GLOSSAEY.

1219:
used as a rtressing room. Sometimes a elosct is made for the reception of 'stores, and
is then called a store closet.
Clough or CioYSH. The same as paddle, shuttle, sluice, or penstock.
A contrivance for
retiiining
or letting out the water of a canal, pond, &c.
Clough
Arches or Padple-holes. Crooked arches by which the water is conveyed
from the upper pond into the chamber of the lock of a canal on drawing up the cloituh
Clout Nail. See Nails.
Clustered.
The combination of several members of an Order
penetrating each other.
Clustered
Tillar. Several slender pillars or shafts attache.l to each other so as to
form one. In Eoman architecture the term is used to denote two or four columns
which appear to intersect each other, at the angle of a building, or of an apartment to
answer
to each return.
Coarse Rtuff.
_
In plastering, a mixture of lime and hair used in the first coat and float-
ing of plastering.
In floating, more hair is used than in the first coat.
Coat.
A thicknes-s or covering of plaster, paint, or other work done at one time.
CoH-WALLS.
Such as are formed of mud mixed with straw, not
uncommon in some
districts of England, but the best are to be found in Somersetshire.
CocKixG
or Cogging.
See Caulking.
Cockle
Stairs. A term sometimes used to denote a winding staircase.
CoDDiNGS.
A Scotch term for the base or footings on which chimney jambs are set in
the ground floor of a building.
Ccenaculum.
(Lat.) In ancient Roman architecture, an eating or supper room. In the
early period of their history, when the iiouses rarely consisted of more than two stori.'s,
it denoted generally the upper story. The word also signified lodgings to let out for
hire.
Ako the upper stories of the circi, which were divided into small shops or
rooms.
C(ENATio.
An app.rtment in the lower part of the Roman houses, or in a garden, to sup
or eat in. From Suetonius it would appear that it denoted a banqueting and snmmop
house. In the Laurentine Villa a large ccenatio is described by the j-ounger Pliuj', and
it seems, from the description, that it was pluced in the upper "part of a lofty tower.
Coffer. (Shx. Copne.) A sunk pnnel in vaidts and domes, and al.'-o in the soflfite or
under side of the Corinthian and Comprsite cornices, and usually decorated in the centre
with a flower. But the application of the term is general to any sunk pnnel in a ceiling
or soflSte. See Caisson.
Coffer Dam. A case of piling, water-tight, fixed in the bed of a river, for the purpose
of excluding the water while any work, such as a wharf wall, or the pier of a bridge, is
carried up. A coffer dam is vnriously formed, either by a single enclosure or by a
doulile one, with clay, chalk, bricks, or other materials between, so as effectually to
exclude the water. The coffer dam is also made with piles only driven close together,
and sometimes notched or dove-tailed into one another. If the water be not very deep,
piles may be driven at a distance of five or six feet from each other, and grooved in
the sides with boards let down between them in the grooves. For building in coffer
dams, a good natural bottom of gravel or clay is requisite, for though the sides be mado
sufficiently water-tight, if the bed of the river be loose, the water will ooze up through
it in too great quantities to permit the operations to be carried on. It is almost
unnecessary to inculcate the necessity of the sides being very strong and well-braced
on the inside to resist the pressure of the water.
OoGGiNG. See Caulking.
Cohesion. See Resistance.
Coin. (Fr.) The same as quoin. The angle formed by two surfaces of a stone or brick
building, whether external or internal, as the corner formed by two walls, or of anarch
and wall, the corner made by the two adjacent sides of a room, &c.
CoKEL, Cockle, or Coakel. A furnace made of very thick iron for generating heated
air of great intensity, the iron often being mada red-bot.
Coliseum. The name given to the amphitheatre built (a.d.
72)
by Vespasian.
Collar or Colarino. (It.) A ring or cincture; it is another name for the astragal of a
column. It is sometimes called the neck, gorgerin, or hypotrachelium.
Collar Beam. A beam used in the construction of a roof above the lower ends of the
rafters or base of the roof. The tie beam is always in a state of extension, but the
collar beam may be either in a state of compression or extension as the principal raf'crs
are with or without tie beams. In trussed roofs, collar beams arc framed into queen
posts; in common n ofs, into the rafters themselves.
In general, trusses have no more than one collar beam
;
yet, in very largo roofs, they
may
have two or three col'ar beams besides the tie beam. The collar beam supports or
trusses up the sides of the rafters, so as to keep them from sagging without any other
suriport, but then the tie beam would besupporto>l only at its extremities. In common
purlin roofing, the purlins are laid in the acute angles between the rafters and the upper
edges of the collar btams.
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