Developing Culture in an organization

What is culture.....................................................................................................................2
Culture defined:..............................................................................................................2
DO ORGANIZATIONS HAVE UNIFORM CULTURES?...............................................3
Dominant culture:............................................................................................................3
Subculture:.......................................................................................................................3
Core values:.....................................................................................................................3
STRONG VS WEAK CULTURES:................................................................................4
WHAT DO CULTURES DO?.............................................................................................4
CULTURE AS A LIABILITY:.......................................................................................4
BARRIER TO CHANGE:...............................................................................................5
BARRIER TO DIVERSITY:...........................................................................................5
BARRIER TO ACQUISTIONS AND MERGERS:.......................................................5
CREATING AND SUSTAINING CULTURE:..................................................................5
HOW CULTURE BEGAINS:.........................................................................................5
KEEPING THE CULTURE ALIVE:..............................................................................6
SELECTION: ..................................................................................................................6
TOP MANAGEMENT:...................................................................................................7
SOCIALIZATION:..........................................................................................................7

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 Developing Culture in an organization

What is culture
Culture defined:

A system of shared meaning held by the members that distinguishes organizations from
other organizations. Research suggests that there are seven primaries characteristics that,
in aggregate, capture the essence of organizational culture.

1. Innovative risk taking: the degree to which the employees are courage to be
innovative and take risk.

2. Attention to detail: The degree to which employee are accepted to exhibit

precision analysis and attention to detail.

3. Outcome oriented: the degree to which management focuses on results or

outcomes rather on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes.

4. People orientation: The degree to which management decision take into

consideration, the effect of outcome on people within the organization.

5. Team orientation: The degree to which work actives are organized around teams
rather than individual.

6. Aggressiveness: The degree to which people are aggressive and competitive

rather than easygoing.

7. Stability: The degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the

status quo in contrast to growth.

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 Developing Culture in an organization

DO ORGANIZATIONS HAVE UNIFORM CULTURES?

Organizational culture represents a common perception held by the organization `s

members. This was made explicit when we define culture as a system of shared meaning.
We should expect, therefore, that individuals with different backgrounds or at different
levels in the organization will tend to describe the organization `s culture.

Dominant culture:

Dominant culture expresses the core values that are shared by a majority of the
organization’s member.

Subculture:

Subcultures are mini-cultures within an organization, typically defined by department

designations and geographical separation.

Core values:

Core values are the primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the
organization.

If organizations had no dominant culture and were composed only of numerous

subcultures, the value of organizational culture as an independent variable would be
significantly lessened because there would be no uniform interpretation of what
represented appropriate and inappropriate behavior.

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 Developing Culture in an organization

STRONG VS WEAK CULTURES:

Strong culture: the organization’s core values are both intensely held and widely shared.
The more members who accept the core values and the greater tier commitment to those
values are, the stronger the culture is. One specific result of a strong culture should be
lower employee turnover. A strong culture demonstrates high agreement among members
about what the organization stands for.

WHAT DO CULTURES DO?

Culture performs and assess whether culture can be liability for an organization.cuture
can perform a number of functions within an organization .first it ha a boundary ;
defining role , that is , it creates distinction between one organization and others , second
it conveys a sense of identity for organization members . Third culture facilitates the
generation of commitment to something larger to one’s individual interest. Forth it
enhances stability of the social system. Culture is social glue that helps hold the
organization together by providing appropriate standards for what employees should say
and do. Finally culture serves as a sense making and control mechanisms that guides and
shapes the attitude and behavior of employees

CULTURE AS A LIABILITY:

More of cultures function, as out line is valuable for both employees and organizations.
Culture enhances organizational commitment and increases the competencies of
employee behavior. These are clear benefits to an organization. From an employee stand
point, culture is valuable because it reduces ambiguity. It tells employees how things are
done and what’s important.

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 Developing Culture in an organization

BARRIER TO CHANGE:

Culture is the liability when the shared values are not in agreement with those that will
further the organization effectiveness this is most likely to occur when an organization
dynamic. When an environment is undergoing rapid change, an organization `s
entrenched culture may no longer be appropriate. So consistency of behavior is an asset
to an organization when it faces a stable environment.

BARRIER TO DIVERSITY:

Organizations seek out the hire diverse individuals because of the alternative strengths
these people bring to the workplace. Yet these diverse behaviors and strengths are likely
to diminish in strong cultures as people attempt to fit in. Strong cultures, therefore, can be
liabilities when they effectively eliminate the unique strengths that people of different
backgrounds bring to the organization. Moreover, strong cultures can also be liabilities
when they support institutional bias or become insensitive to people who are different.

BARRIER TO ACQUISTIONS AND MERGERS:

The key factors that management looked at in making acquisition or merger decisions
were related to financial advantages or product synergy. In recent year, cultural
compatibility has become the primary concern.

CREATING AND SUSTAINING CULTURE:

HOW CULTURE BEGAINS:

An organization current customs, traditions, and general ways doing things are largely
due to what it has done before and the degree to success it has had with those endeavors
this leads us to the ultimate source of an organizations culture it founds .the founder of an

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 Developing Culture in an organization

organization traditionally has major impact on that organization’s early culture .they have
a vision of what the organization should be. They are unconcern trained by previous
custom ideology. The small size that typically factorizes new organizations further
facilitates the founders in position of their vision on all the organization members.
Culture creation occurs in three ways. First the founder hires and keeps only employees
who think and feel in the same ways as they do. Second they indoctrinate and socialize
these employees to their way of thinking and feeling. And finally the founder’s own
behavior acts as a role model that encourages employees to identify with them and
thereby internalize their beliefs, values and assumptions.

KEEPING THE CULTURE ALIVE:

Once culture is in place, there are practices within the organization that act to maintain it
by giving employees a set of similar experiences. For example, many of the human
resources practices reinforce the organization’s culture. The selection process,
performance evaluation criteria, training and career development activities, and
promotion procedures ensure that those hired fit in with the culture, reward those who
support it, and penalize those who challenge it. Three forces play a particularly important
part in sustaining a culture: selection practices, the actions of top management, and
socialization methods.

SELECTION:

The organization tries to select those people which fit with the culture of the
organization e.g. applicants for entry level position in P& G experience an exhaustive
application screening process. there interviews are part of an elite cadre who have been
selected and trained extensively via lectures , video tapes , practice interviews and roles
play to identify applicants who will successfully fit in P & G.

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 Developing Culture in an organization

TOP MANAGEMENT:

The actions of the top management also have major impact on the organization culture.
though what they say and how the behave , senior executives establish norms that filter
down through the organization as to whether risk taking is desirable , how much freedom
managers should give to there employees : what is a appropriate dress , what actions
will pay off in terms of pay raise promotions and other rewards and the like .

SOCIALIZATION:

No matter how good a job, the organization does in recruiting and selection, new
employees are not fully indoctrinated in the organizational culture may be most important
because they are unfamiliar with organizational culture new employees are potentially
likely to disturb the beliefs and customs that are in place. The organization will, therefore
want to help new employees adapt to its culture, this adoption process is called
socialization.

Socialization can be conceptualized as made up of three stages: pre-arrival stage,

Encounter stage, and metamorphosis. The first stage encompasses all the learning

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