Hierarchical DBMS[edit]

A DBMS is said to be hierarchical if the relationships among data in the

database are established in such a way that one data item is present as the
subordinate of another one or a sub unit. Here subordinate means that items
have parent!child relationships among them. Direct relationships e"ist
between any two records that are stored consecutively. #he data structure
tree is followed by the DBMS to structure the database. $o bac%ward
movement is possible&allowed in the hierarchical database.
#he hierarchical data model was developed by 'BM in ()*+ and introduced in
information management systems. #his model is li%e a structure of a tree
with the records forming the nodes and
$etwor% DBMS[edit]
A DBMS is said to be a $etwor% DBMS if the relationships among data in the
database are of type many!to!many. #he relationships among many!to!many
appears in the form of a networ%. #hus the structure of a networ% database is
e"tremely complicated because of these many!to!many relationships in which
one record can be used as a %ey of the entire database. A networ% database
is structured in the form of a graph that is also a data structure. #hough the
structure of such a DBMS is highly complicated however it has two basic
elements i.e. records and sets to designate many!to!many relationships.
Mainly high!level languages such as ,ascal- .//- .0B01 and 203#3A$ etc.
were used to implement the records and set structures.
3elational DBMS[edit]
A DBMS is said to be a 3elational DBMS or 3DBMS if the database
relationships are treated in the form of a table. #here are three %eys on
relational DBMS4 relation- domain and attributes. A networ% means it contains
a fundamental constructs sets or records sets contains one to many
relationship-records contains 5elds statical table that is composed of rows
and columns is used to organi6e the database and its structure and is actually
a two dimension array in the computer memory. A number of 3DBMSs are
available- some popular e"amples are 0racle- Sybase- 'ngress- 'nformi"-
Microsoft S71 Server- and Microsoft Access.
0b8ect!oriented DBMS[edit]
Able to handle many new data types- including graphics- photographs- audio-
and video- ob8ect!oriented databases represent a signi5cant advance over
their other database cousins. Hierarchical and networ% databases are all
designed to handle structured data9 that is- data that 5ts nicely into 5elds-
rows- and columns. #hey are useful for handling small snippets of information
such as names- addresses- 6ip codes- product numbers- and any %ind of
statistic or number you can thin% of. 0n the other hand- an ob8ect!oriented
database can be used to store data from a variety of media sources- such as
photographs and te"t- and produce wor%- as output- in a multimedia format.
[(]
0b8ect!oriented databases use small- reusable chun%s of software called
ob8ects. #he ob8ects themselves are stored in the ob8ect!oriented database.
:ach ob8ect consists of two elements4 (; a piece of data <e.g.- sound- video-
te"t- or graphics;- and =; the instructions- or software programs called
methods- for what to do with the data. ,art two of this de5nition re>uires a
little more e"planation. #he instructions contained within the ob8ect are used
to do something with the data in the ob8ect. 2or e"ample- test scores would
be within the ob8ect as would the instructions for calculating average test
score.
0b8ect!oriented databases have two disadvantages. 2irst- they are more
costly to develop. Second- most organi6ations are reluctant to abandon or
convert from those databases that they have already invested money in
developing and implementing. However- the bene5ts to ob8ect!oriented
databases are compelling. #he ability to mi" and match reusable ob8ects
provides incredible multimedia capability. Healthcare organi6ations- for
e"ample- can store- trac%- and recall .A# scans- ?!rays- electrocardiograms
and many other forms of crucial data.