Mechanics of Solids (VDB1063)

Equilibrium of Deformable Body

Lecturer: Dr. Montasir O. Ahmed


Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
Civil Engineering Department
LECTURE OUTLINES
Introduction
Equilibrium of Deformed Body
Mechanics of materials is a branch of mechanics that studies the internal effects of stress
and strain in a solid body that is subjected to an external loading.
Stress is associated with the strength of the material from which the body is made, while
strain is a measure of the deformation of the body.
INTRODUCTION
Surface Forces: Caused by the direct contact of one body with
the surface of other. The resultant force F
R
acts through the
centroid C or geometric centre of this area.
A body force: is developed when one body exerts a
force on another body without direct physical contact
between the bodies such as the earths gravitation
whereas the force is called weight and acts through the
bodys centre of the gravity.
Equilibrium of Deformable Body
Support reactions are forces that develop at the supports or point of contact between bodies.
If the support prevents translation in a given direction, then a force must be developed on the
member in that direction. Likewise, if rotation is prevented, a couple moment must be
exerted on the member.
Equilibrium of Deformable Body
Equation of Equilibrium
In general, equilibrium of body requires:
1. Balance of forces to prevent the body from translating. = 0
2. Balance of moments to prevent the body from rotating.

= 0
If an x, y, z coordinate system is established with the origin at point O, then the equation
of equilibrium become:

= 0,

= 0,

= 0,

= 0,

= 0,

= 0
If the forces lie in the x-y plane (coplanar forces), then the conditions for equilibrium of
the body can be specified as:

= 0,

= 0,

= 0
The best way to account for all these forces is to draw the bodys free-body diagram.
Equilibrium of Deformable Body
Internal Resultant Loadings
The criteria for determination of the internal loadings is:
1. Pass an imaginary section through the region where the internal loadings
are to be determined (Fig. a).
2. Draw the free body diagram of one of the parts as shown in Fig. b.
3. Use the equations of equilibrium to relate the external forces in the free
body diagram to the distributions resultant internal forces and moments,

and

Equilibrium of Deformable Body
Four different types of internal resultant loadings can
then be defined as follows:
1. Normal Force, N: This force acts perpendicular to the
area. It is developed whenever the external loads tend to
push or pull on the two segments of the body.
2. Shear Force, V: This force lies in the plane of the area
and it is developed when the external loads tend to
cause the two segments of the body to slide over one an
other.
3. Torsional Moment or Torque, T: This effect is developed
when the external loads tend to twist one segment of the
body with respect to the other about an axis
perpendicular to the area.
4. Bending Moment, M: It cause by the external loads that
tend to bend the body about an axis lying within the
plane of the area
Equilibrium of Deformable Body
Support Reactions: Draw the free body diagram of the
entire body and then apply the necessary equations of
equilibrium
Support Reactions: Draw the free body diagram of the
entire body and then apply the necessary equations of
equilibrium
Free Body Diagram: Draw the free body diag. of one of
the cut segments and indicate the unknown resultants
(N, V, M and T for 3-D problem and N, V and M for the
coplanar system of forces) at the centroid of the
sectioned area.
Free Body Diagram: Draw the free body diag. of one of
the cut segments and indicate the unknown resultants
(N, V, M and T for 3-D problem and N, V and M for the
coplanar system of forces) at the centroid of the
sectioned area.
Apply the appropriate equation of equilibrium. Apply the appropriate equation of equilibrium.
Equilibrium of Deformable Body
Important Points in the Lecture
External forces can be applied as distributed, concentrated surface loading and body
forces.
Linear distributed loadings produce resultant force having magnitude equal to the area
under the load and having a location that passes through the centroid of this area.
A support produces a force if it prevents translation, and it produces a couple moment
on the member if it prevents rotation.



= 0 and = 0 must be satisfied in order to prevent a body from translating and
from rotating.
When applying the equations of equilibrium, its important to first draw the free body
diagram.
Method of sections is used to determine the resultant normal force, shear force,
torsional moment, and bending moment .

Important Points in this Lecture
Stress
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
Design of Simple Connections
allowable stresses
Strain
Normal strain
Shear strain

Next Class
Thank You