PROBLEM 13.

93
K

NOWN: Ice rink with prescribed ice, rink air, wall, ceiling and outdoor air conditions.
FIND: (a) Temperature of the ceiling, T
c
, having an emissivity of 0.05 (highly reflective panels) or
0.94 (painted panels); determine whether condensation will occur for either or both ceiling panel types
if the relative humidity of the rink air is 70%, and (b) Calculate and plot the ceiling temperature as a
function of ceiling insulation thickness for 0.1 t 1 m, identify conditions for which condensation
ill occur on the ceiling. w

SCHEMATIC:



ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Rink comprised of the ice, walls and ceiling approximates a three-surface,
diffuse-gray enclosure, (2) Surfaces have uniform radiosities, (3) Ice surface and walls are black, (4)
Panels are diffuse-gray, and (5) Thermal resistance for convection on the outdoor side of the ceiling is
egligible compared to the conduction thermal resistance of the ceiling insulation. n

PROPERTIES: Psychrometric chart (Atmospheric pressure; dry bulb temperature, T
db
=T
,i
=
5C; relative humidity, RH =70%): Dew point temperature, T 1

dp
=9.4C.
ANALYSIS: The energy balance on the ceiling illustrated in the schematic below has the form


E E
in out
= 0
(1) = q q q
o conv,c rad,c
0
where the rate equations for each process are
(2,3)
( )
o c ,o cond cond c
q T T / R R t/ kA

= =
(4) q h A T T
conv,c c c ,i
=

d i
(5) q E T A A F E T A F E T
rad,c b c c w wc b w i ic b i
= b g b g b g
The blackbody emissive powers are E
b
= T
4
where =5.67 10
-8
W/m
2
K
4
. Since the ceiling
panels are diffuse-gray, =. The view factors required of Eq. (5): determine F
ic
(ice to ceiling)
from Table 13.2 (Fig. 13.5) for parallel, coaxial disks
F
ic
= 0672 .
and F
wc
(wall to ceiling) from the summation rule on the ice (i) and the reciprocity rule,
F F F F (symmetry)
ic iw iw cw
+ = = 1
F F
cw ic
= 1
F A A F A A 1 F
wc c w cw c w ic
= = / / b g b g b g 0410 = .
Continued ..
Excerpts fromthis work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in
courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
PROBLEM 13.93 (Cont.)
where A
c
= D
2
/4 and A
w
= DL.

Using the foregoing energy balance, Eq. (1), and the rate equations, Eqs. (2-5), the ceiling temperature
s calculated using radiative properties for the two panel types, i

Ceiling panel T
c
(C)

Reflective 0.05 14.0
Paint 0.94 8.6 T
c
<T
dp <

Condensation will occur on the painted panel since T
c
<T
dp
.



(b) The equations required of the analysis above were solved using IHT. The analysis is extended to
calculate the ceiling temperatures for a range of insulation thickness and the results plotted below.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Ceiling insulation thickness, t (m)
5
10
15
C
e
i
l
i
n
g

t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
,

T
c

(
C
)
Painted ceiling, epsc =0.94
Reflective panel, epsc =0.05


For the reflective panel ( =0.05), the ceiling surface temperature is considerably above the dew point.
Therefore, condensation will not occur for the range of insulation thickness shown. For the painted
panel ( =0.94), the ceiling surface temperature is always below the dew point. We expect
ondensation to occur for the range of insulation thickness shown. c

COMMENTS: From the analysis, recognize that the radiative exchange between the ice and the
ceiling is the dominant process for influencing the ceiling temperature. With the reflective panel, the
rate is reduced nearly 20 times that with the painted panel. With the painted panel ceiling, for most of
the conditions likely to exist in the rink, condensation will occur.
Excerpts fromthis work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in
courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.