Bureau d'Etudes Produits Ouvrages / Design dept.

31 place Ronde, quartier Valmy

92986 PARIS LA DEFENSE CEDEX




: 01 46 53 24 04 / : 01 46 53 28 40
: g.gayrard@bonnasabla.com
De : G.Gayrard
Date : 19/08/2011

Subject : BATANGAS BET 11 037
Water INTAKE velocity cap design and Hydraulics

rev date subject
00 19/08/11 First issue



S SU UM MM MA AR RY Y

1. Presentation.......................................................................................................................................2
2. Basic assumptions...............................................................................................................................2
3. Calculation methods: ...........................................................................................................................2
4. First suggested design; One intake + 4 deflectors ...................................................................................3
4.1. Description and geometrical .............................................................................................................3
4.2. Calculations....................................................................................................................................3
4.2.1. Average intake water velocity ......................................................................................................3
4.2.2. Head losses................................................................................................................................3
5. Alternative design; Two intake heads ....................................................................................................6
5.1. Description and geometrical .............................................................................................................6
5.2. Calculations....................................................................................................................................6
5.2.1. Average intake water velocity ......................................................................................................6
5.2.2. Head losses................................................................................................................................6





GG BET E 19/08/2011 p 2/7


1. Presentation
This note is giving technical information for two alternative designs for the water INTAKE velocity cap of this project.
This design must ensures hydraulics criterions mentioned into client technical specifications
2. Basic assumptions
The velocity cap must ensures the following criterions:
o Average intake water velocity: v_max 0.30 m/s
o Velocity cap maximum head losses: HL_max 0.10 mWC (water column)

for the following intake flow rate Q_max = 32 000 m3/h
= 8.89 m3/s
3. Calculation methods:
Head losses are computed, for every relevant case, using the very classical relation:




Where:
h: head losses in meter of water column mWC
v: average flow velocity at the relevant flow control section m/s
g: gravity acceleration = 9.81 m/s
k: representative coefficient for the considered head loss.
k can be recovered or computed according to one of the commonly admitted handbook.
For all this design we are using the well known "Head losses handbook" from I.E IDEL'CIK
(Spravotchnick po guidravlicheskim soprotivleniam Moscou 1960).
For every relevant cases, this handbook is giving diagrams for coefficient "k" calculation. Relevant
diagram number are given for conveniences.




g
v
k h

=
2
2
GG BET E 19/08/2011 p 3/7



4. First suggested design; One intake + 4 deflectors
4.1. Description and geometrical

This first suggested design consists of:










o A vertical pit 3500 mmID
connected to the main line 2600
mmID (item 1)
o A 3500 cap featuring 4 lateral
opening and top slab. (item 2)
o Four conical deflectors fitted on
ND3500 main shaft.




4.2. Calculations
4.2.1. Average intake water velocity
Every deflector shows a rectangular opening 4.00 x 1.90 mxm and is receive the Q/4 part of the total flow rate.
The average intake velocity is therefore:
V_iv = Q/4 / (4.00x1.90) V_iv = 0.292 m/s

This average velocity remains under the criterion of 0.300 m/s and, then is acceptable
4.2.2. Head losses
4.2.2.1. Intake grid
Every deflector entrances are matted with a protection grid. The pitch of this grid is 0.30 x0.30 mxm.
We can consider that this grid is made of round bars 12mm diameter and is affected by the intake average velocity
V_iv = 0.292 m/s
As we can see, this grid do no induces any head losses:
2600
4
0
0
0
1
9
0
0
6
0

0
'

3
5
0
0
Q/4
Q/4
Q/4
Q/4
2
2
2
0
3
1
2
1
5
0
3
GG BET E 19/08/2011 p 4/7

The flow around the grid bars can be evaluated by computing the dimensionless Reynolds number:




where:
V: average flow velocity
Dh: Hydraulic diameter of the grid bar 0.012m
: Kinematic viscosity 1,24 10
-6


Then: Re = 2825

One can conclude that the flow is almost laminar around the grid-bars. Then the grid head-loss can be neglected.
Then the relevant head loss PdC_1 # 0 mWC
4.2.2.2. Deflector head loss
These deflectors are considered as a conical shape channel entrance without baffle-wall as per diagram 3.5 (IDEL'CIK).
Control section is the smallest section and relevant values are:
section Fo = 2.22x1.90 = 4.22 m
perimeter o = 2x(2.22+1.90) = 8.24 m
hydraulic diameter Dh = 4xFo/o = 2.048 m
Flow rate Q/4 = 2.22 m3/s
average velocity v = 0.527 m/s

Entrance length l = 1.50 m
Ratio l/Dh = 0.73
Conical angle = 60
then the head loss coefficient k = 0.12
Relevant Head Loss PdC_2 = 0.002 mWC
4.2.2.3. ND3500 entrance and flow direction change
We consider the flow change of direction from horizontal to vertical into ND3500 pit and from the deflectors.
This is a brutal change of direction 90 angle with entrance and exit section showing different dimensions. This head
loss is evaluated with the diagram 6.6 (IDEL'CIK).
section 1: smallest part of the deflector = control section
S_1 = 4.218 m
V_1 = 0.527 m/s
section 2 S_2 = 9.621 m
V_2 = 0.924 m/s
then the head loss coefficient k = 1.50
Relevant Head Loss PdC_3 = 0.021 mWC
4.2.2.4. Flow passing trough Nd3500 pit to ND2600 line
We consider the flow change of direction from vertical to horizontal into upstreamND3500 pit and downstream ND2600
line.
This is a brutal change of direction 90 angle with entrance and exit section showing different dimensions. This head
loss is evaluated with the diagram 6.6 (IDEL'CIK).
Control section ND3500 upstream
S = 9.621 m

Dh V
= Re
GG BET E 19/08/2011 p 5/7

V = 0.924 m/s

then the head loss coefficient k = 1.36
Relevant Head Loss PdC_3 = 0.059 mWC

4.2.2.5. Total head loss and conclusion

the total head loss is:
PdC_1 + PdC_2 + PdC_3 + PdC_4 = 0.082 mWC 0.100 mWC

The estimated total head loss meets the required criterion.

Further more, this design suggestion present the following benefits:
o Flow velocity is mainly horizontal, thank to the deflector shape. This is an advantage regarding, the sea water
level, in order to avoid entrance vortex.
o More easy to install, as it is a kit made of several parts instead of one big part.
o Integrated precast solution witch takes all the possible benefits of factory-controlled manufacturing.


GG BET E 19/08/2011 p 6/7


5. Alternative design; Two intake heads
5.1. Description and geometrical
In order to meet the specified criterions, the intake is divided into two heads made of ND3500 vertical pits. The main
ND2600 line is divided in two ND2600 lines by the mean of "Y" spool.

















Each intake head takes half part of the flow rate: Q/2

5.2. Calculations
5.2.1. Average intake water velocity
Vertical columns on ND3500 present a 0.70m width transverse to the flow. Then, for one head, the intake section is:
9.107m x 1.90m = 17.303 m
The average intake velocity is therefore:
V_iv = Q/2/17.303 V_iv = 0.227 m/s

This average velocity remains under the criterion of 0.300 m/s and, then is acceptable
5.2.2. Head losses
5.2.2.1. Intake grid
Every deflector entrances are matted with a protection grid. The pitch of this grid is 0.30 x0.30 mxm.
For the same reasons as per 4.2.2.1 of this note, the flow is considered as laminar around the grid bars and the
relevant head loss can be neglected
the relevant head loss PdC_1 # 0 mWC


N = 903.000
E= 92.090
N = 891.153
E= 92.090
N = 914.848
E= 92.090
2
3
6
9
5
6
0

0
'
2
3
6
9
5
2600

2
6
0
0

2
6
0
0
3500 Velocity Cap
3500 Velocity Cap
20521
320'
3
9
0
0
sea bed +45.70
Invert EL +44.80
1
0
8
5
2
5
0
0
3
8
8
0
2540
R
E
R E
3
0
0
3
0
0
2600

3
5
0
0
L.L.W.L. +49.17
M.S.L +51.23
H.H.W.L. +51.74
2
9
6
0
5
0
0
GG BET E 19/08/2011 p 7/7

5.2.2.2. ND3500 entrance and flow direction change
We consider the flow change of direction from horizontal in section 1; entrance window and section 2; circular ND3500.
This is a brutal change of direction 90 angle with entrance and exit section showing different dimensions. This head
loss is evaluated with the diagram 6.6 (IDEL'CIK). the flow rate is Q/2 = 4.44 m3/s
section 1: entrance window = control section
S_1 = 17.303 m
V_1 = 0.257 m/s
section 2 S_2 = 9.621 m
V_2 = 0.462 m/s
then the head loss coefficient k = 0.90
Relevant Head Loss PdC_2 = 0.003 mWC

5.2.2.3. Flow passing trough Nd3500 pit to ND2600 line
We consider the flow change of direction from vertical to horizontal into upstreamND3500 pit and downstream ND2600
line.
This is a brutal change of direction 90 angle with entrance and exit section showing different dimensions. This head
loss is evaluated with the diagram 6.6 (IDEL'CIK).
Control section ND3500 upstream
S = 9.621 m
V = 0.462 m/s

then the head loss coefficient k = 1.36
Relevant Head Loss PdC_3 = 0.015 mWC

5.2.2.4. "Y" spool additional head loss
this "Y" is evaluated according to relevant IDEL'CIK diagram 7.36 and with relevant numerical values
angle 2x = 60
inlet flow into branches Q1 = Q/2
outlet flow Qp = Q
then Q1/Qp = 0.5
control section velocity at outlet ND2600 V = 1.675 m/s
then the head loss coefficient k = 0.28
Relevant Head Loss PdC_4 = 0.040 mWC

5.2.2.5. Total head loss and conclusion
the total head loss is:
PdC_1 + PdC_2 + PdC_3 + PdC_4 = 0.058 mWC 0.100 mWC

The estimated total head loss meets the required criterion.

Meanwhile this design induces more installation works on site.