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SRI SUKHMANI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY, DERA BASSI




A Project report
On
NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
(Power Generation by Speed Breaker)


Submitted By: Submitted to:

Abhishek Sharma (1153686) Prof. Mukesh Verma
Ahraz Ahmed (1153689) (Head of Department)
Ahwani kumar mishra (1153704) Mechanical Engineering
Jaswant Singh Sandhu (1153738)

Session 2011 2015
Department of Mechanical Engineering



Acknowledgement


Outstanding achievement is not possible in vacuum. It needs a
lot of help & assistance beside a healthy environment.
We express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to SRI
SUKHMANI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY, Dera bassi that has provide us an opportunity
to fulfill the most cherished desire of reaching our goal.

We are highly obliged to and express our gratitude and special
thanks to PROF. Swinder Singh and PROF. K. S. Dhillon the
project mentors, for their encouragement, feedback, support and
suggestion. With their blessings & guidance we shall stand here
today.

We are very grateful to Prof. Mukesh Verma (Head of
department of Mechanical Engineering) for giving us the
opportunity to carry out our project research and activity in
their esteemed organization.





CONTENT


1. Introduction 1
2. Literature review 3
3. Proposed system 4
4. Diagram of the proposed system 5
5. Proposed power calculations 7
6. Equipment required 8
7. Electric Dynamo 9
8. Applications 10
9. Scope and uses 11
10. Advantages 12
11. Bibliography 13
















INTRODUCTION



In the present day scenario power has become the major need for human
life. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy.
The day-to-day increasing population and decreasing conventional sources
for power generation, provides a need to think on non-conventional energy
resources. In this era of modern technology energy demands have increased
but the supply of energy is less. Energy is either generated through hydel or
thermal conventions most probably as in fossil fuels. A new power source
has also been found which is known as Nuclear power. This power source
looks promising but is very expensive and requires a lot of maintenance.
Developing countries are using Fossil or thermal sources to generate energy
as the nuclear energy is very costly and fuels are rare and are difficult to
approach sometimes due to capital investments or due to personal matters
of the state. This increasing use of fossil energy by these developing
countries is causing a lot of distress in the environment and also reducing
the fossil reserves very spontaneously. Developed countries are seen to be
researching on new conventional sources of energy to replace the need of
fossil fuels as the fossil reserves are decreasing day by day and does not
includes itself in the list of sustainable development methods. Thus leaving
the developing countries behind by a great margin of development. This
feeling of anxiety for development between the developing countries and the
developed countries is causing troubles, sometimes in case of some
accidental decisions and sometimes in the form of unethical use of power.
If most of the problems in the world are solved by fulfilling this need of clean
and sustainable energy, why not bring forward some steps or join hands for
developing new methods of conventional power generation to meet the
needs of these developing as well as developed countries for the better of
the human kind and also for our mother earth. As the modern era of
technology is developing day by day. The modes of travelling has also
changed from pedestrians to horses and from carts to modern motor
vehicles most commonly known as automotive vehicles, which does not
require any external force to move. The use of these machines has increased
far more than it used to be before. Daily millions of people worldwide travel


in these machines they travel millions of miles and cross millions of bumps
every day. What if these bumps are used to generate electricity ?.
Whenever a vehicle moves over a bump it generated potential energy due to
height. This potential energy is wasted when the vehicle move past the
bump. If there are enough bumps and enough vehicles moving on them. It
can surely compensate the need for energy to an extent.
Here in this paper we are looking forward to conserve the kinetic energy that
gone wasted, while vehicles move. The number of vehicles passing over
speed breaker on road is increasing day by day. Beneath speed breaker,
setting up an electro-mechanical unit known to be power hump, could help
us conserving this energy and use it for power generation. The electrical
output can be improved by arranging these power humps in series. This
generated power can be stored, by using different electrical devices. We can
supply this energy to street lights, traffic lights, and nearby areas, and thus
helps in country`s economy. We could make it more efficient, by also having
solar panels that provides for power needs while the vehicles were not
moving.
















LITERATURE REVIEW



The energy crisis is any great bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to
an economy. The studies to sort out the energy crisis led to the idea of
generating power using speed breaker. As there is a lot of opportunity in this
kind of research. Every country has its own traffic on the roads and to
control the speed of the vehicles moving on the road or vehicles about to
take a turn speed breakers are required. Moreover, these days malls,
schools, colleges and parking lots often use speed breaker and these are the
places where high requirement of electricity is often observed. This kind of
technology can save the organizations bills to an extent which is further seen
to be as profit, as every organization either private or governmental sees to
generate profits. Why not start from electricity first. Implementations like
this can make a place known as technologically advanced. Firstly, South
African electrical crisis has made them implemented this method to light up
small villages of the highway. The idea is basic physics, to convert the
kinetic energy into electrical energy that gone wasted when the vehicle runs
over speed-breaker and this energy can either be stored or utilized to power
street lights or traffic lights making sure the constancy of the power. Since
then, a lot has been done in this field. The idea has caught the eye of IIT-
Guwahati, which funded the pilot project related to generate electricity from
speed-breakers. They evaluated the machine and recommended to the
Assam government. It is not clear if the government is further interested in
project but if these technologies continue to evolve the government or public
sectors will have to step up and work on these technologies. But the work
done has provided the need to think on this alternative to generate
electricity on a large scale, as it proves to be a boon in the economy of a
country.








PROPOSED SYSTEM



When a vehicle moves over an inclination it generates potential energy
within itself. This energy gets wasted in a normal speed breaker as the
potential energy gets transformed into some kind of strain energy of the
vehicles tyres and then transformed further. While moving, the vehicles
possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can
be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called Power
Hump. It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. The whole of this mechanism can be
housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called Hump. It utilizes
both mechanical technologies and electrical techniques for the power
generation and its storage. Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the
dome it gets pressed downwards, then the springs that are attached to the
dome are compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of the
dome moves downward in reciprocating motion. Since the pinion is
connected to the dynamo which houses a gear on it, there exists conversion
of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion of gears. A flywheel can be
mounted beside the gear whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the
energy and to make the energy uniform. So the rpm is constant. This shaft
consisting the flywheel is connected to the dynamos, which converts the
mechanical energy into electrical energy. The conversion will be proportional
to the traffic density. Whenever an armature rotates between the magnetic
fields of south and north poles, an E.M.F (electro motive force) is induced in
it. So, for inducing this E.M.F. armature coil has to rotate, and for rotating
this armature it is connected to a long shaft. For this rotation kinetic energy
of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generated in both the directions;
so to convert this power into one direction, a special component is used,
called a rectifier which converts both clockwise and counter-clockwise
movements generating positive and negative current to positive current
regardless of the input. The electrical output can be improved by arranging
these POWER HUMPS in series. This generated power can be amplified and
stored by using different electrical device.



















A SPEED BREAKER. Producing electricity from a speed breaker is a new
concept that is undergoing research. A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a
height of 10 cm on a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98KW power.
by placing one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100
vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be
produced every minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day.

If the model is implemented on busy highways or roads in the state capital,
it can generate electricity that can lit five lamps of 40W. "This method of
generating electricity is most reliable and cheaper than non-conventional
renewable methods of electricity generation such as wind and solar energies


PROPOSED POWER CALCULATIONS



The mass of any vehicle travelling over the speed breaker= 1000Kg
(Approximately)

Height of speed brake = 10 cm

Work done = Weight of the body x Distance travelled by the vehicle

Weight of the Body = 1000 Kg x 9.81 = 9810 N

Distance traveled by the body = Height of the speed breaker = 10cm

Power = Work done/Second = (9810x 0.10)/60 = 16.35 Watts


Output Power developed for 1 vehicle passing over the speed:

Breaker arrangement for one minute = 16.35 watts

Power developed for 60 minutes (1 hr) = 981 watts

Power developed for 24 hours = 23.54 KW







This power generated by vehicles is more than sufficient to run five
street lights in the night time









EQUIPMENT REQUIRED



A. RACK AND PINION GEARS: The rack and pinion used to convert
between rotary and translatory motion. The rack is the flat toothed part,
while the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can convert rotary to linear of
from linear to rotary motion.
B. SPUR GEAR: It is a positive power transmission device with definite
velocity ratio. It is preferred for adjusting some linear misalignment and
multiplication of power. It should have high wear and tear, shock-absorbing
capacity.
C. FLY WHEEL (optional): The primary function of flywheel is to act as an
energy accumulator. It reduces the fluctuations in speed. It absorbs the
energy when demand is less and releases the same when it is required.
D. SHAFTS: It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from
one place to another place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and
flywheels. It must have high torsional rigidity and lateral rigidity.
E. SPRINGS: It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort
when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed. It
cushions, absorbs or controls energy either due to shocks or due to
vibrations.
F. BALL BEARINGS: A roller-element bearing is a bearing which carries a
load by placing round elements between the two pieces. The relative motion
of the pieces causes the round elements to roll(tumble) with little sliding.
They reduce the friction and transmit the motion effectively
G. ELECTRIC DYNAMO: It is a device, which converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy. The dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic
fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current
through faradays law of electromagnetic induction. A dynamo machine
consists of a stationary structure, called stator, which provides a constant
magnetic field, and a set of rotating winding called the armature which turns
within that field.


Electric Dynamo:
Present-day dynamos work on the principles described by English physicist
Michael Faraday in 1830, that an electromotive force is developed in a
conductor when it is moved in a magnetic field. The dynamo that powers the
lights on a bicycle is an example of an alternator, that is, it produces
alternating current
In simplest terms, a dynamo is essentially an electric motor run in reverse.
The electric motor uses magnets spinning in a metal coil to spin an axle.
Conversely, spinning the axle causes the magnets to rotate in the coil and
generates an electric current moving away from the motor. In physics, a
simple generator or machine for transforming mechanical energy into
electrical energy. A dynamo in basic form consists of a powerful field magnet
between the poles of which a suitable conductor, usually in the form of a coil
(armature), is rotated. The magnetic lines of force are cut by the rotating
wire coil, which induces a current to flow through the wire. The mechanical
energy of rotation is thus converted into an electric current in the armature.





APPLICATIONS

Power generation using foot step can be used in most of the places such as
1. Colleges,
2. Schools,
3. Cinema theatres,
4. Shopping complex
5. Railway stations
6. Airports
7. Bus stand










SCOPE AND USES

1. Low Budget electricity.
2. Production Less floor area.
3. No obstruction to traffic.
4. Easy maintenance.
5. Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc.
6. No need of labors
7. It is an easy way for power production.
8. Non Conventional Energy Source.
9. Very new and innovative concept.
10. This Makes Use of WASTED OF ENERGY to generate electrical energy.
11. Electricity Generated from the movement of traffic can be stored.














ADVANTAGES



Below is the list of advantages due to the usage of
the technique mentioned.


Pollution free power generation.

Simple construction, mature technology and easy maintenance.

No consumption of any fossil fuel which is non-renewable source of
energy.

No fuel transportation required.

No external source is needed for power generation.

Energy available all year round.













BIBLIOGRAPHY
Following are the websites that we referred to during researching and
making this project.

1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.google.com
3. www.greenpowergeneration.org
4. www.permanentmotors.com
5. www.hobbyking.com
6. www.Jascorp.org

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