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=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
The original files posted for the "PGW" files omitted the key
to the tags and entities used. These files are not standard HTML
or XML; they use conventions that had to be made up to fit all
of the special cases found in the dictionary.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
WEBFONT.ASC
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
See the "Short Form" section below for details about such characters.
Note that the symbols used here are in some cases abbreviations
(for compactness) of the ISO 8879 recommended symbols. If necessary,
the table below allows simple replacement by alternate encodings.
For those loading the Webster onto some machine other than an
IBM-compatible running DOS, it will be necessary to provide a
translation table, to convert these characters into a code that
can be handled by that computer. For this reason, I attach an
"explanation" for each character, for those who cannot view
the original DOS font.
This loadable font does not contain all of the characters needed
to depict the etymologies. In particular, no Greek letters are
included. The Greek words appearing in the etymologies,
when they are included, will be typed in a
roman-letter transcription (See section on Greek transcription, below).
Only a very few Greek words have been thus transcribed as of the
present version (version 0.4).
Wherever the typists did not know the character to use, they
usually inserted a reverse-video question mark (decimal 176).
This appears in full-ASCII versions as <?/. This mark was used both for
characters in non-ASCII fonts, and for unreadable characters (i.e.,
characters smeared in the original or distorted in the copies available
to the typists. The type in the original was in many places smeared and
illegible at the left and right page margins; occasionally, small
parts of words were blotted out by plain white space).
Note that there are yet some characters used in the etymologies,
and some other symbols, which are not in this list. For example, the
vowels with a double dot *underneath*, e.g. a (as in all) have no
representation in this character set, and, where explicitly entered in the
dictionary, are represented by <xdd/ where "x" is the letter, as in "<add/".
DIACRITICS
-------------
NOTE: the letter combinations "fi" and "fl" are invariably printed as the
ligatures <filig/ and <fllig/, but these ligatures are not marked as such
in this transcription, and the two letters are left as individuals.
SPECIAL SYMBOLS
The dagger <dag/, double dagger <ddag/, and paragraph mark <para/ are
rarely used. The double prime, or "seconds" of a degree is sometimes
represented by a double "light accent" (code 183 = \'b7). In other
places, it is represented by <sec/.
The symbols "greater than" <gt/ and "less than" are encountered only once,
but are distinguished from the right- and left-angle brackets (> and <)
because of possible typograhical differences in some fonts.
Numbers
������� Hex codes
1 ##### ###
11 # # ##### (12 is a hard page break, 13 CR, 14 sect break)
21 ##### #####
31 # !"# $%&'(
121 yz{|} ~��� 79-7d 7e-82
131 ����� ����� 83-87 88-8c
141 ����� ����� 8d-91 92-96
151 ����� ����� 97-9b 9c-a0
161 ����� ����� a1-a5 a6-aa
171 ����� ����� ab-af b0-b4
181 ����� ����� b5-b9 ba-be
191 ����� ����� bf-c3 c4-c8
201 ����� ����� c9-cd ce-d2
211 ����� ����� d3-d7 d8-dc
221 ����� ����� dd-e1 e2-e6
231 ����� ����� e7-eb ec-f0
241 ����� ����� f1-f5 f6-fa
251 ���� fb-ff
Frequently used:
decimal hex char definition
21 section symbol -- another section also at 197
(so that 21 can be used as a normal control
character)
126 ~ used by typists as a place-holder in word
combinations where an uncapitalized headword
should be.
128 80 � <Cced/ c cedilla (uppercase)
129 81 � <uum/ u umlaut
130 82 � e acute
131 83 � a circumflex
132 84 � <aum/ a umlaut
133 85 � a grave
134 86 � <aring/ a with "ring" (circle) above (Swedish!)
135 87 � <cced/ c cedilla
136 - 144 standard European set for IBM
136 88 � <ecir/ e circumflex
137 89 � <eum/ e umlaut (or e with dieresis above)
138 8a � e grave
145 91 � <ae/ = "ae" fused ligature
146 92 � <AE/ = upper-case "ae" fused ligature
147 93 � <ocir/ o circumflex
148 94 � <oum/ o "umlaut", used mostly in "co�peration,
Zo�l." and in pronunciations
164 a4 � <ntil/ Spanish "enye"
166 a6 � <frac23/ two-thirds (fraction)
167 a7 � <frac13/ one-third (fraction)
171 ab � <frac12/ one-half, as in the original
172 ac � <frac14/ one-fourth (fraction)
176 b0 � <?/ = (reverse-video question mark), used
to represent an uncodable or illegible character
180 b4 � long verticle double-headed arrow (a reference mark)
181 b5 � <hand/ = (the typographer's "fist")
Appearing as a "pointing hand" character
(for explanatory notes)
182 b6 � bold accent in headwords
replaced in full ASCII version by double quote = "
183 b7 � light accent in headwords
replaced within headwords in the full ASCII version
by an open-single-quote (` = ASCII 96, not the same
as 191, \'bf). This mark is used also
for minutes of a degree, and for "prime"
to modify variables in mathematical expressions.
-- two of these in sequence represent seconds
of a degree, or double prime. THe seconds
symbol is also represented by <sec/
184 b8 � close double quotes (used with 189 [= \'bd], open quote)
186 ba � verticle double bar - represents the symbol used
in the printed dictionary before a headword to
signify that the word was adopted without
anglicization from a foreign language
but in the full-ASCII version this function
uses \'d8 -- see 216
189 bd � open quotes (used with 184, close quote)
190 be � <amac/ a macron
191 bf � <lsquo/ "left single quote"
single open quote mark (not same as ASCII 96)
193 c1 � <sharp/ sharp - music notation
194 c2 � <flat/ flat - music notation
195 c3 � long dash, one pixel removed from left
will fuse with left long dash, char 208
196 c4 � graphic horizontal line
195+208 �� combination for a very long dash. In the
original typing, the dash char 208 was used
for both non-breaking hyphen (in hyphenated
words), and for the em-dash used as an
introductory mark for various segments.
The em-dash should be distinguished from
the hyphen, but that conversion hasn't yet
been done.
In the full ASCII version, a double hypen
"--" represent the m-dash
197 c5 � <sect/ = section mark
- alternate to 21 (a control character)
198 c6 � <imac/ = i macron
199 c7 � <emac/ = e macron
200 � <dsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil d with dot underneath
201 � <nsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil n with dot underneath
202 � <tsdot/ Sanskrit/Tamil t with dot underneath
203 � <ecr/ = e with crescent (breve) above. Used
- in some etymologies and pronunciation
204 � <icr/ = i with crescent (breve) above - used
- in some etymologies and pronunciation
206 � <ocr/ = o with crescent (breve) above - used
- in some etymologies and pronunciation
207 � short dash, used in hyphenated words, and in
breaking syllables where no accent is used. But
sometimes the typists used the normal hyphen [45],
or the long dash (decimal 208) for that purpose.
The normal hyphen is the same length as the long
dash, but one pixel higher in the character box.
# In headwords, in the full ASCII version, this
short dash is represented by the asterisk "*".
208 d0 � <mdash/ = long dash, used for the em dash which
often precedes certain sections within a
definition, and which separates some sectrions,
such as wordforms or collocations within a
collocation segment. This is replaced in the
full ASCII version by a double hyphen, "--"
210 d2 � <oe/ = "oe" fused ligature
211 d3 � <omac/ = o macron
212 d4 � <umac/ = u macron
213 � <ocar/ o with caron (hacek) (inverted circumflex) above
214 � <aemac/ = "ae" ligature with a macron
215 � <oemac/ = "oe" ligature with a macron
216 d8 � <par/ double vertical bar (short length; the long
length is the graphics character 186)
This precedes words marked with a double vertical bar in
the original dictionary, signifying that the word was
adopted directly into English without modification of
the spelling.
220 � <ucr/ = u with crescent above - used in some etymologies
221 � <acr/ = a with crescent above - used in some etymologies
222 � <cre/ = "crescent", an upward-curving crescent
used as a poetic meter mark
223 � <ymac/ = y macron (used in Anglo-Saxon)
235 � <edh/ = Old English and Icelandic "edh", (or "eth")
like a Greek delta with a hatch mark
through the ascender. Used to represent the
Anglo-Saxon/Icelandic/Gothic character,
in etymologies, pronounced like "th"
235 � <thorn/ "thorn", an Old English and Icelandic
character, appears like a "p" with an extended
ascender.
Used to represent the
Anglo-Saxon/Icelandic/Gothic character,
in etymologies, pronounced like "th"
in "brother"
238 � <atil/ a with tilde above - in some etymologies
244 f4 � like a script "3" or "z". Used in Old English
etymologies, analogous to "y"
247 f7 � double tilde ("approximately equals").
used by typists as a place-holder in word
combinations where the capitalized headword
should be.
248 f8 � <deg/ degrees (temperature or angle). Note: some
typists used a superscript "o" to signify
degrees. This must be corrected!
249 f9 � middle dot (bold)
250 fa � middle dot (light)
251 fb � <root/ "root" sign used in etymologies, as in original
======================================
Greek transcription
=====================================
Greek letters are represented:
(capitals represent capital letters; lower-case represent lower-case)
#Note that "h" in transliterations is used individually, as eta, and
also in the combination "ch" (chi). Conversions to other codings
must first convert "ch" before converting "h", or at least verify
that an "h" to be converted has no preceding "c". "c" is not
otherwise used, so there is no ambiguity. Also, "ps" always
represents a psi; it could in theory occur as a pi-sigma
combination, but it doesn't. Occasionally, "th" was entered instead
of "q" to represent theta; these should be checked to verify that
they do not represent tau-eta, and converted to "q".
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
TAGSET.WEB
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Tagset.web:
Explanations of the tags used to mark the Webster's Unabriged.
For a complete list of the tags and their occurrence count,
see file "webtags.lst"
If any tag is not listed here, it is either (1) one of the
"point" or "type" tags, which should be self-explanatory; or
(2) Is a functional field with no effect on the typography.
Note: The tags on this list are similar in structure to SGML tags. Each
tag on this list marks a field; each field opens with a tagname between
angle brackets thus: <tagname>, and closes with a similar tag containing
the forward slash thus: </tagname>.
Most of the tags are represented in the text by italic type, with a
number of exceptions. Where a word is contained within more than one
field, the innermost field determines the font to be used. Wherever
recognizable functional fields were found, an attempt was made to tag the
field with a functional mark, but in many cases, words were italicised only
to represent the word itself as a discourse entity, and in some such cases,
the "italic" mark <it> was used, implying nothing regarding functionality
of the word. The base font is considered "plain". Where an italic field
is indicated, parentheses or brackets within the field are not italicised.
The size of the "plain" font is about 1.6 mm for the height of
capitalized letters.
=============================================================
Explicit typographical tags:
These were used where the purpose of a different font was merely to
distinguish a word from the body of the text, and no explicit functional
tag seemed apropriate.
-----------------------------------
Tag Font
-----------------------------------
<plain> plain font (that used in the body of a definition) --
normally not marked, except within fields of
a different front.
<it> italic
<bold> bold
<sc> small caps (used mostly for "a. d.", "b. c.")
<universbold> A squared bold font approximating the "universe bold"
font on the HP Laserjet4, slightly larger than
the capitals in a definition body. Used in expositions
describing shapes, such as "Y", "T", "U", "X", "V".
<hwf> Font the same as the headword <hw>, though the field is
not a headword. Used only once.
<subs> subscript
<sups> superscript
<supr> superscript
<...type> A series of tags, many unique, designating certain
unusual fonts, such as "bourgeoistype" for
"bourgeois type", in the section on typography.
<sansserif> Sans-serif font
<point ...> A series of point size markers, many unique.
<vertical> Vertically organized column.
<column1> Vertically organized column -- only part of a table
which needs to be completed. Used once.
=============================================================
Explicit formatting tags:
<au> preceded by two paragraph marks (carriage returns).
Not otherwise marked, but can be done automatically
if needed.
These "authority" fields are right-justified, and
usually fit on the same line as the last segment of the
preceding definition or quotation. When they don't
fit on the last line, they are right-justified on a
line of their own.
<qau> Always right-justified, as described for <au>.
<centered> Used only for The single letter in the headers to each
letter of the alphabet.
<rj> Right justified
<row> Designates a row in a table.
<item> Designates one item in a row of a table. Used only when
intervening spaces do not serve properly as natural
field separaters.
<table> Always a filled rectangular array.
<matrix> Always a filled rectangular array.
<figure> Just a place-holder.
<illust> Illustration place-holder. Seldom used.
<supr> Supra. The two parts of each such field
are stacked, one over the other, *without* a
horizontal bar between (as in a fraction).
Used only in one entry, for a musical notation.
<musfig> Music figure. Ony in a note under the entry "Figure",
the two numbers of each such field
are bold, 20 point type, stacked as in a fraction with
a bar between them, but also having a horizontal stroke
midway through each numeral. Unique to this entry.
====================================================================
Functional Tags
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Tag Font Meaning
(Comparatives are relative to the plain font.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<-- --> * Comment, not a tag. These segments should be deleted
from the written or printed text.
Page numbers of the original text are indicated
within such comments; these may be left in, if
desired.
<mhw> * Multiple headword. This field is used where
more than one headword shares a single
definition. In the dictionary, the
(usually) two headwords are left-justified
one below the other in the column, and are
tied together on the right side of the
headwords by a long right curly brace.
This division is strictly functional,
for analytical purposes, and does not
affect the typography.
<hw> bold, headword. Each main entry begins with the <hw>
larger by mark, and ends at the next <hw> mark. The
2 points main entries are not otherwise explicitly
marked as a distinctive field.
The same word may appear as a headword
several times, usually as different parts
of speech, but sometimes with diferent
entries as the same part of speech, presumably
to indicate a different etymology.
Within the hw field the heavy accent is
represented by double quote ("), the
light accent by open-single-quote (`),
and the short dash separating syllables by
an asterisk (*). A hyphen (-) is used to
represent the hyphen of hyphenated words.
<plw> small caps Plural word. The actual plural form of the word,
found within a <plu> segment.
<sd> italic Subdefinition, marked (a), (b), (c), etc. THese are
finer distinctions of word senses, used
within numbered word-sense (for main entries),
and also used for subdefinitions within
collocation segments, which have no numbering of
senses. The letter is italic, the parentheses
are not.
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
This version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic errors,
including errors in the field-marks. Assistance in bringing this dictionary to a
more accurate and useful state will be greatly appreciated.
This electronic dictionary is made available as a potential starting point for
development of a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary, by the
efforts of all individuals willing to help build a large and freely available
knowledge base. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
knowledge base should contact:
<p><point26>X.</point26></p>
<p> The form and value of X are from the Latin X, which is from the
Greek &CHI;, which in some Greek alphabets had the value of <i>ks</i>,
though in the one now in common use it represents an aspirated sound
of <i>k</i>.</p>
<p><point26>Y.</point26></p>
<p> It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the Greek
&UPSILON;, originally the same letter as V. Etymologically, it is most
nearly related to <i>u</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>o</i>, and <i>j</i>.
<i>g</i>; as in <i>full</i>, <i>fill</i>, AS. <i>fyllan</i>; E.
<i>crypt</i>, <i>grotto</i>; <i>young</i>, <i>juvenile</i>;
<i>day</i>, AS. <i>dæg</i>. See <u>U</u>, <u>I</u>, and
<u>J</u>, <u>G</u>.</p>
<p> Spenser and later writers frequently employed this prefix when
affecting an archaic style, and sometimes used it incorrectly.</p>
<p><hw>Yac"a*re`</hw> (yăk"&adot;*rā`),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [See <i>Jacare</i>.] <i>(Zoöl.)</i> <def>A
South American crocodilian (<i>Jacare sclerops</i>) resembling the
alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected together,
and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. Called also <i>spectacled
alligator</i>, and <i>spectacled cayman</i>.</def> [Written also
<i>jacare</i>.]</p>
<p><hw>||Yaj"ur-Ve"da</hw> (y&adot;j"ûr-vā`d&adot;
<i>or</i> -vē`d&adot;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Skr. <i>yajur-
vēda</i>.] <def>See <u>Veda</u>.</def></p>
<p><blockquote>The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and
is <i>yare</i>; whereas the greater is slow.</blockquote> <i>Sir W.
Raleigh.</i></p>
<p>&fist; Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a present of
the defective imperfect <i>yode</i>. It is, however, only a variant of
<i>yode</i>. See <u>Yode</u>, and cf. <u>Yead</u>.</p>
<p>&fist; This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds; as,
<i>yester</i>day, <i>yester</i>night, etc.</p>
<p><sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>The day last past; the day next before the
present.</def></p>
<p><blockquote>Will ye relent,<BR>
And <i>yield</i> to mercy while 't is offered you?</blockquote>
<i>Shak.</i></p>
<p>&fist; The possessive takes the form <i>yours</i> when the noun to
which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this book is
<i>yours</i>. "An old fellow of <i>yours</i>." <i>Chaucer.</i></p>
<p>&fist; The a wider sense, the term sometimes includes the Mohaves
and other allied tribes.</p>
<p>&fist; The common form <i>iwis</i> was often written with the
prefix apart from the rest of the word and capitalized, as, <i>I
wis</i>, <i>I wisse</i>, etc. The prefix was mistaken for the pronoun,
<i>I</i> and <i>wis</i>, <i>wisse</i>, for a form of the verb
<i>wit</i> to know. See <u>Wis</u>, and cf. <u>Wit</u>, to know.</p>
<p><blockquote>Our ship, <i>I wis</i>,<BR>
Shall be of another form than this.</blockquote>
<i>Longfellow.</i></p>
<p><point26>Z.</point26></p>
<p>&fist; Some of the varieties are used as beasts of burden, and some
fore for riding, while others are raised for their milk and flesh. The
Brahmin bull, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos, also belongs to this
species. The male is called also <i>Indian bull</i>, <i>Indian ox</i>,
<i>Madras ox</i>, and <i>sacred bull</i>.</p>
<p><blockquote>From morn<BR>
To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve,<BR>
A summer's day; and with the setting sun<BR>
Dropped from the <i>zenith</i>, like a falling star.</blockquote>
<i>Milton.</i></p>
<p><blockquote>As gentle<BR>
As <i>zephyrs</i> blowing below the violet.</blockquote>
<i>Shak.</i></p>
<p><hw>Zin`gi*ber*a"ceous</hw>
(z&ibreve;n`j&ibreve;*b&etilde;r*ā"shŭs),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos> [L. <i>zingiber</i> ginger. See <u>Ginger</u>.]
<i>(Bot.)</i> <def>Of or pertaining to ginger, or to a tribe
(<i>Zingibereæ</i>) of endogenous plants of the order
<i>Scitamineæ</i>. See <u>Scitamineous</u>.</def></p>
<p><hw>||Zwan"zi*ger</hw> (tsvän"ts&esl;*g&etilde;r),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G.] <def>An Austrian silver coin equivalent to
20 kreutzers, or about 10 cents.</def></p>
<p>================================================================
1913 Supplementary Section: "New Words"
==================================================================</p>
<p><point26>A.</point26></p>
<p>&fist; The later Jews used its vowel points to fill out the
tetragrammaton <u>Yhvh</u>, or <u>Ihvh</u>, "the incommunicable name,"
and in reading substituted "Adonai".</p>
<p><hw>Air line</hw>. <def>A path through the air made easy for
aërial navigation by steady winds.</def></p>
<p><hw>||Am`pe*lop"sis</hw> (ăm`p&esl;*l&obreve;p"s&ibreve;s),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'a`mpelos</grk> vine +
<grk>'o`psis</grk> appearance.] <i>(Bot.)</i> <def>A genus formerly
including the Virginia creeper.</def></p>
<p><hw>||A*myg"da*la</hw> (&adot;*m&ibreve;g"d&adot;*l&adot;),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos>; pl. <plw><b>-læ</b></plw> (-lē).
[L., an almond, fr. Gr. <grk>'amygda`lh</grk>. See <u>Almond</u>.]
<sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>An almond.</def></p>
<p><hw>An*gus"ti*clave</hw>
(ăn*gŭs"t&ibreve;*klāv), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [L.
<i>angustus</i> narrow + <i>clavus</i> a nail, a stripe.] <i>(Rom.
Antiq.)</i> <def>A narrow stripe of purple worn by the equites on each
side of the tunic as a sign of rank.</def></p>
<p><hw>||A*noph"e*les</hw> (&adot;*n&obreve;f"&esl;*lēz),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>'anwfelh`s</grk> useless,
hurtful.] <i>(Zoöl.)</i> <def>A genus of mosquitoes which are
secondary hosts of the malaria parasites, and whose bite is the usual,
if not the only, means of infecting human beings with malaria. Several
species are found in the United States. They may be distinguished from
the ordinary mosquitoes of the genus <i>Culex</i> by the long slender
palpi, nearly equaling the beak in length, while those of the female
<i>Culex</i> are very short. They also assume different positions when
resting, <i>Culex</i> usually holding the body parallel to the surface
on which it rests and keeping the head and beak bent at an angle,
while <i>Anopheles</i> holds the body at an angle with the surface and
the head and beak in line with it. Unless they become themselves
infected by previously biting a subject affected with malaria, the
insects cannot transmit the disease.</def></p>
<p><hw>||A`per`çu"</hw> (&adot;`pâr`s&usdot;"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos>; pl. <plw><b>Aperçus</b></plw> (-
s&usdot;"). [F., prop. p. p. of <i>apercevoir</i> to perceive.]
<sn><b>1.</b></sn> <def>A first view or glance, or the perception or
estimation so obtained; an immediate apprehension or insight,
appreciative rather than analytic.</def></p>
<p><hw>A*pho"tic</hw> (&adot;*fō"t&ibreve;k),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>'a`fws</grk>, <grk>'a`fwtos</grk>.]
<def>Without light.</def></p>
<p><hw>||Ar*te`ri*o*scle*ro"sis</hw>
(är*tē`r&ibreve;*&osl;*skl&esl;*rō"s&ibreve;s),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>'arthri`a</grk> artery +
<i>sclerosis</i>.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Abnormal thickening and
hardening of the walls of the arteries, esp. of the intima, occurring
mostly in old age.</def> -- <wf>Ar*te`ri*o*scle*rot"ic</wf> (#),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>
<p><point26>B.</point26></p>
<p><hw>Ba*di"geon</hw> (b&adot;*d&ibreve;j"ŭn),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>A cement or distemper paste (as of
plaster and powdered freestone, or of sawdust and glue or lime) used
by sculptors, builders, and workers in wood or stone, to fill holes,
cover defects, etc.</def></p>
<p>{ <hw>Bar`æs*the`si*om"e*ter</hw>,
<hw>Bar`es*the`si*om"e*ter</hw> (?) }, <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. &?;
weight + <i>æsthesiometer</i>.] <i>(Physiol.)</i> <def>An
instrument for determining the delicacy of the sense of
pressure.</def> -- <wf>Bar`æs*the`si*o*met"ric</wf>,
<wf>Bar`es*the`si*o*met"ric</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>
<p><hw>||Bu"shi`do`</hw> (b&oomac;"shē`dō`),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Jap. <i>bu</i> military + <i>shi</i> knight +
<i>dō</i> way, doctrine, principle.] <def>The unwritten code of
moral principles regulating the actions of the Japanese knighthood, or
Samurai; the chivalry of Japan.</def></p>
<p><blockquote>Unformulated, <i>Bushido</i> was and still is the
animating spirit, the motor force of our country.</blockquote>
<i>Inazo Nitobé.</i></p>
<p><point26>C.</point26></p>
<p><hw>||Ca`bo`chon"</hw> (k&adot;`b&osl;`shôN"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <i>(Jewelry)</i> <def>A stone of convex
form, highly polished, but not faceted; also, the style of cutting
itself. Such stones are said to be cut <i>en cabochon</i>.</def></p>
<p><hw>Can"ne*lure</hw> (kăn"n&esl;*l&usl;r),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fr. <i>canneler</i> to groove.]
<i>(Mil.)</i> <def>A groove in any cylinder; specif., a groove around
the cylinder of an elongated bullet for small arms to contain a
lubricant, or around the rotating band of a gun projectile to lessen
the resistance offered to the rifling. Also, a groove around the base
of a cartridge, where the extractor takes hold.</def> --
<wf>Can"ne*lured</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>
<p><hw>||Ca`po*ral"</hw> (kä`p&osl;*räl"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp. See <u>Corporal</u>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>]
<def>One who directs work; an overseer.</def> [Sp. Amer.]</p>
<p><hw>||Chi`noi`se*rie"</hw> (shē`nw&adot;`z'*rē"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Chinese conduct, art, decoration, or
the like; also, a specimen of Chinese manners, art, decoration,
etc.</def></p>
<p>&fist; Some writers consider that only the obelisk now in Central
Park is properly called <i>Cleopatra's needle</i>.</p>
<p><hw>||Com`po`tier"</hw> (kôN`p&osl;`tyā"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos>; pl. <plw><b>Compotiers</b></plw> (<i>F.</i>
tyā"). [F.] <def>A dish for holding compotes, fruit,
etc.</def></p>
<p><hw>Con*duct"ance</hw> (k&obreve;n*dŭk"t<i>a</i>ns),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Conduct</i>, v. + <i>-ance</i>.]
<i>(Elec.)</i> <def>Conducting power; -- the reciprocal of
<i>resistance</i>. A suggested unit is the <i>mho</i>, the reciprocal
of the ohm.</def></p>
<p><hw>Cór"do*ba</hw> (kôr"d&osl;*vä),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Prob. fr. the Spanish explorer Francisco
Hernández de Córdoba.] <def>The monetary unit of
Nicaragua, equivalent to the United States gold dollar.</def></p>
<p><hw>Cor"e*plas`ty</hw> (k&obreve;r"&esl;*plăs`t&ybreve;),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>ko`rh</grk> pupil + <i>-plasty</i>.]
<i>(Med.)</i> <def>A plastic operation on the pupil, as for forming an
artificial pupil.</def> -- <wf>Cor`e*plas"tic</wf> (-
plăs"t&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>
<p><hw>Cra"dle*land`</hw> (krā"d'l*lănd`),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>Land or region where one was cradled; hence,
land of origin.</def></p>
<p>
<hw>Cross</hw>, <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> -- <col><b>To cross a
check</b></col> <i>(Eng. Banking)</i>, to draw two parallel transverse
lines across the face of a check, with or without adding between them
the words "and company", with or without the words "not negotiable",
or to draw the transverse lines simply, with or without the words "not
negotiable" (the check in any of these cases being <i>crossed
generally</i>). Also, to write or print across the face of a check the
name of a banker, with or without the words "not negotiable" (the
check being then <i>crossed specially</i>). A check crossed generally
is payable only when presented through a bank; one crossed specially,
only when presented through the bank mentioned.</p>
<p>&fist; The word is used adjectively with the above senses in many
phrases, such as: <i>culture medium</i>, any one of the various
mixtures of gelatin, meat extracts, etc., in which organisms
cultivated; <i>culture flask</i>, <i>culture oven</i>, <i>culture
tube</i>, <i>gelatin culture</i>, <i>plate culture</i>, etc.</p>
<p><point26>D.</point26></p>
<p><hw>||Dé`col`le*tage"</hw> (dā`k&osl;`l'*t&adot;zh),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. See <u>Décolleté</u>.]
<i>(Costume)</i> <def>The upper border or part of a
décolleté corsage.</def></p>
<p><hw>||Dé`col`le*té"</hw>
(d&asl;`k&obreve;l`l<i>e</i>*t&asl;"), <pos><i>a.</i></pos>
<def>Wearing a décolleté gown.</def></p>
<p><hw>Di*ab"o*lo</hw> (d&ibreve;*ăb"&osl;*lō),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An old game or sport (revived under this
name) consisting in whirling on a string, fastened to two sticks, a
small somewhat spool-shaped object (called the <i>diabolo</i>) so as
to balance it on a string, toss it in the air and catch it,
etc.</def></p>
<p><point26>E.</point26></p>
<p><hw>El"e*va`tor</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>
<i>(Aëronautics)</i> <def>A movable plane or group of planes used
to control the altitude or fore-and-aft poise or inclination of an
airship or flying machine.</def></p>
<p><hw>||É`lite"</hw> (ā`lēt"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Army organization</u>,
<i>Switzerland</i>.</def></p>
<p><hw>||En`tou`rage"</hw> (äN`t&oomac;`r&adot;zh"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>Surroundings; specif., collectively,
one's attendants or associates.</def></p>
<p><hw>||Ex`terne"</hw> (&ebreve;ks`t&ebreve;rn"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.] <def>An extern; esp;, a doctor or medical
student who is in attendance upon, or is assisting at, a hospital, but
who does not reside in it.</def></p>
<p><point26>F.</point26></p>
<p>The surface along which the dislocated masses have moved is called
the <col><b>fault plane</b></col>. When this plane is vertical, the
fault is a <col><b>vertical fault</b></col>; when its inclination is
such that the present relative position of the two masses could have
been produced by the sliding down, along the fault plane, of the mass
on its upper side, the fault is a <col><b>normal</b></col>, or
<col><b>gravity</b></col>, <col><b>fault</b></col>. When the fault
plane is so inclined that the mass on its upper side has moved up
relatively, the fault is then called a <col><b>reverse</b></col> (or
<col><b>reversed</b></col>), <col><b>thrust</b></col>, or
<col><b>overthrust</b></col>, <col><b>fault</b></col>. If no vertical
displacement has resulted, the fault is then called a
<col><b>horizontal fault</b></col>. The linear extent of the
dislocation measured on the fault plane and in the direction of
movement is the <col><b>displacement</b></col>; the vertical
displacement is the <col><b>throw</b></col>; the horizontal
displacement is the <col><b>heave</b></col>. The direction of the line
of intersection of the fault plane with a horizontal plane is the
<col><b>trend</b></col> of the fault. A fault is a <col><b>strike
fault</b></col> when its trend coincides approximately with the strike
of associated strata (i.e., the line of intersection of the plane of
the strata with a horizontal plane); it is a <col><b>dip
fault</b></col> when its trend is at right angles to the strike; an
<col><b>oblique fault</b></col> when its trend is oblique to the
strike. Oblique faults and dip faults are sometimes called
<col><b>cross faults</b></col>. A series of closely associated
parallel faults are sometimes called <col><b>step faults</b></col> and
sometimes <col><b>distributive faults</b></col>.</p>
<p><hw>Fa`vier" ex*plo"sive</hw> (?). [After the inventor, P. A.
<i>Favier</i>, a Frenchman.] <def>Any of several explosive mixtures,
chiefly of ammonium nitrate and a nitrate derivative of naphthalene.
They are stable, but require protection from moisture. As prepared it
is a compressed cylinder of the explosive, filled with loose powder of
the same composition, all inclosed in waterproof wrappers. It is used
for mining.</def></p>
<p><blockquote>She actually took the whip out of his hand and gave a
<i>flick</i> to the pony.</blockquote> <i>Mrs. Humphry Ward.</i></p>
<p><hw>||Frap`pé"</hw> (fr&adot;`pā"),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos> [F., p.p. of <i>frapper</i> to strike, to chill.]
<def>Iced; frozen; artificially cooled; as, wine
<i>frappé</i>.</def> -- <pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>A
frappé mixture or beverage, as a water ice, variously flavored,
frozen soft, and served in glasses.</def></p>
<p><point26>G.</point26></p>
<p><hw>Ga*dhel"ic</hw> (g&adot;*d&ebreve;l"&ibreve;k;
găd"<i>e</i>l*&ibreve;k), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> [See
<u>Gael</u>.] <def>Of, belonging to, or designating, that division of
the Celtic languages which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and
Manx.</def></p>
<p><hw>Ge`o*chem"is*try</hw>
(jē`&osl;*k&ebreve;m"&ibreve;s*tr&ybreve;), <pos><i>n.</i></pos>
[Gr. <grk>ge`a</grk>, <grk>gh^</grk>, the earth + <i>chemistry</i>.]
<def>The study of the chemical composition of, and of actual or
possible chemical changes in, the crust of the earth.</def> --
<wf>Ge`o*chem"ic*al</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos> --
<wf>Ge`o*chem"ist</wf> (#), <pos><i>n.</i></pos></p>
<p><point26>H.</point26></p>
<p><hw>He"li*um</hw> (hē"l&ibreve;*ŭm),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>"h`lios</grk> the sun.]
<i>(Chem.)</i> <def>An inert, monoatomic, gaseous element occurring in
the atmosphere of the sun and stars, and in small quantities in the
earth's atmosphere, in several minerals and in certain mineral waters.
Symbol, <i>He</i>; at. wt., 4. Helium was first detected
spectroscopically in the sun by Lockyer in 1868; it was first prepared
by Ramsay in 1895. Helium has a density of 1.98 compared with
hydrogen, and is more difficult to liquefy than the latter.
Chemically, it belongs to the argon group and cannot be made to form
compounds. It is a decomposition product of the radium
emanation.</def></p>
<p><table><pre>
Baisakh . . . . . . . . . . April-May
Jeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . May-June
Asarh . . . . . . . . . . . . June-July
Sawan (Sarawan) . . . . . . . July-Aug.
Bhadon . . . . . . . . . . . Aug.-Sept.
Asin (Kuar). . . . . . . . . . Sept.-Oct.
Katik (Kartik) . . . . . . . . Oct.-Nov.
Aghan . . . . . . . . . . . . Nov.-Dec.
Pus . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec.-Jan.
Magh . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan.-Feb.
Phagun (Phalgun) . . . . . . . Feb.-March
Chait . . . . . . . . . . . . March-April
</pre></table></p>
<p><hw>Hy"dro-a"ër*o*plane`</hw>. <i>(Aëronautics)</i>
<def>An aëroplane with a boatlike or other understructure that
enables it to travel on, or to rise from the surface of, a body of
water by its own motive power.</def></p>
<p><point26>I.</point26></p>
<p>&fist; The name is said to have been given in allusion not only to
the extravagant dress, but also to the frequent use of the phrase
"<i>C'est vraiment incroyable</i>" (That is really incredible.).</p>
<p><hw>||In`gé`nue"</hw> (ăN`zh&asl;`n&usdot;"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos>; pl. <plw><b>-nues</b></plw> (#). [F., fem. of
<i>ingénu</i> ingenious.] <def>An ingenuous or naïve girl
or young woman, or an actress representing such a person.</def></p>
<p><hw>In*ter"nal-com*bus"tion</hw>, <pos><i>a.</i></pos>
<i>(Mach.)</i> <def>Designating, or pertaining to, any engine (called
an <hw>Internal-combustion engine</hw>) in which the heat or pressure
energy necessary to produce motion is developed in the engine
cylinder, as by the explosion of a gas, and not in a separate chamber,
as in a steam-engine boiler. The gas used may be a fixed gas, or one
derived from alcohol, ether, gasoline (petrol), naphtha, oil
(petroleum), etc. There are three main classes: (1) <b>gas engines</b>
proper, using fixed gases, as coal, blast-furnace, or producer gas;
(2) engines using the vapor of a volatile fluid, as the typical
<b>gasoline (petrol) engine</b>; (3) <b>oil engines</b>, using either
an atomized spray or the vapor (produced by heat) of a comparatively
heavy oil, as petroleum or kerosene. In all of these the gas is mixed
with a definite amount of air, the charge is composed in the cylinder
and is then exploded either by a flame of gas (<col><b>flame
ignition</b></col> -- now little used), by a hot tube (<col><b>tube
ignition</b></col>) or the like, by an electric spark
(<col><b>electric ignition</b></col>, the usual method is gasoline
engines, or by the heat of compression, as in the Diesel engine. Gas
and oil engines are chiefly of the stationary type. Gasoline engines
are largely used for automobile vehicles, boats, etc. Most internal-
combustion engines use the Otto (four-stroke) cycle, though many use
the two-stroke cycle. They are almost universally trunk engines and
single-acting. Because of the intense heat produced by the frequent
explosions, the cylinders must be cooled by a water jacket
(<col><b>water-cooled</b></col>) or by air currents (<col><b>air
cooled</b></col>) to give the maximum thermodynamic efficiency and to
avoid excessive friction or seizing.</def></p>
<p><hw>In`ter*ur"ban</hw> (&ibreve;n`t&etilde;r*ûr"b<i>a</i>n),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Going between, or connecting, cities or
towns; as, <i>interurban</i> electric railways.</def></p>
<p><hw>Ir`o*quoi"an</hw> (&ibreve;r`&osl;*kwoi"<i>a</i>n),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or designating, one of
the principal linguistic stocks of the North American Indians. The
territory of the northern Iroquoian tribes, of whom the Five Nations,
or Iroquois proper, were the chief, extended from the shores of the
St. Lawrence and of Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie south, through
eastern Pennsylvania, to Maryland; that of the southern tribes, of
whom the Cherokees were chief, formed part of Virginia, the Carolinas,
Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. All of the tribes were agricultural,
and they were noted for large, communal houses, palisaded towns, and
ability to organize, as well as for skill in war.</def> --
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>An Indian of an Iroquoian tribe.</def></p>
<p><point26>J.</point26></p>
<p><hw>Ju"da*iz`ers</hw> (jū"d&asl;*īz`&etilde;rz),
<pos><i>n. pl.</i></pos> <def>See <u>Raskolnik</u>.</def></p>
<p><point26>K.</point26></p>
<p><hw>||Kép"vi*se*lö*ház`</hw> (?),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hung., fr. <i>képviselö</i>
representative + <i>ház</i> house.] <i>(Hungary)</i> <def>See
<u>Legislature</u>.</def></p>
<p><point26>L.</point26></p>
<p>
<table>
<headrow><item>State</item><item>Legislature, or
parliament</item><mitem>Upper
House&colret;<item>Name</item><item>Number of members -- how chosen or
composed -- term of office</item></mitem><mitem>Lower
House&colret;<item>Name</item><item>Number of members -- suffrage --
term of office</item></mitem></headrow>
-----------------------------------------------------------------
<row><item>Argentina</item><item>National
Congress</item><item>Senate</item><item>30 -- 2 from each provincew
and 2 from capital -- 9 years</item><item>House of
Deputies</item><item>120 (1 to 33,000) -- Manhood -- 4
years</item></row>
<row><item>Austria</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Belgium</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Brazil</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Chile</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Denmark</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>France</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>German
Empire</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item></row>
<row><item>*Great Britain</item><item>Parliament</item><item>House of
Lords</item><item>About 600</item><item>House of
Commons</item><item>About 670 -- 7 years, or until
dissolution</item></row>
<row><item>Greece</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Hungary</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Italy</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Japan</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Mexico</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Netherlands</item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item></row>
<row><item>#Norway</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Portugal</item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Prussia</item><item>Landtag</item>Herrenhaus<item></item>
<item>No limit -- very various classes -- For different
terms</item><item>Abgeordnetenhaus</item><item>433 -- Indirect
election, general suffrage§ -- 5 years, or until
dissolution</item></row>
<row><item>Spain</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Sweden</item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item><item></item></row>
<row><item>Switzerland</item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item></row>
<row><item>United
States</item><item>Congress</item><item>Senate</item><item>92(1908) --
6 years</item><item>House of Representatives</item><item>391 (1908) --
2 years.</item></row>
</table>
----------------------------------------------------------------
*In the self-governing colonies of Great Britain the legislative body
usually consists of two chambers, the names of the legislature and the
chambers varying. Thus in Australia the Federal Parliament is
composed of the Senate and the House of Commons, in New Zealand the
General Assembly is composed of the Legislative Council and the House
of Representatives, etc.</p>
<p><point26>M.</point26></p>
<p><hw>||Ma`cé`doine"</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F.,
apparently the same word as <i>Macédoine</i> Macedonia.] <def>A
kind of mixed dish, as of cooked vegetables with white sauce, sweet
jelly with whole fruit, etc. Also, fig., a medley.</def></p>
<p><sn><b>2.</b></sn> <def>Margarin.</def></p>
<p><hw>Mar"ga*ry*ize</hw> (?), <pos><i>v. t.</i></pos> [<pos><i>imp.
& p. p.</i></pos> <u>-ized</u> (?); <pos><i>p. pr. & vb. n.</i></pos>
<u>-izing</u> (?).] [(J. J. Lloyd) <i>Margary</i>, inventor of the
process + <i>-ize</i>.] <def>To impregnate (wood) with a preservative
solution of copper sulphate (often called <hw>Mar"ga*ry's flu"id</hw>
[-r&ibreve;z]).</def></p>
<p>
<hw>||Me"ro</hw> (?), <pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Sp.; cf. Pg. <i>mero</i>.]
<def>Any of several large groupers of warm seas, esp. the guasa
(<i>Epinephelus guaza</i>), the red grouper (<i>E. morio</i>), the
black grouper (<i>E. nigritas</i>), distinguished as <hw>Me"ro de lo
al"to</hw> (&?;), and a species called also <i>rock hind</i>,
distinguished as <hw>Me"ro ca*brol"la</hw> (&?;).</def></p>
<p>
<u>Months of the Mohammedan year</u>.</p>
<p> 1 <ct>Muharram</ct> . . . .. 30
2 <ct>Safar</ct> . . . . . . .. 29
3 <ct>Rabia I</ct> . . . . . . 30
4 <ct>Rabia II</ct> . . . .. 29
5 <ct>Jumada I</ct> . . . .. 30
6 <ct>Jumada II</ct> . . . . 29
7 <ct>Rajab</ct> . . . . . . .. 30
8 <ct>Shaban</ct> . . . . . . . 29
9 <ct>Ramadan</ct> . . . . . . 30
10 <ct>Shawwal</ct> . . . . . . 29
11 <ct>Zu'lkadah</ct> . . . . 30
12 <ct>Zu'lhijjah</ct> . . . 29*
* in leap year, 30 days</p>
<p><u>Alphabet</u>
<pre>
A .- H .... O . . V ...-</p>
<p><u>Numerals</u></p>
<p>3 . . . -. 6 . . . . . . 9 -..-</p>
<p><point26>N.</point26></p>
<p><point26>O.</point26></p>
<p><hw>Out"rig`ger</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>
<i>(Aëronautics)</i> <def>A projecting frame used to support the
elevator or tail planes, etc.</def></p>
<p><point26>P.</point26></p>
<p><hw>||Par"a*shoth</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>;
<def><pos><i>pl.</i></pos> of <u>Parashah</u>.</def></p>
<p><hw>Ped`i*at"ric</hw> (p&ebreve;d`&ibreve;*ăt"r&ibreve;k
<i>or</i> pēd`&ibreve;*ăt"r&ibreve;k),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos> [Gr. <grk>pai^s</grk>, <grk>paido`s</grk>, child
+ <grk>'iatrei`a</grk> healing.] <i>(Med.)</i> <def>Pertaining to the
care and medical treatment of children.</def><BR>
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]</p>
<p>
<table>
<title>PERPETUAL CALENDAR</title>
<row><item>Day of the month</item><item>Jan. Oct.</item><item>Apr.
July <i>Jan.</i></item><item>Sept.
Dec.</item><item>June</item><item>Feb. Mar. Nov.</item><item>Aug.
<i>Feb.</i></item><item>May</item><item>Day of the Week</item></row>
<row><mitem><srow><item>1</item><item>8</item><item>15</item>
<item>22</item><item>29</item></srow></mitem><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item>
</item></row>
<row><mitem><srow><item>2</item><item>9</item><item>16</item>
<item>23</item><item>30</item></srow></mitem><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item></row>
<row><mitem><srow><item>3</item><item>10</item><item>17</item>
<item>24</item><item>31</item></srow></mitem><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item></row>
<row><mitem><srow><item>4</item><item>11</item><item>18</item>
<item>25</item><item> </item></srow></mitem><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item></row>
<row><mitem><srow><item>5</item><item>12</item><item>19</item>
<item>26</item><item> </item></srow></mitem><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item></row>
<row><mitem><srow><item>6</item><item>13</item><item>20</item>
<item>27</item><item> </item></srow></mitem><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item></row>
<row><mitem><srow><item>@7</item><item>14</item><item>21</item>
<item>28</item><item> </item></srow></mitem><item></item><item></item>
<item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item><item></item>
<item></item></row></table>
<mtable><row><item>To find the day of the week corresponding to any
date, find the small letter directly under the month and opposite the
day of the month; the same small letter also appears in the vertical
column that contains the number of the year, and if the line in which
it stands is followed out to the right, the day of the week is found.
Thus, the small letter under March and opposite 18 is b; b appears
again directly over 1904, and at its right is the word <i>Friday</i>.
March 18 fell on Friday in 1904, and also in 1898, 1892, etc. The
calendar has other uses, as for finding the months which begin on
Sunday in a particular year, etc.</item><item><table>
|1753 |1754 |1755 |1750 |1751 |1757 |*1752
|1759 |1765 |*1760 |1761 |*1756 |1763
|1758</table></item></row>
</mtable></p>
<p><hw>Per`si*enne"</hw> (p&etilde;r`s&ibreve;*&ebreve;n"; -
sh&ibreve;*&ebreve;n"; <i>F.</i> p&etilde;r`sy&ebreve;n"),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F., fem. of <i>presien</i> Persian.]
<def>Properly, printed calico, whether Oriental or of fanciful design
with flowers, etc., in Western work. Hence, as extended in English,
material of a similar character.</def></p>
<p><blockquote>Fierce <i>Phlegethon</i>,<BR>
Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.</blockquote>
<i>Milton.</i></p>
<p><hw>Pho`to*neph"o*graph</hw> (-n&ebreve;f"&osl;*gr&adot;f),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Photo-</i> + Gr. <grk>ne`fos</grk> a cloud +
<i>-graph</i>.] <i>(Meteor.)</i> <def>A nephoscope registering by
photography, commonly consisting of a pair of cameras used
simultaneously.</def></p>
<p><hw>||Plank"ton</hw> (plă&nsm;k"t&obreve;n),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [NL., fr. Gr. <grk>plagto`n</grk>, neut. of
<grk>plagto`s</grk> wandering, <grk>pla`zesqai</grk> to wander.]
<i>(Biol.)</i> <def>All the animals and plants, taken collectively,
which live at or near the surface of salt or fresh waters.</def> --
<wf>Plank*ton"ic</wf> (#), <pos><i>a.</i></pos></p>
<p><hw>Poker dice</hw>. <def>A game played with five dice in which the
count is usually made, in order, by pairs, two pairs, three of a kind,
full houses, four of a kind, and five of a kind (the highest throw),
similar to poker; also, the dice used in this game, esp. when marked
with the ace, king, queen, jack, ten, and nine instead of the usual
digits.</def></p>
<p><hw>Post`-im*pres"sion*ism</hw>, <pos><i>n.</i></pos>
<i>(Painting)</i> <def>In the broadest sense, the theory or practice
of any of several groups of recent painters, or of these groups taken
collectively, whose work and theories have in common a tendency to
reaction against the scientific and naturalistic character of
impressionism and neo-impressionism. In a strict sense the term post-
impressionism is used to denote the effort at self-expression, rather
than representation, shown in the work of Cézanne, Matisse,
etc.; but it is more broadly used to include <b>cubism</b>, the theory
or practice of a movement in both painting and sculpture which lays
stress upon volume as the important attribute of objects and attempts
its expression by the use of geometrical figures or solids only; and
<b>futurism</b>, a theory or practice which attempts to place the
observer within the picture and to represent simultaneously a number
of consecutive movements and impressions. In practice these theories
and methods of the post-impressionists change with great rapidity and
shade into one another, so that a picture may be both cubist and
futurist in character. They tend to, and sometimes reach, a condition
in which both representation and traditional decoration are entirely
abolished and a work of art becomes a purely subjective expression in
an arbitrary and personal language.</def></p>
<p><hw>Prism glass</hw>. <def>Glass with one side smooth and the other
side formed into sharp-edged ridges so as to reflect the light that
passes through, used at windows to throw the light into the
interior.</def></p>
<p><point26>Q.</point26></p>
<p><point26>R.</point26></p>
<p><hw>||Raths"kel`ler</hw> (räts"k&ebreve;l*l&etilde;r),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [G., also <i>ratskeller</i>, prop., town-hall
cellar.] <def>Orig., in Germany, the cellar or basement of the city
hall, usually rented for use as a restaurant where beer is sold;
hence, a beer saloon of the German type below the street level, where,
usually, drinks are served only at tables and simple food may also be
had; -- sometimes loosely used, in English, of what are essentially
basement restaurants where liquors are served.</def></p>
<p><hw>Re*sorp"tion</hw> (r&esl;*sôrp"shŭn),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <i>(Petrography)</i> <def>The redissolving wholly
or in part, in the molten magma of an igneous rock, of crystals
previously formed. The dissolved material may again solidify, giving
rise to a mass of small crystals, usually of a different
kind.</def></p>
<p><hw>||Res"sal*dar</hw> (r&ebreve;s"s<i>a</i>l*där),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Hind. <i>risāldār</i>, fr.
<i>risālā</i> troop of horse + Per. <i>dār</i>
holding.] <i>(Mil.)</i> <def>In the Anglo-Indian army, a native
commander of a ressala.</def></p>
<p><hw>Re*tard"er</hw> (r&esl;*tär"d&etilde;r),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <sn><b>1.</b></sn> <i>(Steam Boiler)</i> <def>Any
of various devices, as a helix of flat metal strip, introduced into a
boiler tube to increase the heating effect of the fire.</def></p>
<p><blockquote>The bass have left the cool depth beside the rock and
are on the <i>riffle</i> or just below it.</blockquote> <i>James A.
Henshall.</i></p>
<p><hw>Rout" cake`</hw> (?). <def>A kind of rich sweet cake made for
routs, or evening parties.</def></p>
<p><point26>S.</point26></p>
<p><hw>Si*roc"co</hw> (s&ibreve;*r&obreve;k"k&osl;),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>In general, any hot dry wind of cyclonic
origin, blowing from arid or heated regions, including the desert wind
of Southern California, the harmattan of the west coasts of Africa,
the hot winds of Kansas and Texas, the kamsin of Egypt, the leste of
the Madeira Islands, and the leveche of Spain.</def></p>
<p><hw>Solo whist</hw>. <def>A card game played with the full pack
ranking as at whist, each player declaring for which of seven
different points he proposes to play.</def></p>
<p><hw>Syz"y*gy</hw> (s&ibreve;z"&ibreve;*j&ybreve;),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> <def>The intimately united and apparently fused
condition of certain low organisms during conjugation.</def></p>
<p><point26>T.</point26></p>
<p><hw>||Tal"a*poin</hw> (tăl"&adot;*poin),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Pg. <i>talapoi</i>, <i>talapoin</i>, name for
Buddhist priest, fr. Siamese <i>t‘ama p‘ră</i>;
<i>t‘ama</i>, honorific title + <i>p‘ră</i>
priest.] <def>A Buddhist monk or priest.</def> [Ceylon & Indo-
China]</p>
<p><hw>Tan"ge*lo</hw> (tăn"j&esl;*lō),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Tang</i>erine + pom<i>elo</i>.] <def>A
hybrid between the tangerine orange and the grapefruit, or pomelo;
also, the fruit.</def></p>
<p><hw>Tel"e*scope</hw> (t&ebreve;l"&esl;*skōp),
<pos><i>a.</i></pos> <def>Capable of being extended or compacted, like
a telescope, by the sliding of joints or parts one within the other;
telescopic; as, a <i>telescope</i> bag; <i>telescope</i> table,
etc.</def></p>
<p><hw>||To"hu*bo"hu</hw> (tō"h&oomac;-bō"h&oomac;),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [F. <i>tohu-bohu</i>, fr. Heb. <i>tohū wa
bohū</i> without form and void (<i>Gen. i. 2</i>).] <def>Chaos;
confusion.</def></p>
<p><hw>Tom and Jerry</hw>. <def>A hot sweetened drink of rum and water
spiced with cinnamon, cloves, etc., and beaten up with eggs.</def></p>
<p><point26>U.</point26></p>
<p><point26>V.</point26></p>
<p><hw>Var*gue"no</hw> (vär*gā"nō),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [Said to be fr. <i>Vargas</i>, name of a village
in Spain.] <i>(Art)</i> <def>A decorative cabinet, of a form
originating in Spain, the body being rectangular and supported on legs
or an ornamental framework and the front opening downwards on hinges
to serve as a writing desk.</def></p>
<p><hw>Vas*ec"to*my</hw> (văs*&ebreve;k"t&osl;*m&ybreve;),
<pos><i>n.</i></pos> [<i>Vas</i> + <i>-ecmoty</i>.] <i>(Surg.)</i>
<def>Resection or excision of the vas deferens.</def></p>
<p><point26>W.</point26></p>
<p><point26>X.</point26></p>
<p><point26>Y.</point26></p>
<p><point26>Z.</point26></p>