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STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG


THIRD YEAR NURSING STUDENTS

A Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Nursing
Liceo de Cagayan University

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor in Science in Nursing
by
Kimberly Ann G. Dolero
Aiza Mae B. Fernando
Charmaine T. Gallano
Maria Elaine Angelica Ghan
Aryan F. Mabelin
Krysslyn C. Navarro



July 2014
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ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the types of stress experienced by 3
rd
year nursing
students and to find out their preferred stress management in dealing with the different
day to day hassles and problems that they experience being a nursing student. This
study was anchored by the theory of Hans Selye which is about the General Adaptation
Syndrome and for the Stress Management that they commonly utilize; the 12 S of the
Department of Health is reinforced. Qualitative type of research was used and
questionnaires to gather data. A total of 30 students were the respondents of the study.
Stress in students are classified according to academics, financial, interpersonal and
intrapersonal and based on the results, it has been noted that problems in academics
greatly poses much higher risk of stress among students. Stress management that
students commonly use are sounds and songs, social, smile, spirituality and others. The
entire data and analysis showed that students have problems in their academics and
have inappropriate stress management because they dont practice time management
and good study habits thats why they tend to have problems in their academics
especially 3
rd
year Nursing students since they have their Major subjects doubled and
this level is said to be the waterloo of Nursing.

KEYWORDS: Stress, Management, Third Year, Nursing Students







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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH DESIGN
INTRODUCTION
Stress is inevitable and is evident nowadays. It is a state produced by a change
in environment perceived as challenging, threatening or damaging to a persons
balance and equilibrium (Lippincott, 2008).Stress is experienced by everyone everyday
and one must adapt in order to overcome it in every circumstance. It is any change that
one must adapt to, ranging from the negative extreme of actual physical danger to
exhilaration of falling in love or achieving some long desired success (Public Health
Nursing in the Philippines, 2006).
Lazarus and Folkman (1984) defined stress as a whole spectrum of factors
(stimulus, response, cognitive appraisal of threat, coping styles, psychological defenses
and the social mileu) and by that, we experience stress all the time and there is no
question about that.
It's a well known fact by now that stress isn't good for the body. While the
argument can be made that some stress is healthy in motivating us and adding the
needed pressure to get things done, there is no arguing the fact that stress has a
negative impact on the body (Theories Behind Stress, online)
Being stressed then also affects our health. We may not have a disease but as
stress worsens and stays in us for a long period of time it might lead to an illness and
worsens if not managed and that alone proves that stress is not a unique problem to the
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21st Century and up to now. According to Selye, human kind has suffered stress
starting from the dawn of human evolution and up to now (1976).
College stress is an even a more complex problem. Students in college have
experienced stress all their school and day to day life. To students currently attending
college, tons of requirements, activities, other problems and conflicts makes all of them
stressful and tends to frustrate them conversely. Stress is one of the factors that
influence students in their performance at school or in their day to day experiences
(Sawatzky 1998). Even in professionals and normal people, stress is felt. But in the
contrary, we all can have the ability to combat stress.
Stress management are popping everywhere and we are not all blinded by that.
Hence, there are tendencies that we dont know how to use and utilize it.
As nursing students, we can say that we had encountered stress always
especially on our routine day to day schooling and add it up with other additional
problems coming our way. With the difficult lectures and tiring duty days, it has been
always our complain that we are stressed and thats because of all those activities that
our course demands on us.
Nursing is a demanding course and by that, due to our curiosity, we had come up
to a study that explains really the types of stress experienced by junior years in college,
because in some instances, and as what we have observed, many had flunked their
subjects and had really difficulties when it comes to catching up with lectures especially
on major ones.
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This study aimed to determine the different stress experienced by third year
students only and what is the underlying reason why some of them failed their major
subjects or had poor performance in class or had incurred many extensions. And also,
we had this study to know the preferred stress management of Nursing students and
how it plays a great role in relieving their stress.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The study focused on the theory of Hans Selye about stress. Selye initially
proposed a triadic model as the basis for the stress-response pattern. Selye viewed
stress as the common factor of all adaptive reactions in the body and complete freedom
from stress as death (Selye, 1974).
Selye (1976) labeled GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome), because agents are
produced by having a general effect on portions of the body and adapts mostly on
mechanisms that is stimulated and rely on manifestations that are dependent to each
other.
The stressors then that college students experience nowadays really cause
anxiety and depression on them, instead stress results from the interaction between
stressors and the individuals perception and reaction to those stressors ( Romano,
1992).
According to a journal about Stress in College, college workload is involved than
in high school and being in college, parents and teachers are in less control with them.
With challenging classes, busy schedules, difficult exams and scholarly college
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demands, many students may it be new or returnees find themselves studying at long
tiring sleepless nights.
But when there is stress, management is then the counterpart. Since all of us
have a unique response to stress, different kinds of solutions are used to manage it. If
we cant avoid it, we can still manage it though, but it is not applicable to everyone in
every circumstance so experimentation is needed with various strategies and
techniques. We must focus on something that makes us calm and in control (Stress
Management, online)
Many stress management techniques popped everywhere and its up to all of us
on what stress management fits all of us. An example would be the program of the DOH
which is about the 12 S. It talks about the 12 Stress management techniques in order to
lessen stress among individuals.
According to the book entitled Public Health Nursing in the Philippines
(Cuevas,2006), stress management is a largely learnable skill. Everybody can learn to
effectively handle stress even when pressures persist. The following are then the stress
management techniques that can be used to manage stress. First would be spirituality
wherein it signifies the meaning of mans relationship with God. Meditation is in relation
with spirituality because it relaxes the mind and spirit. Next is Self-awareness which
means getting to know more ones self and being vigilant to ones feeling. Scheduling
or time management refers to managing time in a way that getting things done is made
through a stipulated time frame to achieve desired results. Siesta comes next wherein it
relaxes and the mind and body muscles. Stretching also is a form of relaxing the
muscles and it improves health as well. Sensation Techniques relieve stress by
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soothing away stress and freeing tensed muscles from a stressful and tiring day while
sports, gives the body the exercise the body needs and socials, enables an individual to
boost confidence and develop skills when it comes to mingling with other people.
Sounds and songs provide expression of thoughts and feelings among teenagers
through listening. Speak to me is designed to form a mutual support system to verbalize
feelings in a more clear way through speaking to release emotions. Stress debriefing is
evident on persons who have experienced accidents or trauma that needs counselling.
And lastly is smile, which is an expression of pleasure and gratitude.
All of these are the programs of the government and it aims to lessen stress may
it be physically, psychologically and some may be behavioural. And by that we can say
that stress in the overall is being presented to intertwine every single detail that it is
causing exhaustion to students. Appropriate management is needed and it all depends
on us on what management are we going to use.







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Research Flow








Figure 1. A Schematic Diagram showing the relationship of Stress Experienced by 3
rd

Year Nursing Students in relation to their preferred Stress Management








Stress experienced by 3
rd
Year Nursing
Students

Preferred Stress Management
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study aimed to (1) determine the types of stress experienced by third year
nursing students and to (2) determine their preferred stress management.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following persons will benefit from the findings of this study:
NURSING STUDENTS. The results of this study will help them to be aware of
stress and to help them manage it in their lives as students.
PARENTS OF NURSING STUDENTS. The findings of the study will enable the
parents to understand the different changes that they observe in their sons and
daughters due to the different demands of the course yielding stressful events in the
lives of their children. This will also equip them with alleviating factors on how to lessen
the stressful feelings that their children is experiencing.
DEAN, LEVEL COORDINATORS AND FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF
NURSING. The results of the study would provide additional information to further
reinforce students and also his/her constituents on how to deal with stress of students
and provide management utilizing the programs of the government. Moreover, the
results will provide interventions to students on how to up with stress and find ways on
how to handle them especially those who have failing grades in their major subjects or
those who have family and other problems.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. The findings and conclusions that will be taken from
this study would later on serve as a basis for future researchers on how to further
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manage stress felt by nursing students especially on their junior years or not only for
them but for other year level as well.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study focused more on 3
rd
Year Nursing students since they have the most
busy schedule in all of the year levels of the College of Nursing and majority of the
students failed the major subjects they are taking. The study is limited to 3
rd
Year
Nursing students who had taken both their lecture and RLE.
Nursing students of Liceo de Cagayan University who are officially enrolled in the
2
nd
semester of the School Year 2013-2014 are the focus on this study. Regarding the
type of stress they experienced, their input is then interpreted into 4 categories which is
interpersonal, intrapersonal, financial and academic stress. Then for the stress
management, the scope is the 12 S of DOH and some additional stress management is
only optional for them to answer.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To provide reference and for better understanding of the words used in this
study, they are defined to mean as follows:
Stress is a specific response by the body to a stimulus, as fear or pain, that disturbs or
interferes with the normal physiological equilibrium of an organism.
Academics , the scholarly activities of a school or university as classroom studies or
research project more emphasis on academics and less on athletics.
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Interpersonal Relationship is the relationship between individuals.
Spirituality is a state or quality of being spiritual. It is strong faith and belief to one God
or any spiritual symbol.
Self-awareness means knowing self more and being sensitive to the inner self and its
relationship to others.
Scheduling or time management refers to managing time in a way that getting things
done is made through a stipulated time frame to achieve desired results
Siesta relaxes the mind and body muscles by taking a short nap or break toincrease
productivity.
Stretching are body movements that relaxes muscles and improves blood circulation. It
can be done anytime that requires no equipment.
Sensation Techniques is the use of touch to communicate with others in order to
alleviate pain or transfer positive aura to provide comfort.
Sports enables the muscles in the body to work and encourages camaraderie and
participation on activities that may both benefit the health and well-being of a person. It
also gives the body the exercise it badly needs.
Socials enables a person to mingle with others company or to develop interpersonal
relationship.
Sounds and Songs provide expression of thoughts and feelings through listening.
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Speak to me is designed to form a mutual support system to verbalize feelings in a
more clear way through speaking to release emotions
Stress Debriefing Stress debriefing is evident on persons who have experienced
accidents or trauma that needs counselling.
Smile is an expression of pleasure and gratitude.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter discusses some relevant literature and studies on the different
stress experienced by nursing students. The studies from various nations supplements
new insights regarding the study and will serve as a guide and framework of the study.
Foreign Literature
Suzanne C. Kobasa et al. (1985) believed that stressful events fire up challenges
in life and hardiness serves as a buffer system. This theory, serves as a perceptive
buffer and adds a third element in the stimulus-response.
Greenberg (2008) explained that in order to avoid stress, social support theory is
needed to provide a perceptive buffer that can turn available support systems to
resources that can be used to fill-in gaps.

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J.C. Overholser, W.H. Norman and I.W. Miller (1990) perceived that stress are
results of inability of the person to dissolve the threat of stressors and it is due to lack of
social support systems and resources.
Melluci (2004) cited that psychosomatic illness is also a result of stress. It is
brought about by psychological and emotional distress that cause a feeling of unusuality
and problem in the normal functioning of the body. Furthermore, stress can lead to poor
coping mechanisms such as alcohol or drug use, lack of care for oneself or one's
health, poor exercising routines, and poor nutrition.
According to Lazarus and Folkman, (1984), stress will depend upon the
person's personality, beliefs and general experience. A person who is seriously ill and
has no clear information might draw hope from this ambiguity, believing that they will get
well..
Foreign Studies
The (American Institute of Stress, online) listed staggering 50 symptoms of
stress. Some of these include frequent headaches, teeth grinding, heartburn or other
stomach problems, insomnia, nightmares, depression, mood swings, social withdrawal,
irritability, diarrhea or constipation, frequent illness or infection, feelings of being
overloaded and overwhelmed, and at worst suicidal thoughts. In all, stress impacts the
brain, digestive track, lungs, heart, mouth (dryness and ulcers), hair (hair loss), muscles
(various pains, tics, and twitches), reproductive organs, and the skin.
Rahe (2000) had a reliability testing done in 1970 to predict illness using a stress
scale. The scale was given to 2,500 US sailors and they were asked on their previous
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six months life events. Results showed that life events are related to development of
stress.
Stress management is effective for preventing behaviours such as smoking,
unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyle choices to name a few-, behaviours that
serve as risk factors for the majority of the disease and disorders. Non-
pharmacological and pharmacological stress management are emphasized, but as
Nursing students, non-pharmacological stress management is encouraged.(Health
Science Journal, 2011).
A study on college students who are stressed showed a positive relationship
between study conditions and mental stress. Other precipitating factors may occur but
the most dominant factor is about the mental stressed experienced by students rather
than the other types of stress that they encounter. (Hong Ji and Lei Zhang, 2011).
According to a study of ( Deary and Hogston, 2003) that was done to investigate
the perception and sources of stress, coping mechanisms used, and self-esteem in
nursing students in their undergraduate nursing program for 3 years, four main
stressors were determined and these are nursing studies, finance, family and health
problems. Based on the results, there is a need to evaluate the impact of stress among
students and review the curriculum together with introduction of new strategies in
coping.
With regard to academic stress, the most frequent stressor is the increased class
workload while on environmental stressor, waiting in long lines and being placed in
unfamiliar situations poses much stress.

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The study falls under descriptive qualitative research design, which
involves describing the characteristics of a particular individual or group in completing
this study. Primary source of data is referred for the study with the use of
questionnaires. Sources came from persons, personally contracted for the relevant
information. The study will be conducted by the permission and approval of our class
instructor, the Dean of the College of Nursing and the year level coordinator. The data
collected is analyzed and interpreted.
RESEARCH SETTING
The study was conducted at Liceo de Cagayan University. It was founded in
1955 and has its main campus in Kauswagan Road, Cagayan de Oro City. The
University is one of the fast growing and renowned institution in the city. The University
is became the first and only higher education institution in Mindanao that passed the
Institutional Quality Assurance through Monitoring and Evaluation (IQUAME) as
Category A in teaching. CHED had also granted the University an Autonomous Status
which was based on the three major criteria. Under Category A by the CHED is
classified as a mature teaching institution. Mr Ferdinand Gil G. Calang, the University
Quality Assurance Officer has stated that Autonomous Status attest that the University
delivers quality education.
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RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE
The proposed respondents in this study were the selected 3rd year nursing
students. Purposive sampling was being done among 30 female and male students who
were stressed. Only those who are stressed students were selected. The 30 students
were screened using the stress tool which gave a result of moderately stressed.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The study used a researcher made questionnaire as the instrument of data
collection. The first part of the questionnaire was all about the type of stress
experienced by the students and they free to write what they want and what they
perceived as stressful to them.
The second part elicits their preferred stress management coming from the 12 S
of the DOH. They are going to rank the top 5 stress management they commonly use.
But before giving the questionnaire, we had first screened them to determine if
they are really stressed and it yielded a result that all of the respondents that we had
screened are stressed.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
To start the data gathering, a written letter addressed to the Dean of the College
of Nursing was made for her approval on the said study. Upon approval a stress tool
was given to determine if they are stressed. When the tool was interpreted, those who
have experienced stress were asked to sign the consent form and the actual
questionnaire was then given. On the 1
st
question regarding the types of stress, the
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respondents were asked why they have chosen it as type of stress and on the second
question, the researchers explained each sensation technique and they are asked to
rank their 1
st
to 5
th
stress management.
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
The following statistical tools were used in the analysis of the data:
The frequency and percentage were used in both types of stress experienced by
3
rd
year nursing students and the preferred stress management and they are ranked
according to what it commonly preferred to use by the students.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Problem 1: Types of stress experienced by Nursing Students
Table 1 shows that among 45 combined results of the types of stress
experienced by 3
rd
Year Nursing students, 17 responses or 38% reflected that they are
stressed regarding their academics, 12 responses or 27% on interpersonal, 9
responses or 20% on intrapersonal and 7 responses or 15% on financial stress. This
means that academic workload, requirements, quizzes, term exams and other paper
works requires great demand and time on nursing students. While financial problems
yielded the least results which signifies that money problems can still be easily resolved.
A study conducted on college students in China discovered that there is a
relationship and correlation between study conditions and mental stress (Hong Ji and
Lei Zhang ,2011). This supports the notion that academic stress is really the topmost
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stressor that students experience. This reveals that students really had a notion that
things done inside the classroom makes them stressed especially when quizzes and
term exams take place. They have difficulties in compensating with the lapses they had
and then the burden in them doubles when they yielded low grades.

Table 1.
Objective 1: Types of Stress experienced by 3
rd
Year Nursing Students
TYPES OF STRESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Academic

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Financiall
17

12

9

7
38 %

27%

20%

15%
TOTAL 45 100%

Problem No. 2: Preferred stress management
As shown in Table 2 , the top 5 stress management used by students according
to rank are Sounds and Songs as the first, followed by Socials, Smile, Siesta and
Spirituality. The least used stress management technique is stress debriefing.
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On a study of Salamon E, Bernstein SR, Kim SA, Kim M and Stefano GB(2003),
which is about The effects of auditory perception and musical preference on anxiety in
naive human subjects, mainly on students, they had a result that there is a decrease in
anxiety in the subjects whenever they hear their preferred genre of music as evidenced
by decrease in their blood pressure and they appear to be more relaxed. They said that
there is a strong relationship on reduction of stress with the music they hear and by that
stress and anxiety is reduced.
In addition, this confirms with the study of Cuevas (2006) that sounds and songs
are more common among teenagers because it provides expression of thoughts and
emotions through listening. And by that, it is of great evidence that this stress
management is more popular in our respondents.
Furthermore, Socials, Smile, Siesta and Spirituality also are significant also on
students because by this, they divert their attention and they somewhat forget their
stressful experiences at school or at duty. On the other hand, stress debriefing is most
significant especially only to those who had experienced calamities or accidents that are
difficult to erase and really needs psychological help thats why that is the least
preferred stress management.
Table 2.
Preferred Stress Management
12 S OF THE DOH FREQUENCY RANK
1. Spirituality 12 5
th

2. Self- Awareness 4 10
th

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3. Scheduling 6 8
th

4. Siesta 16 4
th

5. Stretching 3 11
th

6. Sensation technique 4 9
th

7. Sports 8 6
th

8. Social 19 2
nd

9. Sounds and Songs 21 1
st

10. Speak to Me 7 7
th

11. Stress Debriefing 3 12
th

12. Smile 18 3
rd


FINDINGS
The following findings surfaced in the course of the investigation and the results:
1. The 3
rd
year students of the College of Nursing are stressed when it comes to
their academic concerns. They are so pre-occupied in completing their requirements,
quizzes, term exams, lectures and their loaded subjects wherein majority of it are major
ones such as Medical Surgical Nursing and Psychiatric Nursing.
2. Most of the respondents preferred listening to music or sounds and songs.
They also preferred socials wherein they like to socialize with other people and enjoy
new company. Smiling is their way of showing positive reinforcement while Siesta or
taking naps at break time energizes them even for a short period of time. Also, praying
or talking to God through Spirituality gives them hope and wisdom to continue their
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stressful day with guidance from the Lord. While stress debriefing is of the least priority
stress management because they are aloof or they are not that used to talking on
guidance counsellors regarding their problems. And they perceive stress debriefing as
only to those who had experienced calamity or to those who experienced emotional
breakdown.













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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter recapitulates the salient features as well as the revealed findings of
this study. This also includes the conclusions made by the researchers based on the
findings as well. Recommendations to reinforce the data are presented.
SUMMARY
Utilizing the descriptive research design, this study intended to determine the
different types of stress experienced by 3
rd
year Nursing students. The stresses
included were academic, interpersonal, financial and intrapersonal. The respondents of
the study are purposively selected after they have undergone the screening to
determine if they are stressed and that yielded a result that they are moderately
stressed. A total of 3o students were chosen who are officially enrolled in the Nursing
program of Liceo de Cagayan University.
The main instrument that is used to gather data from the respondents is a
researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire has two parts. The first part seeks to
know the different types of stress experienced by 3
rd
year Nursing students while the
second part is all about their preferred stress management coming from the 12 S of the
DOH.



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CONCLUSION
We conclude that 3
rd
year nursing students are stressed in all aspects of their
student life and they are able to compensate and fight back stress with appropriate
stress management techniques with further and thorough reinforcement.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings and conclusions, the researchers would like to recommend the
following:
1. Further evaluation of the performance of their students when it comes to their
grades by term for the students to know their standing in class and take
measures on how to improve their grades. Also, a regular talk with students
regarding proper stress management especially time management, scheduling
and proper study habits.
2. While on duty, clinical instructors should schedule ahead of time activities and
follow the agreed schedule unless important and emergency matters might
occur.
3. Regular session with the school guidance counselor is recommended to students
who have failing marks on Major subjects for them to be given proper advice and
guidance.
4. Before a new topic is to be discussed in classroom setting, one song should be
played or the instructors may utilize the top 5 stress management techniques.
5. For the future researchers, when they use the 12 S of the DOH, they must define
what is stress debriefing and give examples.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Books
Greenberg, J.S. (2008). Comprehensive Stress Management, 10th ed. NY:
McGraw-Hill.
Melucci, N. (2004). Psychology.Barron's Educational Series, Hauppauge, NY.
Rahe RH et al. (2000). The stress and coping inventory: an educational and
research instrument. Stress Medicine 16: 199-208.

Selye, H. (1976). The stress of life (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Smeltzer (2008) Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing.pp. 92-99

Sawatzky, J.A.V. (1998) Understanding nursing students' stress: a proposed
framework. Nurse Education Today, 18 (2), 108115.

Cuevas(2006).Public Health Nursing in the Philippines, pp
B. Journals
College Student Journal; Jun99, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p312,6p, 1 chart
Health Science Journal, Stress Management Techniques: evidence-based
procedures that reduce stress and promote health, VOLUME 5, ISSUE
2 (2011)
25

Romano, J. L (1992).Psychoeducational interventions for stress management
and well-being. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 199-321.
Internet Sources
Theories Behind Stress.(http://voices.yahoo.com/the-theories-behind-stress-
physiological-effects-397474.html).
Hong Ji and Lei Zhang (2011)Research on College Students Stresses and
Coping Strategies, Vol. 7, No. 10. Retrieved on March 14, 2014 on
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n10p30.
Deary, I. J., Watson, R., &Hogston, R. (2003).A longitudinal cohort study of
burnout and attrition in nursing students. Journal of advanced
nursing, 43(1), 71- 81. Retrieved on March 7, 2014 on
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.02251.x/full
PulidoMartos, M., AugustoLanda, J. M., & LopezZafra, E. (2012). Sources of
stress in nursing students: a systematic review of quantitative
studies.International Nursing Review, 59(1), 15-25. Retrieved on March 7,
2104 onhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1466-
7657.2011.00939.x/full
Salamon, E., Bernstein, S. R., Kim, S. A., Kim, M., & Stefano, G. B. (2003). The
effects of auditory perception and musical preference on anxiety in naive
human subjects. Retrieved on July 3, 2014 on
http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/12960929
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http://www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_management_relief_coping.htm)
http.//www.essenceofstressrelief.com/general-adaptation-syndrome.html
http.//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7475329
http//www.garysturt.free-online.co.uk/theostre.html
http://faculty.weber.edu/molpin/healthclasses/1110/bookchapters/selfassessment
chapter.htm
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APPENDICE A
LETTER OF CONSENT TO STUDY
January 8, 2013
Dear respondents,
Good day!
We, the students of Liceo de Cagayan University would like to conduct a survey
regarding Stress Management of students on how they manage stress.
We will observe confidentiality on the information we have gathered.
Hoping for your kind consideration and support regarding this matter.
Sincerely yours,
Kimberly Ann Dolero
Aiza Mae B. Fernando
Charmaine Gallano
Ma. Elaine Angelica Ghan
Aryan F Mabelin
Krysslyn Navarro


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APPENDICE B
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of Respondent (optional) ________________________________ Age:______________
Gender:_____________ Date:_____________

1. What are the different types of stresses that you experienced as 3
rd
Year Nursing student? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Among the preferred 12 Stress Management Techniques of DOH, rank from 1-5 the preferred
stress management; 1 as the top most stress management and 5 as the least stress
management technique used and why have you chosen that stress management technique.
____Spirituality Why?___________________________________________
____Self Awareness Why?___________________________________________
____Scheduling Why?___________________________________________
____Siesta Why?___________________________________________
____Stretching Why?___________________________________________
____Sensation techniques Why?___________________________________________
____Sports Why?___________________________________________
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____Socials Why?___________________________________________
____Sounds and songs Why?___________________________________________
____Speak to me Why?___________________________________________
____Stress debriefing Why?___________________________________________
____Smile Why?___________________________________________

Others: _________________________
_________________________
Why? _______________________________________________________



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APPENDICE C
GENDER AGE STRESS
EXPERIENCED
REASON STRESS
MANAGEMENT
TECHNIQUE
Female 20 Academics Full of
requirements and
difficult Major
Subjects
Siesta
Sensation technique
Sports
Sounds and songs
and Speak to me
Female 20 Academics,
Intrapersonal
Lots of
requirements and
sleepless nights
because of
complying
requirements
Socials
Self- awareness
Sounds and songs
Smile
Spirituality
Female 21 intrapersonal Sleepless nights
and failing grades
Sounds and Songs
Spirituality
Scheduling
Socials
Smile
Female 23 Interpersonal,
Intrapersonal
Family problems,
personal issues
with self and
class and duty
requirements
Siesta
Stretching
Socials
Sounds and Songs
Smile
Female 22 Academics,
Intrapersonal
Conflict of
schedule
because of
loaded subjects,
full of
requirements and
no time
management
Scheduling
Sounds and Songs
Socials
Smile
Other: Playing Piano
Female 23 Academic,
Interpersonal
Failed Major
Subjects,
exposure at the
hospital with
many
requirements,
failure to prepare
on major exams
and quizzes,
strict clinical
instructor
Spirituality
Scheduling
Sports
Sounds and Songs
Social
Female 20 Intrapersonal Emotions and Socials
31

tons of
requirements
Sounds and Songs
Spirituality
Sports
Siesta
Female 21 Intrapersonal Requirements
and sleepless
nights
Sounds and Songs
Smile
Spirituality
Speak to Me
Sensation Technique
Male 20 Financial,
Intrapersonal
Financial
problems,
requirements and
hospital duty
Siesta
Sounds and Songs
Socials
Smile
Spirituality
Female 24 Interpersonal,
Financial
Family problems,
financial,
requirements on
duty and hospital
duty
Scheduling
Sports
Siesta
Smile
Self- Awareness

Female 21 Intrapersonal,Interpersonal,
Financial
Hospital
requirements, no
money , family
problems
Siesta
Sounds and
Songs
Socials
Stress Debriefing
Spirituality
Female 21 Academics Academics
especially on
major subjects
Siesta
Socials
Sounds and
Songs
Male 23 Academics, interpersonal Problems in
school work,
broke, stress on
fellow
classmates
Siesta
Smile
Stress Debriefing
Spirituality
Self-Awareness
Female 21 Interpersonal Problems in
teachers and
clinical
instructors,
hospital and
community duty
Sensation
Technique
Sounds and
Songs
Stretching
Sports
Smile
Male 21 Academics, Intrapersonal Low grades,
busy schedule,
no time in
Sports
Smile
Socials
32

making school
requirements

Female 20 Intrapersonal No time to study Siesta
Spirituality
Smile
Socials
Male 24 Many to mention Smile
Spirituality
Scheduling
Sounds and
Songs
Female 21 Academics, Interpersonal,
Financial
Major exams,
case
presentations
especially when
we are not the
ones who made
it, strict clinical
instructors on
duty,
requirements
and practical
exams.
Payments also
Sounds and
Songs
Stress Debriefing
Speak to ME
Spirituality
Siesta
Female 20 Academics Class reporting
especially when I
have no time to
prepare for it,
requirements
and case
presentations
Siesta
Socials

Female 21 Academics Hospital duty
requirements,
conflict of
schedule and
Major subjects
Smile
Sports
Sounds and
Songs
Socials

Female 21 Academics,
Financial
Requirements,
case presentation
and financial
problems
Smile
Sounds and songs
Speak to me
Female 21 Academics Low grades, many
requirements and
case presentation
Self-awareness
Sounds and songs
Speak to me
Socials
33

Female 21 Academics Requirements Sounds and Songs
Male 22 Financial,
Interpersonal
Financial
problems, bully
classmates and
many
requirements
Speak to me
Smile
Siesta
Socials
Female 19 Academics Term exams Spirituality
Siesta
Stretching
Socials
Female 20 Academics Case
presentations and
major exams
Scheduling
Smile
Sounds and Songs
Siesta
Socials
Female 20 Intrapersonal No time to study
and difficult major
subjects
Siesta
Socials
Sensation technique

Male 24 Intrapersonal,
Academics
Money problems
and many
requirements
Sports
Sounds and Songs
Smile
Socials
Speak to me
Male 20 Financial No allowance,
hospital duty and
major
examinations
Siesta
Spirituality
Smile
Female 20 Academics Difficult major
subjects
Sounds and songs









34

Perceived Stress Scale
0 - never
1 - almost never
2 - sometimes
3 - fairly often
4 - very often
In the last month...................
____ 1. Have you been upset because something had happened unexpectedly and how
often?
_____ 2.How often have you felt that you were unable to control the important matters
in your life?
_____ 3. Have you felt nervous and stressed? How often?
_____ 4. How often have you felt that you can handle personal problems confidently?
_____ 5. How often have you felt that things were going the way exactly you want ?
_____ 6. H often have you found out that in all the things you do, you couldnt cope
well?
_____ 7. How often have you been able to control conflicts in your life?
_____ 8. How often have you felt that you were things are going the way you want it to
be?
_____ 9. How often have you been angered because you were things happened
outside of your control?
_____10. How often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high and you cant
anymore contain it?
35

Figuring your PSS score:
You can determine your PSS score by following these directions:
First, reverse your scores for questions 4, 5, 7, & 8. On these 4 questions, change the
scores like this: 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1, 4 = 0.
Now add up your scores for each item to get a total. My total score is ______.
Individual scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating
higher perceived stress.
Scores ranging from 0-13 would be considered low stress.
Scores ranging from 14-26 would be considered moderate stress.
Scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.
The Perceived Stress Scale is interesting and important because your perception of
what is happening in your life is most important.


http://faculty.weber.edu/molpin/healthclasses/1110/bookchapters/selfassessmentchapte
r.ht
36

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