Analytical Chemistry 3

Handbook description
This subject covers lecture topics such as: method validation, chemometrics
(including principal component analysis and artificial neural networks), experimental design;
advanced analytical techniques including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray
fluorescence and microfluidics; and guest lectures from industry including Agilent
Technologies, Waters Chromatography, National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA)
and the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI). The practical component requires
students to develop, validate and apply an analytical method to a given sample using a variety
of techniques including High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas
Chromatography (GC), Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy
(NMR) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Subject objectives
Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to:
1. Posses high level analytical chemistry skills.
2. Be familiar with all types of analytical methodologies used in a range of
laboratories
3. Be able to design, develop and validate instrumental analytical methods and
apply the methods to real world samples
Contribution to the development of graduate attributes
This core subject provides the students via an enquiry-oriented approach with the
necessary material to fully understand the chemical principles behind the discipline of
analytical chemistry. The theory and practical knowledge obtained in the subjects Analytical
Chemistry 1 and Analytical Chemistry 2 is refined to make graduates work ready. The
subject include a significant component based around the critical evaluation of research
publications. The subject is delivered in a way that also develops the students written and oral
scientific communication skills


Teaching and learning strategies
The subject is delivered through 2 hour weekly lectures (13 weeks) and 4 hour
practical classes (10 weeks) to complement and reinforce lecture material. All material
delivered to students during both lectures and practicals are accessible from UTSOnline
Content
Part 1. Lecture Component
The lecture component introduces advanced analytical instrumental techniques,
method validation and measurement of uncertainty. Guest lectures from leading analytical
chemistry instrument manufacturers present the latest chemical analysis technologies such as
micro-chip High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Emerging
separation technologies are also introduced, providing the student with an appreciation of the
rapidly advancing field of analytical chemistry. Guest lectures are also presented.
Specific topics are: Method Validation. Chemometrics, including principal component
analysis and the application of artificial neural networks for method optimisation.
Experimental Design. Good Manufacturing Practice. Raman Spectroscopy. X-ray Diffraction.
Micro-fluidics.
Part 2. Practical Component
Students are required to develop, validate, and apply an analytical method to various
sample types and matrices. Students will be placed in groups of three (subject to class size
and equipment availability), with each group choosing an analytical technique for example
High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Capillary Electrophoresis, Gas Chromatography
or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Under the supervision of the demonstrators, each group will
perform a literature survey and based on this survey develop a method for the analysis of the
given sample. Each group is required to present their approach to the rest of the class before
undertaking the practical sessions. Once the practical sessions are completed each group will
submit a detailed laboratory report which will include the literature review, justification of
the chosen method, method validation and the results of the analysis. Each group is also
required to present a 20 minute talk to defend their analytical method.


Organic Chemistry 2
Handbook description
The subject builds on previous studies of functional group reactions and spectroscopic
techniques and illustrates applications of these concepts for organic synthesis. Topics covered
include aromaticity and chemistry of benzene and heterocyclic compounds; carbanion
chemistry and multi-step synthesis of new aromatic compounds; chemistry of phenols and
aryl halides; palladium-catalysed coupling reactions and modern synthetic methods used in
academia and industry; molecular orbital theory, pericyclic reactions and 1,3-dipolar [2+3]
cycloadditions. The subject also emphasises the practical applications of organic chemistry in
the synthesis of many important compounds. Chemical research literacy in organic chemistry
is implemented, using SciFinder Scholar, with an emphasis on differentiate and use of
chemical literature.
In the laboratory, students have the opportunity to perform multi-step reactions to
synthesise bioactive molecule and natural products as well as carrying out other useful
synthetic transformations.
Subject objectives
Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to:
1. application of key concepts in chemical structure and bonding, including
functional groups, to the rationalization of reactions of organic molecules
2. understanding fundamental organic reaction mechanisms
3. proficiency in synthesizing organic compounds in the laboratory and be
familiar with modern organic synthetic methods and strategies used in synthesis
4. the ability to think logically and critically, to evaluate, analyze and use
information from different sources
5. scientific inquisitiveness and the approach, knowledge and practical skills
necessary for learning in science
6. analytical and problem solving skills
7. excellence in written scientific communication
8. skills in the management of workload and working as a team required for
scientific based practice and professional work.
Contribution to the development of graduate attributes
The Faculty of Science has determined that our courses will aim to develop the
following attributes in students at the completion of their course of study. Each subject will
contribute to the development of these attributes in ways appropriate to the subject and the
stage of progression, thus not all attributes are expected to be addressed in all subjects.
Disciplinary knowledge and its appropriate application
An understanding of the nature, practice and application of organic chemistry is
fostered through the lecture material taught and is enhanced through the laboratory
experiences which reinforce the principles taught in lectures.
An Enquiry-oriented approach
This involves fostering an understanding of the scientific method of knowledge
acquisition. It also encompasses problem solving, critical thinking and analysis attributes, and
the ability to discover new understanding. All of these attributes are developed through the
practical program. Students learn to acquire record and interpret scientific data and make
judgments beyond the current experiments to wider scientific principles.
Professional skills and their appropriate application
This refers to the ability to acquire, develop, employ and integrate a range of
technical, practical and professional skills, in appropriate and ethical ways within a
professional context, autonomously and collaboratively and across a range of disciplinary and
professional areas. In this context, students develop personal organization skills, teamwork
skills, and laboratory skills. Students obtain these skills through the practical component of
the subject, including the recording and reporting of their experimental results. All
experiments are written up as formal reports in which students are encouraged to adopt a
reporting style found in journal publications.
Communication skills
This refers to developing an understanding of the different forms of communication -
writing, reading, speaking, listening - including visual and graphical, within science and
beyond, and the ability to apply these appropriately and effectively for different audiences.
These are fostered through the practical program where the communication of laboratory
results in written format, as formal laboratory reports is required. Students learn how to
communicate results effectively in written and graphical format. The students are assessed on
their ability to communicate scientific data.
Initiative and innovative ability
This refers to the ability to think and work creatively, including the capacity for sef-
starting and the ability to apply science skill to unfamiliar applications. These are fostered
through the practical program. In this context, students have the opportunity to develop a
proactive and innovative approach to carry multiples tasks and to overcome synthetic
problems as they arise.
Awareness of the role of science in society
This refers to an awareness of the role of organic chemistry and organic compounds
within a global culture and willingness to contribute actively to the shaping both organic
chemistry and the views of community on complex issues where methods and finding of
organic chemistry are relevant. The fundamental importance of organic compounds in all
living organisms is highlighted in the subject. The relevance of organic chemistry to
medicine, to agriculture, to nutrition and to our shared life on this planet is emphasized.
Teaching and learning strategies
This subject involves six contact hours per week, namely lectures which have
integrated tutorials, and practical sessions. Over the semester, students will have:
12 x 2 hour and 12 x 1 hour lectures or lecture/tutorials.
10 x 3 hour laboratory practical sessions.
Lectures and practicals are closely integrated to help achieve the objectives of the
subject. Principles presented in lectures are reinforced by applications in the practical
experiments. Flexible learning and communication between staff and students outside class
time is encouraged, and facilitated by use of UTSOnline.



Content
Aromatic Chemistry
Structure and nomenclature of aromatic compounds. Electrophilic substitution and
effects of substituents. Transformation of substituents. Designing synthetic sequences for
poly-substituted benzene compounds, using retrosynthetic analysis. Review of important
syntheses of aromatic compounds including selectivity.
Heterocyclic Compounds
An introduction to the chemistry of aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Structure and
reactivity of 5-membered ring system (pyrrole, furan and thiophene), 6-membered ring
system (pyridine) and fused-ring heterocycles (quinoline, isoquinoline and indole).
Chemical Research Literacy
Chemical literature searching will be explored, with aim to allow students to learn
how to find, assess, retrieve, interpret and evaluate information in the chemical literature
(online and offline). SciFinder Scholar will be used for (i) subject searching and (ii) structure
searching.
Carbanion Reactions
Carbonyl a-substitution reactions and chemistry of enolate ions. Carbonyl
condensation reactions in terms of aldol, Claisen condensation and related reactions such as
Knoevenagel, Dieckmann cyclization and Perkin condensation. Carbonyl nucleophilic alkyl
substitutions, e.g. in acetoacetic ester and malonic ester syntheses. Nucleophilic addition of
?,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (e.g. Michael reaction, Stork Reaction and Robinson
annulation). Synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones, using Wittig reaction.
Pd-catalyzed CC bond forming reactions
Homogenous Pd-catalyzed reactions will be described in term of Heck reactions,
Stille reactions, Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, Sonogashira reactions. The applications of
these reactions for the synthesis of organic compounds will be discussed. Microwave assisted
Pd-catalyzed reactions will also be discussed.


Pericyclic Reactions
Pericyclic reactions in terms of cycloaddition reactions which include Diels-Alder
reactions will also be described together with their mechanisms using frontier molecular
orbital theory. 1,3-Dipolar [2+3] cycloaddition reactions and their applications in the Click
chemistry.
In addition the laboratory work includes:
Preparation of a local anesthetic, Lignocaine
Synthesis of a natural product, norlaudanosine
Synthesis of a bioactive compound, Flavonol
A Wittig reaction: Preparation of 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene
Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction
The Diels-Alder Reaction













Principles Of Forensic Science
Handbook description
This subject is designed to introduce the different disciplines, principles and concepts
peculiar to forensic science. It covers, in the forensic context, the following areas: history,
general definitions and concepts, sub-disciplines, methodology and methods, introduction to
crime scene, trace typology, function of the expert, legal system, judicial admissibility,
ethical considerations, and interpretation of forensic evidence. Lectures are complemented by
tutorials/workshops involving guest speakers. This is a core subject for the forensic science
courses and an elective for students in other related courses.
Subject objectives
Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to:
1. understand the principles and concepts peculiar to forensic science
2. appreciate the broadness and complexity of forensic science
3. understand the methods and methodology used in forensic science
4. have an understanding of the most common types of traces relevant to the area
5. have an understanding of the most important concepts of the legal system
6. understand the role of a forensic scientist
7. understand ethical considerations in relation to the forensic scientists task
8. understand the basic concepts of interpretation of forensic evidence.
This subject also contributes specifically to the development of following course
intended learning outcomes: An understanding of the nature, practice and application of the
chosen science discipline. (1.0)
Contribution to the development of graduate attributes
This subject provides the student with theoretical and practical material which is
essential for the course. Upon completion of this subject students should have acquired robust
foundations in forensic science, in particular the concepts, philosophy and methods
underlying the discipline of forensic science.
Teaching and learning strategies
26 x 2hr lectures including case studies and guest lectures
Content
Aims
History
General defnintions and concepts: physical evidence vs testimonial evidence, expert
evidence, Locards principle, selectivity vs. Specificity, identification vs. Individualisation,
discriminating power, etc.
Methodology and methods: stepwise progression from the general to the particular,
non destructive techniques, destructive techniques, etc.
Introduction to crime scene, protection, description, processing, detection, collection,
chain of custody, etc.
Basic concepts of forensic medicine
Trace typology: fingerprints, impression evidence, drugs, toxicology, serology, hairs
and fibres, fires and explosives, glass and soils, paints and coatings, questioned documents
Function of the expert
Legal system
Judicial admissibility: limitation of the methods, Frye, Daubert, etc.
Ethical consideration: code of conduct
Interpretation: strength of evidence, errors of reasoning, Bayesian framework,
examples, guidelines




Chemical Criminalistics
Handbook description
This subject complements the material covered in 65412 Physical Evidence by
presenting evidence types that require a high level of analytical skills. It covers forensic
analysis of glass, soil, paint, fibres, hairs and documents. Lectures are complemented by an
extensive practical program involving mock cases. At the end of this subject, students should
be able to select appropriate analytical procedures, analyse, interpret and write an expert
witness report describing the forensic analysis of the material covered in this subject and its
prerequisite subjects.
Subject objectives
Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to:
1. have an understanding of the most common types of traces relevant to the area
2. understand the methods and methodology used in sampling trace evidence
3. document trace evidence in a non-destructive way
4. make decisions on which procedures are relevant and discriminating in a
particular case
5. carry out a sequence of analytical procedures on trace evidence
6. interpret experimental results in a context suitable for an expert witness report
7. write an expert witness report.
This subject also contributes specifically to the development of following course
intended learning outcomes: An understanding of the nature, practice and application of the
chosen science discipline. (1.0); The ability to acquire, develop, employ and integrate a range
of technical, practical and professional skills, in appropriate and ethical ways within a
professional context, autonomously and collaboratively and across a range of disciplinary and
professional areas, e.g. time management skills, personal organisation skills, teamwork skills,
computing skills, laboratory skills, data handling, quantitative and graphical literacy skills.
(3.0); An understanding of the different forms of communication - writing, reading, speaking,
listening -, including visual and graphical, within science and beyond and the ability to apply
these appropriately and effectively for different audiences. (6.0)
Contribution to the development of graduate attributes
This subject introduces students to the concepts, philosophy and method underlying
the discipline of Forensic Science. It also makes the student aware of the differences and
similarities of the scientific approach versus the legal approach to problem solving.





















Crime Scene Investigation
Handbook description
This subject provides a sound teaching in crime scene investigation. It is designed to
introduce the different principles and concepts peculiar to a crime scene. It covers the
following areas: aims of the crime and related investigation; preservation, recording and
processing of a crime scene; preservation, search and collection of evidence; on-site
screening tests; scene reconstruction; examples of scenes (break-entry, homicide, sexual
assault, traffic and other accidents, fire, explosion, disaster); common types of evidence; ad-
hoc forms and software assisting crime science investigation. Lectures are complemented by
tutorials/workshops involving guest speakers.
Subject objectives
Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to:
1. apply principles and techniques seen in to the examination of physical
evidence at a crime scene.
2. develop a hypothesis about a crime scene based on available evidence, and be
able to modify that hypothesis as new evidence becomes available.
3. systematically examine a crime scene and locate the relevant evidence.
4. recognise the types of evidence at evidence available at a crime scene.
5. assess the relevance and significance of the types of evidence available at a
crime scene.
6. collect the relevant evidence at a crime scene without contamination or
destruction.
This subject also contributes specifically to the development of following course
intended learning outcomes: An understanding of the nature, practice and application of the
chosen science discipline. (1.0); Encompasses problem solving, critical thinking and analysis
attributes and an understanding of the scientific method knowledge acquisition. (2.0); The
ability to acquire, develop, employ and integrate a range of technical, practical and
professional skills, in appropriate and ethical ways within a professional context,
autonomously and collaboratively and across a range of disciplinary and professional areas,
e.g. time management skills, personal organisation skills, teamwork skills, computing skills,
laboratory skills, data handling, quantitative and graphical literacy skills. (3.0); The capacity
to engage in reflection and learning beyond formal educational contexts that is based on the
ability to make effective judgments about ones own work. The capacity to learn in and from
new disciplines to enhance the application of scientific knowledge and skills in professional
contexts. (4.0); An awareness of the role of science within a global culture and willingness to
contribute actively to the shaping of community views on complex issues where the methods
and findings of science are relevant. (5.0); An understanding of the different forms of
communication - writing, reading, speaking, listening -, including visual and graphical,
within science and beyond and the ability to apply these appropriately and effectively for
different audiences. (6.0); An ability to think and work creatively, including the capacity for
self-starting, and the ability to apply science skills to unfamiliar applications. (7.0)
Contribution to the development of graduate attributes
This subject is intended to develop the following graduate attributes:
1) Disciplinary knowledge and its appropriate application.
1.1 A working knowledge of forensic science practice, collection of traces and
integration of the derived information with the legal system is learned through lectures and
the practical sessions, and assessed in the practical sessions and in the final exam.
1.2 The forensic investigative process of crime scene analysis and interpretation is
developed through practical exercises and assessed in the practical sessions and in the
practical examination.
2) An enquiry-oriented approach.
2.1 Investigative and problem-solving skills are developed through the case scenarios
presented during the practical sessions.r
2.2 The Scientific Method is taught through the practical sessions, where students are
required to develop a hypothesis and then test that hypothesis using the techniques of crime
scene searching and documentation.
2.3 An understanding of modern forensic science is developed through theoretical
knowledge in the lectures, and guided practical experience in the practical sessions. The level
of understanding is assessed through both the final examination and the practical sessions.
3) Professional skills and their appropriate application.
3.1 Students are assisted through the practical sessions to learn to ask the right
questions on the basis of context. This process is assessed via practical notes in the practical
sessions and in the practical examination.
3.2 Students are provided the opportunity to collect and report forensic traces using
scientific instrumentation and procedures that translate directly to professional practice.
Students are also taught the theory of scientific instrumentation relevant to crime scene
investigation. These procedures are assessed in the practical sessions and in the practical
examination, while the theoretical basis is assessed in the final examination.
3.5 The student's ability to work both independently and as part of a team is
developed through the practical sessions. Teamwork and individual efficiency in a crime
scene is assessed in the practical examination.
3.6 Students will learn to collect and validate the results of crime scene analysis
through the practical sessions. This process is assessed in the practical sessions and in the
practical examination.
4) The ability to be a lifelong learner.
4.4 Collaborative peer learning is a major goal and activity of the practical sessions,
where teams of students are required to co-operatively search and process a crime scene.
5) Engagement with society.
5.3 An understanding of appropriate workplace health and safety practices is fostered
through the practical sessions. Students are assessed in the practical examination on their
ability to identify both personal safety requirements and that of others during the process of
crime scene investigation.
6) Communication skills.
6.1 Students learn various methods of documenting and communicating crime scene
observations in the lectures. These skills are assessed through both the practical exercises and
the final examination.
6.2 Students will further develop effective written communication skills in the
practical sessions, beyond the levels introduced in 65241 Principles of Forensic Science.
These skills are assessed in the practical sessions and in the final examination.
6.3 Students will develop their reasoning ability by working through the scenarios
presented in the practical sessions. Students present their results in contemporaneous notes,
and assessed on their observations and conclusions.
7) Initiative and innovative ability.
7.2 Analysis of complex or difficult forensic evidence is taught through the practical
sessions. The students are presented with latent or trace evidence, and assessed on their
ability to systematically identify, document and retrieve the evidence.
7.3 The application of various reasoning skills that are used to recognise pertinent
information at a crime scene is taught in the lectures and assessed in the final examination.
Students are also assessed in the practical sessions on their ability to identify hypotheses at a
crime scene.
Teaching and learning strategies
13 x 2 h lectures
8 x 3 h practical sessions
Content
Introduction.
Transfer evidence.
Pattern evidence.
Overview of the crime scene.
Protecting the scene.
Intervention at the scene.
Safety. Access control.
Witness/suspect control.
Preservation of evidence.
Cadaver management.
Documenting the crime scene.
Note taking.
Introduction to digital imaging.
Avoiding distortions on
photography.
Crime scene photography.
Crime scene sketching.
Crime scene videos.
Processing the crime scene.
Details to be observed.
Searching.
Field tests and enhancement
reagents.
Search materials.
Collection of evidence.
Labelling.
Chain of Custody.
Types of evidence.
Priority of evidence.
Biological evidence.
Trace evidence.
Macro evidence.
Fingerprints.
Powdering.
Fuming.
Sprays for fingerprints.
Photography.
Gel lifters for fingerprints.
Footwear impressions.
Types of impressions.
Visible 2-D impressions.
Latent impressions.
Visible 3-D impressions.
Laboratory work including:

Documenting the scene
Introduction to digital imaging,
avoiding distortions
Processing the scene; types of
evidence
2-Dimensional footwear
impressions
3-Dimensional footwear
impressions
Fingerprints
Complex scenes; multiple evidence
types






Forensic Toxicology
Handbook description
This subject examines the underpinning science of drugs and poisons relevant to
matters that arise in judicial proceedings that is forensic toxicology. The lecture
component covers general pharmacology and toxicology. Topics covered include
mechanisms of action, the absorption, distribution metabolism and elimination of drugs and
poisons from the body as well as the signs and symptoms associated with the use of common
drugs and poisons. The subject also provides an overview of state and federal laws relevant to
licit and illicit drugs and poisons. The practical component is designed to reinforce topics
covered in lectures and seeks to give student experience in solving problems associated with
the analysis of a wide range of matrics including human tissues and various biological fluids.
The subject also includes workshops and tutorials on the interpretation of the meaning of
analytical results.
Subject objectives
Upon successful completion of this subject students should be able to:
1. Understand the scope of forensic toxicology, its origins and current practice
2. Gain knowledge on legislation controlling the use of poisons and drugs
3. Understand pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of toxins
4. Gain knowledge on specific types of drugs and poisons, their toxicity and risk
assessment
5. Conduct analysis following laboratory procedurals and data analysis in
forensic toxicology
6. Appreciate the importance of result interpretation and legal implication
7. Application of forensic toxicology to case studies
8. Gain skills on working in a team and formal recording of progress
9. Develop literature search skills and scientific paper writing skills
This subject also contributes specifically to the development of following course
intended learning outcomes: An understanding of the nature, practice and application of the
chosen science discipline. (1.0); The ability to acquire, develop, employ and integrate a range
of technical, practical and professional skills, in appropriate and ethical ways within a
professional context, autonomously and collaboratively and across a range of disciplinary and
professional areas, e.g. time management skills, personal organisation skills, teamwork skills,
computing skills, laboratory skills, data handling, quantitative and graphical literacy skills.
(3.0); An understanding of the different forms of communication - writing, reading, speaking,
listening -, including visual and graphical, within science and beyond and the ability to apply
these appropriately and effectively for different audiences. (6.0)
Contribution to the development of graduate attributes
The Faculty of Science has determined that our courses will aim to develop the
following attributes in students at the completion of their course of study. Each subject will
contribute to the development of these attributes in ways appropriate to the subject and the
stage of progression, thus not all attributes are expected to be addressed in all subjects.
Disciplinary knowledge and its appropriate application
An enquiry-oriented approach
Professional skills and their appropriate application
The ability to be a lifelong learner
Engagement with the needs of society
Communication skills
Initiative and innovative ability

The subject aims to introduce students with the fundamentals of forensic toxicology.
Both theoretical and practical materials which consolidate knowledge taught in the lecture are
provided to develop students disciplinary knowledge and its appropriate application.
Practical classes are constructed to cover some core areas of the subject in an effort to
develop their professional skills and to enable students to acquire an enquiry-oriented
approach in their learning. Excursions to toxicology laboratories aim to engage students with
the needs of society and to add their understanding of the current scope and practice in the
field of forensic toxicology. Their communication skills are developed by writing practical
reports, participating in group discussion and presentation, and completing mid-term
assignments.
Content
Lectures:
Relevant laws, legislations and metrological standards in forensic toxicology
Review of biochemical molecules and processes important to sustain life
Review of the central nervous system, the chemistry of nerve transmission
Absorption, distribution metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics
Mechanism of drug action, concepts of agonists, antagonists
Systematic approach in analytical toxicology
Postmortem toxicology including sampling
Interpretation of analytical results
Laboratory practicals
Identification of unknown tablets
Cyanide detection in cyanogenic food products
Detection of opiates in biological matrices