960) cited
the following varieties: C. cayennensis var. gigas
(Lindm.) Barros and C. cayennensis var. umbellate-
flavus (Lindm.) Barros. Hefler (2007) has not
accepted any variety under this species.
References: Muniz (2001).
13.2 C. almensis D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull. 48(4):699.
1993. - Region: NE. Voucher: R. Harley et al. 24501
(CEPEC, K, SPF). Notes: cespitose herbs, known
from Cadeia do Espinhao, in the state of Bahia.
13.3 C. alternifolius L., Mant. Pl. 1:28. 1787, non C.
alternifolius R. Br.. - Regions: NE, S. Vouchers: R.
Harley et al. 22939 (K); M. Sobral s.n. (ICN 66668).
Notes: cespitose herbs, originated from Madagascar.
This species was introduced in Brazil as ornamental
plant. This species can be found as subspontaneous
in wet and flooded areas. This name is possibly
related with C. imbricatus Retz. Reference: Luceo
& Alves 1997.
13.4 C. alvesii G.C. Tucker, Harvard Papers in Botany
13(2):237-239. 2008. - Region: NE. Voucher: M. Agra
et al. 3921 (JPB, MO). Notes: endemic to caatinga
areas in Northeastern Brazil.
13.5. C. amabilis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:318. 1805. - Syn.:
C. aurantiacus Kunth; C. oligostachyus Kunth -
Regions: N, NE, CO. Vouchers: A. Amaral et al.
1387 (RB); M. Luceo 354b (UFP); R. Mendona
et al. 5370 (IBGE, SP). Notes: cespitose herbs,
misidentified as C. uncinulatus Schrad ex Nees in
several collections. Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
amabilis Vahl var. oligostachyus (Kunth) Kk. for
Brazil. Reference: Tucker (1994).
13.6. C. anderssonii Boeck., Linnaea 36:388. 1870.
- Syn.: C. mutisii (Kunth) Griseb. - Region: SE.
Voucher: not seen. Notes: Kkenthal (1956) cited
for Brazil a single specimen collected by Pohl in the
state of Rio de Janeiro.
13.7. C. andreanus Maury, J. Bot. (Morot) 2:393.
1888. - Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: P. Carauta et
al. 4807 (GUA, MO); L. Costa et al. PCD1767
(ALCB, K, UFP); R. Smith & R. Klein 12562 (HBR,
MO, NY). Notes: cespitose herbs. Barros (1960)
cited the following varieties under this taxon: C.
andreanus Maury var. capitinduensis (Maury)
Kk., C. andreanus Maury var. foliossimus (Boeck.)
Kk., and C. andreanus Maury var. yguazensis Kk.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
11
Arajo & Longhi-Wagner (1996) have not accepted
any variety under this species. Govaerts et al. (2007)
accepted this name under C. tabina Steud. ex
Boeck.
13. 8. C. articulatus L., Sp. Pl.:144. 1753. - Regions:
N, NE, SE, S (?). Vouchers: M. Bona-Nascimento 9
(TEPB, K, UFP); M. Martins 672 (VIC, UFP). Notes:
aquatic herbs, without leaves; the rhizomes are used
in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Reference: Martins et al. (1999).
13.9. C. atlanticus Hemsl., Rep. Challenger, Bot.
1(2):130. 1855. - Syn.: C. appendiculatus (Brongn.)
Kunth var. atlanticus (Helms.) Kk.; C.
appendiculatus (Brongn.) Kunth var. noronhae
(Ridl.) Kk. - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: R. Alves
4613 (MO, R); A. Miranda 3499 (HST, UFP). Notes:
cespitose herbs, endemic to the oceanic islands of
Trindade and Fernando de Noronha (Alves &
Martins 2004). It is possible that the species also
grows on the atlantic forest along the coast of Brazil.
Cited as a vulnerable species of Cyperaceae from
Brazil (Biodiversitas 2008). Govaerts et al. (2007)
accepted this name under C. appendiculatus
(Brongn.) Kunth var. atlanticus (Helms.) Kk.
Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
13.10. C. berroi (C.B. Clarke) Barros, Darwiniana
6(4):598. 1944. - Syn.: C. berroi (C.B. Clarke) T.
Koyama comb. superfl.; Hoppia berroi C.B. Clarke.
- Region: S. Voucher: S. Hefler et al. 443 (ICN).
Notes: known from the southern border between
Brazil and Uruguay.
13.11. C. beyrichii (Schrad. ex Nees) Steud., Syn.
Pl. Glumac.:47. 1854. -Syn.: Mariscus beyrichii
Schrad. ex Nees - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen.
Notes: known from Nees (1842) with no cited
specimen located yet.
13.12. C. brumadoi D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull.
48(4):701. 1993.- Region: NE. Voucher: A. Carvalho
et al. 2617 (CEPEC, K, NY). Notes: known from the
Cadeia do Espinhao, state of Bahia.
13.13. C. burkartii Guaglianone, Darwiniana
30:233. 1990. - Region: S.
Voucher: M. Sobral et al. 2103 (ICN). Notes:
described to Misiones (Argentina) and in Brazil is
known only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul
nearby the Deciduous Seasonal Forest. Reference:
Arajo & Longhi-Wagner (1997).
13.14. C. camphoratus Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr.
28:1850. - Regions: N, CO, S.
Vouchers: G. Davidse et al. 10968 (MO); H. Irwin
et al. 12701 (MO); M. Silva 645 (NY). Notes: no
information is available about this taxon in Brazil.
Reference: Tucker (1986).
13.15. C. cearensis R. Gross ex Kk., Pflanzenr.
20:101. 1936. - Syn.: Mariscus cearensis (R. Gross.
ex Kk.) T. Koyama - Region: NE. Voucher: L. Eiten
& G. Eiten 10817 (MO). Notes: no information is
available about this taxon in Brazil. The two
specimens collected are from the states of Cear
and Maranho. Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
13.16. C. cellulosoreticulatus Boeck., Allg. Bot. Z.
Syst. 1:202. 1895. - Region: S.
Voucher: S. Hefler et al. 685 (ICN). Notes: restricted
to the coast in the southern part of Brazil in the
states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.
The species occurs in sandy wetland areas.
Reference: Arajo & Longhi-Wagner (1996).
13.17. C. chalaranthus J. Presl & C. Presl, Reliq.
Haenk. 1(3): 177. 1830. - Syn.: C. diffusus Vahl subsp.
chalaranthus (J. Presl & C. Presl) Kk. ; C. diffusus
Vahl var. chalaranthus (J. Presl & C. Presl) C.B.
Clarke. - Region: S. Voucher: T. Koyama et al. 13742
(NY, SP). Notes: in Brazil is known from a few
specimens were found in the local herbaria and all
of them from the state of So Paulo. Reference:
Tucker (2007).
13.18. C. compressus L., Sp. Pl.:46. 1753. - Regions:
N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves 1157 (HTO,
UFP); S. Martins & M. Alves 229 (UFP); P. Gomes
3625 (SP, UFP); A. Prata et al. 206 (UFP, UFRR).
Notes: widely distributed, found in disturbed areas.
13.19. C. congestus Vahl ex Nees, Fl. bras. 2(1):38.
1842. - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen. Notes: known
from Nees (1842) with no cited specimen located
yet.
13.20. C. consanguineus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:42.
1837. - Regions: NE (?), SE, S.
Vouchers: C. Kozera 1982 (ICN, MBM); T.
Sendulsky 1049 (SP, UFP). Notes: rare species
found on marshes and wet grassland. Kkenthal
(1956) and Barros (1960) cited for Brazil three
varieties: C. consanguineus Kunth var. chamissoi
Schrad., C. consanguineus Kunth var. usterii (Palla)
Kk. and C. consanguineus Kunth var. varius
12 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
(Boeck.) Kk. Kkenthal (1956) also cited C.
consanguineus Kunth var. minarum (Boeck.) Kk.
for Brazil. On the three states of southern Brazil
only one variety has been recognized. Cited under
C. intricatus Schrad. ex Schult. by Tucker (1994),
Govaerts et al. (2007), and Guaglianone et al. (2008).
13.21. C. consors C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:6. 1908. - Syn.: C. riedelianus C.B. Clarke - Regions:
NE, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Amorim et al. 1033 (CEPEC,
NY); N. Hensold et al. CFCR3540 (NY, SPF); L.
Riedel 970 (K). Notes: C. consors C.B. Clarke var.
riedelianus (C.B. Clarke) Kk. is cited for southern
Brazil by Barros (1960).
13.22. C. coriifolius Boeck., Linnaea 36:391. 1870.
- Regions: NE, SE. Voucher: R. Andreata et al. 880
(RB); S. Mori et al. 11643 (CEPEC, K, NY). Notes:
this species is known from a few specimens from
the states of Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais.
13.23. C. cornelii-ostenii Kk., Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 29:198. 1931. - Syn.: Mariscus cornelii-
ostenii (Kk.) T. Koyama - Regions: SE, S (?), CO.
Voucher: H. Irwin et al. 27792 (MO); V. Pott et al.
7454 (HMS). Notes: in Brazil known only from a
few collection in the states of Minas Gerais and
Mato Grosso. The species occurs also in Argentina
and Paraguay and possibily in other Brazilian states
such as So Paulo and Paran. Govaerts et al. 92007)
cited to Brazil C. cornelii-ostenii Kk. var. cornelii-
ostenii. Reference: Tucker (1998).
13.24. C. corymbosus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar.:19.
1772. - Region: S. Voucher: S. Hefler et al. 660 (ICN).
Notes: Barros (1960), Hefler (2007), and Guaglianone
et al. (2008) cited C. corymbosus Rottb. var.
subnodosus (Nees & Meyen) Kk. for southern
Brazil. Reference: Barros (1960).
13.25. C. cuspidatus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp.:204.
1816. - Syn.: C. exiguus Nees; C. hamatus Schrad.
ex Nees - Regions: N, NE, SE, S (?), CO. Vouchers:
F. Frana et al. 2217 (HUEFS, UFP); S. Martins et
al. 68 (UFP); A. Prata et al. 189 (UFP, UFRR); D.
Sucre 9453 (RB). Notes: widely distributed, found
in disturbed areas. Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
cuspidatus Kunth var. burchellii C.B. Clarke, C.
cuspidatus Kunth f. exiguus (Nees) Kk. and C.
cuspidatus Kunth f. angustifolius (Nees) Kk. for
Brazil. Reference: Tucker (1994).
13.26. C. davidsei G. Tucker in Barbosa et al., Bot.
Brasil:312-313. 2007. - Region: NE. Voucher: G.
Davidse 11908 (MO, SP). Notes: known from the
type locality on the of Bahia. Reference: Tucker
(2007).
13.27. C. diamantinus (D.A. Simpson) Govaerts &
D.A. Simpson in Govaerts et al., World Check. List
Cyp.:316. 2007. - Syn.: Mariscus diamantinus D.A.
Simpson - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: A. Guilietti
et al. 21104 (K, SPF); W. Thomas et al. 12845 (NY).
Notes: known from a few collections in the states
of Minas Gerais and Bahia (campo rupestre
vegetation). Reference: Simpson (1989b).
13.28. C. dichromenaeformis Kunth, Enum. Pl.
2:26. 1837. - Syn.: C. tephrodes Schrad. ex Nees -
Regions: N, NE, SE. Voucher: M. Braga 7247 (RB);
S. Mori et al. 10689 (CEPEC, MO); R. Spruce s.n.
(NY). Notes: possibly endemic to the Atlantic
Rainforest, known from the states of Bahia, Rio de
Janeiro and Minas Gerais. One old specimen is
known from the northern region of Brazil. Govaerts
et al. (2007) cited as C. dichromeniformis Kunth.
13.29. C. difformis L., Cent. Pl. 2:6. 1756. - Regions:
NE, S. Voucher: S. Mori et al. 11646 (CEPEC, K,
NY). Notes: until now is known in Brazil from the
states fo Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. Reference:
Tucker (1994).
13.30. C. digitatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1:209. 1820. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, S. Vouchers: A. Carvalho et
al. 3168 (CEPEC, K); J. Costa 1260 (RB); C. Bove
et al. 627 (R). Notes:known from a few collections
at the local herbaria. Reference: Tucker (1998).
13.31. C. distans L.f., Supp. Pl.:103. 1781. - Regions:
N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Arajo 337 (HBR);
D. Folli et al. 3263 (CVRD, UFP); M. Oliveira & A.
Grillo 699 (UFP); S. Hefler & G. Silveira 790 (ICN)
. Notes: widely distributed, found in disturbed areas,
especially along the coast. References: Muniz
(2001); Hefler (2007).
13.32. C. distinctus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:24.
1855. - Region: S. Voucher: not seen. Notes: known
only from the cited reference and its occurrence in
Brazil (state of Paran) is not yet confirmed.
13.33. C. drummondii Torr. & Hook., Ann. Lyceum
Nat. Hist. New York 3: 437. 1836. - Region: S. Voucher:
not seen. Notes: known only from the cited
reference and its occurrence in Brazil (state of
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
13
Paran) is not yet confirmed. It is also cited under
the species C. virens Michx. as C. virens Michx.
subsp. drummondii (Torr. & Hook.) Kk. and C.
virens Michx. subsp. drummondii (Torr. & Hook.)
T. Koyama. Reference: Guaglianone et al. (2008).
13.34. C. entrerianus Boeck., Flora 61:139. 1878. -
Syn.: C. luzulae (L.) Retz. var. entrerianus (Boeck.)
Barros, C. diffusus Vahl var. entrerianus (Boeck.)
Kk.; C. entrerianus Boeck. f. abbreviatus Kk. -
Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: H. Longhi-Wagner
et al. 2138 (ICN); I. Miranda 3274 (PEUFR, UFP);
C. Muniz 306 (SP, UFP). Notes: Barros (1960) and
Arajo & Longhi-Wagner (1996) cited this name as
a synonym of C. luzulae (L.) Retz. var. entrerianus
(Boeck.) Barros. Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
entrerianus Boeck. f. abbreviatus Kk. for Brazil.
13.35. C. eragrostis Lam., Tab. Encl. 1:146. 1791. -
Regions: N (?), NE, CO, SE, S (?). Vouchers: H.
Longhi-Wagner & A. Arajo 2413 (ICN); J. Maciel
et al. 379 (RB, UFP) ; E. Melo et al. 1708 (HUEFS,
UFP); D. Sucre et al. 5276 (K, RB). Notes: widely
distributed, found in disturbed areas. In
northeastern Brazil, some specimens of this species
can be morphologicaly related to C. surimanensis
Rottb. and to C. virens Michx. with possible cases
of natural hybridization. Reference: Arajo &
Longhi-Wagner (1996).
13.36. C. esculentus L., Sp. pl. 1:45. 1753. - Syn.: C.
gracilescens Roem. & Schult.; C. helodes Schrad.
ex Nees - Regions: N (?), NE (?), CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
A. Arajo 526 (ICN); T. Koyama 13857 (NY, RB,
SP); V. Pott et al. 4999 (HMS). Notes: widely
distributed, found in disturbed areas. The varieties
are not well delineatated among the Brazilian
specimens. Kkenthal (1956) cited C. esculentus L.
var. leptostachyus Boeck. for Brazil. C. esculentus
L. var. leptostachyus Boeck. and C. esculentus L.
var. macrostachyus Boeck. are cited for southern
Brazil by Barros (1960) and Guaglianone et al.
(2008). References: Tucker (1994); Hefler (2007).
13.37. C. exaltatus Retz., Observ. 5:11. 1789. -
Region: NE. Voucher: not seen. Notes: known only
from a list published by Thomas et al. (2006).
13.38. C. felipponei Kk. in Engl., Pflanzenr. 4:213.
1936. - Regions: N (?), S. Voucher: R. Trevisan et al.
487 (ICN). Notes: in Brazil this species is known
from one collection but, according with Tucker
(1998), C. felipponei is probably more widespread
in South America than available specimens would
indicate. Reference: Tucker (1998).
13.39. C. filiculmis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:328. 1805. -
Syn.: Mariscus filiculmis (Vahl) T. Koyama -
Regions: N, S (?). Voucher: R. Spruce s.n. (RB).
Notes: known from a single specimen at the local
herbaria. This species seems to be closely related
with C. esculentus L. Reference: Nees (1842).
13.40. C. fillifolius Willd. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:85.
1837. - Syn.: C. filiculmis Schrad. ex Nees - Region:
N. Voucher: not seen. Notes: Kkenthal (1956) cited
this taxon for the states of Amazonas and Par but
until now the specimens have not been located.
13.41. C. friburgensis Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 2:2.
1890. - Syn.: C. martianus Schrad. ex Roem. &
Schult. - Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G.
Hatschbach 7997 (MBM, SI); P. Heringer et al.
6766 (MO, UB); S. Mori et al. 14367 (CEPEC, NY,
K); Salviani 1003 (UFP). Notes: Muniz (1987) cited
this species to So Paulo as C. friburguensis.
13.42. C. gardneri Nees in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):34.
1842. - Regions: NE, CO, SE.
Vouchers: D. Arajo et al. 3259 (GUA, MO); M.
Luceo et al. EBNN 683 (TEPB, UFP); V. Pott et al.
349 (HMS). Notes: aquatic herbs, known from few
collections in the states of Pernambuco, Mato
Grosso do Sul and Rio de Janeiro. Reference:
Kkenthal (1956).
13.43. C. giganteus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:364. 1805. -
Syn.: Papyrus elegans Schrad. ex Nees; P. gigantea
Schrad.; P. radiata Schrad. ex Nees - Regions: N,
NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: I. Cordeiro et al. 1739
(SP, UFP); P. Eugnio 336 (RB); F. Frana et al.
3936 (HUEFS, UFP); S. Hefler 593 (ICN); S. Lolis
et al. 14 (HTO, UFP). Notes: known from flooded
areas, largely used as an ornamental plant.
References: Tucker (1994); Hefler (2007).
13.44. C. grandisimplex C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:7. 1908. - Regions: N, NE (?), SE (?).
Voucher: G. Prance & Pennington 1751 (MO).
Notes: few specimens available in the local herbaria.
13.45. C. grossianus T.M. Ped., Darwiniana 17:543.
1972. - Syn.: C. laetus Kunth var. tenuissimus Gross.
& Kk. - Region: NE. Voucher: M. Luceo 224b
(UFP). Notes: known only from old collections in
the state of Paraba. References: Kkenthal (1956);
.M. Luceo et al. (1997).
14 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
13.46. C. guianensis Kk., Pflanzenr. 20:483. 1936.
- Region: NE. Voucher: G. Davidse et al. 11790 (MO).
Notes: known from the northern of South America.
It is the first record to Brazil from a specimen
collected on the state of Bahia. Reference:
Kkenthal (1956).
13.47. C. haspan L., Sp. Pl.:45. 1753. - Syn.: C.
adenophorus Schrad. ex Nees; C. riparius Schrad.
ex Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: D.
Boone 556 (MBML, UFP); D. Folli 4242 (CVRD,
UFP); H. Longhi-Wagner et al. 2354 (ICN); S.
Martins et al. 166 (UFP); E. Santos 402 (HTO, UFP).
Notes: common on seasonally flooded areas.
Several varieties and subspecies were proposed
for this taxon, however the taxonomic limits are not
yet clear. The following names are cited for Brazil
by several authors: C. haspan L. subsp. junciformis
Kk.; C. haspan L. subsp. juncoides (Lam.) Kk.;
C. haspan L. var. adenophorus (Schrad.) Kk.; C.
haspan L. var. amplissimus Kk.; C. haspan L. var.
coarctatus Nees; and C. haspan L. var. riparius
(Nees) Kk. Arajo & Longhi-Wagner (1996) did
not accept the subspecies level but confirmed two
varieties: C. haspan var. haspan and C. haspan
var. coarctatus Nees, the last one with capitate
inflorescence.
13.48. C. hermafroditus (Jacq.) Stand., Contr. U.S.
Natl. Herb. 18:88. 1916. - Regions: N, NE, SE, S.
Vouchers: W. Ferreira et al. 5 (HTO, UFP); S. Hefler
& H. Longhi-Wagner 401 (ICN, MBM); L. Mautone
55 (RB); R. Reitz 5102 (HBR). Notes: Kkenthal
(1956) cited C. hemafroditus (Jacq.) Stand. var.
longiradiatus (Liebm.) Kk. for Brazil. The
taxonomic limit of this name is not yet clear, Luceo
et al. (1997) suggested the uncertainty regarding
C. hermafroditus (Jacq.) Stand. and C. meyenianus
Kunth, C. rigens J. Presl. & C. Presl. and C. pohlii
(Nees) Steud. Hefler (2007) suggested that this
species is strongly related to C. meyenianus Kunth.
13.49. C. humilis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:23. 1837.-
Region: CO (?). Voucher: not seen.
Notes: this species has been refered to Venezuela
and Ecuador with a possible occurrence in Brazil.
13.50. C. imbricatus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5:12. 1788.
-Syn.: C. campestris Schrad. ex Nees; C. radiatus
Schrad. ex Nees - Regions: N, NE, SE (?), CO, S.
Vouchers: M. Luceo et al. 295b (UFP); B. Rambo
45861 (ICN, PACA, SI). Notes: Kkenthal (1956)
cited C. imbricatus var. minor (Boeck.) Kk. for the
state of Piau. Reference: Barros (1960).
13.51. C. incomtus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:39. 1837. -
Regions: CO, SE, S. Voucher: M. Sobral et al. 4347
(ICN, MBM). Notes: in Brazil found only in the
states of Minas Gerais, Paran, Santa Catarina and
Rio Grande do Sul. The species is very common on
shaded areas. The occurrence in cerrado
vegetation is based on a local list which is not yet
confirmed. Kkenthal (1956) cited C. incomtus
Kunth var. dissolutior Kk. for the state of Minas
Gerais. Reference: Silveira & Longhi-Wagner (2008).
13.52. C. infuscatus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:86. 1837. -
Syn.: Mariscus longus Schrad. ex Nees; M.
infuscatus (Kunth) T. Koyama - Regions: NE, SE.
Voucher: F. Hoehne 6705 (B).
Notes: known only from the cited reference and a
single specimen. Kkenthal (1956) and Govaerts et
al. (2007) cited the name as C. infucatus Kunth.
13.53. C. inops C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:5. 1908. - Region: S. Voucher: G. Hatschbach 2935
(MBM, SI). Notes: known only from a few
specimens from southern Brazil and collected 50
years ago. Reference: Barros (1960).
13.54. C. intricatus Schrad. ex Schult., Mant. 2:98.
1824. - Syn.: C. chamissoi Schrad. ex Nees -
Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: J. Tannus 1148 (HRCB,
ICN); B. Rambo 39110 (PACA).
Notes: known only from few specimens in the local
herbaria, cultivated as an ornamental herb. C.
consanguineus Kunth is a possible synonym of
this taxon. Reference: Denton (1978).
13.55. C. involucratus Rottb., Descr. pl. rar.:22. 1772.
- Regions: NE, SE (?), S.
Vouchers: R. Klein 5365 (HBR, SI) ; M. Leite 255
(UFP). Notes: known only from few specimens in
the local herbaria. This name is a possible synonym
of C. alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis Kk.
13.56. C. iria L., Sp. Pl.:45. 1753.- Regions: N, NE,
CO, SE, S. Vouchers: Alves 1175 (HTO, UFP); D.
Arajo et al. 1616 (GUA, NY); G. Hatchbach 59028
(MBM); S. Martins & Alves 228 (UFP); M. Sobral
et al. 1568 (ICN, NY). Notes: widely distributed,
sometimes found in disturbed areas near water.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
15
13.57. C. kappleri Hoscht ex Steud., Syn. Pl.
Glumac. 2:38. 1855. - Region: N.
Voucher: R. Buscalioni 1344 (NY). Notes: known
in Brazil from a single specimen from the state of
Par. Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
13.58. C. laxus Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1:46. 1791. - Syn.:
C. diffusus Vahl; C. diffusus Vahl var. umbrosus
(Lindl. & Nees) Kk.; C. elegans Schrad. nom. illeg.,
non C. elegans L.; C. umbrosus Lindl. & Nees -
1398 (HTO, UFP); W. Anderson et al. 9486 (NY,
UB); H. Longhi-Wagner et al. 9398 (ICN, MBM);
S. Mori et al. 11587 (CEPEC, NY); W. Mantovani
1379 (SP, UFP). Notes: widely distributed, found
in disturbed areas. Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
diffusus Vahl var. chalaranthus (Pers.) Kk. for the
state of Paran. Barros (1960) cited one of the
varieties for Brazil C. diffusus Vahl var. umbrosus
(Lindl. & Nees) Kk., which is included by Tucker
(1994) as a synonym of C. laxus Lam. Reference:
Tucker (1994).
13.59. C. ligularis L., Pl. Jamaic. Pug.:3. 1759. -
Syn.: C. coriaceus Schrad. ex Nees; Mariscus
ligularis (L.) Urb. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 97-95 (UFP); G.
Hatschbach 35898 (MBM); C. Kozera 2524 (ICN,
MBM); M. Martins 705 (VIC, UFP); Souza 72 (HRR,
MG). Notes: widely distributed, sometimes found
in disturbed area on sandy and marshy areas along
the coast. The most common species of Cyperaceae
on the Island of Fernando de Noronha. Reference:
Martins et al. (1999).
13.60. C. luzulae (L.) Retz., Observ. Bot. 4:11. 1786.
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: R. Dias-Melo et al. 126 (RB, SPF); G.
Hatschbach 29569 (MBM); H. Longhi-Wagner et
al. 2417 (ICN); A. Mendes & M. Alves 16-95 (UFP);
Poole 1833 (INPA, NY, RB). Notes: widely
distributed, found in disturbed areas. Barros (1960)
and Arajo & Longhi-Wagner (1996) cited under
this taxon the following varieties: C. luzulae (L.)
Retz. var. luzulae and C. luzulae (L.) Retz. var.
entrerianus (Boeck.) Barros. Kkenthal (1956) cited
C. luzulae (L.) Retz. f. conoideus (L.C. Rich.) Nees
for Brazil. C. entrerianus Boeck. is accepted as
species by some authors. Reference: Tucker (1994).
13.61. C. maritimus Poir., Encycl. 7:240. 1806. -
Region: NE. Vouchers: S. Martins & M. Alves 226
(BOTU, UFP). Notes: disjunction between South
America and Africa, in Brazil is restricted to the
sandy dunes along the Northeast coast. Govaerts
et al. cited under C. crassipes Vahl. Reference: Vre
& Kukkonen (2005).
13.62. C. matudae G.C. Tucker, Rhodora 88:503. 1986.
- Region: SE. Voucher: C. Muniz et al. 260 (SP).
Notes: known from Mexico, being cited to Brazil
from this single specimen collected on the state of
So Paulo. Reference: Tucker (2007).
13.63. C. meridionalis Barros, Anales Mus. Argent.
Ci. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia 39:357. 1938.
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: L. Eiten & G.
Eiten 10096 (MO, UB), id. 10476 (MO, UB); T.
Koyama et al. 13780 (NY, RB); B. Rambo 36635
(ICN, SI); W. Thomas et al. 4880 (MO, NY, SPF).
Notes: limited to areas of savanna vegetation.
13.64. C. meyenianus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:88. 1837.
- Syn.: Mariscus meyenianus Nees; M.
oligostachys Schrad. ex Nees; M. uliginosus
Schrad. ex Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: R. Forzza et al. 3421 (NY, RB); J.
Lombardi 1937 (BHCB, UFP); A. Miranda et al.
1993 (PEUFR, UFP); R. Reitz & R. Klein 2990
(HBR); E. Rocha 1271 (UESC, UFP). Notes: widely
distributed, found in disturbed areas. The taxonomic
limit of this name is not yet clear. Kkenthal (1956)
cited for Brazil C. meyenianus Kunth var.
oligostachys (Schrad.) Kukenth. and C. meyenianus
var. paranaguensis (Palla) Kukenth. See more
comments at C. hermaphrodites Kunth. Reference:
Tucker (1998).
13.65. C. miliifolius Poepp. & Kunth, Enum. Pl.
2:29. 1837. - Syn.: C. lacustris Schrad. ex Nees -
Region: N. Voucher: M. Alves et al. 1296 (HTO,
UFP). Notes: in Brazil is known to the Amazon
Forest. Reference: Tucker (1998).
13.66. C. minutiflorus Schrad. ex Nees in Mart.,
Fl. bras. 2(1):22. 1842.- Region: SE. Voucher: not
seen. Notes: known from Nees (1842) with no cited
specimen located yet.
13.67. C. mundulus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:78. 1837. -
Regions: SE, S. Voucher: R. Trevisan & I. Boldrini
829 (ICN). Notes: known only from a few
specimens, being recently collected on the state of
Rio Grande do Sul. It is possibly endemic to Brazil.
16 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
13.68. C. muniziae G. Tucker in Barbosa et al., Bot.
Brasil. 312. 2007. - Regions: CO, SE (?). Voucher: C.
Muniz 260 (SP). Notes: known from a few
collections and also occurs in Argentina and
Paraguay. Reference: Tucker (2007).
13.69. C. ochraceus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:325. 1805. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: W. Anderson et
al. 36952 (CEPEC, MO); G. Gehrt s.n. (SP) ; P. Gibbs
et al. 5375 (UEC). Notes: in Brazil is known only
from a few specimens collected 30 years ago in the
states of Mato Grosso and Bahia. Reference: Tucker
(1994).
13.70. C. odoratus L., Sp. Pl.:46. 1753. - Syn.: C.
densiflorus Meyen.; C. ferax Rich.; C. ferax Rich.
var. acicularis (Schrad.) Kk.; C. ferax Rich. var.
hayesii (C.B. Clarke) Kk.; C. ferax Rich. var.
maximiliani (Schrad.) Boeck.; C. flexuosus Vahl var.
insignis (Kunth) Kk.; Diclidium aciculare Schrad.
ex Nees; D. ferax Schrad. ex Nees; D. fuscatum
Schrad. ex Nees; D. lenticulare Schrad. ex Nees;
D. maximiliani Schrad. ex Nees; D. odoratum
Schrad. ex Nees; Papyrus spectabilis Schrad. ex
Nees; Torulinium ferax (Rich.) Ham.; T. flexuosum
(Vahl) T. Koyama - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: D. Folli 3259 (CVRD, UFP); S. Hefler et
al. 658 (ICN); M. Luceo 247b (UFP); E. Pereira
8676 (RB); A. Prata 535 (SP). Notes: widely
distributed, found in disturbed areas and often
associated with flooded ground. References: Muniz
(2001); Hefler (2007).
13.71. C. palustris (Schrad.) Kk., Pflanzenr. 4:421.
1936. - Syn.: Mariscus palustris Schrad. - Regions:
NE (?), S. Voucher: not seen. Notes: the cited
specimen to Brazil as C. palustris (Schrad.) Kk. is
in fact C. hermafroditus (Jacq.) Stand. Thomas et
al. (2006) cited the taxon to Northeastern Brazil but
no specimen was located in the local herbaria. This
name is involved in a nomenclatural issue with C.
meyenianus Kunth. It is under a taxonomic review
but preliminary results can be found in Hefler (2007).
Govaerts et al. (2007) and Guaglianone et al. (2008)
cited as synonym under C. meyenianus Kunth.
13.72. C. papyrus L., Sp. Pl.:47. 1753. - Regions: N
(?), NE, SE, S (?), CO.
Vouchers: S. Hefler 469 (ICN); M. Luceo 78b
(UFP); D. Sucre 2753 (RB).
Notes: subspontaneous in flooded areas, largely
used as an ornamental plant. References: Kkenthal
(1956); Hefler (2007).
13.73. C. pernambucensis Steud., Syn. Pl.
Cyper.:42. 1855. - Region: NE.
Voucher: not seen. Notes: Kkenthal (1956) included
this taxon as a doubt name but cited to the state of
Pernambuco with no indication of a collected
specimen. Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
13.74. C. pilosus Kunth, En. Pl 2:354. 1805. - Region:
N. Voucher: M. Holway 1601 (US). Notes: in Brazil
is known from a few specimens from the state of
So Paulo. Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
13.75. C. planifolius L.C. Rich., Actes Soc. Hist.
Nat. Paris 1:106. 1792. - Region: NE. Voucher: A.
Lima 68-5387 (IPA). Notes: in Brazil is known from
a few specimens collected 40 years ago in the island
of Fernando de Noronha. Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
planifolius L.C. Rich. var. pickelii R. Gross to the
states of Pernambuco and Paraba. Reference:
Tucker (1994).
13.76. C. pohlii (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:40.
1855. - Syn.: Mariscus pohlii (Nees) D.A. Simpson;
Papyrus pohlii Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves 103-95 (UFP); G.Hatschbach
24237 (MBM); S. Hefler 576 (ICN); T. Koyama et
al. 13719 (NY, RB). Notes: widely distributed, found
in disturbed areas. The taxonomic limit of this name
is not yet clear, for more details go to C.
hermafroditus Kunth. Kkenthal (1956) cited the
following varieties to Brazil: C. pohlii var.
obscuricolatus Kk., C. pohlii var. warmingii
(Boeck.) Kk., and C. pohlii var. mendoncae
(Boeck.) Kk. Simpson (1993) published C. polhii
subsp. bahiensis (D.A. Simpson) D.A. Simpson [=
Mariscus pohlii Nees subsp. bahiensis D.A.
Simpson]. Hefler (2007) refered that no variety can
be recognized among the studied populations
studied from southern Brazil. References: Barros
(1960); Hefler (2007).
13.77. C. procerus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 29.
1733. - Region: S. Voucher: M. Sobral et al. 5143
(F). Notes: it is the first record of the species to
Brazil which was collected on the state of Rio
Grande do Sul. Reference: Simpson & Inglis (2001).
13.78. C. prolixus Humb. & Kunth in Kunth, Nov.
Gen. Sp. 1:206. 1815. - Syn.: Comostemum schottii
Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G.
Hatschbach 3680 (HBR, SI); S. Hefler et al. 623
(ICN); C. Muniz 525 (SP); L. Pessoni 41 (UFP,
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
17
UFRR). Notes: this species can be highly variable
among some populations and several times
misidentified as C. odoratus L., C. hermafroditus
(Jacq.) Stand., C. pohlii (Nees) Steud. or C.
meyenianus Kunth. In southern Brazil is
morphologically better stablished and easier to be
recognized. Reference: Muniz (2001); Hefler (2007).
13.79. C. pseudopetiolatus G. Tucker in Barbosa et
al., Bot. Brasil:313. 2007. - Region: NE. Voucher: G.
Davidse et al. 11946 (MO). Notes: known from the
type locality on the state of Bahia.
13.80. C. purpurrhizus Boeck., Vidensk. Medd.
Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhav. 1894:237. 1895. -
Region: S (?). Voucher: not seen. Notes: Kkenthal
(1956) included this taxon as a dubious name but
cited for Brazil with no indication of state. This
species is reported for Argentina and possibly
found in southern Brazil.
13.81. C. reflexus Vahl, Enum. 2:299. 1806. - Syn.:
C. fraternus Kunth - Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
L. Eiten 2418 (SP); H. Longhi-Wagner et al. 2420
(ICN); V. Pott et al. 8566 (HMS). Notes: Barros
(1960) and Arajo & Longhi-Wagner (1996) cited
for southern Brazil C. reflexus Vahl var. reflexus
and C. reflexus Vahl var. fraternus (Kunth) Kuntze.
C. reflexus var. fraternus is distinct from the tipical
variety based on micromorphology of the achene
surface as reported by Arajo & Longhi-Wagner
(1997). Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited C. fraternus
Kunth [=C. reflexus Vahl var. fraternus (Kunth)
Kuntze] as a valid species.
13.82. C. retrorsus Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 3:17. 1878. -
Regions: NE, CO, SE (?).
Vouchers: C. Ferreira et al. 685 (RB, UFP); L.
Riedel 3 (K). Notes: Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
retrorsus Chapm. var. australis (Lindm.) Kk. for
the states of Bahia, Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais.
Barros (1960) cited this variety as a synonym under
C. cayennensis (Lam.) Britton [= C. aggregatus
(Willd.) Endl.]. Arajo et al. (2007) cited to the state
of Bahia C. retrorsus Champ. var. retrorsus and C.
retrorsus Champ. var. cylindricus Fernald &
Griscom. Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
13.83. C. rigens J. Presl & C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk.
1(3): 170. 1828. - Syn.: C. balansae Maury; C.
impolitus Kunth; C. laetus J. Presl. & C. Presl.; C.
oostachyus Nees; C. wacketii Kk.; Mariscus
wackettii (Kk.) T. Koyama - Regions: N, NE, CO,
SE, S. Vouchers: R. Dias-Melo et al. 187 (RB); G.
Hatschbach 24128 (MBM, MO); S. Hefler 493
(ICN); I. Miranda 977 (INPA, UFP); M. Wanderley
et al. 2259 (SP, UFP). Notes: the taxonomic limit of
this name is not yet clear, Kkenthal (1956) cited
several names under this taxon which occur in Brazil:
C. laetus J. Presl. & C. Presl. subsp. oostachyus
(Nees) Kk.; C. laetus J. Presl. & C. Presl. var.
balansae (Maury) Kk.; C. laetus J. Presl. & C.
Presl. var. capitatus Boeck.; C. laetus J. Presl. & C.
Presl. var. parciflorus. Kk. and C. laetus J. Presl.
& C. Presl. var. tenuissimus Gross. & Kk. Hefler
(2007) accepted most of those names, as
synonymous under C. rigens. While C. laetus J.
Presl. & C. Presl. var. tenuissimus Gross. & Kk. is
considered a synonym of C. grossianus T.M. Ped.
in this catalogue. Govaerts et al. (2007) and
Guaglianone et al. (2008) accepted to Brazil the
following subspecies under this name: C. rigens
subsp. arechavaletae (Boeck.) Pedersen, C. rigens
subsp. rigens, and C. rigens subsp. serrae (Boeck.)
Pedersen. The same authors also accepted C.
impolitus Kunth (= C. balansae Maury) as a valid
species. Reference: Barros (1960).
13.84. C. rotundus L., Sp. Pl.:45. 1753. - Regions: N,
NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: L. Flix et al. 5665
(PEUFR); D. Folli 3281 (CVRD, UFP); S. Hefler et
al. 630 (ICN); S. Martins et al. 105 (UFP). Notes:
widely distributed, found in disturbed areas.
Kkenthal (1956) cited C. rotundus L. subsp. retzii
(Nees) Kk. for Brazil. References: Muniz 1987;
Hefler (2007).
13.85. C. sanguineo-fuscus Lindl. & Nees ex Nees
in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):22. 1842, non C. sanguineo-
fuscus Hook.f., nom. illeg. - Region: SE. Voucher:
not seen. Notes: known from Nees (1842) with no
cited specimen located yet. Govaerts et al. (2007)
cited C. sangineo-fuscus Lindl. & Nees as a
synonym of C. lucidus R. Br., which is not confirmed
in Brazil yet.
13.86. C. schoenomorphus Steud., Synop. Cyp.
Glumac.:39. 1855. - Regions: N, SE. Voucher: not
seen. Notes: cited for the states of Par and So
Paulo. Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
13.87. C. schomburgkianus Nees in Hook., Journ.
Bot. 2:393. 1840. - Syn.: C. leucanthus Nees ex
Schrad. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: D.
Arajo 127 (IPA, UFP); G.Hatschbach 23755
(MBM); E. Rocha 1237 (UESC, UFP); E. Santos
102 (HTO, UFP); L. Smith & R. Klein 8756 (HBR).
Notes: high potential as an ornamental plant, used
18 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
locally as a dried flower. Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
schomburgkianus var. leucanthus (Schrad.) Kk.
for Brazil. Reference: Simpson (1990).
13.88. C. simplex Kunth, Nov. gen. sp. 1:207. 1816.
al. 95-95 (UFP); P. Fiaschi et al. 1962 (CEPEC,
SPF); A. Prata 526 (SP); J. Ratter 1071 (K).
13.89. C. sphacelatus Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar.:21. 1772.
- Regions: N, NE, SE (?), CO, S. Vouchers: L. Eiten
& G. Eiten 10100 (MO, UB); S. Hefler & H. Longhi-
Wagner 839 (ICN); M. Luceo & A. Mendes 12
(INPA, UFP); S. Martins et al. 151 (UFP). Notes: in
southern Brazil is restricted to the coastal area.
13.90. C. squarrosus L., Cent. Pl. 2:6. 1756. - Syn.:
C. aristatus Rottb.; C. aristatus Rottb. var. inflexus
(Muehlenb.) Kk. - Regions: N, NE. Vouchers: I.
Miranda 1790 (PEUFR); L. Pessoni 56 (UFP,
UFRR). Reference: Tucker (1994).
13.91. C. subcastaneus D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull.
42:897. 1987. - Regions: NE, SE.
Vouchers: A. Furlan 22677 (K, SPF); W. Thomas et
al. 12875 (CEPEC, NY). Notes: occurs on the
Cadeia do Espinhao in the states of Bahia and
Minas Gerais, and on the Parque Nacional do
Catimbau, state of Penambuco. Simpson (1989b)
described C. subcastaneus subsp. graomogolii
D.A. Simpson to the Cadeia do Espinhao from the
state of Minas Gerais. Reference: Simpson (1995).
13.92. C. subtenax (Kk.) M.T. Strong, Contr. U.S.
Natl. Herb. 52:288. 2005. - Region: NE. Voucher: K.
Leite et al. 434 (HUEFS, UFP). Notes: in Brazil is
known from a single collection in the state of Bahia.
Reference: Kkenthal (1956)
13.93. C. surinamensis Rottb., Descr. Pl. Rar.:20.
1772. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Agra 1331 (JPB); A. Barros 335
(RFA); F. Frana et al. 3919 (HUEFS, UFP); S. Lolis
et al. 18 (HTO, UFP); H. Longhi-Wagner & A.
Arajo 2021 (ICN). Notes: widely distributed, found
in disturbed areas, and recognized by the culm
intensily scabrous. Kkenthal (1956) cited C.
surinamensis Rottb. var. lutescens Boeck. for Brazil.
13.94. C. tenuispica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:11.
185. - Region: CO. Voucher: H. Irwin et al. 17095
(MO). Notes: in Brazil known from a single specimen
from the state of Mato Grosso. Reference: Tucker
(1998).
13.95. C. thryrsiflorus Jung., Linnaea 6:24. 1831. -
Region: N (?). Voucher: not seen.
Notes: possibly occurs in Brazil but not yet
confirmed. References: Tucker (1994).
13.96. C. tingens J. Presl. & C. Presl. - Region: CO.
Voucher: G. Hatschbach 47238 (MBM). Notes:
known from a single citation in a recent publication
(Simpson 1998) with no information related to the
specimen studied. This name is not cited in the
available regular data consulted and general
references including Kkenthal (1956), Tucker (1994,
1998), and Govaerts et al. (2007). It is a possible
nomenclatural misunderstanding. Reference:
Simpson (1998).
13.97. C. traillii C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:5. 1908. - Regions: N, NE.
Vouchers: A. Prata et al. 473 (UFRR); R. Spruce
1117 (K). Notes: in Brazil the species is known only
from the states of Roraima, Amazonas, and Bahia
from an old collection. Reference: Tucker (1998).
13.98. C. uncinulatus Schrad. ex Nees in Mart., Fl.
bras. 2(1):23. 1842. - Regions: NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: D. Falkenberg 1445 (ICN); S. Martins
et al. 190 (UFP); A. Pontes et al. 341 (JPB); J.
Waechter 2112 (ICN). Notes: this species is
morphologically related to C. cuspidatus Kunth
whom differs by the size of the glumes. Reference:
Kkenthal (1956).
13.99. C. unicolor Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 41:24. 1879. - Regions:
SE, S. Vouchers: A. Brade 6726 (B); R. Reitz 5403
(HBR, SI). Notes: in Brazil the species is known
only from the states of So Paulo and Santa
Catarina. This name needs to be confirmed as an
independent taxon. Reference: Barros (1960).
13.100. C. virens Michx., Fl. Bor.-amer. 1:38. 1803. -
Syn.: C. robustus Kunth; C. virens Michx. var.
robustus (Kunth) Kk. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: A. Arajo 21 (ICN, SI); M. Luceo 296b
(UFP); D. Sucre 4247 (RB); Tamashiro et al. 37
(RB, UEC). Notes: widely distributed and found in
disturbed areas or on the edge of wet forests.
Kkenthal (1956), Barros (1960), and Tucker (1994)
cited several infraspecific taxa for Brazil, such as:
C. virens Michx. var. acutangulus (Boeck.) Kk.,
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
19
C. virens Michx. var. drummondii (Torr. & Hook.)
Kk., C. virens Michx. var. glauco-pallidus Boeck.,
C. virens Michx. var. minarum (Boeck.) Danton; C.
virens Michx. var. robustus (Kunth) Kk., and C.
virens Michx. var. scaberrimus (Boeck.) Kk.
13.101. C. xanthostachyus Steud., Flora 25:600.
1842. - Region: S. Voucher: L. Smith & R. Klein
13485 (HBR, US). Notes: known from southern
South America. It is the first record to Brazil of the
species from a collection made in the state of Santa
Catarina. Reference: Kkenthal (1956).
14. Diplacrum R. Br. - Number of species: 2.
14.1. D. capitatum (Willd.) Boeck., Linnaea 38:345.
1874. - Syn.: Bisboeckelera paporiensis Sss.;
Diplacrum longifolium (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke; D.
longifolium (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke var. angustifolium
Kk. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves
et al. 2248 (CEPEC, HTO, NY, UB, UFP); M. Alves
et al. 2248 (CEPEC, HTO, NY, UB, UFP); M. Alves
& A. Amorim 1675 (SP, UFP); A. Arajo et al. 734
(ICN); M. Luceo et al. EBNN51 (TEPB, UFP).
14.2. D. guianense (Nees) T. Koyama, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 16:51. 1967. - Syn.: D. longifolium
(Griseb.) C.B. Clarke var. laevissimum Kk. - Region:
N.
Voucher: G. Prance et al. 17815 (INPA, MO, NY).
Notes: in Brazil restricted to the Amazon Forest.
15. Diplasia L.C. Rich. - Number of species: 1.
15.1. D. karatifolia L.C. Rich. in Persoon, Syn. Pl.
1:70. 1805. - Regions: N, NE.
Vouchers: C. Viana et al. 2669 (INPA, UFP); A.
Mendes et al. 141 (INPA, UFP). Notes: in Brazil
restricted to the Amazon Forest including some areas
in the west side of the state of Maranho
(Northeastern Brazil). Reference: Simpson (2006).
16. Egleria L.T. Eiten - Number of species: 1.
16.1. E. fluctuans L.T. Eiten, Phytologia 9:481. 1964.
- Region: N. Voucher: A. Ducke 12028 (M, NY, RB,
SP, UB). Notes: known from a few specimens, in
Brazil restricted to the Amazon Forest. Reference:
Eiten (1964).
17. Eleocharis R. Br. - Number of species: 69. Notes:
Faria (1998) cited 8 species from the state of So
Paulo which are probably new to science and
Trevisan (2009) cited 5 new species to Southern
Brazil which are not described yet.
17.1. E. acutangula (Roxb.) Schult., Mant. 2:91.
1824. - Syn.: E. fistulosa (Poir.) Link; E. fistulosa
(Poir.) Schult.; Scirpus fistulosus Poir. non Forssk.;
S. acutangulus Roxb. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: A. Duarte 533 (RB); A. Faria 97-799
(UEC); G. Hatschbach 30441 (MBM); M. Luceo
301b (UFP); A. Prata 430b (UFRR). Notes: Faria
(1998), Gil (2004) and Trevisan (2005) cited E.
acuntangula (Roxb.) Schult. as a possible synonym
for E. fistulosa (Poir.) Link.. and in Brazil, according
to Rosen et al. (2007), occurs two subspecies occur:
E. acutangula subsp. acutangula and E.
acutangula subsp. breviseta D.J. Rosen.
References: Gil & Bove (2007); Trevisan & Boldrini
(2008).
17.2. E. almensis D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull. 48:73.
1993. - Regions: NE, SE.
Voucher: R. Harley et al. 25305 (CEPEC, K); G.
Shepherd 11291 (UEC). Notes: endemic to Brazil;
Farias (1998) cited E. leucocarpha Boeck.,
published in 1869, as a possible correct name for E.
almensis D.A. Simpson. Trevisan (2009) cited this
name under E. loefgreniana Boeck. Reference:
Simpson (1995).
17.3. E. alveolatoides S. Gonzlez & Reznicek,
Novon 6(4): 356. 1996. - Region: N. Voucher: A. Prata
et al. 585 (SP). Notes: known from a specimen from
the state of Roraima, close to the northern border
with Venezuela. Reference: Gonzlez-Elizondo &
Reznicek (1998).
17.4. E. amazonica C. B. Clarke, Bull. Misc. Inform.,
Addit. Ser.8:22. 1908. - Regions: N, NE. Vouchers:
R. Spruce 3757 (NY). Reference: Svenson (1937).
17.5. E. atropurpurea (Retz.) J. Presl. & C. Presl.,
Reliq. Haenk. 1:196. 1828. - Syn.: Eleogenus
laetevirens Nees - Regions: N, NE. Vouchers: M.
Alves et al. 62-96 (UFP); L. Pessoni 12 (UFP, UFRR).
Reference: Luceo et al. (1997).
17.6. E. bahiensis D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull. 43:127.
20 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
1988. - Region: NE. Voucher: A. Carvalho 224
(CEPEC, K). Notes: restricted to the state of Bahia.
17.7. E. barrosii Svenson, Rhodora 39:220. 1937. -
Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: L. Eiten et al. 3865
(RB, UB); P. Heringer et al. 682 (IPA, RB); L. Smith
& R. Reitz 9116 (HBR, SI). Reference: Barros (1960).
17.8. E. bicolor Chapman, Fl. South. U.S. 517. 1860.
- Syn.: E. minima var bicolor (Chapm.) Svenson. -
Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: C. Bove et al. 592
(R); L. Smith et al. 9458 (HBR); V. Souza et al.
4650 (ESA). Notes: Barros (1960) and Eiten (1976b)
cited E. minima Kunth var. bicolor (Chapm.)
Svenson to the state of Santa Catarina, Faria (1998)
to the state of So Paulo and Gil et al. (2007) to the
state of Gois. Reference: Smith et al. (2002);
Trevisan (2009).
17.9. E. bonariensis Nees, J. Bot. (Hooker) 2:398.
1840. - Syn.: Chaetocypeus bonariensis (Nees) Nees
- Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Faria 95-821
(UEC); J. Tannus 953 (HRCB, ICN); R. Trevisan et
al. 224 (ICN). Reference: Trevisan & Boldrini
(2008).
17.10. E. brasiliensis Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 2:13.
1890. - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen. Note: the
type material of E. brasiliensis is from Queluz, state
of So Paulo, near the border to the state of Minas
Gerais border, but it has not been found in any
herbaria yet. New collections of that species are
necessary to confirm the validity of this taxon.
Reference: Svenson (1929).
17.11. E. braunii H.E. Hess, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. ges.
67:91. 1957. - Region: N.
Voucher: Braun 1927 (ZT, not seen). Notes :
according to the protologue this species is closely
related to E. amazonica C.B. Clarke.
17.12. E. capillacea Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:139. 1837. -
Syn.: Chaetocypeus capillaceus (Kunth) Nees -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: P. Dusn 2707
(R); L. Eiten & G. Eiten 1950 (SP); R. Harley et al.
27046 (CEPEC, K); A. Prata et al. 571 (SP); Vieira
983 (INPA, RB). Reference: Gil & Bove (2007).
17.13. E. chamaegyne L.T. Eiten, Phytologia 22:423.
1972. - Syn.: Chamaegyne pygmaea Sss.;
Eleocharis pygmeae (Sss.) L.T. Eiten. - Region:
N. Vouchers: P. Luetzelbug 21041 (UB); G. Prance
et al. 14472 (NY, INPA, K, S). Notes: known from a
few samples collected on the states of Amazonas
and Roraima. Related with E. alveolata Svenson
and E. minima Kunth because of the habit. The
surface of the achenes is strongly cancellate with
deep and wide-rectangular depressions. Reference:
Eiten (1970).
17.14. E. confervoides (Poir.) Miq., Fl. Neederl.
Indi 3:303. 1859. - Syn.: E. confervoides (Poir.) G.C.
Tucker; Rhynchospora ruppioides Benth.; Scirpus
confervoides Poir.; S. submersus C. Wright;
Websteria confervoides (Poir.) S. Hooper; W.
limnophila S.H. Wright; W. submersa (C. Wright)
Bitt.; W. submersa (C. Wright) Bitt. var. luetzelburgii
Sss.; W. submersa (C. Wright) Bitt. var. negrensis
Sss. - Regions: N, NE, SE (?), CO, S. Vouchers: R.
Moura 231 (JPB); J. Pires 6306 (MG, MO); R. Reitz
& R. Klein 353 (HBR, SI). Notes: submersed,
aquatic herb widely distributed but with few
specimens in the local herbaria. Recent molecular
studies have shown that Websteria should not be
placed apart of Eleocharis. Guaglianone et al. (2008)
cited this species under the name Websteria
confervoides (Poir.) Hooper. References: Eiten
(1976b).
17.15. E. contracta Maury, Mem. Soc. Phys.
Geneve 31:139. 1889. - Regions: CO (?), S. Voucher:
R. Trevisan et al. 288 (ICN). Notes: Gil & Bove
(2007) pointed the morphological variation
observed on specimens under this name. The
authors suggested that those specimens should
be cited as E. montana. Reference: Trevisan &
Boldrini (2008).
17.16. E. cylindrica Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia 14:10. 1862 [1863]. - Regions: CO (?), S
(?). Voucher: not seen. Notes: the occurrence of
this is species in Brazil is not confirmed yet, but
probably can be found along the south-western
border of the country. Reference: Guaglianone &
Ueno (1990).
17.17. E. debilis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:143. 1837. -
Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: C. Bove et al. 1079
(R); R. Klein 2154 (HBR); W. Thomas et al. 12748
(CEPEC, NY). Notes: this species often presents
amphycarpy as cited by Bruhl (1994). Reference:
Gil & Bove (2007).
17.18. E. dunensis Kk., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 12:94. 1913. - Region: S.
Voucher: I. Boldrini et al. 1282 (ICN, MO). Notes:
this species occurs in Rio Grande do Sul state, near
to Uruguay boundary. Reference: Trevisan &
Boldrini (2008).
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
21
17.19. E. eglerioides S. Gonzlez & Reznicek,
Novon 6:359. 1996. - Regions: N, NE. Vouchers: S.
Lolis et al. 5 (HTO, UFP); P. Luetzelburg 12528
(CEPEC, K). Notes: known from a few specimens
from the states of Tocantins and Bahia but possibly
also occurs along the border of Brazil. Reference:
Gonzlez-Elizondo & Reznicek (1998).
17.20. E. elegans (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst.
Veg. 2:150. 1817. - Syn.: Eleogenus nodulosus Nees;
Limnochloa constricta Nees; L. crassiculmis Nees.
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves
351-95 (UFP); J. Carvalho & M. Bona-Nascimento
466 (TEPB, UFP); G. Hatschbach 47629 (MBM);
Muniz et al. 229 (SP, UFP). Reference: Trevisan &
Boldrini (2008).
17.21. E. elongata Chapm., Fl. South U.S.:515. 1860.
- Regions: SE, S.
Vouchers: C. Bove et al. 752 (R, RB). Reference: Gil
& Bove (2007).
17.22. E. emarginata (Nees) Klotzch ex Boeck.,
Linnaea 36:443. 1870. - Region: unknown. Voucher:
not seen. Notes : The type specimen was not found
and the name is possibly related to E. loefgriana
Boeck.
17.23. E. aff. equisetoides (Elliott) Torr., Ann.
Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3:296. 1836. - Regions:
NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: C. Bove et al. 888 (R); A.
Faria 97-341 (UEC); V. Pott et al. 6692 (HMS,
ICN). Notes: Faria (1998) and Gil & Bove (2007)
pointed out that some characters found in the
specimens studied were aberrant for E. equisetoides
(Elliott) Torr. Actually, the specimens studied by
the authors belong to a new species that is being
described. E. equisetoides occurs in North America
(USA).
17.24. E. filiculmis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:144. 1837. -
Syn.: E. sulcata Nees ex Boeck.; Scirpidium
sulcatum Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1436 (HTO, UFP); C.
Lizidatti 23 (INPA, MBM, NY, SP); R. Reitz & R.
Klein 12378 (HBR). Notes: one of the most common
species of the genus in Brazil. Simpson (1988a)
reported E. filiculmis var. douradae D.A. Simpson
to State of Gois and Mato Grosso. E. sulcata Nees
ex Boeck. has been treated as a synonym of E.
filiculmis, however this relationship is not clear and
needs further studies. Reference: Trevisan &
Boldrini (2008).
17.25. E. flavescens (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4:116.
1903. - Syn.: E. flaccida (Rchb. ex Spreng.) Urb.
var. flaccida; E. flaccida (Rchb. ex Spreng.) Urb.
var. douradae D.A. Simpson; Eleogenus ocreatus
Nees - Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: L. Flix 1354
(JPB, UFP); M. Martins 664 (UFP, VIC); R. Reitz
5048 (HBR). Notes: often misidentified as E.
sellowiana Kunth. Gil & Bove (2007) cited this
species as widely distributed in Brazil. Reference:
Trevisan & Boldrini (2008).
17.26. E. geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg.
2:150. 1817. - Syn.: E. caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake;
Eleogenus capitatus (L.) Nees - Regions: N, NE,
CO, SE, S. Vouchers: D. Arajo et al. 464 (RB); M.
Martins 627 (VIC, UFP); V. Pott 2252 (CPAP); R.
Reitz & R. Klein 1493 (HBR, PACA). Notes: widely
distributed on wet soils.
17.27. E. glauca Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1871:150. 1871. -
Region: N. Voucher: R. Spruce 19275 (K, RB).
Notes: known from a single specimen from the state
of Par. Reference: Svenson (1937).
17.28. E. glaucovirens Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 1:13.
1888. - Regions: NE, CO, SE.
Vouchers: R. Harley et al.19850 (CEPEC, K); G.
Prance et al. 59206 (MO); V. Souza et al. 4284
(ESA, RB). Notes: the circumscription this species
is unclear and needs a review. Reference: Barros
(1960).
17.29. E. haumaniana Barros, Anales Mus. Nac.
Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 34:482. 1928. Region: N.
Voucher: A. Prata et al. 566 (SP). Notes: in Brazil
known from a single collection from the state of
Roraima. Reference: Prata (2002).
17.30. E. interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schul., Syst.
Veg. 2:149. 1817. - Syn.: Limnochloa articulata Lindl.
& Nees; L. obsoleta Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE,
S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 23824 (MBM); M.
Luceo 51b (UFP); M. Martins 747 (VIC, UFP); G.
Prance et al. 25024 (INPA, RB). Notes: used in
some places for making baskets and beach trapiche.
17.31. E. jelskiana Boeck., Linnaea 38:376. 1874. -
Regions: N (?), CO, S. Vouchers: F. Lindeman
(MBM). Notes: C. B. Clarke (1908) and Gonzlez-
Elizondo & Reznicek (1998) cited E. jelskiana Boeck.
as a possible synonym for E. mitrata (Griseb.) C.B.
22 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
Clarke. However, Svenson (1939) recognized it as a
valid species. Reference: Trevisan (2009).
17.32. E. kleinii Barros, Sellowia 18:49. 1966.
Region: S. Voucher: R. Trevisan & I. Boldrini 309
(ICN, MO, TAES). Notes: The specimens cited by
Trevisan & Boldrini (2005) as E. ochrostachys
Steud. from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and
Santa Catarina States are, actually E. kleinii Barros.
Reference: Trevisan et al. (2007b); Trevisan (2009).
17.33. E. laevigumis Trevisan & Boldrini, Novon
16:155. 2006. - Region: S.
Voucher: I. Boldrini et al. 1311 (ICN, K, MO).
Notes: aquatic herbs common in permanently
flooded environments, endemic to southern Brazil
in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do
Sul. Reference: Trevisan & Boldrini (2008).
17.34. E. laxiflora (Thw.) H. Pfeiff., Mitt. Inst. Allg.
Bot. Hamburg 7:169. 1928. - Region: SE. Voucher: A.
Faria et al. 97-428 (UEC). Notes: Faria (1998)
reported this species, which is found in Asia, for
the first time in Brazil. Govaerts et al. (2007) and
Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited this name under E.
ochrostachys Steud.
17.35. E. liesneri S. Gonzlez & Reznicek, Novon
6:361. 1996. - Regions: CO, SE.
Vouchers: V. Pott 6908 (CGMS, ICN); A. Usteri s.n.
(ZT). Notes: is similar with E. kleinii Barros and E.
obtusetrigona (Lindl. & Nees) Steud., and
distinguished characters are provided by Trevisan
et al. (2007). Reference: Rosen (2006).
17.36. E. loefgreniana Boeck., Cyper. Nov. 2:12.
1890. - Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: R. Trevisan
864 (ICN); R. Harley et al. 25305 (CEPEC, K,
MBM); V. Souza et al. 4168 (ESA). Notes: known
from few collections in the local herbaria. Reference:
17.37. E. maculosa (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Syst.
Veg. 2:154. 1817. - Syn.: Eleogenus schottianus Nees
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: R. Forzza
3695 (RB); R. Harley et al. 19807 (CEPEC, K); M.
Kirizawa 125 (SP); H. Longhi-Wagner & A. Arajo
2148 (ICN); M. Martins 680 (UFP, VIC). Notes:
widely distributed in marshy areas. Reference:
17.38. E. microcarpa Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist.
New York 3:312. 1836. - Region: SE. Voucher: A.
Usteri 14 (SP). Notes: this species, known from
North and Central America, for the first time was
reported to Brazil by Faria (1998).
17.39. E. minarum Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 2:12. 1890.
- Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: A. Brade 9951 (R); L.
Smith 8264 (R). Notes: known from few collections
in the local herbaria, and the circumscription is
unclear. Reference: Gil & Bove (2007).
17.40. E. minima Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:139. 1837. -
Syn.: Chaetocyperus polymorphus Lindl. & Nees;
C. viviparus Nees; Helonema estrellensis Sss. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Faria 96-
20 (UEC); C. Kozera et al. 2798 (ICN, MBM); M.
Luceo et al. EBNN655 (UFP); M. Martins 625
(UFP, VIC). Notes: Simpson (1988a) cited E. minima
Kunth var. tenuissima (Boeck.) D.A. Simpson to
the state of Bahia. Trevisan & Boldrini (2008) cited
E. minima Kunth var. minima to the states of
Roraima, Mato Grosso, Paraba, Pernambuco, Minas
Gerais, Esprito Santo, So Paulo, Santa Catarina
and Rio Grande do Sul. E. minima Kunth var.
bicolor (Chapm.) Svenson tambm est citada para
o Brasil (Faria 1998). E. minima presents a
significant morphological variability and needs to
be reviewed. There are several synonyms treated
under E. minima and all of them have to be carefully
studied.
17.41. E. montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst.
Veg. 2:155. 1817. - Syn.: E. nodulosa (Roth) Schult.
- Regions: N (?), NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Foetius
3586 (IPA); G. Hatschbach 24656 (MBM); J.
Lombardi et al. 1603 (BHCB, UFP); R. Mendona
395 (RB). Notes: in Brazil widely distributed on wet
soils. Reference: Trevisan & Boldrini (2008).
17.42. E. montevidensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:144.
1837. - Syn.: Limnochloa montevidensis Nees -
Regions: N, S. Vouchers: C. Lizidatti 21 (SP); H.
Longhi-Wagner & A. Arajo 2195 (ICN). Reference:
17.43. E. morroi D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull. 43:131.
1988. - Region: NE. Voucher: R. Harley et al. 22916
(K). Notes: restricted to the state of Bahia, known
from few collections. Reference: Simpson (1988a).
17.44. E. mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg.
2:155. 1817. - Syn.: Limnochloa mutata Nees -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves & P.
Gomes 75 (UFP); S. Martins 29238 (SP, UFP); R.
Trevisan et al. 745 (ICN). Notes: in Brazil widely
distributed on wetlands with organic deposits,
especially mangrove environments. Reference:
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
23
17.45. E. nana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:140. 1837. - Syn.:
Chaetocyperus punctatus Nees; Eleocharis
punctata Boeck. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: A. Faria 96-530 (UEC); R. Harley et al.
25922 (CEPEC, K); R. Klein 6536 (FLOR, HBR); P.
Maas & G. Martinelli 3206 (RB). Notes: often
misidentified in the local herbaria as E. minima
Kunth. Reference: Gil & Bove (2007).
17.46. E. niederleinii Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 1:13.
1888. - Region: S. Voucher: R. Trevisan et al. 291
(ICN). Notes: often misidentified in the local
herbaria and in Brazil is widely distributed in
Southern states. Reference: Trevisan (2009).
17.47. E. nigrescens (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:157.
1837. - Syn.: Scirpidium nigrescens Nees - Regions:
N, NE. Vouchers: M. Luceo et al. EBNN539 (UFP);
A. Prata et al. 589 (SP). Note: this species is widely
distributed in Africa and Central America. Reference:
Simpson (1988b).
17.48. E. nudipes (Kunth) Palla, Denkschr. Akad.
Wiss. Wien 79:171. 1908. - Syn.: Scirpidium grande
Nees - Regions: N (?), CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Faria
96-396 (UEC); G. Hatschbach 24837 (MBM, RB);
V. Pott & V. Pott 7970 (HMS); A. Vanzela 40 (UFP).
Notes: Faria (1998) cited this species as an
ornamental plant. Reference: Trevisan & Boldrini
(2008).
17.49. E. obpyriformis D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull.
48:705. 1993. - Region: NE. Voucher: R. Harley et al.
21514 (CEPEC, K). Notes: endemic to the state of
Bahia.
17.50. E. obtusetrigona (Lindl. & Nees) Steud.,
Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:80. 1855. - Syn: E. fistulosa (Poir.)
Link var. obtusetrigona (Lindl. & Nees) Barros;
Limnochloa obtusetrigona Lindl. & Nees - Regions:
NE (?), CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Arajo 259 (ICN);
A. Faria 97-410 (UEC); S. Lolis et al. 64 (HTO,
UFP). Notes: endemic species from wet soils in
Brazil. Barros (1960) cited E. fistulosa (Poir.) Link
var. obtusetrigona (Lindl. & Nees) Barros for
southern Brazil. References: Trevisan & Boldrini
(2008).
17.51. E. olivaceonux D.A. Simpson., Kew Bull.
48:705. 1993. - Region: NE. Voucher: R. Harley et al.
26575 (CEPEC, K, NY). Notes: restricted to the state
of Bahia, known from few collections.
17.52. E. pachystyla (C. Wright) C.B. Clarke, Symb.
Antill. 2:72. 1900. - Region: SE. Voucher: E. Pereira
4196 (RB). Notes: known from a single specimen in
the local herbaria. Reference: Gil & Bove (2007).
17.53. E. parodii Barros, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.
34:480. 1928. - Region: S. Voucher: I. Boldrini et al.
1283 (ICN). Notes: in Brazil is restricted to the state
of Rio Grande do Sul. Reference: Trevisan &
Boldrini (2008).
17.54. E. plicarhachis (Griseb.) Svenson, Rhodora
31:158. 1929. - Syn.: E. elata Boeck. - Regions: N,
NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: F. Hoehne & M. Kuhlmann
194 (SPF, UEC); F. Lindeman &Haas 886 (MBM);
R. Mendona et al. 581 (IBGE, RB); Pivari et al.
359 (HMS, ICN); A. Prata et al. 573 (SP). Reference:
Gil et al. 2008; Trevisan (2009).
17.55 E. quinquangularis Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 1:15.
1888. - Regions: CO, S. Voucher: K. Hagelund 7452
(ICN); V. Pott 3875 (HMS, ICN). Notes: Govaerts et
al. (2007) cited this name under E. emarginata
(Nees) Klotzsch ex Boeck. References: Barros
(1960); Trevisan (2009).
17.56. E. rabenii Boeck. Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Region: S. Voucher: R. Trevisan 130 (ICN). Notes:
known by few collections in local herbaria.
Reference: Trevisan & Boldrini (2008).
17.57. E. radicans (Poir.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:142.
1837. - Syn.: E. exigua (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. -
Regions: N, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Faria 96-138 (UEC);
K. Hagelund 1156 (ICN); G. Martinelli et al. 54
(RB). Notes: known from a few localities in Brazil. It
can be misidentified in some collections as E.
bonariensis Nees. Reference: Trevisan & Boldrini
(2008).
17.58. E. retroflexa (Poir.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:165.
1900. - Syn.: Chaetocyperus obtusatus Nees -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: C. Bove et al.
1649 (R); A. Carvalho et al. 6776 (CEPEC, K, NY);
A. Prata et al. 208 (UFRR). Reference: Svenson
(1937).
17.59. E. rugosa D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull. 42:900.
1987. - Region: NE. Voucher: M. Alves et al. 1851
(CEPEC, NY, SP). Notes: restricted to the state of
Bahia. Reference: Simpson (1995).
17.60. E. schenckii Boeck., Cyp. Nov. 2:13. 1890. -
Region: SE. Voucher: not seen. Notes : this name is
probably synonym of E. subarticulata (Nees)
Boeck.
24 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
17.61. E. sellowiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:149. 1837. -
Syn.: E. ramboi H.E. Hess; Eleogenus sellowianus
(Kunth) Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
C. Bove et al. 1326 (R); A. Faria 97-365 (UEC); G.
Hatschbach et al. 63793 (MBM); C. Kozera 2187
(ICN, MBM); M. Luceo et al. EBNN557 (UFP).
Notes: widely distributed in wet soil. Reference:
17.62. E. setifolia (A. Rich.) A. Raynal, Adansonia
7:318. 1967. - Region: NE. Voucher: A. Carvalho
224A (CEPEC, K). Reference: Simpson 1988b.
17.63. E. squamigera Svenson, Rhodora 35:389.
1934. - .Regions: N (?), SE, S. Vouchers: I. Boldrini
et al. 1233 (ICN); Faria 97-617 (UEC). Notes:
known from few collections in Brazil and probably
found on the Brazilian side of the Neblina Massif.
Reference: Trevisan & Boldrini (2008).
17.64. E. stenocarpa Svenson, Rhodora 31:205.
1929. - Region: SE. Voucher: A. Usteri s.n. (SP,
USNH). Notes: known from a single collection in
Brazil from the beginning of the last century, Faria
(1998) suggested that the species is probably
extinct.
17.65. E. subarticulata (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea
36:455. 1869-1870. - Syn.: Chaetocyperus
subarticulatus Nees.; Eleocharis widgrenii Boeck.
-Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: A. Arajo 425 (ICN); A.
Faria 97-227 (UEC). Notes: this is as an endemic
species to wet areas in Brazil. Reference: Trevisan
& Boldrini (2008).
17.66. E. subfoliata C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:22. 1908. - Regions: N, SE. Vouchers: D. Arajo
et al. 4469 (GUA, MO); R. Spruce s.n (G, K, NY, R).
Notes: a few specimens available at the local
herbaria. Reference: Svenson (1937).
17.67. E. tiarata Gmez-Laur., Monogr. Syst. Bot.
Missouri Bot. Gard. 92:505. 2003. Syn.: E. mitrata
(Griseb.) C.B. Clarke - Region: N. Voucher: R. Spruce
1289 (K). Notes: possibly occurs along the northern
Brazilian border. Reference: Svenson (1939).
17.68. E. urceolata (Liebm.) Svenson, Rhodora
39:219. 1937. - Region: SE. Voucher: A. Duarte s.n.
(B, SP). Notes: Faria (1998) cited this species, which
was known from Mexico, as the first record for
Brazil. Reference: Svenson (1937).
17.69. E. viridans Kk. ex Osten, Anales Mus. Hist.
Nat. Montevideo 3:175. 1931. Regions: CO (?), S.
Voucher: C. Kozera 2350 (ICN, MBM). Reference:
18. Everardia Ridl. ex Thurn. - Number of species:
3.
18.1. E. disticha T. Koyama & Maguire, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 12:25. 1965. -
Region: N. Voucher: N. Rosa 2246 (INPA, NY, MG).
Notes: a few collections are known from the
northern border of Brazil. Reference: Koyama (2003).
18.2. E. maguireana T. Koyama, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 18:23. 1969. - Region: N. Voucher: B.
Maguire et al. 60495 (MG, NY, US). Notes:
restricted to northern Brazil along the border with
Venezuela, known from few collections. Reference:
Koyama (2003).
18.3. E. montana Ridl. ex Thurn, Timehri 5:210. 1886.
- Region: N. Voucher: G. Prance et al. 29067 (MG,
MO, NY). Notes: Kearns (1998) and Koyama (2003)
cited under this taxon several subspecies. Four of
them occur on northern Brazil along the border with
Venezuela. The taxa are E. montana Ridl. ex Thurn
subsp. montana, E. montana subsp. glaucifolia
(Gilly) T. Koyama & Maguire, E. montana subsp.
guaiquinimae (Schnee) T. Koyama & Maguire, and
E. montana subsp. velutina T. Koyama.
19. Exochogyne C.B. Clarke - Number of species: 1.
19.1. E. amazonica C.B. Clarke, Verh. Bot. Verh. Bot.
Brandenb. 47:101. 1906. -Syn.: E. steyermarkii Gilly;
Lagenocarpus amazonicus (C.B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff. -
Regions: N, NE, CO. Vouchers: C. Ferreira 5803
(INPA, MO, RB); H. Irwin et al. 13496 (NY). Notes:
occuring mainly in the Amazon and upper Orinoco
river basins on sandy soil. Few collections are
found in the local herbaria. Koyama (2004) and
Govaerts et al. (2007) cited this species as
Lagenocarpus amazonicus (C.B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff.
20. Fimbristylis Vahl - Number of species: 15.
20.1. F. aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:288. 1805.
- Regions: N, CO. Vouchers: Bove et al. 608a (R);
A. Prata et al. 466a (SP, UFRR). Reference: Kral
(1998).
20.2. F. aspera (Schrad.) Boeck., Linnaea 37:29. 1873.
- Region: SE ( ?). Voucher: not seen. Notes: this
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
25
name is a possible synonym of B. jacobinae
(Steud.) Lindm.
20.3. F. autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg.
2:97. 1817. - Syn.: F. frankii Steud.; Trichelostylis
mucronulata Torrey - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 17-95 (UFP); G.
Hatschbach 3690 (MBM); V. Pott et al. 7397
(HMS); A. Prata et al. 447 (UFRR); P. Vinha 1387
(VIES). Notes: Barros (1960) cited a variety under
this taxon: F. autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var.
complanata (Retz.) Barros. However, it is now
considered a distinct species. Reference: Martins
et al. (1999).
20.4. F. complanata (Retz.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1:292.
1827. - Syn.: F. autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var.
complanata (Retz) Barros; Trichelostylis aspera
Nees; T. geminata Nees; T. rudgeana Nees -
2138 (CEPEC, NY, UFP); M. Barreto & A. Brade
14435 (RB); T. Koyama et al. 13769 (NY, SP, UFP);
D. Lima 71-6481 (IPA); A. Prata et al. 545 (INPA,
SP). Notes: widely distributed all over the country.
20.5. F. cymosa R. Br., Prodr.:228. 1810. - Syn.: F.
cymosa R. Br. var. spathacea (Roth) T. Koyama; F.
glomerata Nees; F. spathacea Roth. - Regions: N,
NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: H. Batista et al. 1815 (HRB, UFP); A.
Lobo et al. 173 (RB); M. Martins 722 (UFP, VIC);
A. Miranda et al. 844 (ALCB, PEUFR); C. Muniz et
al. 194 (SP). Notes: Barros (1960) cited this species
under the name Fimbristylis spathacea Roth.
20.6. F. dichotoma (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:287. 1805. -
Syn.: F. annua (All.) Roem. & Schult.; F. brizoides
Nees & Meyer; F. diphylla (Retz) Vahl.; F. limosa
Poepp. & Kunth - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1972 (CEPEC, SP, UFP);
G. Hatschbach 26164 (MBM); H. Leito-Filho et
al. 4886 (RB, UEC); V. Pott et al. 6944 (HMS).
20.7. F. dipsacea (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke in Hook.f., Fl.
Brit. Ind. 6:635. 1893. - Region: N. Voucher: J. Pires
15007 (IAN).Notes: in Brazil restricted to the limits
of the Amazon Forest. Reference: Kral (1971).
20.8. F. ferruginea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:291. 1805.
- Region: NE. Voucher: B. Pickel 124 (IPA). Notes:
in Brazil restricted to the Northeast. Reference: Kral
(1971).
20.9. F. glaucophylla (Boeck.) Beetle, Amer. Midl.
Naturalist 41:468. 1949. -
Region: unknown. Voucher: not seen. Notes : This
name is known only fron the type description.
20.10. F. glazioviana Boeck., All. Bot. Z. Syst. 2:77.
1896. - Region: unknown.
Voucher: A. Glaziou 20033 (P, not seen). Notes :
This name is known only fron the type description.
20.11. F. miliacea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:287. 1805. -
Syn.: F. littoralis Gaud. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1896 (CEPEC, UFP); H.
Boudet-Fernandes 1240 (MBML, UFP); A.
Miranda & L. Flix 1922 (PEUFR); A. Prata et al.
521 (INPA, MBM, NY, SP); D. Sucre 10211 (RB).
20.12. F. spadicea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:294. 1805. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 31971 (MBM); M.
Luceo & M. Guerra 193b (UFP); C. Muniz & M.
Wanderley 575 (SP); R. Reitz & R. Klein 1494
(HBR). Reference: Kral (1971).
20.13. F. squarrosa Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:289. 1805. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: D. Arajo
4046 (GUA, MO); M. Luceo et al. EBNN647
(TEPB, UFP); E. Pereira et al. 163 (RB); B. Rambo
1952 (ICN). Reference: Kral (1971).
20.14. F. vahlii (Lam.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1:287. 1827.
- Regions: N, NE, CO (?).
Vouchers: A. Ducke 15005 (MG, RB); S. Martins &
A. Alves-Arajo 90 (UFP). Reference: Kral (1971).
20.15. F. warmingii (Boeck.) Malme, Ark. Bot. 29:8.
1937. - Region: CO.
Voucher: G. Malme 2032a (S). Reference: Simpson
(1998).
21. Fuirena Rottb. - Number of species: 6.
21.1. F. incompleta Nees in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):107.
1842. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: L. Eiten
et al. 3017 (NY, UB); M. Hopkins et al. 867 (INPA,
MO); D. Lima 71-6478 (IPA); B. Rambo 45214
(ICN, SI); V. Souza et al. 4622 (ESA, RB). Notes:
Barros (1960) and Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited
for Southern Brazil F. incompleta Nees f. glabra
26 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
Maury and F. incompleta Nees f. incompleta.
Reference: Muniz (1987).
21.2. F. lainzii Luceo & M. Alves, Anales Jard.
Bot. Madrid 54(1):415. 1996. - Region: NE. Voucher:
D. Lima 71-6536 (IPA, UFP). Notes: known only
from the type specimens, endemic to northeastern
Brazil.
21.3. F. robusta Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:185. 1837. - Syn.:
F. bahiensis Lindl. & Nees ex Nees - Regions: N,
NE, CO (?), SE, S. Vouchers: M. Martins 725 (UFP,
VIC); G. Prance et al. 7164 (INPA, NY); R. Reitz &
R. Klein 449 (HBR). Reference: Martins et al. (1999).
21.4. F. simplex Vahl., Eclog. Amer. 2:8. 1798. -
Region: N. Voucher: B. Lowie et al. 33 (MO).
21.5. F. stricta Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 128. 1855.
- Region: SE. Voucher: L. Riedel 686 (K). Notes:
this is the first citation to Brazil. The species was
known only to Africa. It might be another case of
disjunction between both continents. It is related
to F. incompleta, but differing from it by narrower
and shorter leaves and also shape and color of its
scales.
21.6. F. umbellata Rottb., Desc. Ic. Rar. Pl.:70. 1773.
al. 2054 (ASE, CEPEC, MBM, NY, SI, SP, UFP); G.
Hatschbach 2236 (MBM); M. Martins 663 (UFP,
VIC); C. Poole et al. 2043 (NY, RB); N. Rosa 1516
(MG). Notes: several collections in local herbaria
are identified with this name. However, most of them
need to be reevaluated. Reference: Martins et al.
(1999).
22. Hypolytrum Rich. - Number of species: 28.
22.1. H. amorimii M. Alves & W.W. Thomas,
Brittonia 54(2):124. 2002. - Region: SE. Voucher: M.
Alves et al. 1943 (MBML, NY, SP, UFP). Notes:
endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest in the state of
Esprito Santo. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.2. H. amplum Poepp. & Kunth in Kunth, Enum.
Pl. 2:271. 1837. - Region: N.
Voucher: C. Ferreira 1286 (MG, MO, NY). Notes:
restricted to the Amazon Forest. Reference: Koyama
(1970).
22.3. H. bahiense M. Alves & W.W. Thomas,
Brittonia 54(2):126. 2002. - Region: NE. Voucher: W.
Thomas et al. 12183 (CEPEC, GENT, K, MEXU,
NY, SP, UFP). Notes: endemic to the Atlantic
Rainforest in the state of Bahia. Reference: Alves
(2003).
22.4. H. bullatum C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:51. 1908. - Syn.: Becquerelia bullata C.B. Clarke
ex H. Pfeiff. Region: NE. Voucher: M. Alves et al.
1866 (CEPEC, G, IAN, NY, SI, SP, UB, UFP). Notes:
endemic to the northern part of the Atlantic
Rainforest. References: Koyama (1970); Alves
(2003).
22.5. H. espiritosantense M. Alves & W.W.
Thomas, Feddes Repert. 113:263. 2002. - Region:
SE. Voucher: M. Alves et al. 1944 (MBML, NY).
Notes: endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest in the
state of Esprito Santo. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.6. H. glaziovii Boeck., Flora 63:438. 1880. -
Region: SE. Voucher: M. Alves et al. 1927 (GUA,
NY, SP, UFP). Notes: endemic to the Atlantic
Rainforest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. References:
Koyama (1970); Alves (2003).
22.7. H. glomerulatum M. Alves & W.W. Thomas,
Feddes Repert. 113:265. 2002. - Region: NE.
Voucher: W. Thomas et al. 12268 (CEPEC, K, NY).
state of Bahia. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.8. H. jardimii M. Alves & W.W. Thomas,
Brittonia 54(2):128. 2002. - Region: NE. Voucher: M.
Alves et al. 1960 (CEPEC, IAN, NY, SI, SP, UFP).
state of Bahia. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.9. H. jenmanii C.B. Clarke emend Uitten, Kew
Bull. Addit. Ser. 8:49. 1908. - Syn.: H. jenmanii C.B.
Clarke emend Uitten var. serratifolium Uitt. - Region:
N. Voucher: G. Prance et al. 1495 (GH, IAN, K, NY,
US). Notes: restricted to the Amazon Forest.
References: Koyama (1970); Alves (2003).
22.10. H. laxum Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:270. 1837. - Syn.:
H. caespitosum Nees - Region: N. Voucher: G.
Prance et al. 2965 (INPA, K, MG, MO, NY, R, US).
Notes: restricted to the Amazon Forest. References:
Koyama (1970); Alves (2003).
22.11. H. leptocalamum M. Alves & W.W. Thomas,
Brittonia 54(2):131. 2002. -Region: N. Voucher: L.
Coradin 890 (INPA, NY). Notes: widely distributed
in the northern part of the Amazon Forest.
Reference: Alves (2003).
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
27
22.12. H. longifolium (Rich.) Nees, Linnaea 9:288.
1834. - Syn.: H. fuscum Nees; H. irrigum Nees -
Regions: N, NE, CO. Vouchers: C. Farney 1932 (GH,
F, INPA, MG, NY, US). Notes: widely distributed in
the Amazon Forest. Koyama (1970) accepted the
following subspecies under this name: H.
longifolium (Rich.) Nees subsp. nicaraguense
(Liebm.) T. Koyama, H. longifolium (Rich.) Nees
subsp. rubescens (C.B. Clarke) T. Koyama, and H.
longifolium (Rich.) Nees subsp. sylvaticum (Kunth)
T. Koyama. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.13. H. lucennoi M. Alves & W.W. Thomas,
Feddes Repert. 113:227. 2002. - Region: NE.
Voucher: M. Alves et al. 1964 (CEPEC, NY, SP).
Notes: known from a single locality in the Atlantic
Rainforest of southern Bahia. Reference: Alves
(2003).
22.14. H. nicaraguense Liebm., Dansk. Vidensk.
Selsk. Skr. 5(2):235. 1871. - Syn.: H. longifolium
(Rich.) Nees subsp. nicaraguense (Liebm.) T.
Koyama - Region: N.
Voucher: D. Austin et al. 7304 (INPA, MG, NY, US).
Notes: widely distributed from Central America to
the northern part of the Amazon Forest. Koyama
(1970) cited this name as one of subspecies of H.
longifolium (Rich.) Nees. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.15. H. nudum C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:49. 1908. - Region: N.
Voucher: R. Fres 28154 (IAN, UB). Notes: widely
distributed in the northern Amazon Forest.
22.16. H. pallidiceps S. Hooper & T. Koyama, Bot.
Mag. Tokyo 97:413. 1984. - Region: N (?). Voucher:
T. Henkel et al. 1246 (NY, US). Notes: probably
occurs along the northern border between Brazil
and Venezuela. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.17. H. paraense M. Alves & W.W. Thomas,
Brittonia 54:133. 2002. - Region: N. Voucher: Silva
et al. AS32 (INPA, K, MG, NY, RB, US). Notes: known
from a single area in the Serra dos Carajs, state
of Par. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.18. H. pulchrum (Rudge) H. Pfeiff., Bot. Arch.
12:450. 1925. - Syn.: H. pungens Vahl - Regions: N,
NE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2037 (CEPEC, HRB,
IAN, NY, SI, SP, UB, UFP); S. Mori 17296 (HAMAB,
MG, NY, US). Notes: distributed in areas with sandy
and seasonally wet soils. References: Koyama
(1970); Alves (2003).
22.19. H. rigens Nees in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):67.
1842. - Regions: NE, CO, SE. Voucher: M. Alves et
al. 1836 (CEPEC, IAN, NY, SI, SP, UB, UFP); R.
Forzza et al. 1560 (F, SP, UFP); G. Hatschbach
42857 (C, G, MBM, NY, SP). Notes: restricted to
Brazil in cerrado vegetation. Koyama (1970) cited
some collections of this species under the taxon H.
pulchrum (Rudge) H. Pfeiff. Reference: Alves (2003).
22.20. H. rubescens C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:50. 1908. - Syn.: H. longifolium (Rich.) Nees
subsp. rubescens (C.B. Clarke) T. Koyama - Region:
N.
Voucher: C. Ferreira et al. 1840 (INPA, MG, NY, RB,
US). Notes: widely distributed in the northern
Amazon Forest. Koyama (1970) cited this name as
one of subspecies of H. longifolium (Rich.) Nees.
22.21. H. schraderianum Nees in Mart., Fl. bras.
2(1):65. 1842. - Syn.: H. macrophyllum Boeck., H.
microstachyum Boeck. Regions: N, NE, SE, S.
Voucher: M. Alves & A. Amorim 1696 (IAN, INPA,
NY, SP, UFP); M. Alves et al. 2751 (FLOR, HBR,
NY, UFP); A. Amorim et al. 3556 (CEPEC, NY, SP);
D. Arajo et al. 1098 (GUA, NY). Notes: widely
distributed in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforests.
22.22. H. sphaerostachyum Boeck., Vidensk.
Meddel. Nat. Poren. Kjobenhavn 1871:155. 1871. -
Region: N. Voucher: D. Daly et al. 1324 (F, GH,
HRB, MICH, NY, MG, US).
Koyama (1970); Alves (2003).
22.23. H. spongiosum T. Koyama, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 17(1):76. 1967. - Region: N. Voucher: G.
Prance et al. 5326 (INPA, K, R). Notes: restricted
to the Amazon Forest. References: Koyama (1970);
Alves (2003).
22.24. H. stemonifolium T. Koyama, Jap. J. Bot.
20(2):129. 1969. - Region: N. Voucher: G. Sousa 434
(INPA, NY, SP, UFP). Notes: restricted to the Amazon
Forest. References: Koyama (1970); Alves (2003).
22.25. H. strictum Poepp. & Kunth in Kunth,
Enum. Pl. 2:270. 1837. - Region: N. Voucher: L. Eiten
et al. 5325 (K, MO, NY, SP, UB). Notes: restricted
to the western part of the Amazon Forest.
22.26. H. supervacuum C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:50. 1908. - Region: N. Voucher: G.
28 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
Martinelli et al. 7291 (INPA, NY, RB). Notes:
restricted to the Amazon Forest. References: Koyama
(1970); Alves (2003).
22.27. H. sylvaticum Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:270. 1837. -
Syn.: H. punctatum Nees; H. longifolium (Rich.)
Nees subsp. sylvaticum (Kunth) T. Koyama - Region:
N. Voucher: G. Prance et al. 3516 (F, INPA, K, M,
MO, NY, R, US). Notes: restricted to the Amazon
Forest. Koyama (1970) cited this name as one of
subspecies of H. longifolium (Rich.) Nees.
22.28. H. verticillatum T. Koyama, Darwiniana
16:75-76. 1970. - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves
et al. 1916 (NY, UFP, VIES); L. Guedes et al. 2961
(ALCB, SPF). Notes: endemic to the Atlantic
Rainforest from southern Bahia to northern Rio de
Janeiro. Reference: Martins et al. (1999).
23. Isolepis R. Br. - Number of species: 3.
23.1. I. cernua (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg.
2:106. 1817. - Syn.: Scirpus cernuus Vahl - Region:
S. Voucher: R. Reitz & R. Klein 119 (HBR). Notes:
Barros (1960) cited this species under the name S.
cernuus Vahl. Muasya & Simpson (2002) cited five
varieties under this name, however only I. cernua
(Vahl) Roem. & Schult. var. cernua occurs in Brazil.
23.2. I. nigricans Kunth in Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp.
1:220. 1815. - Region: S (?). Voucher: not seen. Notes:
possibly occurs in the mountains of southern Brazil.
Muasya & Simpson (2002) cited the taxon for high
altitude areas (1000-4000 m) in Central and South
America.
23.3. I. varians Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:94. 1855. -
Region: S (?). Voucher: not seen. Notes: possibly
occurs in the mountains of southern Brazil. Muasya
& Simpson (2002) cited the taxon for 700-1200 m
altitude areas in Argentina and Chile.
24. Koyamaea W.W. Thomas & G. Davidse - Number
of species: 1.
24.1. K. neblinensis W.W. Thomas & Davidse, Syst.
Bot. 14(2):189. 1989. - Region: N. Voucher: M.
Cordeiro 310 (IAN). Notes: known from a few
specimens from the type locality at Neblina Massif
on the border between Brazil and Venezuela.
Reference: Kearns (1998).
25. Kyllinga Rottb. - Number of species: 7.
25.1. K. brevifolia Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl. 13.
1773. - Syn.: Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.;
Kyllinga cruciformis Schrad. ex Schult. - Regions: N,
NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: S. Martins et al. 95 (UFP);
S. Mori et al. 9254 (CEPEC, NY); A. Prata et al. 182
(UFP). Notes: widely distributed and common in
disturbed areas. Reference: Trevisan et al. (2007a).
25.2. K. nemoralis (J.R. Forster & G. Forster) Dandy
ex Hutchinson & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2:487.
1936. - Syn.: K. monocephala Rottb. - Regions: N
(?), NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: L. Eiten & G. Eiten
3594 (MO, UB); A. Mendes & M. Alves 12 (UFP);
L. Smith & R. Klein 13738 (HBR, SI). Notes: widely
distributed and common in disturbed areas.
References: Tucker (1984); Luceo et al. (1997).
25.3. K. odorata Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:382. 1805. - Syn.:
Cyperus sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kk.; C.
sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kk. f. bulbiferus Kk.;
C. sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kk. f. gracilis
(Boeck.) Kk.; Kyllinga martiana Schrad ex Nees;
K. sesquiflora Torr. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2195 (HTO, NY, SP, UFP);
S. Martins et al. 122 (UFP); A. Prata et al. 505
(SP); V. Souza et al. 2338 (ESA, RB). Notes: widely
distributed and common in disturbed areas. Arajo
et al. (2007) cited K. odorata Vahl var. cylindrica
(Nees ex Wright) T. Koyama to the states of Bahia
and Pernambuco. Reference: Trevisan et al. (2007a).
25.4. K. pumila Michx., Fl. bor-amer. 1:28. 1803. -
Syn.: Cyperus densicaespitosus Mattf. & Kk.; C.
densicaespitosus Mattf. & Kk. var. major (Nees)
Kk.; Kyllinga caespitosa Nees; K. laxa Schrad.
ex Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A.
Mendes & M. Alves 13-95 (UFP); S. Mori et al.
10721 (CEPEC, NY); A. Prata et al. 445 (UFP); L.
Smith & R. Reitz 6168 (HBR, NY). Notes: widely
distributed and common in disturbed areas.
Reference: Trevisan et al. (2007a).
25.5. K. squamulata Thonn ex Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:381.
1805. - Regions: N (?), NE, SE (?). Voucher: M. Alves
et al. 2102 (CEPEC, MAC, NY, SP, UFP). Notes:
widely distributed and common in disturbed areas.
Reference: Luceo et al. (1997).
25.6. K. tibialis Ledeb., Diss. Bot. Pl. Doming. 6.
1805. - Syn.: Cyperus peruvianus (Lam.) F.N.
Williams var. foliatus (Kk.) Kk. - Region: NE (?).
Voucher: not seen. Notes: this taxon is cited by
Adams (1994) as occuring in Brazil. However, no
specimens have been studied from Brazil yet.
25.7. K. vaginata Lam., Encycl. 1:148. 1791. - Syn.:
Cyperus obtusatus (J.S. Presl. & C. Presl.) Mattf. &
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
29
Kk.; C. obtusatus (J.S. Presl. & C. Presl.) Mattf. &
Kk var. cylindrostachyus (Boeck.) Kk.; C.
obtusatus (J.S. Presl. & C. Presl.) Mattf. & Kk var.
tenuis (Boeck.) Kk.; Kyllinga obtusata Presl.; K.
peruviana Lam.; K. pungens Link; K. rigida Baldw.;
K. stricta Schrad. ex Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE,
S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2048 (CEPEC, UFP); H.
Longhi-Wagner & S. Miotto 2545 (ICN); M. Martins
755 (VIC); L. Pessoni et al. 119 (UFRR). Notes:
widely distributed and common in humid and
disturbed areas. Reference: Trevisan et al. (2007a).
26. Lagenocarpus Nees - Number of species: 16.
26.1. L. adamantinus Schrad. ex Nees in Mart., Fl.
Bras. 2(1):165. 1842. - Syn: Cryptangium tristis A.
St.-Hil. - Region: SE. Voucher: F. Vitta 619 (UEC).
Notes: endemic from the Diamantina Plateau in the
Espinhao Range, Minas Gerais state. Name under
discussion. References: Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
26.2. L. albo-niger (St. Hil.) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:64. 1908. - Syn.: Cryptangium insigne
Boeck.; Lagenocarpus insignis (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff. -
Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: R. Harley et al. 19663
(CEPEC, K, NY, UEC); S. Mayo et al. CFSC 7061
(K, NY, SPF). Notes: occurring disjunctly in the
Serra do Cip, state of Minas Gerais and Chapada
Diamantina, Bahia. References: Koyama (2004); Vitta
(2005).
26.3. L. bracteosus C.B. Clarke, Repert. Sp. Nov.
Regni Veg. 2:145. 1906. -Syn.: L. adamantinus
Schrad. ex Nees var. bracteosus (C.B. Clarke) H.
Pfeiff.; L. ciponensis H. Pfeiff. - Region: SE. Voucher:
F. Vitta & V. Souza CFSC 11745 (SPF, UEC). Notes:
endemic to the Serra do Cip in the Espinhao
range in the state of Minas Gerais. References:
Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
26.4. L. celiae T. Koyama & Maguire, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 12(3):46. 1965. - Region: N. Voucher:
G. Prance et al. 29682 (F, INPA, K, MG, NY, SP).
Notes: occurring in the Amazon basin and Guayana
highlands. References: Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
26.5. L. eriopodus T. Koyama & Maguire, Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 12(3):47. 1965. - Region: N.
Voucher: O. Huber et al.10747 (K, NY). Notes:
distributed in Venezuela and Brazil in northern Amazonas
state. References: Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
26.6. L. glomerulatus Gilly, Fieldiana Bot. 28(1):57.
1951. - Region: N.
Voucher: C. Viana et al. 3067 (INPA, UFP). Notes:
occuring in the Amazon and upper Orinoco river
basins on sandy soils. References: Koyama (2004);
Vitta (2005).
26.7. L. griseus (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff., Ber. Deutsch.
Bot. Ges. 39:131. 1921. - Syn.: Cryptangium griseum
Boeck. - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: R. Harley et
al. 27530 (CEPEC, K, SPF, UEC); F. Vitta 735
(UEC). Notes: occuring in the Serra do Cip, state
of Minas Gerais and disjunctly in the Chapada
Diamantina, state of Bahia. References: Koyama
(2004); Vitta (2005).
26.8. L. guianensis Lindley ex Nees, Linnaea 9:304.
1834. - Regions: N, NE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al.
2040 (CEPEC, NY, SI, SP, UFP); G. Prance et al.
29461 (INPA, NY). Notes: usually occurring in
flooded campinaranas in the Amazon basin and
disjunctly in the Brazilian Northeast in coastal
vegetation. L. guianensis subsp. hypochaetus T.
Koyama (Koyama (2004)) is a synonym of L.
sabanensis Gilly. Reference: Vitta (2005).
26.9. L. inversus C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:64. 1908. - Syn.: L. compactus D.A. Simpson -
Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: S. Mori 14149 (CEPEC,
K, NY, RB); F. Vitta 374 (UEC). Notes: occurring in
the Serra do Cip, Minas Gerais state and
disjunctly in Bahia state in the Chapada
Diamantina and in the coastal zone. References:
Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
26.10. L. pendulus T. Koyama, Mem. New York Bot.
Gard. 12(3):44. 1965. -Region: N. Voucher: not seen.
Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
26.11. L. rigidus Nees in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):167.
1842. - Syn.: L. martii Nees; L. pauolensis Palla; L.
pedicellatus C.B. Clarke; L. rigidus (Kunth) Nees
subsp. tremulus (Nees) T. Koyama & Maguire; L.
topazinus Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2095 (MAC, UFP); T.
Koyama et al. 13854 (NY, SP); G. Prance 29587
(INPA, NY); F. Vitta & V. Souza CFSC 11782 (SPF,
UEC). Notes: widely distributed in brazilian
mountain chains and coastal zone especially in
sandy and humid areas. Koyama (2004) included
under this taxon two subspecies Lagenocarpus
rigidus subsp. rigidus and Lagenocarpus rigidus
Nees subsp. tenuifolius (Boeck.) T. Koyama &
Maguire, the last being considered as a distinct
species by Vitta (2005). Reference: Martins et al.
(1999).
30 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
26.12. L. sabanensis Gilly, Fieldiana, Bot. 28(1):57.
1951. - Syn.: L. guianensis Lindley ex Nees f.
gracilior H. Pfeiff.; L. guianensis Lindley ex Nees
subsp. hypochaetus T. Koyama & Maguire -
Regions: N, CO. Vouchers: D. Daly et al. 956 (F,
INPA, MG, NY); G. Prance et al. 28891 (F, K, INPA,
MG, MO, NY). Notes: in Brazil most populations
growing in campinarana vegetation in the Negro
and Branco river basins and disjunctly in some
areas of Amazon basin. References: Koyama (2004);
Vitta (2005).
26.13. L. subaphyllus T. Koyama, Brittonia 24(3):
279. 1972. - Region: SE.
Voucher: A. Brade 19827 (K, NY, RB, UEC). Notes:
endemic from Esprito Santo state on granite
outcrops. Name under discussion. References:
Koyama (2004). Vitta (2005) cited this name under
Cryptangium.
26.14. L. tenuifolius (Boeck.) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:64. 1908. -Syn.: L. rigidus (Kunth) Nees
subsp. tenuifolius (Boeck.) T. Koyama & Maguire
- Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach
et al. 60279 (MBM); L. Riedel 944 (B); V. Souza &
F. Vitta CFSC 11781 (SPF, UEC); W. Thomas & J.
Jardim 11116 (CEPEC, NY). Notes: occurring in the
Chapada dos Veadeiros, state of Gois and in the
Espinhao Range, Minas Gerais and Bahia states.
26.15. L. velutinus Nees in Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):166.
1842. - Syn.: L. sericeus Boeck. ex H. Pfeiff; L.
vestitus C. B. Clarke - Region: SE. Voucher: H. Leito
Filho et al. 9762 (UEC). Notes: forming disjunct
populations in the Espinhao Range in Minas Gerais
state. References: Koyama (2004); Vitta (2005).
26.16. L. verticillatus (Spreng.) T. Koyama &
Maguire, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 49. 1965. -
Syn.: Cryptangium parvulum C.B.Clarke; C.
uliginosum Schrad. ex Nees; Lagenocarpus
parvulus (C.B.Clarke) H. Pfeiff.; L. uliginosum
(Schrad. ex Nees) Kunth - Regions: N, NE, SE.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2061 (ASE, NY, SP, UFP),
R. Harley et al. 19588 (CEPEC, K, NY, UEC); F.
Vitta 544 (SPF, UEC). Notes: widespread and found
up to 1800 m. In Brazil is common in some areas of
restinga (coastal dune vegetation) from the state
of Espirito Santo to Bahia and on sandy soils of
southeastern and central mountain ranges and
lowland Amazon. References: Koyama (2004); Vitta
(2005).
27. Lipocarpha R. Br. - Number of species: 4.
27.1. L. humboldtiana Nees, Linnaea 9:287. 1834. -
Syn.: Cyperus sellowianus (Kunth) T. Koyama;
Lipocarpha glomerata Nees; L. sellowiana Kunth
al. 2119 (NY, SPF, UFP); G. Hatschbach 25164 (C,
K, MBM, MO, US, Z); V. Pott & Lima 5609 (HMS);
R. Rosa 3070 (MG). Notes: cespitose herbs with
high potential as an ornamental plant. Reference:
Goetghebeur & Borre (1989).
27.2. L. maculata (Michx.) Torr., Ann. Lyceum Nat.
Hist. New York 3:288-289. 1836. - Syn.: Kyllinga
maculata Michx.; Lipocarpha gracilis Nees; L.
mexicana Liebm.; L. sphacelata (Vahl) Kunth -
Regions: N, CO, SE. Vouchers: L. Eiten 1942 (G,
UB, US); H. Irwin et al. 24268 (NY, UPS); T.
Pedersen 12180 (C, L). Notes: known from few
specimens in Brazil. Goetghebeur & Borre (1989)
recognized L. mexicana Liebm. as distinct from L.
maculata (Michx.) Torr., making the former
restricted to North America.
27.3. L. micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker, J. Arnold Arbor.
68:410. 1987. - Syn.: Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl)
Pax; H. subsquarrosa (Muhll.) Nees; Scirpus
micranthus Vahl - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 128 (HTO, UFP); S.
Martins & M. Alves 188 (UFP). Notes: widely
distributed in wet and sometimes disturbed areas.
Reference: Goetghebeur & Borre (1989).
27.4. L. salzmanniana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:219. 1855. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
M. Alves et al. 2103 (SP, MAC, UFP); H. Irwin et
al. 15164 (UB); E. Pereira 1749 (RB); A. Prata et
al. 464 (SP). Reference: Goetghebeur & Borre
(1989).
28. Machaerina Vahl - Number of species: 3.
28.1. M. austrobrasiliensis M.T. Strong, Novon
7(3):317. 1997. - Region: S.
Voucher: R. Reitz & R. Klein 7165 (HBR, NY, US). Notes:
species from high altitudes and swamps, endemic
to southern Brazil. Reference: Strong (1997).
28.2. M. ensifolia (Boeck.) T. Koyama, Bot. Mag.
(Tokyo) 69:63. 1956. - Syn.: Cladium ensifolium
(Boeck.) Benth. - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: J. Pirani
et al. 1382 (RB, SPF); L. Smith & R. Klein 8570
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
31
(HBR, NY, R, US). Notes: species endemic from high
altitudes and swamps in the south-southeaster
Brazil. Reference: Strong (1997).
28.3. M. ficticia (Hemsley) T. Koyama, Bot. Mag.
(Tokyo) 69:63. 1956. - Syn.: Cladium ficticium
Hemsley; Machaerina macrophylla (Boeck.) T.
Koyama; M. scirpoidea (Steud.) T. Koyama var.
ficticia (Hemsey) T. Koyama - Regions: SE, S.
Voucher: M. Emmerich 136 (R); R. Reitz 2419 (HBR,
SI). Notes: species from high altitudes and swamps,
endemic to the border between the states of Minas
Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. Reference: Strong (1997).
29. Mapania Aubl. - Number of species: 12.
29.1. M. effusa (C.B. Clarke) T. Koyama, J. Fac. Sci.
Univ. Tokyo, sect. 3, Bot. 8(3):68. 1961. - Syn.:
Mapaniopsis effusa C.B. Clarke - Region: N.
Voucher: H. Lima et al. 3332 (RB). Notes: endemic
to the Amazon Forest. Reference: Simpson (1992).
29.2. M. imeriensis (R. Gross) T. Koyama, Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 17(1):56. 1967. - Syn.:
Hypolytrum imeriense R. Gross - Region: N (?).
Voucher: not seen. Notes: occurrence not yet
confirmed, but probably along the border between
Brazil and Venezuela. Reference: Simpson (1992).
29.3. M. macrophylla (Boeck) H.Pfeiff., Bot. Archiv
12:449. 1925. - Syn.: M. schomburgkii C.B. Clarke -
Region: N. Voucher: H. Irwin et al. 47525 (B, F, K,
M, NY, US). Notes: endemic to the Amazon Forest,
in Brazil known from the northern part of the states
of Par and Amap. Reference: Simpson (1992).
29.4. M. maguireana T. Koyama & Steyermark,
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17:65. 1967. - Region: N.
Voucher: B. Maguire et al. 60545 (NY). Notes:
endemic to the Amazon Forest, in Brazil known from
a few collections from northern Amazonas at the
Neblina Massif. Reference: Simpson (1992).
29.5. M. micrococca (T. Koyama) D.A. Simpson,
Kew Bull. 51:737. 1996. - Syn.: Mapaniopsis
micrococca T. Koyama - Region: N. Voucher: C.
Viana et al. 3118 (INPA, UFP). Notes: endemic to
the Amazon Forest, known from a few specimens
from Roraima Range on the border of Brazil,
Venezuela and Guyana and grass fields on the state
of Amazonas. Here is the first record of the species
to Brazil. Reference: Simpson (1998).
29.6. M. neblina D.A. Simpson, Revis. Gen.
Mapania:159. 1992. - Region: N. Voucher: not seen.
Notes: endemic to the Amazon Forest, known from
the type specimen collected on the Neblina Massif.
29.7. M. pedunculata D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull.
51:732. 1996. - Region: N. Voucher: H. Lima et al.
3332 (RB). Notes: endemic to the Amazon Forest,
with a few specimens available on the local herbaria.
29.8. M. pycnocephala (Benth.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 15:512. 1877. - Syn.: M. fluviatilis Sandwith -
Region: N. Voucher: J. Ribeiro 1659 (MG, NY, UPS).
Notes: endemic to the Amazon Forest. Simpson
(1992) cited two varieties under this name: M.
pycnocephala (Benth.) Benth. var. pycnocephala
(not reported for Brazil) and M. pycnocephala var.
fluviatilis (Sandwith) T. Koyama, which is known
to the states of Amap, Par and Amazonas.
29.9. M. pycnostachya (Benth.) T. Koyama, Mem.
New York Bot. Gard. 17(1):61. 1967. - Syn.: Diplasia
pycnostachya Benth. - Region: N. Voucher: G.
Prance et al. 14744 (F, INPA, K, MG, NY, U, US).
Notes: endemic to the Amazon Forest, in Brazil
restricted to the state of Amazonas. Reference:
Simpson (2006).
29.10. M. sylvatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane Fr. 1:47.
1775. - Region: N. Voucher: M. Alves et al. 2340
(INPA, UFP). Notes: endemic to the Amazon Forest,
in Brazil restricted to the state of Amazonas.
Simpson (1992) cited two varieties under this name,
however only M. sylvatica Aubl. subsp. sylvatica
occurs in the Neotropical region. Reference:
Simpson (2006).
29.11. M. tepuiana (Steyerm.) T. Koyama, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 17(1):54. 1967. - Region: N. Voucher:
H. Lima et al. 3332 (MO, NY, RB). Notes: endemic
to the Amazon Forest, in Brazil restricted to the
state of Amazonas. Reference: Simpson (1998).
29.12. M. theobromina D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull.
51:728. 1996. - Region: N. Voucher: H. Lima et al.
3332 (NY, RB). Notes: endemic to the Amazon
Forest, in Brazil restricted to the state of Amazonas.
Mariscus alopecuroides Steud. [no records are
available, cited as a doubt name by Kkenthal (1956)
and Govaerts et al. (2007)].
32 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
30. Oreobolus R. Br. - Number of species:1.
30.1. O. goeppingeri Suess., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
72:289. 1942. - Syn.: O. obtusangulus Gaudich.
subsp. rubrovaginatus (Kuk.) T. Koyama - Regions:
N, NE. Voucher: B. Maguire et al. 60540 (NY); G.
Martinelli et al. 11131 (RB). Notes: occurs along the
Brazilian border at the Neblina Massif and sand
dunes in the state of Bahia. Reference: Kearns (1998).
31. Oxycaryum Nees - Number of species: 1.
31.1. O. cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye, Bot. Not.
124:281. 1971. - Syn.: Blepharolepis leucoblepharis
Nees; Oxycaryum schomburgkianum Nees;
Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth - Regions: N,
NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: K. Leite et al. 475 (HUEFS,
UFP); S. Lolis et al. 39 (HTO); M. Luceo et al.
EBNN 704 (TEPB, UFP). Notes: widely distributed
on wet areas. Barros (1960) cited two varieties under
Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth: Scirpus
cubensis Poepp. & Kunth var. gracilis (Boeck.)
Beetle and Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth var.
paraguayensis (Maury) Kk. Reference: Luceo
et al. (1997).
32. Pleurostachys Brongn. - Number of species:
21. Notes: Thomas & Alves (2008) suggested 5 new
species to science not yet described along the
Atlantic Forest.
32.1. P. angustifolia Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 2:19. 1890.
- Region: SE.
Voucher: D. Sucre 3473 (NY, RB). Notes: known
only from montane forests in the state of Rio de
Janeiro. Reference: Kkenthal (1952).
32.2. P. beyrichii (Nees) Steud., Syn. Cyp.
Glumac.:139. 1855. - Syn.: P. beyrichii (Nees) Steud.
var. panicoides H. Pfeiff.; P. panicoides (H. Pfeiff.)
H. Pfeiff.; P. paniculata Boeck. - Regions: SE, S.
Vouchers: Andrade et al. 328 (BHCB, UFP); H.
Fernandes 1434 (MBML). Notes: found in montane
forests. Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited P. beyrichii
(Nees) Steud. and P. beyrichii var. panicoides H.
Pfeiff. to southern Brazil. Reference: Barros (1960).
32.3. P. bracteolata C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:41. 1908. - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen.
Notes: known only from the immature type specimen
collected by Miers in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Clarke (1908) states that it could be a Rhynchospora
similar to R. polyphylla. Reference: Kkenthal
(1952).
32.4. P. distichophylla (Boeck.) C.B. Clarke, Kew
Bull. Addit. Ser. 8:42. 1908. - Syn.: P. densifoliolata
H. Pfeiff.; Rhynchospora distichophylla Boeck. -
Region: SE, S. Vouchers: G. Martinelli 10116 (K,
NY, RB); R. Reitz 4524 (HBR). Notes: endemic to
the Atlantic Rainforest from the state of Rio de
Janeiro to Paran. Reference: Barros (1960).
32.5. P. douglasii C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:41. 1908. - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen. Notes:
known only from the type specimen collected in
the state of Rio de Janeiro. The specimen has not
yet been found. Reference: Kkenthal (1952).
32.6. P. extenuata (Nees) Steud., Syn. Cyp.
Glumac.:139. 1855. - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen.
Notes: known only from the type specimen collected
in the state of Rio de Janeiro. References: Kkenthal
(1952); Govaerts et al. (2007).
32.7. P. foliosa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:284. 1837. - Syn.:
P. arrojadii H. Pfeiff.; P. cimaensis H. Pfeiff.; P.
loefgrenii (Boeck.) T. Koyama; P. longa Lindm.; P.
pauloensis Palla; P. sellowii Kunth - Regions: NE,
SE, S. Vouchers: D. Folli 4483 (CVRD, UFP); G.
Hatschbach 25376 (HB, K, MBM). Notes: endemic
to the Atlantic Rainforest from southern Bahia to
Santa Catarina states. Reference: Muniz (2001).
32.8. P. gaudichaudii Brongn. in Duperr., Voy. Coq.
Bot.:174. 1829. - Syn.: P. gaudichaudii Brongn. f.
minor Nees; P. gracilis C.B. Clarke; P. polygonatum
Palla; P. undulatifolia R. Gross - Regions: NE, SE,
S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2351 (MBML, SP); S.
Mori et al. 9310 (CEPEC, K); L. Smith & R. Klein
7544 (HBR, NY, R). Notes: endemic to the Atlantic
Rainforest from southern Bahia to Santa Catarina
states. Reference: Muniz (2001).
32.9. P. geraldina R.C. Davie, J. Bot. 4:222. 1917. -
Region: SE. Voucher: not seen. Notes: known only
from the type specimen collected in the state of
So Paulo. The specimen has not yet been found.
32.10. P. graminifolia Brongn. in Duperr., Voy. Coq.
Bot.:174. 1829. - Syn.: P. schottmuelleri (Boeck.)
Kk.; Rhynchospora schottmuelleri Boeck. -
Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1746
(CEPEC, NY, SP, SI, SPF); D. Falkenberg 4463
(FLOR). Notes: endemic to the southern Atlantic
Rainforest from the state of Rio de Janeiro to the
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
33
state of Santa Catarina. Guaglianone et al. 2008 cited
P. graminifolia Brongn. var. gracilis (Boeck.) Kk.
& R. Gross to Southern Brazil. Reference: Kkenthal
(1952).
32.11. P. longiradiata Palla, Denkschr. Math. Nat.
Kl. Akad. Wien 79:190. 1908. - Region: SE. Voucher:
not seen. Notes: known only from the type specimen
collected by Wettstein & Schiffner probably in the
state of So Paulo. The specimen has not yet been
found. Reference: Kkenthal (1952).
32.12. P. macrantha Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:286. 1837. -
Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: C. Fraga et al. 660
(MBML); J. Kallunki et al. 434 (CEPEC, NY, SPF).
Notes: endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest from
southern Bahia to the state of Rio de Janeiro.
32.13. P. orbignyana Brongn. in Duperr., Voy. Coq.
Bot.:175. 1829. - Syn.: P. grandifolia Boeck.; P.
millegrana (Nees) Steud. - Regions: SE, S.
Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 14616 (HB, MBM, P); D.
Sucre 4068 (RB, SP). Notes: known from few
collections, endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest from
the state of Espirito Santo to Santa Catarina. Barros
(1960) considered this taxon as P. millegrana (Nees)
Steud. Reference: Barros (1960).
32.14. P. puberula Boeck., Flora 63:453. 1880. - Syn.:
P. kuhlmannii Kk.; P. montana Palla;
Rhynchospora puberula (Boeck.) L.B. Sm. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et
al. 235-95 (UFP); G. Hatschbach 2813 (MBM); R.
Reitz & R. Klein 3923 (HB, HBR). Notes: species
with the widest distribution in the genus. Barros
(1960) and Guaglianone et al. (2008) recognized P.
puberula Boeck. var. montana (Palla) Kk. & R.
Gross to southern Brazil. Reference: Barros (1960).
32.15. P. regnellii C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:41. 1908. - Syn.: P. bradei R. Gross; P. rabenii
Boeck.; P. stricta Kunth. var. rabenii (Boeck.) H.
Pfeiff. - Region: SE. Voucher: W. Thomas 6803 (GUA,
NY). Notes: endemic to high altitudes of the Atlantic
Rainforest. Reference: Kkenthal (1952).
32.16. P. scaposa C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:42. 1908. - Region: N. Voucher: O. Huber 4351
(IAN, MG, K). Notes: known only from the type
specimen, possibly endemic to the Amazon Forest.
32.17. P. sparsiflora Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:286. 1837.
- Syn.: Rhynchospora sparsiflora (Kunth) L.B. Sm.
- Region: N. Voucher: M. Alves & A. Amorim 1685
(INPA, NY, SP, UFP). Notes: endemic to the central-
western Amazon Forest. Reference: Kkenthal
(1952).
32.18. P. stricta Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:286. 1837. - Syn.:
P. calyptrocaryoides R. Gross; P. hoheneana R.
Gross; P. muelleri Boeck.; P. spicata Boeck. -
Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 14932
(HB, K, MBM, NY, P); M. Martins 650 (UFP, VIC);
A. SantAna et al. 1017 (CEPEC, NY). Notes:
endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest from southern
Bahia to the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Barros
(1960) considered P. stricta Kunth and P. hohenea
R. Gross as distinct species. Reference: Muniz
(2001).
32.19. P. tenuiflora Brongn. in Duperr., Voy. Coq.
Bot.:175. 1829. - Syn.: P. elegans Kunth; P. latifolia
H. Pfeiff.; P. martiana (Nees) Steud. - Regions: SE,
S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2754 (HBR, UFP), P.
Carauta 2217 (GUA, K, NY). Notes: endemic to
the southern Atlantic Rainforest. Barros (1960)
considered this taxon as P. martiana (Nees) Steud.
32.20. P. turbinata (Nees) H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 19:295. 1924. - Syn.: Nemochloa
turbinata Nees - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen.
Notes: known only from the type specimen collected
by Meyen in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Reference:
Kkenthal (1952).
32.21. P. urvillei Brongn. in Duperr., Voy. Coq.
Bot.:173. 1829. - Syn.: P. dusenii (H. Pfeiff.) H. Pfeiff.;
P. paranensis Palla; P. ulei Boeck.; P. urvillei
Brongn. f. dusenii (H. Pfeiff.) Kk. & R. Gross; P.
urvillei Brongn. var. paranensis (Palla) Kk. & R.
Gross; P. ypirangensis (H. Pfeiff.) H. Pfeiff. -
Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1747
(CEPEC, NY, SI, SP, UFP); D. Falkenberg 4536
(FLOR). Notes: endemic to the southern Atlantic
Rainforest. Barros (1960) cited P. urvillei Brongn.
var. paranensis (Palla) Kk. for the state of Santa
Catarina. Reference: Muniz (2001).
33. Pycreus P. Beauv. - Number of species: 16.
33.1. P. bipartitus (Torr.) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Add.
Ser. 8:35. 1908. - Syn.: Cyperus bipartitus Torr.; C.
lagunetto Steud.; Pycreus lagunetto (Steud.) C.B.
Clarke - Region: S. Voucher: Mueller et al. s.n.
(FUEL). Notes: known from Central America, it is
34 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
the first record to Brazil of this species. Reference:
Tucker (1994).
33.2. P. capillifolius (A. Rich.) C.B. Clarke in Th.
Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5:535. 1894. - Syn.:
Cyperus capillifolius A.Rich. - Regions: NE, CO,
SE. Vouchers: S. Martins & M. Alves 189 (UFP); C.
Munhoz et al. 353 (HEPH, SP).
Reference: Eiten (1966).
33.3. P. decumbens T. Koyama, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.,
Tokyo, B 2(4):167. 1976. -Regions: SE, S. Vouchers:
G. Hatschbach 78654 (MBM, RB); C. Muniz 303
(SP, UFP). Notes: known from a few collections along
small streams, endemic to the state of Paran and
So Paulo.
33.4. P. flavescens (L.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1:72.
1830. - Syn.: Cyperus flavescens L.; Pycreus
paraensis Nees - Regions: N (?), NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 31-95 (UFP); T. Koyama
13748 (NY, SP); S. Martins et al. 86 (UFP); S. Mori
et al. 12273 (CEPEC, RB). Notes: closely related to
P. lanceolatus (Poir.) C.B. Clarke. References:
Tucker (1994); Luceo et al. (1997).
33.5. P. fugax (Liebm.) C.D. Adams, Ann. Missouri
Bot. Gard. 78(1): 254. 1991. - Syn.: Cyperus fugax
Liebm. - Region: NE. Voucher: W. Thomas et al.
2731 (JPB, NY). Notes: known from Central America,
it is the first record to Brazil of this species.
33.6. P. lanceolatus (Poir.) C.B. Clarke in Durand &
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5:538. 1894. - Syn.: Cyperus
lanceolatus Poir.; C. olfersianus Kunth; Pycreus
maximiliani Nees; P. olfersianus Nees; P.
olfersianus (Kunth) Urb.; P. propinquus Nees -
al. 2098 (MAC, SP, UFP); C. Kozera 2979 (ICN,
MBM). Notes: widely distributed in disturbed areas.
Kkenthal (1956) cited P. lanceolatus (Poir.) C.B.
Clarke var. compositus Presl and P. lanceolatus
(Poir.) C.B. Clarke var. subunioloides Kk. for Brazil.
33.7. P. macrostachyos (Lam.) Raynal, Kew Bull.
23:314. 1969. - Syn.: Cyperus albomarginatus (Mart.
ex Schrad.) Steud.; C. albomarginatus (Mart. ex Schrad.)
Steud. var. pachyanthemos Kk.; C. hochstetteri
Nees ex Krauss; C. macrostachyos Lam.; C.
sabulosus (Nees) Steud.; Pycreus albomarginatus
Mart. & Schrad. ex Nees; P. flavicomus (Michx.)
C.D. Adams; P. sabulosus Mart. & Schrad. ex Nees
- Regions: NE, CO, SE, S (?). Vouchers: S. Hefler
692 (ICN); K. Leite & T. Nunes 340 (HUEFS, UFP);
Schwacke 3343 (RB). Notes: restricted to wet and
sometimes disturbed areas.Guaglianone et al. (2008)
cited P. flavicomus (Michx.) C.D. Adams [=Cyperus
albomarginatus (Mart. ex Schrad.) Steud.] as a
valid species to Brazil. References: Tucker (1994);
Luceo et al. (1997).
33.8. P. megapotamicus (Kunth) Nees in Mart., Fl.
bras. 2(1):6. 1842. - Syn.: Cyperus megapotamicus
Kunth - Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G.
Hatschbach 24187 (MBM, MO); G. Hatschbach
& T. Koyama 24009 (MBM, NY); G. Shepherd et
al. 11290 (UEC). Notes: Kkenthal (1956), Barros
(1960), and Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited Cyperus
megapotamicus Kunth var. jaeggii (Boeck.) Guagl.
to southern Brazil.
33.9. P. niederleinianus Boeck., Cyper. Nov. 1:2.
1888. - Regions: SE, S. Voucher: R. Reitz 11981
(HBR, SI). Notes: known from a single specimen.
33.10. P. niger (Ruiz & Pv.) Cufod., Bull. Jard.
Bot. Belg. 40:1443. 1970. - Syn.: Cyperus
melanostachys Kunth; C. niger Ruiz & Pv. -
Regions: CO, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 1216
(MBM); V. Pott et al. 8499 (HMS). Notes: in Brazil
known only from the southern states. Kkenthal
(1956) and Barros (1960) cited Cyperus niger Ruiz
& Pv. var. lorentzianus (Boeck.) Kk. for the South.
Kkenthal (1956) cited C. niger Ruiz & Pv. var.
pseudo-elegantulus Kk. for southern Brazil, too.
33.11. P. pelophilus (Ridl.) C. B. Clarke in Th. Durand
& Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5:540. 1894. - Syn.: Cyperus
pelophilus Ridl. - Region: NE. Voucher: P. Heringer
et al. 683 (IPA, PEUFR, RB). Notes: known from
some areas in northeastern Brazil. Reference: Eiten
1966.
33.12. Pycreus piceus Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr.:12.
1850. - Syn.: Cyperus flavescens L. var. piceus
(Lindm.) Fernald. - Regions: NE, S. Voucher: S.
Martins et al. 139 (UFP). Notes: in Brazil known
from a single locality in the state of Pernambuco.
Tucker (1994) and Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited
Cyperus flavescens L. var. piceus (Liebm.) Fernald
for the uplands of eastern Brazil. Reference: Tucker
(1998).
33.13. P. polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv., Fl. Owarl.
2:48. 1816. - Syn.: Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. -
al. 2086 (MAC, UFP); J. Eugenio et al. 342 (EAC,
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
35
RB); M. Gomes 604 (RB); S. Martins et al. 218
(UFP). Notes: widely distributed, especially in wet
and disturbed areas. Kkenthal (1956) cited for
Brazil Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. var. circinatus
(Ridley) Kk. (to the island of Fernando de
Noronha) and C. polystachyos Rottb. var.
longispiculatus Suringar. Simpson (1989b) and
Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited Pycreus
polystachyos subsp. riograndensis D.A. Simpson
for South and Southeast of Brazil. Reference:
33.14. P. pumilus (L.) Nees, Linnaea 9:238. 1834. -
Syn.: Cyperus pigmaeus Rottb.; C. pumilus L. -
Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: M. Luceo 257 (UFP);
S. Pessoa et al. 375 (RB). Notes: widely distributed,
especially in wet and disturbed areas. Reference:
Kkenthal (1956).
33.15. P. tener C.B. Clarke, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser.
2, 3:940. 1903. - Syn.: Cyperus barrosianus Herter;
C. tener (C.B. Clarke) Osten ex Herter, non Vahl. -
Region: S. Voucher: H. Longhi-Wagner & A. Arajo
2210 (ICN). Notes: occurs in wet soil, specially
along the coastland. Reference: Barros (1960).
33.16. P. unioloides (R. Br.) Urb., Symb, Antill.
2(1):164. 1900. - Syn.: Cyperus unioloides R. Br. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: Anderson et
al. 7456 (RB); G. Hatschbach 23875 (MBM); H.
Irwin et al. 16960 (MO, SI); M. Milaneze et al. 85
(HTO, UFP); L. Smith & R. Reitz 14268 (HBR, MO).
Notes: widely distributed, especially in wet and
disturbed areas. Barros (1960) cited Cyperus
unioloides R. Br. var. bromoides (Link) C.B. Clarke
for the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do
Sul. Reference: Tucker (1994).
34. Remirea Aubl. - Number of species: 1.
34.1. R. maritima Aubl., Hist. pl. Guiane 1:45. 1775.
- Syn.: Mariscus pedunculatus (R. Br.) T. Koyama -
Regions: NE, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1894
(CEPEC, UFP); M. Martins 637 (UFP, VIES); R. Reitz
4490 (HBR, SI). Notes: common on protected sand
dunes along the coast. Reference: Martins et al. (1999).
35. Rhynchocladium T. Koyama - Number of
species: 1.
35.1. R. steyermarkii (T. Koyama) T. Koyama,
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23:88. 1972. -Region: N.
Voucher: G. Davidse 27377 (NY, MO). Notes: occurs
on the border with Venezuela at the Neblina Massif.
36. Rhynchospora Vahl - Number of species: 157.
36.1. R. aberrans C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Add. Ser.
8:35. 1908. - Region: NE. Voucher: R. Queirz et l.
1087 (EAC, UFRN). Notes: ephemeral endemic on
seepage slopes of rock outcrops in the caatinga
of northeastern Brazil and known from few
collections at local herbaria. References: Luceo et
al. (1997); Arajo et al. (2007).
36.2. R. acanthoma A.C. Arajo & Longhi-Wagner,
Kew Bull. 63(2):303. 2008. - Regions: N, NE, CO (?).
Vouchers: M. Bona-Nascimento s.n. (UFP, TEPB);
G. Prance et al. 25299 (K, NY, RB). Notes: endemic
to Brazil, known only from ferrous rock outcrops
near the Serra dos Carajs, state of Par and a
colection cited by Luceo et al. (1997) to the state
of Piau.
36.3. R. agostiniana T. Koyama, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 23:25. 1972. - Region: N (?). Voucher: not
seen. Notes: on grantitic rock outcrops in the
lowlands of southern Venezuela and probably
found in the adjacent state of Roraima. Reference:
Thomas (1998).
36.4. R. albescens (Miq.) Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
75:304. 1951. - Syn.: R. monostachya Boeck. -
Region: N. Voucher: A. Prata et al. 593 (SP). Notes:
known from the Amazon Basin in white sand along
black water streams. Reference: Thomas (1984).
36.5. R. albiceps Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:289. 1837. - Syn.:
Dichromena canescens Maury; Rhynchospora
auriculata Kunth; R. canescens (Maury) H. Pfeiff.
- Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Voucher: M. Alves et al.
EBNN 1335 (UFP); A. Arajo et al. 720 (CH, ICN,
SPF); G. Hatschbach 47304 (MBM); W. Thomas et
al. 5936 (ICN, NY, SP, SPF). Notes: found in damp
areas in cerrado and campos rupestres.
Morphologicaly related to R. consanguinea
(Kunth) Boeck and R. rupestris A.C.Arajo & W.W.
Thomas. Reference: Kral & Thomas (1986).
36.6. R. albida (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 37:561. 1873.
- Region: N. Voucher: G. Prance et al. 29844 (NY).
Notes: known from the lowlands of southern
Venezuela and the Guianas, and from one collection
in state of Amazonas. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.7. R. albomarginata Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56:16.
1921. - Syn.: R. baileyi Britt. ex L.H. Bailey - Region:
36 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
N. Voucher: A. Prata 632 (SP, UFP). Notes: low
elevations in southern Venezuela; in Brazil known
only from state of Roraima. Reference: Koyama
(1972b).
36.8. R. albotuberculata Kk., Boissiera 7:101. 1943.
- Region: CO. Voucher: R. Kral & M. Wanderley
75332 (SP). Notes: found in campos rupestres.
36.9. R. almensis D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull. 50(1):151.
1995. - Regions: NE, CO. Vouchers: M. Alves et al.
2281 (CEPEC, IAN, IBGE, NY, UFP); R. Harley et
al. 26551 (K, NY, SPF). Notes: found in campos
rupestres and endemic to the Chapada
Diamantina in the state of Bahia. Reference: Arajo
et al. (2007).
36.10. R. amazonica Poepp. & Kunth in Kunth,
Enum. Pl. 2:292. 1837. - Syn.: Dichromena
amazonica (Poepp. & Kunth) H. Pfeiff.;
Ephippiorhynchium longirostre (Nees) Nees var.
amazonicum (Poepp. & Kunth) Nees;
Rhynchospora corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray subsp.
amazonica (Poepp. & Kunth) H. Pfeiff. - Regions:
N. Vouchers: G. Prance et al 6850 (INPA, NY); C.
Sasaki et al. 1177 (K) . Notes: occasionally flooded
forests and clearings in the Amazon Basin. Koyama
(1972a), Guaglianone (2001), and Thomas (1998)
treat the species as comprising two varieties: R.
amazonica Poepp. & Kunth var. amazonica with a
capitate inflorescence and R. amazonica Poepp. &
Kunth var. guianensis (Kk.) T. Koyama with a
branched inflorescence. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.11. R. armerioides J. Presl. & C. Presl., Reliq.
Haenk. 1:197. 1828. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE.
Vouchers: G. Felipe 153 (NY, RB); I. Miranda 1149
(INPA, UFP); W. Thomas et al. 4459 (INPA, MO,
NY, SPF, US); W. Egler et al. 1353 (CEN, NY, SPF).
Notes: found in savannas, cerrado and campos
rupestres; widely distributed in Brazil, except for
the South. References: Kkenthal (1949); Arajo
(2001).
36.12. R. asperula (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:144. 1855. - Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: H.
Irwin et al. 9454 (MO, NY); P. Heringer 6541 (SP,
UB); L. Smith & R. Klein 8411 (HBR, NY, SI). Notes:
wet meadows, sream banks, swamps and the edges
of moist forests. Reference: Guaglianone (2001).
36.13. R. barbata (Vahl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:290.
1837. - Syn.: R. flavida Boeck.; R. pterocarpa
(Kunth) Roem. & Schult. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2247 (CEPEC, HTO, NY,
UB, UFP); A. Amorim et al. 517 (CEPEC, MO, NY);
N. Bastos et al. 230 (INPA, MO); T. Cavalcanti
1169 (CEN, RB). Notes: widely distributed in moist
savannas, cerrado, and restinga. Reference:
Kkenthal (1949).
36.14. R. barrosiana Guagl., Darwiniana 22:287.
1979. - Regions: CO (?), SE, S. Vouchers: F. Hoehne
9458 (GH, SP, US); R. Reitz 4805 (HBR, SI). Notes:
savannas and cerrado in central and southern
Brazil, as well as Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina.
Reference: Silveira & Longhi-Wagner (2008).
36.15. R. biflora Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Regions: N (?), CO, SE, S. Vouchers: E. Pereira 5967
(NY, RB); V. Pott et al. 6936 (HMS); R. Reitz &
Klein 7749 (HBR, SI). Notes: forest clearings,
usually at elevations of over 1000 m. Thomas (1998)
cited this species as an example of disjunct
distribution, between southeastern Brazil and the
Guyana Highland of Venezuela. The species will
probably be found to occur on the Brazilian side of
the border with Venezuela. Very similar to R. uniflora
Boeck. which has paler spikelets and larger
achenes. Reference: Koyama (1972b).
36.16. R. bolivarana Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot. 28:40.
1951. - Region: N (?)
Voucher: not seen. Notes: stream sides and slopes
at higher elevations in southern Venezuela, and
probably occurs at higher elevations in adjacent
Brazil. Reference: Thomas (1998).
36.17. R. bracteovillosa A.C. Arajo & W.W.
Thomas, Brittonia 55(1):33. 2003. - Region: CO.
Voucher: A. Arajo et al. 896 (ICN, NY, SPF, UB).
Notes: endemic to cerrado in the states of Goias
and Mato Grosso.
36.18. R. brasiliensis Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel.
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 41-42:26. 1879-
80. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves
et al. EBNN1334 (UFP); W. Anderson 6614 (MO);
R. Harley et al. 26569 (K); T. Koyama et al. 13668
(MO, NY); R. Reitz & R. Klein 10329 (HBR, SI).
Notes: found in wet meadows and open stream
sides in the cerrado area. Reference: Strong
(2006).
36.19. R. brevirostris Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.:246.
1866. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves
et al. 2141 (CEPEC, SPF, UFP); W. Anderson 9654
(K, MO); Novaes 9317 (NY, SP); B. Pickel 1934
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
37
(IPA). Notes: found in moist cerrado and
savannas. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.20. R. breviuscula H. Pfeiff., Reppert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 38:95. 1935. - Syn.: Dichromena gracilis
C.B. Clarke - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: G.
Hatschbach 25739 (MBM, MICH, US); F. Hoehne
24312 (GH, NY, SP). Notes: endemic to the
mountains in southern Brazil; probably overlooked.
Reference: Thomas (1984).
36.21. R. brittonii Gale, Rhodora 46:241. 1944. -
Regions: SE, S. Voucher: R. Reitz 5538 (HBR, SI).
Notes: in Brazil, it is found in wet grasslands and
cited to the states of Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina
and Rio Grande do Sul. Reference: Guaglianone
(1980).
36.22. R. brownii Roem. & Schul., Syst. Veg. 2:86.
1817. - Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Glaziou
20943 (GH); G. Hatschbach 15244 (MBM, US); R.
Klein 3361 (HBR, SI). Notes: found in savannas
and wet meadows. Guaglianone (1979) and
Guaglianone et al. (2008) distinguished a second
subspecies, R. brownii Roem. & Schul. subsp.
americana Guagl., which is the only one found in
Brazil. Barros (1960) cited this species as
36.23. R. caesionux T. Koyama, Brittonia 24(3):281.
1972. - Region: CO. Voucher: D. Hunt 5855 (K).
Notes: found in moist cerrado; known only from
Mato Grosso, and possibly endemic to Brazil.
36.24. R. calderana D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull.
42(4):891 (1987). - Region: NE.
Voucher: R. Harley 21503 (CEPEC, K, SPF). Notes:
known from a single collection from the state of
Bahia. Reference: Thomas et al. (2006).
36.25. R. candida (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 37:615.
1873. - Regions: N, NE (?), CO. Vouchers: P.
Cavalcante 52354 (IAN, MG, NY); D. Zappi et al.
1002 (K). Notes: moist savannas of the Amazon
Basin. Reference: Koyama (1972b). R. capillifolia
Boeck., non W.W. Thomas [No records were found
related to this name. It is possibly a nomen nudum
and needs more investigation].
36.26. R. capitata (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst.
Veg. 2:88. 1917. - Region: N. Voucher: W. Anderson
10668 (INPA, NY). Notes: periodically inundated
white sand savannas of the Rio Negro Basin.
References: Koyama (1972b); Arajo (2001).
36.27. R. caracasana (Kunth) Boeck., Linnaea
37:607. 1873. - Regions: N, NE. Voucher: G. Vianna
et al. 2622 (INPA, UFP), E. Melo et al. PCD1152
(ALCB, UFP). Notes: rocky areas, savannas and
cerrado in northeastern and northern Brazil.
Reference: Strong (2006).
36.28. R. cariciformis Nees in Mart., Fl. bras.
2(1):145. 1842. - Syn.: R. igarapicola T. Koyama -
Regions: N, NE, CO. Vouchers: D. Arajo et al. 5267
(GUA, MO); M. Luceo 281 (UFP); G. Prance et al.
3694 (IAN, NY). Notes: found in lowland forests,
savannas and cerrado. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.29. R. castanea T. Koyama, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus.,
Tokyo, B 2(4):169. 1976. Regions: CO, SE. Vouchers:
G. Hatschbach 23989 (MBM, NY); H. Irwin et al.
8000 (MO, NY, UB). Notes: found in cerrado and
damp meadows.
36.30. R. catharinensis Barros, Sellowia 19: 57.
1967. - Region: S. Voucher: not seen. Notes: known
from a citation to the state of Santa Catarina.
Reference: Guaglianone et al. (2008).
36.31. R. cephalotes (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:237. 1805.
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al.
2063 (CEPEC, UFP); M. Luceo et al. 637 (UFP);
A. Prata 671 (SP); E. Santos 538 (HTO, UFP).
Notes: widespread and common in moist forests,
clearings, and trails. References: Koyama (1972b);
Mendes (1997).
36.32. R. ciliata Kk., Bot. Jarhb. 56:16. 1921. - Syn.:
Dichromena ciliata Vahl; D.obtusifolia Schrad. ex
Nees; D. pura Nees; Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl)
Boeck. ssp. ciliata T. Koyama. - Regions: N, NE,
CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2099 (CEPEC,
MAC, NY, SP, UFP); E. Santos 109 (HTO, UFP); R.
Souza 81 (HRR). Notes: widely distributed in
pastures, lawns and disturbed areas; tolerant of
high levels of nitrification. Thomas (1984, 1994,
1998) considered this taxon as a subspecies of R.
nervosa (Vahl) Boeck.
36.33. R. ciliolata Boeck., Linnaea 37:562. 1873. -
Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: A. Carvalho & W.
Thomas 3007 (CEPEC, NY); G. Hatschbach 28707
(MBM, MO). Notes: known from campos
rupestres in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais,
and a single specimen collected 30 years ago in the
state of So Paulo. Reference: Simpson (1995).
36.34. R. comata (Link) Roem. & Schult., Mant.
2:50. 1824. - Syn.: R. bromoides Kunth; R.
dietrichsenii Boeck.; R. sylvatica Nees - Regions:
N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1958
(CEPEC, SP, UFP); V. Pott et al. 6803 (HMS); A.
Prata 524 (SP). Notes: widespread in moist tropical
38 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
forests, especially along forest edges or trails.
References: Koyama (1972b); Mendes (1997).
36.35. R. confinis (Nees) C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:40. 1908. - Syn.: R. carrillensis Gomz-
Laur.; R. lundii Boeck.; R. palustris Boeck. -
Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Amorim et al.
564 (CEPEC, K); G. Hatschbach 26062 (MBM,
UEC); T. Koyama et al. 13735 (SP, UFP); R. Reitz
5349 (HBR, LIL, NY, SI, UC, US). Note: marshes
and moist restinga. Reference: Guaglianone
(1980).
36.36. R. confusa F. Ballard in Hook., Icon. Pl.
5(33):3250. 1935. - Syn.: R. velloziformis T. Koyama;
Syntrinema brasiliensis Radlk. & H. Pfeiff. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: D. Haras et al.
305 (HB); M. Fonseca et al. 605 (IBGE, NY); B.
Walter et al. 734 (CEN, NY). Notes: rare and
endemic to the cerrado. References: Eiten (1976b);
Arajo (2001).
36.37. R. consanguinea (Kunth) Boeck., Linnaea
37:476. 1873. - Syn.: Dichromena consanguinea
Kunth; Rhynchospora consanguinea (Kunth)
Boeck. f. subrigida Kk.; R. oaxacana Kral & W.W.
Thomas - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A.
Arajo et al. 1164 (NY, SPF); W. Thomas & J.
Jardim 11.123a (CEPEC, NY, SPF). G. Hatschbach
33449 (MBM, NY); H. Irwin et al. 32194 (MO, NY,
UB, US); R. Pinheiro & A. Carvalho 589 (NY).
Notes: widely distributed in the cerrado and
campo rupestre. Used as a dried ornamental plant.
Reference: Arajo (2001).
36.38. R. contracta (Nees) Raynal, Adansonia
17:277. 1978. - Syn.: R. micrantha Vahl; R. micrantha
Vahl var. contracta (Nees) Boeck.; R. minutiflora
(L.C. Rich. ex Spreng.) Adams - Regions: NE, SE
(?), CO, S (?). Voucher: M. Alves et al. 1986 (CEPEC,
NY, SP, UFP); M. Alves et al. 2194 (SP). Notes:
forested stream sides and moist open areas.
Brazilian collections of this species all appear to be
from the northeast, although Kkenthal (1949) and
Angely (1965) cited it from the southeast. Reference:
Rocha & Luceo 2002.
36.39. R. coriifolia Boeck., Linnaea 37:406. 1874.
Regions: SE, CO, S (?),.
Vouchers: E. Leoni et al. 1518 (NY); G. Martinelli
et al. 9341 (NY, RB). Note: found on edges of rock
outcrops at high elevations. Barros (1960) cited this
species for the State of Santa Catarina with no
voucher indicated. Guaglianone et al. (2208) cited
this species to southern Brazil, however the
specimen was not located.
36.40. R. corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray, Ann. Lyc.,
New York 3:205. 1835. - Region: S. Voucher: A.
Arajo 561 (ICN). Notes: Barros (1960) and
Guaglianone (2001) cited R. corniculata (Lam.) A.
Gray var. macrostachya (Torr.) Britt. for the state of
Santa Catarina.
36.41. R. corymbosa (L.) Britt., Trans. New York
Acad. Sc. 11:84. 1892. - Syn.: R. aurea Vahl; (?)R.
legrandii Kk. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2046 (CEPEC, UFP); S.
Lolis et al. 46 (HTO, UFP); V. Pott et al. 6801
(HMS); A. Prata et al. 433 (UFRR); L. Smith & R.
Klein 9144 (HBR, R, SI). Notes: stream sides,
marshes, restingas and other wet areas. This
species is highly variable. Guaglianone (2001)
recognized numerous varieties of R. corymbosa (L.)
Britt. corymbosa, of which the following occur in
Brazil: R. corymbosa var. corymbosa, R. corymbosa
var. angustirostris (Barros) Guagl., R. corymbosa
var. bonariensis Barros, and R. corymbosa var.
legrandii (Kk. ex Barros) Guagl. Barros (1960)
accepted R. legrandii Kk. as a distinct taxon.
36.42. R. crinigera Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 1: 28. 1888.
- Region: S. Voucher: G. Hatschbach 8510 (MBM,
SI). Notes: known in Brazil to the state of Paran.
36.43. R. cryptantha C. B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:37. 1908. - Syn.: Cephalocarpus polyphyllus
(Ness.) H. Pfeiff. var. ganglioneus H. Pfeiff.; C.
polyphyllus (Ness.) H. Pfeiff. var. itatiayus H. Pfeiff.;
Lagenocarpus polyphyllus (Nees) Kuntze var.
ganglioneus H. Pfeiff.; L. polyphyllus (Nees)
Kuntze var. itatiayus H. Pfeiff. - Regions: NE, SE, S.
Vouchers: T. Koyama et al. 13679 (MO, NY, SP,
UFP); W. Thomas et al. 14605 (CEPEC, NY). Notes:
open forest above exposed rock at high elevations.
Strikingly similar vegetatively to some species of
Cryptangium and Lagenocarpus. Reference:
Kkenthal (1949).
36.44. R. curvula Griseb., Fl. Brit. W.I.:574. 1864. -
Regions: N, CO, S. Vouchers: G. Prance 25276 (NY);
R. Reitz 2364 (HBR). Notes: common in savannas
in the southern Venezuela and Guianas and likely
to be found in adjacent Brazil. Reference: Strong
(2006).
36.45. R. dentinux C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Misc.
Inform., Addit.Ser. 8:33. 1908. - Regions: N (?). NE
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
39
(?), CO, S. Vouchers: C. Kozera 2403 (ICN, MBM);
A. Rizzo 9567 (UFG). Notes: cited also for Venezuela
and Colombia, this species may be found in adjacent
areas. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.46. R. depauperata Palla, Denkschr. Kaiserl.
Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79: 189.
1908. - Region: SE. Voucher: not seen. Notes: similar
to R. junciformis (Kunth) Boeck. Kkenthal (1949)
cites a single specimen from 1885 (Novaes s.n.) from
the state of So Paulo. Reference: Rocha & Luceo
(2002).
36.47. R. diodon (Nees) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.:245.
1866. - Regions: NE, CO. Vouchers: H. Irwin et al.
15172 (NY, RB); R. Moura 309 (JPB, NY). Notes:
found in wet grasslands in the Northeast.
References: Thomas (1992); Luceo et al. (1997).
36.48. R. dissitispicula T. Koyama, Bull. Natn.Sci.
Mus., Ser. B (Bot) 2(4):172. 1976. - Region: CO.
Voucher: H. Irwin et al. 28156 (NY). Notes: moist
campos rupestres and adjacent gallery forest edges.
36.49. R. divaricata (Desv. ex Ham.) M.T. Strong,
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 52:343-344. 2005. - Syn.:
Dichromena hispidula (Vahl) Kunth; Fimbristylis
divaricata Desv. ex Ham.; F. hirsuta Hoschst. ex
Steud.; Rhynchospora hispidula (Vahl) Boeck.; R.
hispidula (Vahl) Boeck. var. major Kk.; R.
trichodes C.B. Clarke - Regions: N, CO. Vouchers:
A. Mendes & L. Pessoni 202 (UFRR, UFP); V. Pott
5286 (HMS). Notes: savannas, marshes and other
open, periodically inundated areas in the West
Indies, mesoamerica, and northern South America.
Reference: Thomas (1994); Strong (2006).
36.50. R. duckei R. Gross., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni
Veg. 50:212. 1941. - Syn.: Dichromena brevicaulis
Suss. - Regions: N, SE (?). Voucher: G. Prance et al.
29828 (MO). Notes: white sand savannas along
the upper Rio Negro. References: Thomas (1984).
36.51. R. eburnea Kral & W.W. Thomas, Brittonia
40(1):32-33. 1988. - Region: N. Voucher: T. Plowman
et al. 9709 (INPA, MO, NY, US). Notes: found in
savannas of the Amazon Basin and southern
Venezuela. Reference: Thomas (1998).
- R. edwaliana Boeck. [No records were found
36.52. R. elatior Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:289. 1837. -
Syn.: R. burchelii C.B. Clarke; R. diamantina Kk.;
R. elatior Kunth var. burchelii (C.B. Clarke) Kk.;
R. elatior Kunth var. leucostachys (Boeck.); R.
elatior Kunth var. variegato-pes H. Pfeiff.; R.
leuchostachys Boeck.; R. macrocephala Boeck.;
R. minor (Nees) Steud. - Regions: NE, CO, SE.
Vouchers: A. Arajo et al. 1255 (CEPEC, NY, SPF);
A. Arajo & A. Zanin 1048 (ICN, SPF). Notes:
endemic to moist areas of cerrados and campos
rupestres in Brazil. Arajo (2001) cited three
varieties under this name: R. elatior var. elatior; R.
elatior var. hirsuta (Nees) Kk. and R. elatior var.
leucostachys (Boeck.) A.C. Arajo. Arajo et al.
(2004) later accepted the last as R. elatior var.
brevispiculosa (Kk.) A.C. Arajo. References:
Arajo (2001); Arajo et al. (2004).
36.53. R. elegantula Maury, J. Bot. (Morot) 3:209.
1889. - Regions: CO, S. Vouchers: H. Irwin et al.
8188 (NY); Koyama et al. 13816 (NY). Notes:
probably restricted to Brazil, found in marshes,
campos rupestres and cerrados.
36.54. R. emaciata (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 37:607-
608. 1871. - Syn.: R. tenuis Link var. emaciata Lindm.;
R. tenuis Link var. emaciata Kunth - Region: N, NE,
CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2085 (CEPEC, MAC, NY,
SI, SP, UFP); G. Hatschbach 14057 (MA, MBM);
D. Sucre 3818 (RB, UFP). Notes: found in marshes,
savannas, campos rupestres and cerrados;
widely distributed in South America.
Reference: Rocha & Luceo (2002).
36.55. R. enmanuelis Luceo & Rocha, Hoehnea
29(3):197. 2002. - Region: SE. Voucher: A. Vanzela
s.n. (MA, UFP). Notes: known from the type
specimen collected in the state of So Paulo. Closely
related to R. tenuis Link.
36.56. R. eurycarpa A.C. Arajo & Longhi-Wagner,
Novon 14(1):6-8. 2004. - Region: CO. Voucher: A.
Arajo et al. 933 (ICN, SPF). Notes: endemic to
Brazil, known from cerrado in the states of Gois,
Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul.
36.57. R. exaltata Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:291. 1837. -
Syn.: R. arundinacea Boeck.; R. simplex Kk.; R.
triceps Steud. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
M. Alves et al. EBNN 1350 (UFP); M. Assis et al.
526 (CESJ, UFP); G. Hatschbach 33204 (MBM);
E. Santos 533 (HTO, UFP); V. Pott et al. 9565
(HMS). Notes: widely distributed in moist forests,
often in the understory of secondary vegetation.
R. simplex Kk. was proposed (Kkenthal 1949) as
a distinct species but later was accepted as a
40 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
synonym of R. exaltata Kunth. Kkenthal (1949)
also accepted five infrageneric taxa under R.
exaltata Kunth, one of them, R. exaltata Kunth
var. beyrichii (Nees) Kk. was accepted by Barros
(1960) as well. Reference: Martins et al. (1999).
36.58. R. exilis Boeck., Flora 63:440. 1880. - Syn.:
R. dilectissimi-patris Luceo - Regions: NE, SE (?),
CO. Vouchers: A. Glaziou 10134 (NY, R); H. Sasaki
et al. 1933 (K). Notes: Recently collected in the
state of Mato Grosso. The type specimens, whose
provenance (Rio de Janeiro) is questionable, also
include collection from Piau. It is likely that the
species is from the marginal cerrados in Brazilian
and the collection from Rio de Janeiro is a label
mistake which is common on Glazious collections.
Reference: Arajo et al. (2008).
36.59. R. eximia (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 37:601.
1873. - Syn.: R. elegans Kk.
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: H. Irwin et al.
32195 (K); M. Luceo et al. EBNN731 (UFP); C.
Kozera 2971 (ICN, MBM); Y. Mexia 5656 (NY, US);
A. Prata et al. 199 (UFP). Notes: found in marshes
and moist cerrado. Reference: Koyama (1972b).
36.60. R. filiformis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:232. 1806. -
Syn.: Dichromena filiformis (Vahl) Kunth;
Rhynchospora longispicata Boeck.; R.
podosperma C. Wright - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE.
Vouchers: M. Luceo et al. 637 (UFP); J. Pires et
al. 52083 (MG, NY, SI); W. Thomas et al. 9144
(CEPEC, NY). Notes: found in marshes, moist
savannas, restingas and stream sides.
References: Martins et al. (1999).
36.61. R. flexuosa C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:90. 1908. - Regions: N (?), SE, S. Vouchers: E.
Kuhn 2222 (SP, NY); M. Sobral & J. Stehmann
2649 (ICN, MO). Notes: in marshes and bogs at
high elevations. Known from southern Venezuela,
the occurrence of R. flexuosa C.B. Clarke subsp.
tepuiana (Steyerm.) T. Koyama in adjacent Brazil is
possible but not confirmed. Reference: Barros (1960).
36.62. R. floribunda Boeck., Cyper. Nov. 2:27. 1890.
- Syn.: R. hieronymi Boeck. var. floribunda (Boeck.)
Kk. - Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: R. Mendona
2775 (IBGE, K); R. Reitz & R. Klein 6917 (HBR,
NY, SI, UEC, US). Notes: found in forests and forest
edges. Guaglianone (1981) pointed out that the
species boundaries among R. floribunda Boeck.,
R. glaziovii Boeck. and R. hieronymi Boeck. are
not yet clear. Reference: Guaglianone (1981).
36.63. R. fusca (L.) W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 1:127.
1810. - Region: S. Voucher: R. Reitz 2364 (HRB).
Notes: found in savannas. This species was known
just for North America, but recently a collection
from the state of Santa Catarina was found. This
can be another case of disjunction from North and
South America also reported for R. consanguinea
(Kunth) Boeck (Arajo 2001). Reference: Kral (1996).
36.64. R. gigantea Link, Jahrb. Gewchsk. 1(3):76.
1820. - Syn.: R. gigantea Link var. scaberrima
(Boeck.) Kk.; R. scaberrima Boeck. - Regions: N
(?), NE, CO (?), SE, S. Vouchers: M. Martins 691
(UFP, VIC); S. Mori et al. 11666 (CEPEC, NY, RB);
R. Reitz & R. Klein 1030 (HRB, NY, UC). Notes:
found in marshes, streams and restingas. This
large herb is very similar to R. corymbosa (L.) Britt.
Reference: Guaglianone (2001).
36.65. R. glaziovii Boeck., Linnaea 38:405. 1874. -
Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: R. Forzza et al. 3527 (RB,
UFP); H. Longhi-Wagner et al. 2942 (ICN, SP, SPF,
UEC). Notes: gallery forests and adjacent cerrado and
campos rupestres. Reference: Guaglianone (1981).
36.66. R. globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult., Syst.
Veg. 2:89. 1817. - Syn.: R. alta Boeck.; R. epiglobosa
C.B. Clarke; R. loefgrenii Boeck.; R. globosa (Kunth)
Roem. & Schult. var. epiglobosa (C.B. Clarke ) Kk.;
R. globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. var. stenocarpa
Kk.; R. pohliana (Nees) Steud. - Regions: N, NE,
CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2262 (HTO,
IAN, NY, UB, UFP); G. Hatschbach 15663 (MBM,
UPCB, US); P. Heringer et al. 2334 (HB, K, IBGE,
NY, UEC); H. Irwin et al. 14837 (MBM, NY, R, US);
W. Thomas et al. 4463 (INPA, NY). Notes:
widespread in damp areas in savannas, cerrado
and campos rupestres. Used in the states of
Minas Gerais and Bahia as a dried ornamental plant.
References: Kkenthal (1949); Arajo (2001).
36.67. R. globularis (Chapm.) Small, Man. S.E.
Fl.:184. 1933. - Region: S. Voucher: A. Arajo 268
(ICN). Notes: found in moist savannas. The variety
found in Brazil is R. globularis (Chapm.) Small var.
recognita Gale. Reference: Barros (1960).
36.68. R. gollmeri Boeck., Linnaea 37:556. 1873. -
Region: S. Voucher: L. Smith & R. Reitz 10332
(HBR). Notes: found in marshes and, in Brazil, is
restricted to the states of Santa Catarina and Rio
Grande do Sul. References: Barros (1960).
36.69. R. gracillima Thw., Enum. Pl. Zeyl.:435. 1864.
- Region: CO. Voucher: E. Goldsmith 148 (K). Notes:
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
41
otherwise known only from Africa and Asia, the
presence of this species is based on a single
specimen listed in Simpson (1998) for the state of
Mato Grosso. Reference: Kkenthal (1951).
36.70. R. hassleri C.B. Clarke, Bull. Herb. Boissier,
ser. 2, 3:1023. 1903. - Syn.: R. viridilutea C.B. Clarke
- Region: N. Voucher: T. Plowman et al. 9087 (MG,
NY). Notes: found in marshes. Reference: Thomas
(1992).
36.71. R. hatschbachii T. Koyama, Bull. Natn. Sci.
Mus., Ser. B (Bot) 2(4):172. 1976. - Region: S.
Voucher: T. Koyama & G. Hatschbach 15077
(MBM, NY). Notes: known from bogs and savannas.
This species is closely related to R. rugosa (Vahl)
Gale and morphologicaly similar to R. polyantha
Steud. and R. barrosiana Guagl., and it is difficult
to identify all of them. Reference: Koyama (1976).
- R. heterolepis Boeck. [No records were found
36.72. R. hieronymi Boeck., Cyper. Nov. 1:30. 1880.
- Syn.: R. montevidensis (Barros) Herter - Region:
S. Voucher: R. Reitz & R. Klein 14550 (HBR, SI).
Notes: moist forest clearings, stream sides and
slopes. Known only from the states of Santa
Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Guaglianone (1981)
and Guaglianone et al. (2008) accepted R.
hieronymi Boeck. subsp. hieronymi and R.
hieronymi Boeck. subsp. montevidensis (Barros)
Guagl. to southern Brazil.
36.73. R. hirsuta (Vahl) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:231. 1805.
- Regions: N, NE, CO. Vouchers: W. Egler 1451 (MG,
NY); M. Luceo et al. EBNN 707 (MA, TEPB, UFP);
G. Kirkbride 1396 (UB). Notes: savannas and
disturbed open areas. Widely distributed.
36.74. R. hirta (Nees) Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel.
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1869:146.
1869. - Regions: N, CO. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach
71074 (MBM, MO); J. Pires 16673 (NY). Notes:
endemic to cerrado and savannas in the states of
Mato Grosso and Gois. Reference: Simpson (1998).
36.75. R. holoschoenoides (L.C. Rich.) Herter,
Revista Sudamer. Bot.9:157. 1953. - Syn.:
Ephippiorhynchium polycephalum (Pers.) Nees;
Rhynchospora arechavaletae Boeck.; R.
cyperoides (Sw.) Mart.; R. heterocaulis C.B. Clarke;
R. polycephala (Persoon) Wydler ex Kunth -
al. 2055 (CEPEC, NY, SP, UFP); R. Klein et al. 5899
(HBR, SI); M. Martins 639 (UFP, VIC); A. Prata &
E. Rocha 624 (SP); Silva 293 (MG). Notes: open
wet and sandy, often disturbed, areas. Widely
distributed. References: Guaglianone (1981).
36.76. R. iberae Guagl., Darwiniana 24(1-4):469.
1982. - Region: S. Voucher: R. Trevisan et al. 742
(ICN). Notes: rare in wet soils; known by one
collection from the state of Santa Catarina.
36.77. R. imeriensis (Kk.) W.W. Thomas,
Brittonia 48:481. 1996. - Syn.: R. cephalotes (L.) Vahl
var. imeriensis Kk. - Region: N. Voucher: M.
Madison et al. 6161 (NY). Notes: Rare in open areas
on white sand in the Rio Negro Basin. Reference:
Thomas (1998).
36.78. R. immensa Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56:17.
1921. - Syn.: R. aristata Boeck. var. immense (Kk.)
Kk. - Region: N. Voucher: E. Ule 8541 (MG). Notes:
found at higher elevations; known from few
specimens and restricted to the state of Roraima.
Reference: Strong (2006).
36.79. R. jubata Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr.:254. 1850. -
Regions: NE, S. Vouchers: S. Mori et al. 10230
(CEPEC, NY, K); M. Sobral 3765 (MO). Notes:
known from a few specimens at the local herbaria.
Reference: Arajo et al. (2007).
36.80. R. junciformis (Kunth) Boeck., Linnaea
37:557. 1873. - Regions: N, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: H.
Irwin et al. 9750 (K); J. Pires 52381 (IAN, NY); L.
Smith & R. Klein 11219 (HBR, R); W. Thomas et al.
4680 (MO, NY, SPF). Notes: found in sandy
savannas and cerrado. Widely distributed but
under collected. Reference: Rocha & Luceo (2002).
36.81. R. kuntzei C.B. Clarke, Revis. Gen. Pl.
3(2):336. 1898. - Region: N. Voucher: D. Daly et al.
8246 (NY, UFAC). Notes: in forests of the western
Amazon Basin. Reference: Thomas & Alves (2006).
36.82. R. lapensis C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:38. 1908. - Syn.: R. campanulata Kk.; R.
lapensis C.B. Clarke var. campanulata (Kk.) Kk.
- Regions: CO, SE. Vouchers: S. Rabelo 17990 (NY);
G. Shepherd et al. 3927 (NY). Notes: possibly
endemic to Brazil and found in campos rupestres
and cerrado. Reference: Govaerts et al. (2007).
36.83. R. latibracteata Guagl., Darwiniana 39:318.
2001. - Region: S. Voucher: B. Rosengurtt 8787
(MVFA). Notes: found in marshes. Guaglianone
42 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
(2001) recognized this species as restricted in Brazil
to the state of Rio Grande do Sul and known only
from the type and one other collection from adjacent
Uruguay.
36.84. R. leucoloma A.C. Arajo & Longhi-Wagner,
Brittonia 55:33. 2003. -Reference: Arajo et al. 2003.
Regions: N, CO. Vouchers: M. Kuhlmann 1893 (R);
T. Plowman et al. 8662 (IAN). Notes: known from
savannas in the Amazon Basin; also known from
Venezuela.
36.85. R. loefgrenii Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 2: 21. 1890.
- Syn.: R globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Shult. var.
loefgrenii (Boeck.) Kk. - Region: S. Voucher: L.
Smith 13650 (HRB, SI). Notes: known from
savannas in the Amazon Basin; also known from
Venezuela. Reference: Arajo (2001).
36.86. R. longa (Lindm.) H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 38:94. 1935. - Region: CO. Voucher:
J. Lindman A3083 (S). Notes: found in forests in
Amazonian Peru and in Brazil is known from a single
specimen collected in the state of Mato Grosso.
36.87. R. longibracteata Boeck., Linnaea 37:534.
1873. - Region: N. Voucher: G. Prance et al. 15476
(NY, US). Notes: found in black water flooded
savannas of the northern Amazon Basin, the
Guyana Highland, and Trinidad and Tobago.
References: Koyama (1972b); Arajo 2001.
36.88. R. luetzelburgiana H. Pfeiff., Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 53:74. 1944. - Region: SE. Voucher:
P. Luetzelburg 6428b (not seen). Reference:
Govaerts et al. (2007).
36.89. R. maguireana T. Koyama, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 23:54. 1972. -Region: N (?). Voucher: not
seen. Notes: known from savannas and rock
outcrops in the Guyana Highland of Venezuela and
Guayana, and probably occurs in adjacent Brazil.
Reference: Thomas 1998.
36.90. R. marcelo-guerrae Luceo & M.Alves,
Candollea 52(1):192. 1997. - Regions: N, NE.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 2242 (HTO, NY, UB, SP,
UFP). Notes: found in savannas in the states of
Tocantins and Piau. Related to R. trichochaeta
C.B. Clarke and R. mexicana (Liebm.) Steud. These
species are under a taxonomic review.
36.91. R. marisculus Nees ex Lindl. & Nees in
Mart., Fl. bras. 2(1):142. 1842. -Syn.: R. marisculus
Lindl. & Nees var. elatior Boeck.; R. uleana Boeck.
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: H. Boudet-
Fernandes 1419 (MBML, UFP); D. Folli 3190
(CVRD, UFP); C. Muniz et al. 520 (SP, UFP); V.
Pott et al. 6828. (HMS); W. Thomas et al. 9236
(CEPEC, MO, NY). Notes: widely distributed in
savannas and open moist areas. This species is
very similar to R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale. References:
36.92. R. megapotamica (Spreng.) H. Pfeiff.,
Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7:129. 1943. - Syn.: R.
luzuliformis Boeck. - Regions: N, S. Vouchers: G.
Hatschbach 45212 (MBM, MO); G. Prance et al.
9409 (INPA, NY). Notes: typically found in marshes
in southern Brazil. One specimen was collected from
a cloud forest in state of Roraima. Barros (1960)
cited R. luzuliformis Boeck. var. luzuliformis and
R. luzuliformis Boeck. var. spicata (Boeck.) Kk.
for the state of Santa Catarina. Guaglianone et al.
(2008) cited R. megapotamica (Spreng.) H. Pfeiff.
var. megapotamica e R. megapotamica (Spreng.)
H. Pfeiff. var. spicata (Boeck.) Kk. to southern
Brazil. Reference: Barros (1960).
36.93. R. melanocarpa A. C. Arajo & W. Thomas,
Brittonia 55:33. 2003. - Region: CO (?). Voucher: not
seen. Notes: known from moist cerrado in eastern
Bolivia and it may occur in adjacent state of Mato
Grosso.
- R. mendoncana Boeck. [No records were found
36.94. R. mexicana (Liebm.) Steud., Syn. Cyper.
Glumac. 2:144. 1855. - Region: N. Voucher: R. Pinheiro
& A. Carvalho 102 (NY). Notes: found in savannas and
in Brazil known only from a few specimens collected
in the state of Par. Reference: Koyama (1972b).
36.95. R. microcarpa Baldw., Ann. Lyceum Nat.
Hist. New York 3:202-203. 1835. - Regions: SE, S.
Vouchers: I. Boldrini 1238 (ICN); M. Martins 684
(VIC). Notes: restricted to the states of Esprito
Santo, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina.
36.96. R. nanuzae Rocha & Luceo, Hoehnea
29(3):201. 2002. - Region: SE. Voucher: J. Semir et
al. 2814 (RB, UEC). Notes: known from the Serra
do Cip, in the state of Minas Gerais. This species
is possibly a morphological variant of R. tenuis Link.
36.97. R. nardifolia (Kunth) Boeck., Linnaea 37:560.
1873. - Regions: N, NE, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach
22432 (K, MBM); H. Irwin et al. 30924 (NY, P); G.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
43
Prance et al. 29646 (NY); F. Segadas-Vianna et
al. 395 (R). Notes: found in savannas in Brazil.
- R. neesii Steud. [No records were found related to
this name. It is possibly a nomen nudum and needs
more investigation].
36.98. R. nervosa (Vahl) Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel.
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenahvn 31:143.
1869[1870]. - Syn.: Dichromena nervosa Vahl -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach
23352 (MBM, US); I. Miranda 982 (INPA, UFP);
V. Pott et al. 8733 (HMS); A. Prata et al. 210 (UFP,
UFRR). Notes: found in disturbed savannas and
cerrado. Thomas (1984, 1994, 1998) distinguished two
subspecies: R. nervosa (Vahl) Boeck. ssp. nervosa
and R. nervosa subsp. ciliata T. Koyama, treated
here as R. ciliata Kk. Reference: Thomas (1984).
36.99. R. organensis C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:37. 1908. - Syn.: R. corymbosa (L.) Britt. var.
organensis (C.B. Clarke) Kk. - Regions: SE, S.
Vouchers: Y. Mexia 4849 (MO); M. Sobral 2133
(ICN, SI). Notes: also known from adjacent
Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. References:
Guaglianone (2001); Guaglianone & Moore (2001).
36.100. R. papillosa W.W. Thomas, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 37:100. 1984. - Region: N. Voucher: A.
Prata & L. Pessoni 207 (SP). Notes: restricted in
Brazil to wet grasslands in the state of Roraima.
36.101. R. paraensis Schrad. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl.
2:300. 1837. - Syn: R. metralis C.B. Clarke - Region:
N. Voucher: J. Pires et al. 12347 (MG, NY). Notes:
savannas and forests. Reference: Nees (1842).
36.102. Rhyncospora paranaensis A.C. Arajo &
W.W. Thomas, Novon 14(1):8-10. 2004. - Region:
S. Voucher: G. Hatschbach et al. 22332 (HB, HBR,
MBM, MO, RB, UEC, US). Notes: known only from
two collections from the type locality in Paran;
efforts to recollect it have not been successful.
36.103. R. patuligluma Lindm., Bih. Kongl. Svenska
Vetensk-Akad. Handl. n.s. 26 (afd. 3, no. 9): 25. 1900.
- Syn.: R. angustifolia Palla; R. pallida (Nees)
Steud., non R. pallida M. A. Curtis. - Regions: CO,
SE, S. Vouchers: P. Heringer et al. 6141 (IBGE, K,
MO, NY, US); H. Longhi-Wagner & A. Arajo (ICN,
SP, SPF, UEC). Notes: found in cerrado. In the
north of the state of Paran, at the south limit of
cerrado, was found a possible population of this
species. Reference: Thomas (1998).
36.104. R. pedersenii Guagl., Darwiniana 39:321.
2001. - Syn.: R. gigantea Link var. latifolia H. Pfeiff.
- Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: R. Klein 2835 (HBR,
SI); Pereira 5991 (RB, SI). Notes: moist areas.
Extends from Mexico and Central America to the
Caribbean and south to SE Brazil and Paraguay.
References: Guaglianone (2001).
36.105. R. pilosa (Kunth) Boeck., Linnaea 37:537.
1873. - Syn.: Dichromena minarum Kunth;
Rhynchospora arenicola Uitt. - Regions: N, NE,
SE, S, CO. Vouchers: E. Fittkau & Coelho 47 (INPA,
NY); D. Folli 4223 (CVRD, UFP); H. Irwin et al.
25548 (SP, UFP); W. Thomas et al. 4858 (SPF, MO,
NY). Notes: small herbs in wet and sandy soil.
Koyama (1972b) cited two varieties for Brazil: R.
pilosa (Kunth) Boeck. subsp. pilosa and R. pilosa
(Kunth) Boeck. subsp. arenicola (Uitt.) T. Koyama.
Strong (2006) and Govaerts et al. (2007) recognized
the latter variety as a distinct species, R. arenicola
Uittien which he described as having a coarser
habit and larger achenes.
36.106. R. planifolia (T. Koyama) W. Thomas,
Brittonia 48:485. 1996. - Syn.: R. rigidifolia (Gilly)
T. Koyama var. planifolia T. Koyama - Region: N.
found in white sand, black water savannas and
forest edges of the Rio Negro Basin in Venezuela,
Colombia, and Brazil (known from the state of
Amazonas). Reference: Thomas 1998.
36.107. R. pluricarpa Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
30(1):143. 1901. - Region: CO (?). Voucher: not seen.
Notes: found on granite outcrops and cited by
Simpson (1998) for the state of Mato Grosso.
36.108. R. plusquamrobusta Luceo & M. Martins,
An. Jard. Bot. Madrid 57(1):174, 1999. - Region: SE.
Voucher: M. Martins 636 (UFP, VIC). Notes: known
only from
36.109. R. polyantha Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:147.
1855. - Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et
al. 1658 (UFP); H. Longhi-Wagner 8774 (FLOR,
ICN); V. Pott et al. 6642 (HMS). Notes: known from
forests and moist open areas. Reference: Barros
(1960).
36.110. R. praecincta Maury, Mm. Soc. Phys.
Genve 31(1): 146. 1890. Regions: N (?), CO. Voucher:
J. Costa 58 (RB). Notes: known from a single
specimen on the state of Mato Grosso. Reference:
Barros (1945).
44 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
36.111. R. pseudomacrostachya G. Moore, Guagl.
& Zartm., Brittonia 54(4):340-343. 2002 [2003].-
Region: S. Voucher: L. Smith & R. Klein 8140 (HBR,
SI, US). Notes: known only from wetlands in the
states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.
36.112. R. pubera (Vahl) Boeck., Linnaea 37:528.
1873. - Syn.: Dichromena pubera Vahl;
Rhynchospora pubera (Vahl) Boeck. var.
multispiculosa Kk. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: M. Alves & A. Amorim 1710 (INPA,
UFP); M. Alves et al. 1911 (CEPEC, NY, UFP); A.
Lasseigne P22587 (CEPEC, MO, NY, US); Melo &
Viana 1343 (BHCB, RB); A. Prata et al. 594 (SP).
Notes: found in open areas on low-nutrient soils;
common in disturbed areas. Thomas (1984, 1998)
recognized two subspecies: R. pubera (Vahl) Boeck.
subsp. pubera and R. pubera (Vahl) Boeck. subsp.
parvula W.W. Thomas, which is found north of
the Amazon River. Reference: Thomas (1984).
36.113. R. radicans (Schlech. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff.,
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38:93. 1935. - Syn. :
Dichromena radicans Schlech. & Cham.;
Rhynchospora microcephala (Bertero ex Spreng.)
Kuk. - Regions: N, NE, S. Vouchers: D. Daly et al.
11506 (NY); G. Hatchbach et al. 56115 (MBM); W.
Thomas et al. 12758 (CEPEC, MO, NY). Notes:
found in partially open areas in Acre, the eastern
Amazon as well as coastal Bahia to Paraiba. Thomas
(1984, 1994) cited two varieties, both of which are
found in Brazil, the typical R. radicans (Schlech. &
Cham.) H. Pfeiff. var. radicans and R. radicans
(Schlech. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. var. microcephala
(Bertero & Spreng.) W.W. Thomas. Govaerts et al.
(2007) and Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited R.
radicans (Schlech. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff. var.
microcephala (Bertero ex Spreng.) W.W. Thomas
to southern Brazil. Reference: Thomas (1984).
36.114. R. recurvata (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:145. 1855. - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves
et al. 2124 (BHCB, CEPEC, NY, SI, SPF, UFP); G.
Hatschbach 49646 (MBM, MO, NY, RB). Notes:
found in cerrado and campos rupestres of the
Espigo Mestre in the state of Minas Gerais and
Bahia. Reference: Thomas et al. (2006).
36.115. R. reptans (L.C. Rich.) Boeck., Linnaea
37:351. 1872. - Syn.: R. sprucei Boeck. - Regions: N,
CO. Vouchers: M. Groppo Jr. & E. Anunciao 947
(SPF, UFP); W. Thomas et al. 3934 (NY). Notes:
found along periodically flooded black water
streams in the Guianas, in the state of Mato Grosso,
and the northern Amazon Basin. Reference:
Thomas (1984).
36.116. R. ridleyi C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:36. 1908. - References: Luceo et al. (1997); Arajo
et al. (2007). Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: A. Amorim
et al. 726 (CEPEC, MO, NY); R. Harley 16974 (K,
RB). Notes: possibly endemic to Brazil in open
restinga and campos rupestres. In the state of
Bahia the distribution is disjunct between the coast
and the Chapada Diamantina.
36.117. R. riedeliana C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:34. 1908. - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves
1734 et al. (NY, SI, SP, UFP); H. Irwin et al. 38385
(MO). Notes: restricted to campos rupestres of
the Espigo Mestre in the states of Bahia and
Minas Gerais. Reference: Arajo et al. (2007).
36.118. R. rigida (Kunth) Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel.
Dansk Naturhist. Foren Kjojbenhavn 1869:145. 1869.
- Syn.: Dichromena rigida Kunth; Rhynchospora
consanguinea (Kunth) Boeck. var. rigida (Kunth)
Kk. - Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Arajo
et al. 650 (ICN, SPF); id. 1228 (CEPEC, ICN, NY,
SPF); G. Hatschbach 33449 (MBM, NY); H. Irwin
et al. 16402 (MO, NY, UB, US). Notes: endemic to
Brazil, and found in savannas, cerrado and
campos rupestres. Very similar to R.
consanguinea (Kunth) Boeck. Used as an
ornamental dried plant. Govaerts et al. (2007) cited
this name under R. polyphylla (Vahl) Vahl.
References: Barros (1960); Arajo (2001).
36.119. R. rigidifolia (Gilly) T. Koyama, Mem. New
York Bot. Gard. 23:62. 1972. - Syn.: R. rigidifolia
(Gilly) T. Koyama var. capillacea T. Koyama -
Region: N. Voucher: not seen. Notes: restricted to
the mountains of the Guyana Highland. Known
from the Neblina Massif along the northern border
with Brazil. Reference: Thomas (1998).
36.120. R. riparia (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 37:561.
1873. - Syn.: R. canaliculata Boeck.; R. tenuis Link
var. congesta (Nees) Kk.; R. tenuis Link subsp.
riparia T. Koyama; R. tenuis Link var. maritima
Boeck. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: W.
Anderson 10375 (SP); N. Bastos 663 (MA, MG,
UFP); Ferreira 3167 (RB); E. Rocha & G. Baracho
189 (IPA, JPB, UFP). Notes: widely distributed in
sandy, wet soils. Reference: Rocha & Luceo (2002).
36.121. R. robusta (Kunth) Boeck., Linnaea 37:616.
1873. - Syn.: Dichromena robusta Kunth - Regions:
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
45
(CEPEC, NY, RB, UFP); F. Hoehne 5794 (ICN, SP);
M. Martins et al. 800 (UFP, VIC); L. Pessoni 232
(UFRR); L. Smith et al. 9509 (HBR, K, US). Notes:
found in marshes and wet areas in cerrado and
campos rupestres. Reference: Thomas 1998.
36.122. R. roraimae Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56:19.
1921. - Region: N. Voucher: not seen. Notes: endemic
to the high elevations (over 1800 m) of the Guyana
Highland of southern Venezuela, and found on the
Neblina Massif. Reference: Thomas (1998).
36.123. R. rostrata Lindm., Bih. Kongl. Svenska
Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 26:27. 1900. - Regions: SE
(?), CO, S. Vouchers: W. Anderson 7426 (MO, NY);
G. Hatschbach 12105 (MBM, US). Notes: probably
endemic to Brazil in stream sides in the cerrado
and grasslands of southern Brazil. Barros (1960)
cited this species to the state of So Paulo but no
specimens were found. Reference: Guaglianone &
Moore (2001).
36.124. R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale, Rhodora 46:275. 1944.
- Syn.: R. glauca Vahl; R. pungens Liebm. - Regions:
(CEPEC, UFP); W. Anderson 8121 (MO); M. Martins
753 (VIC); A. Prata et al. 167 (UFP, UFRR); L. Smith
et al. 14434 (HBR, MBM, US). Notes: widely
distributed and common in open, damp areas. Very
similar to R. marisculus Nees ex Lindl. & Nees.
Guaglianone (1979) and Guaglianone et al. (2008)
treated R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale and R. pungens Liebm.
as distinct taxa.
36.125. R. rupicola M. T. Strong, Novon 11:270.
2001. Region: N (?). Voucher: not seen. Notes: found
on rock outcrops and rocky savannas in Guayana
and Surinam, very near the Brazilian border, and
expected to be in Brazil. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.126. R. rupestris A.C.Arajo & W.W. Thomas,
Kew. Bull. 63(2):306. 2008. - Syn.: R. longibracteata
Boeck. var. minor H. Pfeiff. - Regions: NE, SE, S (?),
CO. Vouchers: A. Arajo et al. 648 (ICN, SPF), id.
1233 (CEPEC, NY, SPF); W. Thomas 4848 (ICN, NY,
SPF). Notes: locally common in damp cerrado and
campos rupestres. Similar to R. albiceps Kunth.
Reference: Arajo (2001).
36.127. R. sampaioana Gross, Repert. Spec. Nov.
Regni Veg. 29:244. 1931. - Region: SE. Voucher: A.
Brade 14562 (RB, SI). Notes: endemic to the Atlantic
Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro and known
from only a few specimens collected over 30 years
ago. Reference: Guaglianone (2001).
36.128. R. sanariapensis Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot.
28:46. 1951. - Region: N (?).
Voucher: not seen. Notes: found on granitic
outcrops in southern Colombia, Guayana, and
southern Venezuela. Probably occurs in adjacent
Brazil. Reference: Thomas (1998).
36.129. R. saxisavanicola M. T. Strong, Novon
15:482. 2005. Region: N (?). Voucher: not seen.
Notes: seepage slopes and rocky savannas in
southern Surinam and French Guiana; to be
expected in adjacent Brazil. Reference: Strong
(2006).
36.130. R. schomburgkiana (Boeck.) T. Koyama,
Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23:67. 1972. - Syn.:
Micropapyrus viviparioides Sss. - Region: N.
Voucher: J. Pires 13932 (IAN, MG, RB). Notes:
found on occasionally flooded savannas in the
Guianas, southern Venezuela, and adjacent Brazil.
Reference: Eiten (1976b).
36.131. R. scutellata Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.:246. 1866.
- Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach
26146 (MBM); H. Irwin et al. 24129 (UB); M.
Sobral 3253 (ICN); Tenrio 69-592 (IPA); Vanzela
25 (UFP). Notes: widely distributed in marshes and
ponds. Reference: Guaglianone & Moore (2001).
- R. sellowiana Steud. [= R. tenerrima Nees ex
Spreng.]. This name is still under discussion.
36.132. R. semihirsuta Boeck., Linnaea 34:614.
1873. - Region: N (?). Voucher: F. Sellow s.n. (B, not
seen). Notes: no data is available about this name
and needs further studies. Reference: Govaerts et
al. (2007).
36.133. R. setigera (Kunth) Boeck., Vidensk.
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn
1869:145. 1869. - Regions: NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
M. Alves et al. 1717 (NY, SP, UFP); M. Luceo et
al. EBNN165 (UFP); T. Pedersen 14766 (MO); R.
Reitz & Klein 4753 (HBR). Notes: found in high
altitudes grasslands, campos rupestres,
cerrado, and savannas. Reference: Barros (1960).
36.134. R. smithii W.W. Thomas, Mem. New York
Bot. Gard. 37:37. 1984. -
Region: S. Voucher: R. Reitz & R. Klein 8379 (HBR,
SI, US). Notes: known from bogs at the type locality
in the state of Santa Catarina. Barros (1960) cited
this specimen above as R. berterii (Spreng.) C.B.
Clarke, as a clear mistake on the identfication.
46 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
36.135. R. speciosa (Kunth) Boeck., Linnaea 37:536.
1873. - Syn.: R. longifolia Boeck. - Regions: CO,
SE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1721 (BHCB, NY, SI,
SP, UB, UFP); W. Thomas et al. 4835 (MO, NY, SPF).
Notes: almost entirely restricted to the Cadeia do
Espinhao; endemic to cerrado and campos
rupestres. This species is dried for ornamental
handcrafts. Govaerts et al. (2007) cited this name
under R. consanguinea (Kunth) Boeck. Reference:
Arajo (2001).
36.136. R. splendens Lindm., Kongl. Svenska
Vetensk. Acad. Handl. , ser. 3, 26(9):26. 1900. -
Regions: NE, CO (?), SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et
al. 1626 (CEPEC, NY, SP, UB, UFP); R. Reitz 5085
(HBR); D. Sucre 3484 (NY, RB). Notes: forest edges
and slopes in the Atlantic Forest. Similar to R.
exaltata Kunth. Barros (1960) cited R. splendens
Lindm. f. composite Kk. to the states of Santa
Catarina and Mato Grosso.
36.137. R. spruceana C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:90. 1908. - Syn.: R. filiformis Vahl var. latifolia
Uitt.; R. graminea Uitt. - Regions: N, CO, SE, S.
Vouchers: P. Heringer 10133 (NY, UB); H. Longhi-
Wagner et al. 8943 (ICN); V. Souza et al. 6140
(SPF). Notes: probably endemic to dry grasslands
and white sand savannas.
36.138. R. stenocarpa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:294. 1837.
- Region: SE. Vouchers: A. Glaziou 17880 (NY, P, R);
E. Pereira 9062 (HB, RB). Notes: known only from
a few specimens collected over 50 years ago; and
recorded to Paraguay. Reference: Guaglianone (2001).
36.139. R. stolonifera (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea
37:562. 1873. - Regions: NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: W.
Anderson 36717 (MO, NY); H. Irwin et al. 12160
(MO, NY, RB); id. 14560 (MO, NY, RB). Notes:
probably endemic to Brazil and known from damp
areas in cerrado.
36.140. R. stricta Boeck., Linnaea 37:603. 1873. -
Syn.: R. cajennensis Boeck.; R. demerarensis C.B.
Clarke; R. stricta Kunth var. demerarensis (C.B.
Clarke) Kk. Regions: N (?), NE. Voucher: R. Harley
et al. 15950 (K, NY). Notes: found near streams in
cerrado and campos rupestres. Strong (2006)
distinguishes R. stricta Kunth from R. cajennensis
Boeck., which is known from the Guianas and occurs
in adjacent Brazil. Reference: Rocha & Luceo
(2002).
36.141. R. subdicephala T. Koyama, Bull. Nat. Sci.
Mus. Tokyo, Ser. B. 2:173. 1976. - Region: N.
Voucher: J. Pires et al. 48820 (MG, NY). Notes:
found in rocky savannas in the Guianas, Venezuela
and Amap. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.142. R. subplumosa C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:34. 1908. - Syn.: R. minor Schnee; R.
trichochaeta C. B. Clarke var. venezuelensis
Steyerm.; R. wallichiana Boeck. - Region: N.
Voucher: I. Miranda 772 (INPA, UFP). Notes: found
in savannas in southern Colombia, Guayana,
southern Venezuela, and state of Roraima. Similar
to R. trichochaeta C.B. Clarke. Reference: Koyama
(1972b).
36.143. R. sublanata Lindm. & Donsel., Acta Bot.
Nerl. 20:444. 1971. - Region: N (?). Voucher: not
seen. Notes: known from savannas in Surinam and
Guayana near the Brazilian border; to be expected
in adjacent Brazil. Reference: Strong (2006).
36.144. R. subsetosa C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:36. 1908. - Syn.: R. selloiana Boeck. - Regions:
NE, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Arajo 1622 (ICN, NY); R.
Harley et al. 17148 (K, RB); L.Smith et al. 1948
(MO). Notes: found in forests and along streams.
This species is similar to R. glaziovii Boeck.
36.145. R. subtilis Boeck., Cyper. Nov. 1:25. 1888. -
Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: A. Brade 9931 (R); L.
Smith & R. Klein 13654 (HBR, NY, R). Notes: found
in bogs at high elevations. Reference: Rocha &
Luceo (2002).
36.146. R. tenella (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 37:595.
1873. - Regions: N, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves
& E. Santos 1286 (HTO, UFP); V. Pott et al. 8777
(HMS); R. Reitz 5276 (HBR); L. Smith et al. 14493
(R). Notes: found in savannas. Reference: Rocha &
Luceo (2002).
36.147. R. tenerrima Nees ex Spreng., Syst. Veg.
4(2):26. 1827. - Syn.: (?)R. sellowiana Steud.; R.
setacea Boeck. f. filicula Kk. - Regions: N, NE,
CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves 1423 (HTO, UFP); A.
Amorim et al. 1744 (CEPEC, NY); W. Anderson
9654 (UB); M. Martins 658 (UFP, VIC); R. Reitz &
R. Klein 10292 (HBR). Notes: found in open damp
areas, restinga, cerrado, and campos
rupestres. Thomas (1998) cited two subspecies
for Brazil: R. tenerrima Nees ex Spreng subsp. fallax
(Uitt.) T. Koyama and R. tenerrima Nees ex Spreng
subsp. tenerrima. Reference: Koyama (1972b).
36.148. R. tenuis Link, Jahrb. Gewachsk. 1(3):76.
1820. - Syn.: Dichromena linkii J.C. Marcbr.;
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
47
Rhynchospora tenuis Link subsp. austrobrasiliensis
T. Koyama - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers:
M. Martins 675 (UFP, VIC); A. Miranda et al. 1977
(HST, SP); C. Muniz 388 (SP, UFP); L. Smith & R.
Reitz 14316 (HBR, US). Notes: widely distributed
in open, sandy, wet areas. Koyama (1972b) cited
three infraspecific taxa to Brazil: R. tenuis Link subsp.
tenuis; R. tenuis Link subsp. austrobrasiliensis T.
Koyama and R. tenuis Link subsp. riparia (Nees)
T. Koyama. The latter is considered a dstinct species
in this catalogue under the name R. riparia (Nees)
Boeck. following Thomas (1998) and Rocha &
Luceo (2002). Guaglianone et al. (2008) accepted
two of the three subspecies.
36.149. R. terminalis (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl.
Glumac. :143. 1855. - Syn.: R. crassipes Boeck.; R.
minarum Steud.; R. rosemariana D.A. Simpson; R.
subcapitata Boeck.; R. terminalis (Nees) Steud.
var. crassipes (Boeck.) Kk.; R. terminalis (Nees)
Steud. f. pallida (Nees) Kk. - Region: N, NE, CO,
SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1716 (NY, SI, SP,
UFP); G. Hatschbach et al. 20160 (HB, MBM, MO,
NY, SPF, UEC); A. Giullietti et al. CFCR2438 (NY,
SPF, UB);. Notes: found in cerrado and rocky
savannas. Reference: Arajo et al. (2004).
36.150. R. testaceae Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel.
Dansk. Naturhist. Foren Kjobenhavn 1869:144. 1869.
- Region: SE. Voucher: E. Warming s.n. (not seen).
Notes: the type-specimen is from Lagoa Santa, state
of Minas Gerais. It is a possible synonym but needs
further investigation. Reference: Govaerts et al.
(2007).
36.151. R. trichochaeta C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:34. 1908. - Regions: N, NE, CO.
Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1306 (HTO, UFP); R.
Kral & M. Wanderley 75332 (SP). Notes: found in
damp clearings, rocky savannas and cerrado.
References: Koyama (1972b).
36.152. R. triflora (Poir.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2:231. 1806.
- Syn.: Dichromena triflora (Vahl) J.C. Macbr.;
Ephippiorhynchium triflorum (Vahl) Nees -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: W. Anderson
et al. 9552 (MO, NY); P. Dusn 10082 (K, P); G.
Hatschbach 23879 (MBM, NY); M. Luceo et al.
EBNN550 (TEPB, UFP); W. Thomas et al. 5232 (NY,
SI). Notes: found in marshes and stream sides.
36.153. R. trispicata (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:145. 1855. - Syn.: Ephippiorhynchium trispicatum
Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: D. Lima
66-4702 (IPA); G. Hatschbach 23527 (M, MBM,
NY); H. Irwin et al. 17080 (MO, NY, UB); L. Pessoni
243 (UFRR). Notes: marshes and stream sides.
36.154. R. uniflora Boeck., Flora 63:439. 1880. -
Regions: N (?), SE, S. Vouchers: J. Cordeiro 2129
(MBM, RB); E. Pereira 5493 (RB). Notes: forest
clearings, usually at elevations of over 1000 m.
Thomas (1998) cited this species as an example of
disjunct distribution, between southeastern Brazil
and the Guyana Highland of Venezuela. The species
will probably be found to occur on the Brazilian
side of the border with Venezuela. Very similar to R.
biflora Boeck., which has darker spikelets and
smaller achenes.
- R. urbanii Boeck. [No records were found related
to this name. It is possibly a nomen nudum and
needs more investigation].
36.155. R. velutina (Kunth) Boeck., Vidensk.
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1869:
149. 1869. - Syn.: R. rufa (Nees) Boeck.; R. velutina
(Kunth) Boeck. var. sellowiana Boeck. - Regions:
N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: A. Duarte 3547 (NY,
RB); L. Flix 859 (JPB, UFP); G. Hatschbach 28481
(MBM, MO); T. Koyama et al. 13816 (NY, SP, UFP);
G. Prance et al. 3379 (IAN, NY). Notes: marshes
and damp savannas. Reference: Koyama (1972b).
36.156. R. warmingii Boeck., Linnaea 37:530. 1837.
- Regions: NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: A. Arajo et al.
1240 (CEPEC, MO, NY, SPF); G. Prance 19207
(INPA, K, MO, NY, US); G. Hatschbach 45639
(MBM). Notes: dry areas of cerrado and campos
rupestres of Brazil, but with a single collection
from eastern Bolivia. The distribution of this species
has been reduced in the last 40 years. This species
is widely collected to be used as dried plants for
ornamental handcrafts. Reference: Simpson (1995).
36.157. R. wightiana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:148.
1855. - Syn.: Haplostylis whightiana Steud.;
Trichochaeta tenuis Steud. - Region: NE. Voucher:
R. Gardner 2385 (K). Reference: Arajo et al. (2007).
37. Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla - Number of
species: 4.
37.1. S. americanus (Pers) Volkart ex Schinz & R
Keller, Fl. Schweiz ed. 2, 1:75. 1905. - Syn.:
Schoenoplectus chilensis (Nees & Meyen) Sojk;
Scirpus chilensis Nees & Meyen; S. olneyi A. Gray
48 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
- Region: S. Voucher: D. Falkenberg 1933 (FLOR,
ICN). Reference: Barros (1960).
37.2. S. californicus (C.A. Mey.) Sojk, Cas. Nar.
Mus. Odd. Prir. 140(3-4):127. 1972. - Syn.:
Malacochaete riparia Nees & Meyen; Scirpus
californicus (C.A. Meyer) Steud.; S. rigidus Schrad.
ex Nees; S. riparius J. Presl & C. Presl - Regions:
SE, S.
Vouchers: A. Sampaio 8897 (RB); G. Hatschbach
2515 (HBR, MBM). Notes: two varieties are
accepted for this species, but only the typical one
is found in Brazil - Schoenoplectus californicus
(C.A. Mey.) Sojk var. californicus. The other
variety is reported to Argentina and Chile
[Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Sojk
var. spoliatus (Barros) Vegetti]. Reference: Barros
(1960).
37.3. S. supinus (L.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10:299.
1888. - Syn.: Scirpus supinus L. - Region: S.
Vouchers: R. Reitz 4454 (HBR). Notes: Barros (1960)
and Guaglianone et al. (2008) reported this species
to the state of Santa Catarina, however the identity
of this specimen needs further confirmation.
37.4. S. tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla, Verh.
K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien:49. 1888. - Syn.:
Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A. Lve & D. Lve;
Scirpus validus Vahl - Region: S. Vouchers: C.
Kozera 242 (ICN, MBM). Notes: this species is
reported to United States, Great Antilles and the
southern of South America. In Brazil is cited to the
states of Paran, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do
Sul. Reference: Barros (1960).
38. Schoenus L. - Number of species: 1.
38.1. S. lymansmithii M.T. Strong, Harvard Pap.
Bot. 4(1):275-277. 1999. - Region: S. Voucher: R.
Trevisan 946 (ICN). Notes: endemic to the
highlands of Morro da Igreja in the state of Santa
Catarina. Reference: Strong (1999).
39. Scirpus L. - Number of species: 1
39. 1. S. giganteus Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:172. 1837. -
Syn.: Androcoma speciosa Nees; Androtrichum
giganteum (Kunth) H. Pfeiff.; A. speciosum (Nees)
Herter - Region: S. Voucher: J. Waechter 2187 (ICN).
Notes: very common in flooded areas in south Brazilian
coastlands as well as Uruguay and Argentina. This
species was described by Kunth into the genus
Scirpus in 1837. Then, the species was accepted in
the genus Androtrichum by Pfeiffer (1940),
however its characteristics do not match with the
circumscription of Scirpus s.s. and neither with
Androtrichum. Scirpus giganteus Kunth is under
studies to figure out the real position of this species
into the family. References: Barros (1960).
40. Scleria Berg. - Number of species: 82.
40.1. S. acanthocarpa Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel.
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1869:154.
1870. - Syn.: S. glazioviana Boeck. - Regions: NE,
CO, SE. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 29884 (MBM,
MO); H. Irwin et al. 11857 (MO); M. Luceo s.n.
(UFP). Notes: known from a few specimens from
the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Gois.
Reference: Core (1952).
40.2. S. alpina Core, Brittonia 1:241. 1934. - Regions:
SE, S. Vouchers: Y. Mexia 4033 (NY, US); J.
Cordeiro 1634 (MO). Notes: known from a few
specimens from the states of Esprito Santo and
Paran. Reference: Core (1952).
40.3. S. amazonica Camelbecke, M. Strong &
Goetgh., Novon 7:98. 1997. Region: N.
Known from northern Amazonia in Colombia and
Venezuela. This is the first record of the species to
Brazil. Reference: Camelbecke & Goetghebeur
(1998).
40.4. S. anceps Liebm., Mexic. Halvgr.:69. 1850. -
Region: N (?). Voucher: not seen. Notes: possible
occurrence along the northern border of Brazil.
Reference: Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.5. S. arguta (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:172. 1855. - Syn.: Schizolepis arguta Nees -
Regions: CO, SE. Vouchers: Y. Mexia 5145 (NY); C.
Sasaki et al. 1714 (K). Notes: a possible synonym
of S. myricocarpa Kunth. Reference: Camelbecke
et al. (2003).
40.6. S. aromatica Core, Brittonia 1:239. 1934. -
Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: W. Anderson et al.
7125 (MO); M. Caxambu et al. 1887 (HCF, UEL) ;
H. Irwin et al. 22801 (MO). Notes: endemic to Brazil
and restricted to cerrado vegetation. Reference:
Core (1936).
40.7. S. atroglumis D.A. Simpson, Kew Bull.
48(4):709. 1993. - Regions: NE; SE. Vouchers: I.
Cordeiro et al. CFCR 853 (K, SP, SPF); R. Harley
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
49
et al. 26539 (CEPEC, K). Notes: endemic to Brazil
and restricted to a few populations in the state of
Bahia and Minas Gerais. Reference: Simpson (1995).
40.8. S. balansae Maury, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve
31(1):148. 1889. - Syn.: S. sellowiana Kunth var.
balansae (Maury) C.B. Clarke - Regions: SE, S.
Vouchers: A. Arajo et al. 1662 (ICN, K, NY); A.
Brade 20670 (RB). Reference: Muniz & Shepherd
(1987).
40.9. S. bracteata Cav., Icon. 5:34, t.457. 1799. - Syn.:
Macrolomia bracteata Schrad. -Regions: N, NE,
CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves et al. 1883 (CEPEC,
SP, UFP); D. Folli 3344 (CVRD, UFP); G.
Hatschbach 32383 (MBM, Z); R. Klein et al. 6066
(FLOR, HBR, ICN); Santos 545 (HTO, UFP). Notes:
widely distributed and often in the understory of
secondary rainforest. Reference: Muniz &
Shepherd (1987).
40.10. S. bradei Pilg., Feddes Repert. 42:173. 1937.
- Region: SE. Voucher: A. Brade 12818 (RB). Notes:
known from the type locality in the state of Rio de
Janeiro. Reference: Core (1952).
- S. bueckina Schltdl. [No records were found
40.11. S. burchellii C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:56. 1908. - Region: CO. Voucher: W. Anderson
8032 (NY). Notes: known from the type specimen
with no cited locality. This species is
morphologicaly close to S. verticillata Muhl. ex
Willd. Reference: Core (1936).
40.12. S. castanea Core Brittonia 1:239. 1934. -
Region: SE. Voucher: A. Brade 15582 (RB). Notes:
known from a single collection on the state of Rio
de Janeiro. Reference: Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.13. S. catharinensis Boeck., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst.
2:158. 1896. - Region: S. Voucher: E. Ule 1923 (NY).
Notes: restricted to southern Brazil with few
collections known from the state of Santa Catarina.
This species is very close of S. burchelii C.B. Clarke,
S. cuyabensis Pilg. and S. verticillata Muhl ex Willd.
and has its limits not very cleared yet. Reference:
Barros (1960).
40.14. S. ciliata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:167. 1803.
- Syn.: S. brittonii Core; S. pauciflora Muhl ex
Willd. - Regions: N (?), S. Voucher: R. Trevisan 435
(ICN). Notes: few collections were found and all of
them from the state of Santa Catarina, but is
probably a case of misidentification. This species
is known from United States to West Indies.
40.15. S. clarkei Lindm., Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.
26(9):32. 1900. - Region: N. Voucher: A. Regnell 3289
(S). Notes: known from the type collection from the
state of Mato Grosso. Reference: Core (1936).
40.16. S. colorata Core, Brittonia 1:242. 1934. -
Region: S. Voucher: P. Dusn 3739 (S). Notes: known
from the type collection from the state of Paran.
40.17. S. comosa (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:171. 1855. - Syn.: Hymenolytrum comosum Nees -
Regions: N, NE, SE. Vouchers: G. Hatschbach 24260
(MBM); G. Prance et al. 20463 (NY). Notes: in
Brazil this species is known from few specimens.
40.18. S. composita (Nees) Boeck., Linnaea 38:444.
1874. - Syn.: Hypoporum compositum Nees -
Regions: CO, S (?). Voucher: H. Irwin et al. 24393
(K, MO). Notes: in Brazil this species is known from
few specimens. Reference: Camelbecke et al. (2003)
40.19. S. cyperina Willd. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl.. 2:345.
1837. - Syn.: Hymenolytrum cyperinum (Wild. ex
Kunth) Nees - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers:
M. Alves et al. 1981 (CEPEC, SP, UFP); H. Longhi-
Wagner et al. 5006 (ICN); V. Pott et al. 5674 (HMS);
A. Prata et al. 547 (INPA, SP). Notes: widely
distributed in the understory of dry and wet forests.
40.20. S. cuyabensis Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
30(1):144. 1901. - Regions: N, CO. Vouchers: H. Irwin
et al. 24394 (MO); M. Kuhlmann 1905 (RB). Notes:
restricted to cerrado vegetation in the states of
Gois and Mato Grosso. This is a possible
synonymous of S. catharinensis. The type
fragments at NY does not help the identification of
this species. See comments under S. catharinensis
Boeck. Reference: Core (1936).
40.21. S. distans Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 7:4. 1806. -
Syn.: S. hirtella Boeck., non S. hirtella Sw. -
al. 1822 (SP, UFP); A. Arajo & G. Silveira 1689
(ICN, K, NY); A. Prata et al. 175 (UFP, UFRR); id.
1089 (SP). Notes: widely distributed in sandy and
wet grasslands. Muniz & Shepherd (1987) and
Gomz-Lauriuto (2003) cited S. hirtella Sw. as a
synonym of this taxon. Actually S. hirtella Sw. is a
valid species, while the S. hirtella Boeck. is a
50 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
synonymous of S. distans Poir. (Core 1936).
Camelbecke et al. (2003) explained the
misunderstanding related to these names.
40.22. S. eggersiana Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 2:41. 1890.
- Syn.: S. mitis Berg. var. eggersiana (Willd.) T.
Koyama - Regions: N, NE (?), SE. Vouchers: D.
Arajo et al. 7581 (GUA, MO); M. Hopkins et al.
864 (INPA, NY, K, MG). Reference: Core (1936).
40.23. S. filiculmis Boeck., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 2:158.
1896. - Region: S. Voucher: R. Klein 6180 (FLOR, HBR,
ICN). Notes: known from a few specimens at the
local herbaria. Reference: Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.24. S. flagellum-nigrorum Berg., Kongl.
Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 26:144. 1765. - Region: N.
Voucher: F. Carvalho 768 (INPA, UFP). Notes:
restricted to the Amazon Forest and in Brazil is
recorded for the state of Amazonas. Reference:
Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.25. S. georgiana Core, 1(5-6):243. 1934. - Region:
S. Voucher: R. Klein 6180 (FLOR, HBR, ICN). Notes:
in Brazil is found just in the state of Santa Catarina.
Core (1936) report this species from North Carolina
to Texas and Jamaica which characterize a
disjunction between those areas and South
America. Guaglianone et al. (2008) cited this name
under S. filiculmis Boeck.
40.26. S. hirtella Sw., Prodr.:19. 1788. - Syn.:
Hypoporum hirtellum Nees; H. nutans Nees;
Scleria humilis Britt.; S. lindleyana C.B. Clarke; S.
mollis Kunth; S. nutans Willd.; S. pulchella Nees -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves et al.
1756 (NY, UFP); V. Pott et al. 5215 (HMS). Notes:
widely distributed in wet and sandy soils. Gmez-
Laurito (2003) cited this taxon as a synonym of S.
distans Poir. Muniz & Shepherd (1987) misidentified
S. distans Poir. as S.hirtella cited to So Paulo
(Brazil). Despite Core (1936) reported S. hirtella Sw.
as distributed from United States to Argentina, this
species occurs just on the tropical area. Reference:
40.27. S. huberi C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:60. 1908. - Regions: N, CO. Voucher: V. Pott et al.
3141 (CPAP, UPCB). Notes: the only specimen
collected in Brazil besides the type is from the of
Mato Grosso do Sul.
40.28. S. interrupta Rchb., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat.
Paris 1:113. 1792. - Regions: NE, CO, SE. Vouchers:
M. Alves et al. 23-95 (UFP); H. Irwin et al. 35045
(MO); M. Martins 727 (VIC). Notes: widely
distributed in wet and sandy soils. This species is
often misidentified as S. distans Poir., S. hirtella
Sw. and S. leptostachya Kunth. Reference: Martins
et al. (1999).
40.29. S. lacustris C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anales
Acad. Ci. Med. Habana 8:152. 1871. -Regions: N,
NE. Vouchers: M. Bona-Nascimento 632 (TEPB).
Notes: large, aquatic herbs common along large
rivers in the Amazon Forest and locally used as a
source for animal food. Reference: Camelbecke et
al. (2003).
40.30. S. lagoensis Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk
Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1869:151. 1870. - Syn.:
S. moritziana Boeck. - Regions: N (?), CO, SE.
Vouchers: E. Warming (B); P. Heringer 8666 (RB,
UB). Notes: in Brazil this species is known from a
few specimens including the type specimen
collected in the county of Lagoa Santa, state of
Minas Gerais (Southeastern Brazil). Camelbecke et
al. (2003) reported this species to Bolivia without
to refer any voucher.
40.31. S. latifolia Sw., Prod.:18. 1788. - Syn.:
Omoscleria flagellum Nees; Schizolepis latifolia
Sw.; S. olyroides Nees; S. sylvestris Nees; S.
trigonocarpa Nees; Scleria arundinacea Kunth;
S. cyanocarpa Kunth; S. flagellum Spreng.; S.
latifolia Sw. var. arundinacea (Kunth) H. Pfeiff.; S.
latifolia Sw. var. foliosa (Nees) T. Koyama; S.
loefgreniana Boeck.; S. olyroides Kunth; S.
trigonocarpa (Nees) Steud. - Regions: N, NE, CO,
SE, S. Voucher: M. Alves et al. 294-95 (TEPB, UFP);
A. Arajo et al. 1687 (ICN); M. Martins 731 (VIC);
R. Mendona et al. 389 (IBGE, NY); M. Rodal et al.
1356 (PEUFR, NY). Notes: common herb distributed
in the understory of wet and dry forests. References:
Muniz & Shepherd 1987; Martins et al. (1999).
40.32. S. leptostachya Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:354. 1837.
- Syn.: Hypoporum leptostachyum Nees - Regions:
N, NE, CO, SE, S. Voucher: G. Hatschbach 26041
(MBM, RB, S, Z); H. Irwin et al. 2281 (NY, RB); H.
Longhi-Wagner et al. 3826 (ICN, MBM); R. Orlandi
et al. 633 (RB); V. Pott et al. 6845 (HMS). Notes:
widely distributed in wet and sandy soils. This
species is often misidentified as S. distans Poir., S.
hirtella Sw., and S. interrupta Rchb. References:
Muniz & Shepherd 1987; Martins et al. (1999).
40.33. S. lithosperma (L.) Sw., Prodr.:18. 1788. -
Region: N. Voucher: L. Eiten & G. Eiten 10046 (MO,
UB). Notes: few specimens are known from Brazil.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
51
40.34. S. longigluma Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56:22.
1921. - Regions: N, CO. Vouchers: W. Anderson et
al. 9554 (NY, RB); M. Kuhlmann 1888 (RB). Notes:
few specimens are known from Brazil, restricted to
the Amazon Forest and cerrado along narrow streams.
Reference: Camelbecke & Goetghebeur (2002).
40.35. S. macbrideana R. Gross., Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Bot. Ser. 11(2):40. 1931. - Region: N (?). Voucher:
not seen. Notes: the occurrence of this species is
expected along the western border of the Amazon
Forest in the states of Acre and Amazonas.
40.36. S. macrogyne C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit.
Ser. 8:59. 1908. - Syn.: S. pyramidalis Hochst ex
Steud. (nov. syn.) - Regions: N, NE, CO (?). Vouchers:
R. Gardner 2985 (K); G. Prance 59397 (MG, MO);
G. Sousa C120 (RB, TEPB). Notes: large herbs
restricted to the Amazon Forest and slots into the
cerrado and along streams.
Reference: Camelbecke & Goetghebeur (2002).
40.37. S. macrophylla J. Presl & C. Presl, Reliq.
Haenk. 1:200. 1828. - Syn.: Ophryoscleria paludosa
Nees; Scleria macrocarpa Salz.; S. paludosa Poepp.
& Kunth - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: M.
Alves & F. Lima 1023 (HTO, UFP); G. Hatschbach
59576 (MBM, MO); S. Mori et al. 12237 (CEPEC,
NY). Notes: large herbs restricted to the Amazon
Forest and the Atlantic Forest and often close to
small streams. Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.38. S. martii (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:171. 1855. - Syn.: Hymenolytrum martii Nees;
Scleria cyperinoides C.B. Clarke - Regions: N, CO.
Vouchers: C. Farney et al. 2078 (INPA, K, NY, RB);
C. Ferreira et al. 5685 (INPA, K). Notes: large herbs
in wet forests. Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.39. S. melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.,
Linnaea 6(1):29. 1831. - Syn.: S. pratensis Lindl. ex
Nees; S. pterota Presl.; S. pterota Presl. var.
melaleuca (Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.) Uitt. -
al. 2053 (CEPEC, NY, SP, UFP); A. Arajo 1694
(ICN, K, NY); M. Martins 737 (VIC); I. Miranda
976 (INPA, UFP). Notes: slender herbs widely
distributed in wet and dry forests with some degree
of disturbance. References: Muniz & Shepherd
(1987); Martins et al. (1999).
40.40. S. mexicana (Liebm.) Boeck., Linnaea 38:500.
1874. - Syn.: Ophryoscleria sororia Nees; Scleria
sororia Kunth - Regions: N, NE, SE. Vouchers: D.
Arajo et al. 7581 (GUA, RB); D. Lima 50638 (IPA);
C. Muniz 178 (SP, UFP). Notes: few specimens have
been collected in wet forests in Brazil. Reference:
Muniz & Shepherd (1987).
40.41. S. microcarpa Nees ex Kunth, Enum. Pl.
2:341. 1837. - Syn.: S. ovuligera Rchb. ex Steud. -
Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M. Alves 1158
(HTO, UFP); D. Arajo et al. 1112 (GUA, NY); M.
Kuhlmann 3619 (SP); S. Mori et al. 10547 (CEPEC,
NY); A. Prata et al. 471 (SP). Notes: widely
distributed in some disturbed wet and dry forests.
Reference: Muniz & Shepherd (1987).
40.42. S. millespicula T. Koyama, Bot. Mag.
(Tokyo) 97:418. 1984. - Regions: NE, SE. Vouchers:
R. Belm et al. 1528 (NY, UB); T. Santos et al. 1978
(CEPEC, NY). Notes: restricted to the Atlantic Forest
of southern state of Bahia and the states of Espirito
Santo and Rio de Janeiro. Reference: Koyama
(1984).
40.43. S. minima C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:57. 1908. - Syn.: Scleria minima C.B. Clarke f.
angustifolia Kk. - Regions: N (?); CO. Voucher: W.
Burchell 6914-2 (K). Notes: known from two
collections in the states of Gois and Mato Grosso.
Core (1936) cited part of another specimen from
state of Amazonas as a fragment of this species.
However, it has not yet been confirmed. Reference:
Core (1936).
40.44. S. mitis Berg., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl.
26:145. 1765. - Syn.: Ophryoscleria lucida Nees; O.
mitis Nees; O. riparia Nees; Scleria lucida (Nees)
Steud. - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: M.
Alves et al. 293-95 (UFP); G. Hatschbach et al.
23863 (MBM); T. Koyama et al. 13764 (NY, SP);
H. Longhi-Wagner & A. Arajo 3326 (ICN, SPF);
A. Prata et al. 429 (UFRR). Notes: widely
distributed in dry and wet, disturbed forest.
40.45. S. myricocarpa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:347. 1837.
- Syn.: Schizolepis myricocarpa Nees; Scleria
atropurpurea Boeck.; S. microstachya Boeck.; S.
myricocarpa Kunth f. pallida Kunth ex Nees -
Regions: N, SE, S. Vouchers: W. Anderson 12277
(INPA, MG, MICH, NY); G. Hatschbach 2120
(MBM); Muniz et al. 45 (SP). Notes: restricted to
Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Reference: Muniz &
Shepherd (1987).
40.46. S. neogranatensis C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:62. 1908. - Region: N. Voucher: G.
52 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
Prance et al. 7727 (INPA, K, NY, US). Notes: in
Brazil restricted to the Amazon Forest in the states
of Acre and Amazonas. Reference: Camelbecke &
Goetghebeur (2002).
40.47. S. obtusa Core, Brittonia 1:240. 1934. -
Regions: NE, SE. Voucher: not seen. Notes: Core
(1936) cited two specimens for the states of
Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro, however, neither
collection has yet been located. Reference:
40.48. S. panicoides Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:348. 1837. -
Syn.: Schizolepis panicoides Nees - Regions: N,
NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: R. Forzza et al. 3461 (RB);
G. Hatschbach 25203 (MBM); R. Reitz & R. Klein
3270 (HBR); E. Tenrio 71-1353 (PEUFR). Notes:
widely distributed in wet forests, often in Atlantic
Forest from the state of Espirito Santo to the south.
Barros (1960) cited S. tuberculata (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff.
to the state of Santa Catarina, but it can be a possible
mistake. The specimen studied by him has not yet
been analyzed. Reference: Muniz & Shepherd
(1987).
40.49. S. pernambucana Luceo & M. Alves,
Candollea 52:196. 1997. - Region: NE. Voucher: M.
Alves et al. 73-95 (UFP). Notes: known from a few
specimens collected in Atlantic Forest in the state
of Pernambuco.
40.50. S. phylloptera C. Wright ex Griseb. Cat. Pl.
Cub.:248. 1866. - Regions: N, CO, SE. Vouchers: W.
Anderson et al. 10681 (K); A. Brade 6158 (SP); G.
Hatschbach 29462 (MBM). Notes: Core (1936)
cited this taxon for the state of Goias but it has not
yet been confirmed. The collections available in
the local herbaria are from the states of Mato
Grosso, Par and So Paulo. Reference: Muniz &
Shepherd (1987).
40.51. S. plusiophylla Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:172. 1855. - Syn: Schizolepis foliosa Nees -
Regions: N (?), NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: C. Muniz
357 (SP, UFP); R. Reitz & R. Klein 7912 (HBR).
Notes: in Brazil known from few specimens. Its
occurrence in the state of Rondnia has not yet
been confirmed. This name is also found as a
synonym of S. latifolia Sw. var. foliosa (Nees) T.
Koyama. Reference: Muniz & Shepherd (1987).
40.52. S. poeppgii (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:171. 1855. - Region: N. Voucher: not seen. Notes:
cited to the state of Amazonas but not confirmed
yet. Reference: Core (1936).
40.53. S. purdiei C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:57. 1908. - Region: N. Voucher: A. Janssen 238
(INPA, MO). Notes: restricted to the Amazon Forest
and in Brazil known from the state of Amazonas.
40.54. S. pusilla Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30(1):144.
1901. - Regions: N, CO (?). Voucher: T. Plowman et
al. 8664 (NY, MO, UB). Notes: restricted to the
Amazon Forest and in Brazil known from a few
collections. Reference: Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.55. S. racemosa Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 7:6. 1806,
non S. racemosa Bojer. - Syn.: Ophryoscleria
racemosa (Poir.) Nees; Scleria macrocarpa Nees -
Region: NE. Voucher: not seen. Notes: this is species
is known to Africa, however Nees (1842) cited it to
the state of Bahia.
40.56. S. ramosa C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:57. 1908. - Regions: N, CO. Voucher: G. Hatschbach
33191 (MBM). Notes: restricted to the Amazon
Forest and in Brazil known from a few collections
from the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso and
Gois. References: Core (1936); Camelbecke &
Goetghebeur (1998).
40.57. S. reticularis Michx. ex Willd., Fl. Bor.-Amer.
2:167. 1803. - Syn.: S. muehlenbergii Steud.; S.
setacea Poir. - Regions: N, NE, SE, S (?). Vouchers:
M. Luceo & M. Guerra 199 (UFP); A. Mendes &
L. Pessoni 176 (UFRR, UFP); C. Muniz 475 (SP).
Notes: restricted to wet forest, and with few
specimens in the local herbaria. References: Core
(1936); Camelbecke & Goetghebeur (1998).
40.58. S. retroserrata Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56:21.
1921. - Region: N. Voucher: not seen. Notes: known
from the types collected in the state of Amazonas
by E. Ule and another specimen collected by P.
Luetzelburg in Brazil with no recorded locality.
40.59. S. robusta Camelbecke & Goetgh., Novon
10(4):359. 2000. - Syn.: S. grandis Core, non Labill.
- Region: N. Voucher: W. Baldwin Jr. 3412 (US).
Notes: restricted to the Amazon Forest and in Brazil
is recorded for the state of Amazonas. Reference:
Camelbecke & Goetghebeur (2002).
40.60. S. scabra Willd., Sp. Pl. 4(1):315. 1805. - Syn.:
S. cerradicola T. Koyama - Regions: N, NE, CO,
SE, S. Vouchers: A. Arajo et al. 1706 (ICN); M.
Luceo 282 (UFP); L. Pessoni & A. Prata 129
(UFRR); V. Souza et al. 9384 (ESA, UFP). Notes:
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
53
common in cerrado and campo rupestre
vegetation. References: Muniz & Shepherd (1987);
40.61. S. scandens Core, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 35:322.
1945. - Region: N. Voucher: W. Baldwin Jr. 3285
(US, not seen). Notes: in Brazil known from a single
collection from state of Amazonas. Reference:
Govaerts et al. (2007).
40.62. S. schenskyana Boeck., Beitr. Cyper. 2:31.
1890. - Region: SE. Voucher: H. Schenck s.n. (B -
destroyed?, not seen). Notes: in Brazil known from
a single collection from state of Minas Gerais.
Reference: Govaerts et al. (2007).
40.63. S. scrabiuscula Schltdl., Linnaea 20:544.
1847. - Syn.: S. schedeana Schltdl. -
Region: S. Voucher: not seen. Notes: in Brazil known
from a single collection from state of Paran.
Reference: Core 1936.
40.64. S. secans (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:169. 1900.
- Syn.: Mastigoscleria reflexa Nees; Scleria reflexa
Kunth - Regions: N, NE, CO, SE, S. Vouchers: D.
Lima 58-2901 (IPA, RB); M. Martins 807 (VIC); A.
Mendes & L. Pessoni 173 (UFP, UFRR); V. Pott et
al. 6435 (HMS); W. Thomas et al. 4615 (NY).
Notes: scandent herb widely distributed and often
in disturbed forests. References: Muniz & Shepherd
(1987); Martins et al. (1999).
40.65. S. sellowiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2:350. 1837. -
Syn.: Chondrolomia sellowiana Nees - Regions:
SE (?), S. Voucher: R. Reitz & R. Klein 5139 (HBR).
Notes: known from the state of Santa Catarina as S.
sellowiana Kunth var. glabriuscula Osten (Barros,
1960). Reference: Silveira & Longhi-Wagner (2008).
40.66. S. setulosociliata Boeck., Flora 65:30. 1882.
- Region: NE. Voucher: D. Lima 58-5746 (IPA).
Notes: known from a single specimen collected in
the state of Pernambuco more than 30 years ago.
40.67. S. spicata (Spreng.) J.C. Macbr., Field Mus.
Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4(7):168. 1929. - Syn.: Hypoporum
pleostachyum Nees; Rhynchospora spicata
Spreng.; Scleria pleostachya Kunth - Regions:
SE, NE. Voucher: R. Harley et al. 19559 (K). Notes:
in Brazil known from a few specimens collected more
than 30 years ago in the states of Minas Gerais,
So Paulo and Bahia. Reference: Core (1936).
40.68. S. sprucei C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser.
8:61. 1908. - Regions: N, NE, CO. Vouchers: H. Irwin
et al. 14775 (CEPEC, NY); G. Prance et al. 5894
(INPA, MO); J. Ratter et al. 6231 (HRR). Notes:
restricted to the Amazon Forest and known from a
single collection in the state of Bahia. Reference:
40.69. S. stipitata Uitt., Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl.
30:89. 1933. - Region: NE. Voucher: J. Carvalho s.n.
(RB103103). Notes: known from a single collection
in the state of Maranho. Reference: Core (1936).
40.70. S. stipularis Nees, J. Bot. (Hooker) 2:394.
1840. - Syn.: Hymenolytrum silvestre Schrad. -
Regions: N, NE (?). Voucher: C. Davidson & G.
Martinelli 10654 (MO, RB). Notes: restricted to
the Amazon Forest and known from a few collections
from the states of Par, Tocantins and Rondnia.
Possible occurrence in the western part of the state
of Maranho. Reference: Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.71. S. tenacissima (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl.
Glumac. 2:175. 1855. - Syn.: Omoscleria tenacissima
Nees - Region: N. Voucher: R. Spruce s.n. (NY).
Notes: restricted to the Amazon Forest and in Brazil
is known from a single specimen from the state of
Par collected more than 100 years ago. Reference:
40.72. S. triglomerata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2:168.
1803. - Syn.: S. nitida Willd. - Region: N. Voucher:
not seen. Notes: known from Brazil from the type
specimen of one of the synonyms which has not
yet been located. Reference: Core (1936).
40.73. S. triquetra M.T. Strong, Novon 4(3):300-
302. 1994. - Region: N. Voucher: Silva 1977 (INPA,
MO, NY). Notes: restricted to the Amazon Forest
and in Brazil known from the state of Par.
40.74. S. uleana Boeck. ex C.B. Clarke, Kew Bull.
Addit. Ser. 8:60. 1908. - Regions: SE, S. Vouchers: G.
Hatschbach et al. 13355 (MBM, NY); G. Shepherd
et al. 8598 (UEC). Notes: known from the states of
So Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul and with few
specimens in the local herbaria. Reference: Muniz
& Shepher (1987).
40.75. S. vaginata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2:179.
1885. - Region: NE. Voucher: W. Thomas et al. 11301
(CEPEC, NY). Notes: in Brazil known from a few
specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest in the
state of Bahia. Reference: Camelbecke et al. (2003).
40.76. S. valdemuricata Kk., Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
56:20. 1921. - Region: N. Voucher: A. Prata et al.
212 (UFP, UFRR). Notes: known from a few
54 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
specimens collected in the Amazon Forest in the
states of Amazonas and Roraima. Reference: Core
(1936).
40.77. S. variegata (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:176. 1855. - Syn.: Hypoporum variegatum Nees -
Regions: CO, SE, S. Vouchers: P. Dusn 219A (G, M,
MO, S); H. Leito-Filho et al. 3196 (UEC); V. Pott
et al. 8610 (HMS). Notes: known from a few specimens
collected. Reference: Muniz & Shepherd (1987).
40.78. S. verrucosa Willd., Sp. Pl. 4:313. 1805.
Region: NE. Voucher: R. Gardner 1895 (K). Notes:
known from old collection from the state of Cear.
40.79. S. verticillata Muhl ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4(1):317.
1805. - Syn.: Hypoporum tenellum Nees; Scleria
micrococca (Liebm.) Steud.; S. tenella Kunth; S.
verticillata Muhl ex Willd. var. tenella (Kunth) Kk.
- Regions: N, NE, SE, S. Vouchers: J. Carvalho &
M. Bona-Nascimento 614 (TEPB); G. Hatschbach
et al. 62732 (MBM); C. Kozera et al. 2839 (UPCB).
40.80. S. violacea Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30(1):145.
1901. - Region: N. Voucher: C. Ferreira 5685 (INPA,
RB). Notes: known from a few specimens collected
in the Amazon Forest and restricted to the state of
Mato Grosso. Reference: Core (1936).
40.81. S. virgata (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac.
2:176. 1855. - Syn.: Hypoporum virgatum Nees -
Regions: NE, CO, SE. Vouchers: H. Longhi-Wagner
3954 (ICN, SP); M. Martins 728 (UFP, VIC); W.
Thomas et al. 10371 (CEPEC, MO, NY, SPF). Notes:
known from a few specimens collected along
streams in the Atlantic Forest. Muniz & Shepherd
(1987) cited this species for the state of Maranho.
40.82. S. warmingiana Boeck., Vidensk. Meddel.
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1869:152. 1870.
- Region: SE. Voucher: not seen. Notes: known only
from the type specimen collected in the state of
Minas Gerais by Warming. Reference: Core (1936).
41. Trilepis Nees - Number of species: 4.
41.1. T. ciliatifolia T. Koyama, Jap. J. Bot. 20(2):132.
1969. - Region: SE. - Voucher: Santos Lima & A.
Brade 13200 (RB). Notes: small herbs known from
some inselbergs in Atlantic Forest in the state of
Rio de Janeiro. Reference: Vitta 2002.
41.2. T. lhotzkiana Nees ex Arn., Edinburgh New
Philos. J. 17: 267. 1834. - Syn.: Trilepis alcatrazensis
Gilly; Trilepis eximia (C.B. Cleke) H. Pfeiff.; Trilepis
lhotzkiana Nees ex Arn. f. robusta (C.B. Clarke) H.
Pfeiff. - Regions: N, NE, SE. Vouchers: M. Alves et
al. 1853 (CEPEC, NY, UFP); P. Maas et al. 6705
(INPA, NY); L. Rossi et al. 800 (RB, SP). Notes:
small, cespitose herbs known from inselbergs in
the Amazon and Atlantic Forests. References:
Koyama & Maguire (1965); Vitta (2002).
41.3. T. microstachya (C.B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff., Repert.
Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18:385. 1922. - Region: SE.
Voucher: G. Hatschbach 49957 (MBM, MO). Notes:
small, cespitose herbs known from inselbergs in
the Atlantic Forest and possibly endemic to the
state of Rio de Janeiro. Reference: Vitta 2002.
41.4. T. tenuis Vitta, Brittonia 54(2):120-123. 2002. -
Region: SE. Voucher: D. Sucre 2807 (RB, NY). Notes:
small, cespitose herbs on inselbergs and known
from the type collection.
42. Uncinia Pers - Number of species: 1.
42.1. U. hamata (Sw.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 2:169. 1900.
- Regions: N, SE. Vouchers: G. Shepherd 9234
(MBM, UEC); E. Ule 8535 (NY). Notes: widely
distributed in high altitudes, however, known from
a single collection on Roraima Range but with
possible occurrence on the Neblina Massif too and
a collection in the National Park of Capara in Minas
Gerais. Reference: Kearns & Goetghebeur (1998).
List of cited synonyms:
- Abildgaardia disticha Lye [= 7.12], A.
monostachya (L.) Vahl [= 1.2], A. scirpoides Nees
[= 1.1].
- Acrocarpus humilis Nees [= 12.3], A. minarum
Nees [= 12.5], A. polyphyllus Nees [= 12.6].
- Androcoma speciosa Nees [= 2.1].
- Androtrichum giganteum Nees [= 2.1], A.
giganteum (Kunth) H. Pfeiff. [= 39.1], A.
polycephalum Brongn. [= 2.1], A. speciosum (Nees)
Herter [= 39.1].
- Becquerelia bicolor H. Pfeiff. [= 8.1], B. bullata
C.B. Clarke ex H. Pfeiff. [=22.4], B. cymosa Brongn.
subsp. merkeliana (Nees) T. Koyama [= 4.4], B.
martii (Nees) H. Pfeif.. [= 8.6], B. verruculosa Nees
[= 4.2].
- Bisboeckelera paporiensis Sss. [= 14.1].
- Blepharolepis leucoblepharis Nees [= 31.1].
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
55
- Bulbostylis aphylla Barros [= 7.4], B. closii Barros
[= 7.31], B. fimbriata (Nees) C.B. Clarke [= 7.3], B.
fluviatilis Kral & Davidse [= 7.35], B. francaensis
Palla [= 7.13], B. laeta C.B. Clarke [= 7.11], B.
langsdorffiana (Kunth) C.B. Clarke [= 7.21 ], B.
scabra (J. Presl & C. Presl) C. B. Clarke f. evolutior
Lindm. [= 7.31], B. spectabilis Kral & M. Strong [=
7.1], B. sphaerolepis (Boeck.) Beetle [= 7.43].
- Calyptrocarya angustifolia Lindl. & Nees [= 8.2],
C. longifolia Kunth [= 8.2], C. martii Nees [= 8.6].
- Carex albolutescens Schwein var. meridionalis
Kk. [= 9.14], C. catharinensis Boeck. [= 9.10], C.
extensa Gooden. var. vixdentata Kk. ex Osten [=
9.30], C. fuscula dUrv. var. distenta Kk. [= 9.6],
C. fuscula dUrv. var. hieronymi (Boeck.) Kk. [=
9.10], C. meridionalis (Kk.) Herter [= 9.14], C.
procera Kunth. [= 9.4], C. pseudocyperus L. var.
polysticha (Boeck.) Kk. [= 9.17], C. stenolepis
Torr. ex Dewey [= 9.9], C. uleana Boeck. [= 9.24],
C. uruguensis C.B. Clarke, hom. illeg. [= 9.28].
- Cephalocarpus polyphyllus (Ness.) H. Pfeiff. var.
ganglioneus H. Pfeiff. [= 36.43], C. polyphyllus
(Ness.) H. Pfeiff. var. itatiayus H. Pfeiff. [=36.43],
C. polyphyllus (Ness.) H. Pfeiff. var. typicus H.
Pfeiff. [= 12.6], C. shenkianus (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff. [=
12.8].
- Chaetocyperus bonariensis (Nees) Nees [= 17.9],
C. capillaceus (Kunth) Nees [= 17.12], C.
obtusatus Nees [= 17.58], C. polymorphus Lindl.
& Nees [= 17.40], C. punctatus Nees [= 17.45], C.
subarticulatus Nees [= 17.65], C. tenuiculus Nees
[= 17.24], C. viviparus Nees [= 17.40], C. pygmaea
Sss. [= 17.13].
- Chondrolomia sellowiana Nees [= 40.65].
- Cladium ensifolium (Boeck.) Benth. [= 28.2], C.
ficticium Hemsley [= 28.3], C. mariscus (L.) Pohl
subsp. jamaicense (Cranz) Kk. [= 11.2], C.
occidentale Roem. & Schult. [= 11.2].
- Comostemum montevidense Nees [= 2.1], C.
schottii Nees [= 13.78].
- Cryptangium dracaenula (Nees) Boeck. [= 10.2],
C. griseum Boeck. [= 26.7.], C. insigne Boeck. [=
26.2], C. nudipes C. B. Clarke [= 26.16], C. parvulum
C.B.Clarke [= 26.16], C. schenckianum Boeck. [=
12.8], C. strictum C.B. Clarke [= 12.4], C.
uliginosum Schrad. ex Nees [= 26.16].
- Cyperus adenophorus Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.47],
C. albomarginatus (Mart. ex Schrad.) Steud. [=
33.7], C. albomarginatus (Mart. ex Schrad.) Steud.
var. pachyanthemos Kk. [= 33.7], C. appendiculatus
(Brongn.) Kunth var. atlanticus (Helms.) Kk. [=
13.9], C. appendiculatus (Brongn.) Kunth var.
noronhae (Ridl.) Kk. [= 13.9], C. aristatus Rottb.,
nom. Illeg. [= 13.90], C. aristatus Rottb. var. inflexus
(Muehlenb.) Kk. [= 13.90], C. aurantiacus Kunth
[= 13.5], C. balansae Maury [= 13.83], C.
barrosianus Herter [= 33.15], C. berroi (C.B. Clarke)
T. Koyama comb. superfl. [= 13.10], C. brevifolius
(Rottb.) Hassk. [= 25.1], C. campestris Schrad. ex
Nees [= 13.50], C. capillifolius A.Rich. [= 33.1], C.
cayennensis (Lam.) Britt. [= 13.1], C. chamissoi
Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.54], C. coriaceus Schrad. ex
Nees [= 13.59], C. densicaespitosus Mattf. & Kk.
[= 25.4], C. densicaespitosus Mattf. & Kk. var.
major (Nees) Kk. [= 25.4], C. densiflorus Meyen.
[= 13.70], C. diffusus Vahl [= 13.58], C. diffusus
subsp. chalaranthus (J. Presl & C. Presl) Kk. [=
13.17], C. diffusus var. chalaranthus (J. Presl & C.
Presl) C.B. Clarke [= 13.17], C. diffusus Vahl var.
entrerianus (Boeck.) Kk. [= 13.34], C. diffusus Vahl
var. umbrosus (Lindl. & Nees) Kk. [= 13.58], C.
elegans Schrad. nom. illeg., non C. elegans L. [=
13.58], C. entrerianus Boeck. f. abbreviatus Kk.
[= 13.34], C. exiguus Nees [= 13.25], C. ferax Rich.
[= 13.70], C. ferax Rich. var. acicularis (Schrad.)
Kk. [= 13.70], C. ferax Rich. var. hayesii (C.B.
Clarke) Kk. [= 13.70], C. ferax Rich. var.
maximiliani (Schrad.) Boeck. [= 13.70], C. filiculmis
Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.40], C. flavescens L. [= 33.3],
C. flavescens L. var. piceus (Lindm.) Fernald. [=
33.12], C. flavicomus Michx. [= 33.7], C. flavus
(Vahl) Nees [= 13.1], C. flexuosus Vahl var. insignis
(Kunth) Kk. [=13.70], C. fraternus Kunth [=
13.81], C. fugax Liebm. [= 33.4], C. gracilescens
Roem. & Schult. [= 13.36], C. hamatus Schrad. ex
Nees [=13.25], C. helodes Schrad. ex Nees [=
13.36], C. hochstetteri Nees ex Krauss [= 33.7], C.
impolitus Kunth [= 13.83], C. lacustris Schrad. ex
Nees, non Phil. [= 13.65], C. laetus J. Presl. & C.
Presl. [= 13.83], C. laetus Kunth var. tenuissimus
Gross. & Kk. [= 13.45], C. lanceolatus Poir. [=
33.6], C. leucanthus Nees ex Schrad. [= 13.87], C.
luzulae (L.) Retz. var. entrerianus (Boeck.) Barros
[= 13.34], C. macrostachyos Lam. [= 33.7], C.
martianus Schrad. ex Roem. & Schult. [= 13.41], C.
megapotamicus Kunth [= 33.8], C. melanostachys
Kunth [= 33.10], C. mutisii (Kunth) Griseb. [=
13.6],C. niger Ruiz & Pv. [= 33.10], C. obtusatus
(J.S. Presl. & C. Presl.) Mattf. & Kk. [= 25.7], C.
56 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
cylindrostachyus (Boeck.) Kk. [= 25.7], C.
tenuis (Boeck.) Kk. [= 25.7], C. olfersianus Kunth
[= 33.6], C. oligostachyus Kunth [= 13.5], C.
oostachyus Nees [= 13.83], C. pelophilus Ridl. [=
33.11], C. peruvianus (Lam.) F.N. Williams var.
foliatus (Kk.) Kk. [= 25.6], C. pigmaeus Rottb.
[= 33.14], C. polystachyos Rottb. [= 33.13], C.
pumilus L. [= 33.14], C. radiatus Schrad. ex Nees
[= 13.50], C. riedelianus C.B. Clarke [= 13.21], C.
riparius Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.47], C. robustus
Kunth [= 13.100], C. sabulosus (Nees) Steud. [=
33.7], C. sanguineo-fuscus Hook.f., nom. illeg. [=
13.85], C. sellowianus (Kunth) T. Koyama [= 27.1],
C. sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kk. [= 25.3], C.
sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kk. f. bulbiferus Kk.
[= 25.3], C. sesquiflorus (Torr.) Mattf. & Kk. f.
gracilis (Boeck.) Kk. [= 25.3], C. tener (C.B.
Clarke) Osten ex Herter non Vahl [= 33.15], C. tenuis
Sw. [= 13.1], C. tephrodes Schrad. ex Nees [ =
13.28], C. umbrosus Lindl. & Nees [= 13.58], C.
unioloides R. Br. [= 13.16], C. virens Michx. var.
robustus (Kunth) Kk. [= 13.100], C. wacketii Kk.
[= 13.100].
- Dichromena amazonica (Poepp. & Kunth) H.
Pfeiff. [= 36.10], D. brevicaulis Suss. [= 36.50], D.
ciliata Vahl [= 36.32], D. canescens Maury [= 36.5],
D. consanguinea Kunth [= 36.37], D. filiformis
(Vahl) Kunth [= 36.60], D. gracilis C.B. Clarke [=
36.20], D. hispidula (Vahl) Kunth [= 36.49], D.
linkii J.C. Marcbr. [= 36.148], D. minarum Kunth
[= 36.105], D. nervosa Vahl [= 36.98], D. obtusifolia
Schrad. ex Nees [= 36.32], D. pubera Vahl [=
36.112], D. pura Nees [= 36.32], D. radicans
Schlech. & Cham. [= 36.113], D. rigida Kunth [=
36.118], D. robusta Kunth [= 36.121, D. triflora
(Vahl) J.C. Macbr. [= 36.152]. Diclidium aciculare
Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.70], D. ferax Schrad. ex Nees
[= 13.70], D. fuscatum Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.70],
D. lenticulare Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.70], D.
maximiliani Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.70], D. odoratum
Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.70].
- Didymiandrum stellatum (Boeck.) Gilly [= 12.7].
- Diplacrum longifolium (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke [=
14.1], D. longifolium (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke var.
angustifolium Kk[= 14.1], D. longifolium (Griseb.)
C.B. Clarke var. laevissimum Kk. [= 14.1].
- Diplasia pycnostachya Benth. [= 29.9].
- Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake [= 17.26],
E. confervoides (Poir.) G.C. Tucker [= 17.14], E.
elata Boeck. [= 17.54], E. fistulosa (Poir.) Link [=
17.1.],E. fistulosa (Poir.) Schult. [= 17.1.], E.
fistulosa (Poir.) Link var. obtusetrigona (Lindl. &
Nees) Barros [= 17.50], E. flaccida (Rchb. ex
Spreng.) Urb. var. flaccida [= 33.3], E. flaccida
(Rchb. ex Spreng.) Urb. var. douradae D.A.
Simpson [= 33.3], E. minima var. bicolor (Chapm.)
Svenson [= 17.8], E. mitrata (Griseb.) C.B. Clarke
[= 17.67], E. nodulosa (Roth) Schult. [= 17.41.], E.
punctata Boeck. [= 17.45], E. pygmeae (Sss.) L.T.
Eiten [= 17.13], E. ramboi H.E. Hess [= 17.61], E.
sulcata Nees ex Boeck. [= 17.24], E. widgrenii
Boeck. [= 17.65].
- Eleogenus ocreatus Nees [= 17.25], E. capitatus
(L.) Nees [= 17.26], E. laetevirens Nees [= 17.5], E.
nodulosus Nees [= 17.20], E. ocreatus Nees [=
17.25], E. schottianus Nees [= 17.37], E.
sellowianus (Kunth) Nees [= 17.61].
- Ephippiorhynchium longirostre (Nees) Nees var.
amazonicum (Poepp. & Kunth) Nees [= 36.10], E.
polycephalum (Pers.) Nees [= 36.75], E. triflorum
(Vahl) Nees [= 36.152], E. trispicatum Nees [=
36.153].
- Exochogyne steyermarkii Gilly [=19.1].
- Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. [= 20.6],
F. autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. var. complanata
(Retz) Barros [= 20.4], F. bahiensis Steud. [= 1.1],
F. brizoides Nees & Meyer [= 20.6], F. conspicua
Boeck. [= 7.11], F. cymosa R. Br. var. spathacea
(Roth) T. Koyama [= 20.5], F. diphylla (Retz) Vahl.
[= 20.6], F. divaricata Desv. ex Ham. [= 36.49], F.
frankii Steud. [= 20.3], F. glomerata Nees [= 20.5],
F. hirsuta Hoschst. ex Steud. [= 36.49], F. limosa
Poepp. & Kunth [= 20.6], F. littoralis Gaud. [= 2011],
F. monostachya (L.) Hassk. [= 1.2], F. paradoxa
(Spreng.) Alan [= 7.34], F. schomburgkiana Steud.
[= 7.39], F. spathacea Roth. [= 20.5].
- Fuirena bahiensis Lindl. & Nees ex Nees [= 21.3].
- Haplostylis whightiana Steud. [= 36.157].
- Helonema estrellensis Sss. [= 17.40].
-Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax [= 27.3], H.
subsquarrosa (Muhll.) Nees [= 27.3].
-Hoppia berroi C.B. Clarke [= 13.10], H. irrigua
Nees [= 5.1].
- Hymenolytrum comosum Nees [= 40.17], H.
cyperinum (Wild. ex Kunth) Nees [= 40.19], H.
martii Nees [= 40.38], H. silvestre Schrad. [= 40.70].
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
57
- Hypolytrum caespitosum Nees [= 22.10], H.
fuscum Nees [= 22.12], H. imeriense R. Gross [=
29.2], H. irrigum Nees [= 22.12], H. jenmanii C.B.
Clarke emend Uitten var. serratifolium Uitt. [= 22.9],
H. longifolium (Rich.) Nees subsp. nicaraguense
(Liebm.) T. Koyama [= 22.14], H. longifolium (Rich.)
Nees subsp. rubescens (C.B. Clarke) T. Koyama [=
22.20], H. longifolium (Rich.) Nees subsp.
sylvaticum (Kunth) T. Koyama [= 22.27], H.
macrophyllum Boeck. [= 22.21], H. microstachyum
Boeck. [= 22.21], H. punctatum Nees [= 22.27], H.
pungens Vahl [= 22.18].
- Hypoporum compositum Nees [= 40.18], H.
hirtellum Nees [= 40.26], H. leptostachyum Nees
[= 40.32], H. nutans Nees [= 40.26], H.
pleostachyum Nees [= 40.67.], H. tenellum Nees [=
40.79], H. variegatum Nees [= 40.77], H. virgatum
Nees [= 40.81]. - Isolepis sellowiana Kunth [= 7.40].
- Kyllinga caespitosa Nees [= 25.4], K. cayennensis
Lam. [= 13.1], K. cruciformis Schrad. ex Schult. [=
25.1], K. laxa Schrad. ex Nees [= 25.4], K. maculata
Michx. [= 27.2], K. martiana Schrad ex Nees [=
25.3], K. monocephala Rottb. [= 25.2], K. obtusata
Presl. [= 25.7], K. peruviana Lam. [= 25.7], K.
pungens Link [= 25.7], K. rigida Baldw. [= 25.7], K.
sesquiflora Torr. [= 25.3], K. stricta Schrad. ex Nees
[= 25.7].
- Lagenocarpus adamantinus Schrad. ex Nees var.
bracteosus (C.B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff. [= 26.3], L.
amazonicus (C.B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff. [= 19.1 C.B.
Clarke], L. ciponensis H. Pfeiff. [= 26.3], L. comatus
(Boeck.) H. Pfeiff. [= 12.2.], L. compactus D.A.
Simpson [= 26.9], L. dracaenula (Nees) H. Pfeif. [=
10.2], L. guianensis Lindley ex Nees f. gracilior H.
Pfeiff. [= 26.12], L. guianensis Lindley ex Nees
subsp. hypochaetus T. Koyama & Maguire [=
26.12], L. humilis (Nees) Kuntze [= 12.3.], L. insignis
(Boeck.) H.Pfeiff. [= 26.2], L. junciformis (Kunth)
Kuntze [= 12.4], L. martii Nees [= 26.11], L.
minarum (Nees) Kuntze [= 12.5], L. parvulus
(C.B.Clarke) H. Pfeiff. [= 26.16], L. pauciflorus
(Boeck.) H. Pfeiff. var. triquetris (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff.
[= 12.8], L. pauolensis Palla [= 26.11], L.
pedicellatus C.B. Clarke [= 26.11], L. polyphyllus
(Nees) Kuntze [= 12.6], L. polyphyllus (Nees)
Kuntze [= 12.6], L. polyphyllus (Nees) Kuntze var.
var. ganglioneus H. Pfeiff. [= 36.43], L. polyphyllus
(Nees) Kuntze var. itatiayus H. Pfeiff. [= 36.43], L.
polyphyllus (Nees) Kuntze var. typicus H. Pfeiff. [=
12.6], L. rigidus (Kunth) Nees subsp. tenuifolius
(Boeck.) T. Koyama & Maguire [= 26.14], L. rigidus
(Kunth) Nees subsp. tremulus (Nees) T. Koyama
& Maguire [= 26.11], L. shenckianus (Boeck.) H.
Pfeiff. [= 12.8], L. sericeus Boeck. ex H. Pfeiff [=
26.15], L. stellatus (Boeck.) Kuntze [= 12.7], L.
uliginosum (Schrad. ex Nees) Kunth [= 26.16], L.
topazinus Nees [= 26.11], L. triquetrus (Boeck.)
Kuntze [= 12.8], L. vestitus C.B. Clarke [= 26.15].
- Limnochloa articulata Lindl. & Nees [= 17.30],
L. crassiculmis Nees [= 17.20], L. constricta Nees
[= 17.20], L. montevidensis Nees [= 17.42], L.
mutata Nees [= 17.44], L. obsoleta Nees [= 17.30],
L. obtusetrigona Lindl. & Nees [= 17.50].
- Lipocarpha gracilis Nees [= 27.2], L. glomerata
Nees [= 27.1], L. mexicana Liebm. [= 27.2], L.
sellowiana Kunth [= 27.1], L. sphacelata (Vahl)
Kunth [= 27.2].
- Machaerina macrophylla (Boeck.) T. Koyama [=
28.3], M. scirpoidea (Steud.) T. Koyama var. ficticia
(Hemsey) T. Koyama [= 28.3].
- Macrolomia bracteata Schrad. [= 40.9].
- Malacochaete riparia Nees & Meyen [= 37.2].
- Mapania fluviatilis Sandwith [= 29.8], Mapania
schomburgkii C.B. Clarke [= 29.8].
- Mapaniopsis effusa C.B. Clarke [= 29.1], M.
micrococca T. Koyama [= 29.5].
- Mariscus aggregatus Willd. [= 13.1], M. beyrichii
Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.11], M. cearensis (R. Gross.
ex Kk.) T. Koyama [= 13.15], M. cornelii-ostenii
(Kk.) T. Koyama [= 13.23], M. diamantinus D.A.
Simpson [= 13.27], M. flavus Vahl [= 13.1], M.
filiformis (Vahl) T. Koyama [= 13.39], M. infuscatus
(Kunth) T. Koyama [= 13.52], M. latifolius Schrad.
ex Nees [= 13.1], M. ligularis (L.) Urb. [= 13.59],
M. longus Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.52], M.
meyenianus Nees [= 13.64], M. oligostachys
Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.64], M. palustris Schrad. [=
13.71], M. patulus Schrad. [= 13.1], M.
pedunculatus (R. Br.) T. Koyama [= 34.1], M. pohlii
(Nees) D.A. Simpson [= 13.76], M. uliginosus
Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.64], M. wackettii (Kk.) T.
Koyama [= 13.83].
- Mastigoscleria reflexa Nees [= Scleria secans
(L.) Urb.].
- Micropapyrus viviparioides Sss. [= 36.130].
- Nemochloa turbinata Nees [= 32.20].
- Omoscleria flagellum Nees [= 40.31], O.
tenacissima Nees [= 40.71].
58 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
- Oncostylis arenaria Nees [= 7.2], O. ciliata Nees
[= 7.5], O. circinata Nees [= 7.8], O. conifera Nees
[= 7.9], O. dubia Nees [= 7.5], O. fimbriata Nees [=
7.3], O. hirtella (Schrad. ex Schult.) Nees [= 7.21],
O. junciformis Nees [= 7.23], O. kunthiana Nees [=
7.10], O. paradoxa Nees [= 7.34], O. tenuifolia
Nees [= 7.48], O. truncata Nees [= 7.49].
- Ophryoscleria lucida Nees [= 40.44], O. mitis
Nees [= 40.44], O. paludosa Nees [=[= 40.37], O.
racemosa Nees [= 40.55], O. riparia Nees [= 40.44],
O. sororia Nees [= 40.40].
- Oreobolus obtusangulus Gaudich. subsp.
rubrovaginatus (Kuk.) T. Koyama [= 30.1]. -
Oxycaryum schomburgkianum Nees [= 31.1].
- Papyrus elegans Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.43], P.
gigantea Schrad. [= 13.43], P. pohlii Nees [=
13.76], P. radiata Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.43], P.
spectabilis Schrad. ex Nees [= 13.70].
- Platylepis brasiliensis Kunth [= 3.1], P.
leucocephala (Nees) Eiten [= 3.1], P.
xanthocephala Nees [= 3.1].
- Pleurostachys arrojadii H. Pfeiff. [= 32.7], P.
beyrichii (Nees) Steud. var. panicoides H. Pfeiff. [=
32.2], P. bradei R. Gross [= 32.15], P. calyptrocaryoides
R. Gross [= 32.18], P. cimaensis H. Pfeiff. [= 32.7],
P. densifoliolata H. Pfeiff. [= 32.4], P. dusenii (H.
Pfeiff.) H. Pfeiff. [= 32.21], P. elegans Kunth [=
32.19.], P. gaudichaudii Brongn. f. minor Nees [=
32.8], P. gracilis C.B. Clarke [= 32.8], P. grandifolia
Boeck. [= 32.13], P. hoheneana R. Gross [= 32.18],
P. kuhlmannii Kk. [= 32.14], P. latifolia H. Pfeiff.
[= 32.19], P. loefgrenii (Boeck.) T. Koyama [= 32.7],
P. longa Lindm. [= 32.7], P. martiana (Nees) Steud.
[= 32.19], P. millegrana (Nees) Steud. [= 32.13.], P.
montana Palla [= 32.14], P. muelleri Boeck. [=
32.18], P. panicoides (H. Pfeiff.) H. Pfeiff. [= 32.2],
P. paniculata Boeck. [= 32.2], P. paranensis Palla
[= 32.21], P. pauloensis Palla [= 32.7], P. polygonatum
Palla [= 32.8.], P. rabenii Boeck. [= 32.15], P.
schottmuelleri (Boeck.) Kk. [= 32.10], P. sellowii
Kunth [= 32.7], P. spicata Boeck. [= 32.18], P. stricta
Kunth. var. rabenii (Boeck.) H. Pfeiff. [= 32.15], P.
ulei Boeck. [= 32.21.], P. undulatifolia R. Gross [=
32.8], P. urvillei Brongn. f. dusenii (H. Pfeiff.) Kk.
& R. Gross [= 32.21], P. urvillei Brongn. var.
paranensis (Palla) Kk. & R. Gross [= 32.21], P.
ypirangensis (H. Pfeiff.) H. Pfeiff. [= 32.21].
- Pycreus albomarginatus Mart. & Schrad. ex Nees
[= 33.7], P. flavicomus (Michx.) C.D. Adams [= 33.7],
P. maximiliani Nees [= 33.6], P. olfersianus Nees
[= 33.6], P. olfersianus (Kunth) Urb. [= 33.6], P. paraensis
Nees [= 33.4], P. propinquus Nees [= 33.6], P.
sabulosus Mart. & Schrad. ex Nees [= 33.7].
- Rhynchospora alta Boeck. [= 36.66], R.
angustifolia Palla [= 36.103], R. arechavaletae
Boeck. [= 36.75], R. arenicola Uitt. [= 36.105], R.
aristata Boeck. var. immense (Kk.) Kk. [= 36.78],
R. arundinacea Boeck. [= 36.57], R. aurea Vahl [=
36.41], R. auriculata Kunth [= 36.5.], R. baileyi
Britt. ex L.H. Bailey [= 36.7], R. bromoides Kunth
[= 36.34], R. burchelii C.B. Clarke [= 36.52], R.
cajennensis Boeck. [= 36.140], R. campanulata
Kk. [= 36.82], R. canaliculata Boeck. [= 36.120],
R. canescens (Maury) H. Pfeiff. [= 36.5], R.
carrillensis Gomz-Laur. [= 36.35], R. cephalotes
(L.) Vahl var. imeriensis Kk. [= 36.77], R.
consanguinea (Kunth) Boeck. var. rigida (Kunth)
Kk. [= 36.118], R. consanguinea (Kunth) Boeck.
f. subrigida Kk. [= 36.37], R. corniculata (Lam.)
A. Gray subsp. amazonica (Poepp. & Kunth) H.
Pfeiff. [= 36.37], R. corymbosa (L.) Britt. var.
organensis (C.B. Clarke) Kk. [= 36.99], R. crassipes
Boeck. [= 36.149], R. cyperoides (Sw.) Mart. [=
36.75], R. demerarensis C.B. Clarke [= 140], R.
diamantina Kk. [= 36.52], R. dietrichsenii Boeck.
[= 36.34], R. dilectissimi-patris Luceo [= 36.58],
R. distichophylla Boeck. [= 32.4], R. elatior Kunth
var. burchelii (C.B. Clarke) Kk. [= 36.52], R. elatior
Kunth var. leucostachys (Boeck.) [= 36.52], R.
elatior Kunth var. variegato-pes H. Pfeiff. [= 36.52],
R. elegans Kk. [= 36.59], R. epiglobosa C.B. Clarke
[= 36.66], R. filiformis Vahl var. latifolia Uitt. [=
36.137], R. flavida Boeck. [= 36.13], R. gigantea
Link var. latifolia H. Pfeiff. [= 36.104], R. gigantea
Link var. scaberrima (Boeck.) Kk. [= 36.64], R.
glauca Vahl [= 36.124], R. globosa (Kunth) Roem.
& Schult. var. epiglobosa (C.B. Clarke ) Kk. [=
36.66], R. globosa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult. var.
loefgrenii (Boeck.) Kk. [= 36.85], R. globosa
(Kunth) Roem. & Schult. var. stenocarpa Kk. [=
36.66], R. graminea Uitt. [= 36.137],R. heterocaulis
C.B. Clarke [= 36.75], R. hieronymi Boeck. var.
floribunda (Boeck.) Kk. [= 36.62], R. hispidula
(Vahl) Boeck. [= 36.49], R. hispidula (Vahl) Boeck.
var. major Kk. [= 36.49], R. igarapicola T. Koyama
[= 36.28], R. lapensis C.B. Clarke var. campanulata
(Kk.) Kk. [= 36.82], R. legrandii Kk. [= 36.41],
R. leuchostachys Boeck. [= 36.52], R. loefgrenii
Boeck. [= 36.66], R. longibracteata Boeck. var.
minor H. Pfeiff. [= 36.126], R. longifolia Boeck. [=
36.135], R. longispicata Boeck. [= 36.60], R. lundii
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
59
Boeck. [= 36.35], R. luzuliformis Boeck.[= 36.92],
R. macrocephala Boeck. [= 36.52], R. marisculus
Lindl. & Nees var. elatior Boeck. [= 36.91], R.
metralis C.B. Clarke [= 36.101], R. micrantha Vahl
[= 36.38], R. micrantha Vahl var. contracta (Nees)
Boeck. [= 36.38], R. minarum Steud. [= 36.149], R.
minor Schnee [= 36.142], R. minor (Nees) Steud.
[= 36.52], R. minutiflora (L.C. Rich. ex Spreng.)
Adams [= 36.38], R. monostachya Boeck. [= 36.4],
R. montevidensis (Barros) Herter [= 36.72], R.
nervosa (Vahl) Boeck. ssp. ciliata T. Koyama. [=
36.14], R. oaxacana Kral & W.W. Thomas [=
36.37], R. pallida (Nees) Steud. [= 36.103], R.
palustris Boeck. [= 36.35], R. pohliana (Nees)
Steud. [= 36.66], R. podosperma C. Wright [=
36.60], R. polycephala (Persoon) Wydler ex Kunth
[= 36.75], R. pterocarpa (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.
[= 36.13], R. pubera (Vahl) Boeck. var.
multispiculosa Kk. [= 36.112], R. puberula
(Boeck.) L.B. Sm. [= 32.14], R. pungens Liebm. [=
36.124], R. rigidifolia (Gilly) T. Koyama var.
capillacea T. Koyama [= 36.119], R. rigidifolia
(Gilly) T. Koyama var. planifolia T. Koyama [=
36.106], R. rosemariana D.A. Simpson [= 36.149],
R. rufa (Nees) Boeck. [= 36.155], R. ruppioides
Benth. [= 17.14], R. scaberrima Boeck. [= 36.64],
R. schottmuelleri Boeck. [= 32.10.], R. selloiana
Boeck. [= 36.144], R. setacea Boeck. f. filicula Kk.
[= 36.147], R. simplex Kk. [= 36.57], R. sparsiflora
(Kunth) L.B. Sm. [= 32.17], R. spicata Spreng. [=
40.67], R. sprucei Boeck. [= 36.115], R. stricta Kunth
var. demerarensis (C.B. Clarke) Kk. [= 36.140], R.
subcapitata Boeck. [= 36.149], R. sylvatica Nees
[= 36.34], R. tenuis Link subsp. austrobrasiliensis
T. Koyama [= 36.148], R. tenuis Link var. congesta
(Nees) Kk. [= 36.120], R. tenuis Link var. emaciata
Lindm. [= 36.54], R. tenuis Link var. emaciata Kunth
[= 36.54], R. tenuis Link subsp. riparia T. Koyama
[= 36.120], R. tenuis Link var. maritima Boeck. [=
36.120], R. terminalis (Nees) Steud. var. crassipes
(Boeck.) Kk. [= 36.149], R. terminalis (Nees)
Steud. f. pallida (Nees) Kk. [= 36.149], R. triceps
Steud. [= 36.57], R. trichochaeta C. B. Clarke var.
venezuelensis Steyerm. [= 36.142], R. trichodes C.B.
Clarke [= 36.49], R. uleana Boeck. [= 36.91], R.
velloziformis T. Koyama [= 36.36], R. velutina
(Kunth) Boeck. var. sellowiana Boeck. [= 36.155],
R. viridilutea C.B. Clarke [= 36.70], R. wallichiana
Boeck. [= 36.142].
- Schizolepis arguta Nees [= 40.5], S. foliosa Nees
[= 40.51], S. latifolia Sw. [= 40.31], S. myricocarpa
Nees [= 40.45], S. olyroides Nees [= 40.31], S.
panicoides Nees [= 40.48], S. sylvestris Nees [=
40.31], S. trigonocarpa Nees [= 40.31].
- Schoenoplectus chilensis (Nees & Meyen) Sojk
[= 37.1], S. validus (Vahl) A. Lve & D. Lve [=
37.4].
- Scirpidium grande Nees [= 17.48], S. nigrescens
Nees [= 17.47], S. sulcatum Nees [= 17.24].
- Scirpus acutangulus Roxb. [= 17.1], S.
californicus (C.A. Meyer) Steud. [= 37.2], S.
cernuus Vahl [= 23.1], S. chilensis Nees & Meyen
[= 37.1], S. confervoides Poir. [= 17.14], S. cubensis
Poepp. & Kunth [= 31.1], S. edwaliianus Boeck. [=
7.13], S. fistulosus Poir. non Forssk. [= 17.1], S.
lagoensis Boeck. [= 7.25], S. loefgrenii Boeck. [=
7.29], S. micranthus Vahl [= 27.3], S. maritimus L.
var. macrostachyus (Michx.) Palla [= 6.1], S. rigidus
Schrad. ex Nees [= 37.2], S. riparius J. Presl & C.
Presl [= 37.2], S. robustus Pursh [= 6.1], S. submersus
C. Wright [= 17.14], S. supinus L. [= 37.3], S. validus
Vahl [= 37.4], S. olneyi A. Gray [= 37.1].
- Scleria arundinacea Kunth [= 40.31], S.
atropurpurea Boeck. [= 40.45], S. brittonii Core
[= 40.14], S. cerradicola T. Koyama [= 40.60], S.
cyanocarpa Kunth [= 40.31], S. cyperinoides C.B.
Clarke [= 40.38], S. flagellum Spreng. [= 40.31], S.
glazioviana Boeck. [= 40.1], S. grandis Core, non
Labill. [= 40.59], S. hirtella Boeck. [= 40.21], S.
humilis Britt. [= 40.26], S. latifolia Sw. var.
arundinacea (Kunth) H. Pfeiff. [= 40.31], S. latifolia
Sw. var. foliosa (Nees) T. Koyama [= 40.31], S.
lindleyana C.B. Clarke [= 40.26], S. loefgreniana
Boeck. [= 40.31], S. lucida (Nees) Steud. [= 40.44],
S. macrocarpa Salz. [= 40.37], S. macrocarpa Nees
[= 40.55], S. micrococca (Liebm.) Steud. [= 40.79],
S. microstachya Boeck. [= 40.45], S. minima C.B.
Clarke f. angustifolia Kk. [= 40.43], S. mitis Berg.
var. eggersiana (Willd.) T. Koyama [= 40.22], S.
mollis Kunth [= 40.26], S. moritziana Boeck. [=
40.30], S. muehlenbergii Steud. [= 40.57], S.
myricocarpa Kunth f. pallida Kunth ex Nees [=
40.45], S. nitida Willd. [= 40.72], S. nutans Willd.
[= 40.26], S. olyroides Kunth [= 40.31], S.
ovuligera Rchb. ex Steud. [= 40.41], S. pauciflora
Muhl ex Willd. [= 40.14], S. paludosa Poepp. &
Kunth [= 40.37], S. pauciflora Muhl ex Willd. [=
40.14], S. pleostachya Kunth [= 40.67], S. pratensis
Lindl. ex Nees [= 40.39], S. pterota Presl. [= 40.39],
S. pterota Presl. var. melaleuca (Rchb. ex Schltdl.
& Cham.) Uitt. [= 40.39], S. pulchella Nees [=
40.26], S. pyramidalis Hochst ex Steud. [= 40.36],
60 Alves, M. et al.
Rodrigusia 60 (4): A1-A60. 2009
S. reflexa Kunth [= 40.64], S. schedeana Schltdl.
[= 40.63], S. sellowiana Kunth var. balansae
(Maury) C.B. Clarke [= 40.8], S. setacea Poir. [=
40.57], S. sororia Kunth [= 40.40], S. tenella Kunth
[= 40.79], S. trigonocarpa (Nees) Steud. [ = 40.31].
S. verticillata Muhl ex Willd. var. tenella (Kunth)
Kk. [= 40.79].
- Syntrinema brasiliensis Radlk. & H. Pfeiff. [=
36.36].
- Torulinium ferax (Rich.) Ham. [= 13.70], T.
flexuosum (Vahl) T. Koyama [= 13.70].
- Trichelostylis aspera Nees [= 20.4], T. geminata
Nees [= 20.4], T. mucronulata Torrey [= 20.3], T.
rudgeana Nees [= 20.4].
- Trichochaeta tenuis Steud. [= 36.157].
- Trilepis alcatrazensis Gilly [= 41.2], T. eximia (C.B.
Cleke) H. Pfeiff. [= 41.2], T. lhotzkiana Nees ex
Arn. f. robusta (C.B. Clarke) H. Pfeiff. [= 41.2].
- Uncinia phalaroides Nees [= 9.16], U.
phyllostachya Nees [= 9.24], U. sellowiana Nees
[= 9.23].
- Websteria confervoides (Poir.) S. Hooper [= 17.14],
W. limnophila S.H. Wright [= 17.14], W. submersa
(C. Wright) Bitt. [= 17.14], W. submersa (C. Wright)
Bitt. var. luetzelburgii Sss. [= 17.14], W. submersa
(C. Wright) Bitt. var. negrensis Sss. [= 17.14]

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1. Abildgaardia Vahl - Number of species: 3.

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