The observation of electricity early times was doing

by Thales in 600 Before Masehi

The electricity can be understand because every
thing have electric charges.
There are two kind of electric charges; positif and
negatif charges
Electric Charges
The observation of electricity early times was doing
by Thales in 600 Before Masehi
The electricity can be understand because every
thing have electric charges.
There are two kind of electric charges; positif and
negatif charges
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
The interaction between two particle, firstly is
foundedby Charles Augustin Coulomb, scientist
from Franch.
Coulomb Law
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
Coulomb found that interaction force between the charges is
proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to
the square of the separation distance.
F
2
2 1
r
q q
The magnitude of force in Coulombs experiment diukur
from the torque
Coulomb Force similar with Gravitational Force between two
masses
F
2
2 1
r
m m
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
r
+q
+Q
F
Coulomb Force at yang +q
charge is :
2
r
Qq
k F =
k is a constant
+Q
o
4
1
k
tc
= ~ 9.10
9
Nm
2
/C
2
c
o
is permitivitas at vacuum that is 8,85 10
-12
C
2
/m
2
N.
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
In microscopic scale, Coulomb force is more dominant than
gravitation force, so in atomic scale gravitation force is
ignored. For an instant the interaction between two electrons
that have q
e
= -1,6 10
-19
C and m
e
= 9,1 10
-31
kg
separated 1 Angstrom betwen them. If gravitation constant G
= 6,67 10
-11
Nm
2
/kg
2
.
Then the magnitude of Force Coulomb :
,
,
2
10
2
19
9
2
e e
10
10 . 6 , 1
10 . 9
r
q q
k F

= =
= 2,304.10
-8
N
And Gravitation Force is
,
,
2
10
2
31
11
2
e e
10
10 . 1 , 9
10 . 67 , 6
r
m m
G F

= =
= 5,523.10
-51
N
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
The direction of Coulomb force dependence on the kind of
charge
-Q
-q
-Q
+Q
+q
-q
+q
-Q
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
F
1
+q
1
Example :
For the direction of F
1
as in the
picture is paralell with
displacement vector that related
q
2
with q
1
.
R
1
= (x
1
x
2
)i + (y
1
y
2
)j
r
+q
2
F
1
+q
1
F
2
x
1
x
2
y
2
y
1
Unit Vector r
1
=
2
2 1
2
2 1
2 1 2 1
1 ) y y ( ) x x (
) y y ( ) x x (
R
+
+
=
j i R
1
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
I
X
A
M
P
L
I
r
+q
2
F
1
+q
1
F
2
1 9
4
6
q
1
= + 1 mC
q
2
= + 2 mC
Magnitude of Force at q
1
:
2
2 1
1
r
q q
k F =
Newton 10 .
34
9
68
10 . 2 . 10
10 . 9 F
3
3 3
9
1
= =

r
2
= (9 1)
2
+ (6 4)
2
= 64 + 4 = 68
I
X
A
M
P
L
I
Newton 10 .
34
9
68
10 . 2 . 10
10 . 9 F
3
3 3
9
1
= =

Unit Vector r
1
=
68
2 8
) 4 6 ( ) 9 1 (
) 4 6 ( ) 9 1 (
R
2 2
1
j i j i R
1
+
=
+
+
=
so F
1
= F
1
r
1
=
3
10 .
17 34
9 36 j i +
Newton
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
C
O
N
T
O
H
r
+q
2
F
1
+q
1
F
2
1 9
4
6
Magnitude of force at q
2
2
2 1
2
r
q q
k F =
r
2
= (9 1)
2
+ (6 4)
2
= 64 + 4 = 68
C
O
N
T
O
H
Newton 10 .
34
9
68
10 . 2 . 10
10 . 9 F
3
3 3
9
2
= =

Unit vector r
2
=
68
2 8
) 6 4 ( ) 1 9 (
) 6 4 ( ) 1 9 (
R
2 2
2
j i j i R
2

=
+
+
=
so F
2
= F
2
r
2
=
3
10 .
17 34
9 36 j i
Newton
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
H
L
K
L
M
C
O
L
L
O
M
B
Coulomb Force for more than 2 charges
+q
3
+q
1
+q
2
r
12
r
13
F
12
F
13
F
1
H
L
K
L
M
C
O
L
L
O
M
B
+q
3
r
13
F
12
Resultan force at q
1
is :
F
1
= F
12
+ F
13
F
12
is force at q
1
because of q
2
. F
13
is force at q
1
because of q
3
.
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
I
X
A
M
P
L
I
Three point charges, q
1
= -1 mC is placed at A(1,0) m, q
2
= +1 mC is placed at B(1,1) m, and q
3
= -1 mC is placed
at C(0,1) m. Find the force at q
1
!
Solution :
y
The magnitude of force at q
1
by q
2
is:
2
12
2 1
12
R
q q
k F =
I
X
A
M
P
L
I
q
1
q
2 q
3
A
B C
F
12
F
13
x
2
12
2 1
12
R
q q
k F =
R
12
2
= (x
B
x
A
)
2
+ (y
B
y
A
)
2
= 1
N 10 . 9
1
10 . 10
10 . 9 F
3
3 3
9
12
= =

Direction of F
12
is j.
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology
The magnitude of force at q
1
by q
3
is :
2
13
3 1
13
R
q q
k F =
R
13
2
= (x
C
x
A
)
2
+ (y
C
y
A
)
2
= 1 + 1 = 2
So F
12
= F
12
r
12
= 9.10
3
j Newton
N 10 . 5 , 4
2
10 . 10
10 . 9 F
3
3 3
9
13
= =

Unit vector r
13
=
2
) 1 0 ( ) 0 1 (
) 1 0 ( ) 0 1 (
R
2 2
13
j i j i R
13

=
+
+
=
so F
13
= F
13
r
13
=
Newton 10 .
2
5 , 4 4,5
3
j i
The force at q
1
: F
1
= F
12
+ F
13
=
N 10 .
2
5 , 4
- 9
2
5 , 4
3
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ j i
Applied Physics (PU 1413) Faculty of Science Telkom Institute of Technology