Maintenance & Trouble Shooting

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1- A BAD LEAK IN THE MANIFOLD !ESS"!E #A#E LINE BET$EEN
THE #A#E AND THE IND"%TION S&STEM $O"LD %A"SE'
a( The gage to )luctuate ba*l+,
b( The gage to regi-ter too Io.a /re--ure,
c( The gage to regi-ter too high a /re--ure,
*( The gage to -ho. at0o-/heric /re--ure,
1- THE DIFFE!EN%E BET$EEN !EI#NITION AND DETONATION IS'
a( No *i))erence2 the+ are the -a0e,
b( reignition occur- be)ore nor0al ignition2 *etonation a)ter,
c( Detonation occur- be)ore nor0al ignition2 /reignition a)ter,
*( Detonation cau-e- /reignition but /reignition cannot cau-e *etonation,
3-IF THE OE!ATION LIMITS OF A S"E!%HA!#ED EN#INE A!E E4%EEDED AT LO$
ALTIT"DE2 THE MOST !OBABLE2 IMMEDIATE !ES"LT $O"LD BE'
a( An e5ce--i6el+ rich 0i5ture,
b( A lo-- o) /o.er
c( E5ce--i6e heat an* c+lin*er /re--ure-,
*( A *ecrea-e in the 0ani)ol* /re--ure,
7- ON A S"E!%HA!#ED EN#INE2 A SMALL LEAK IN THE LINE BET$EEN THE
MANIFOLD !ESS"!E #A#E AND THE IND"%TION S&STEM MA& %A"SE
THE #A#E TO'
a( !egi-ter high at high /o.er,
b( !egi-ter at0o-/heric /re--ure,
c( !egi-ter lo. at high /o.er,
*( Fluctuate,
8- A %ONSIDE!ABLE IND"%TION LEAK $ILL %A"SE'
a( The 6al6e to cool too ra/i*l+,
b( A rich 0i5ture,
c( Fa-t i*ling,
*( E5ce--i6e cooling,
9- THE "SE OF HI#H O$E! AT LO:,; ALTIT"DES $ILL #ENE!ALL& %A"SE'
a( Erratic lubrication,
b( Detonation an* /o--ible engine )ailure,
c( Lo. 0ani)ol* /re--ure-,
*( ;a/or loc< an* -i0ilar )uel trouble-,
Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
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=- A LEAK IN THE MANIFOLI> !ESS"!E #A#E LINE ON A S"E!%HA!#ED
EN#INE $O"LD %A"SE'
a( the gage to rea* too high,
b( Failure o) the engine,
c( Lo. gage rea*ing,
*( Failure o) the gage too -ho. an+ rea*ing,
?- $HI%H OF THE FOLLO$IN# SHO"LD BE %HE%KED $HEN
INSE%TIN# EN#INE BALL BEA!IN#S@
a( ro/er *egree- o) har*ne--,
b( Metal *i--i0ilation,
c( Bearing out - o) - balance,
*( Fla<ing or /itting o) race-,
A- HO$ IS !OE! END-#A %LEA!AN%E ON NE$ ISTON !IN#S
ASS"!ED D"!IN# THE MABO! O;E!HA"L OF AN EN#INE@
a( B+ u-ing a go an* no- go gauge@
b( B+ u-ing2 ring- -/eci)ie* b+ the engine 0anu)acturer,
c( B+ /lacing the ring- in the c+lin*er an* 0ea-uring the en*-ga/ .ith a )eeler gauge,
*( B+ grin*ing the ring- on an e0er+ .heel,
1C- $HEN %LEANIN# AL"MIN"M AND MA#NESI"M EN#INE A!TS IT IS
INAD;ISABLE TO SOAK THEM IN SOL"TIONS %ONTAININ# SOA
BE%A"SE
A( Soa/- are not a- e))ecti6e a- -ol6ent-,
B( So0e o) the -oa/ 0a+ beco0e i0/regnate* in the 0etal /ore- an*
cau-e engine oil conta0ination an* )oa0ing,
%( The -oa/ .ill che0icall+ alter the 0etal -ur)ace cau-ing it to -tain an*
*i-color at o/erating te0/erature-,
D( The -oa/ .ill che0icall+ a)ter the 0etal -ur)ace cau-ing it to .ea<en
at o/erating te0/erature,
11- $HEN %HE%KIN# %OM!ESSION $ITH THE DIFFE!ENTIAL !ESS"!E TESTE!2 THE
TEST %ANNOT BE MADE $ITH THE ISTON AT BOTTOM DEAD %ENTE! BE%A"SE
a( It i- too *angerou-,
b( The c+lin*er 6olu0e i- at it- 0a5i0u02 thu- gi6ing the incorrect rea*ing,
c( &ou 0a+ *a0age the gauge,
*( At an+ botto0 *ea* center /o-ition at lea-t one 6al6e .ill be o/en,
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Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
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11- $HI%H OF THE FOLLO$IN# $ILL BE %A"SED B& E4%ESSI;E ; AL ;E
%LEA!AN%E OF A %&LDNDE! ON A !E%I!O%A TDN# AD!%!AFT
EN#DNE@
a( !e*uce* 6al6e o6erla/ /erio*,
b( Increa-e* c+lin*er /re--ure on the /o.er -tro<e,
c( Inta<e an* e5hau-t 6al6e- .ill o/en earl+ an* clo-e late,
*( A /o.er increa-e b+ -hortening the e5hau-t e6ent,
13- $HI%H OF THE FOLLO$DN#DS !EE"D!ED B& FA! A!T 73 $HEN
E!FO!MIN# A lOO-HO"! DNSE%TION ON !E%D!O%ATDN# EN#DNES@
a( Magneto ti0ing chec<,
b( %+lin*er co0/re--ion chec<-,
c( ;al6e ti0ing chec<,
*( %ran<-ha)t run-out chec<,
17- AFTE! SA!K L"#S HA;E BEEN SE!;I%ED2 IN $HAT OSITION
SHO"LD THE& BE !EINSTALLED@
a( The -a0e hole )ro0 .hich the+ .ere re0o6e*,
b( Ne5t in )iring or*er to the one )ro0 .hich the+ .ere re0o6e*,
c( S.a//e* botto0 to to/,
*( Ne5t in )iring or*er to the one )ro0 .hich the+ .ere re0o6e* an* -.a//e* botto0 to to/,
18- AS THE !ESS"!E IS ALIED D"!IN# A !E%I!O%ATIN# EN#INE
%OM!ESSION S%HE%K "SIN# A DIFFE!ENTIAL !ESS"!E
TESTE!2 $HAT $O"LD A MO;EMENT OF THE !OELLE! IN THE
DI!E%TION OF EN#INE !OTATION INDI%A TE@
a( The /i-ton .a- /o-itione* ahea* o) to/ *ea* center,
b( The /i-ton .a- on co0/re--ion -tro<e,
c( The /i-ton .a- on inta<e -tro<e,
*( The /i-ton .a- /o-itione* /a-t to/ *ea* center,
19- E4%ESS ;AL;E %LEA!AN%E !ES"LTS IN THE ;AL;ES OENIN#
a( Earl+ an* clo-ing earl+,
b( Late an* clo-ing earl+,
c( Earl+ an* clo-ing late,
*( Late an* clo-ing late,
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Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
D =- IF METALLI% A!TI%LES A!E FO"ND ON THE OIL S%!EEN
D"!IN# AN EN#INE INSE%TION2
a( It i- in*ication o) nor0al engine .ear unle-- the /article- are non)errou-,
b( The cau-e -houl* be i*enti)ie* an* correcte* be)ore the aircra)t i- relea-e* )or )light,
c( It i- an in*ication o) nor0al engine .ear unle-- the *e/o-it e5cee*- a -/eci)ie* a0ount,
*( It i- an in*ication o) nor0al engine .ear unle-- the /article- -ho. )erritic content
Fre-/on* to a 0agnet(
IS-IF THE OIL !ESS"!E #A"#E FL"%T"ATES O;E! A $IDE !AN#E F!OM
GE!O TO NO!MAL OE!ATIN# !ESS"!E2 THE MOST LIKEL & %A"SE IS
a( Mal)unction o) the ther0o-tatic control 6al6e,
b( Lo. oil -u//l+,
c( Bro<en or .ea< /re--ure relie) 6al6e -/ring,
*( Air loc< in the -ca6enge /u0/ inta<e,
1A- $HAT SE%IAL !O%ED"!E M"ST BE FOLLO$ED $HEN ADB"STIN#
THE ;AL;ES OF AN EN#INE EE"IED $ITH A FLOA TIN# %AM
!IN#@
a( A*Hu-t 6al6e- .hen the engine i- hot,
b( A*Hu-t all e5hau-t 6al6e- be)ore inta<e 6al6e-,
c( Eli0inate ca0 bearing clearance .hen 0a<ing 6al6e a*Hu-t0ent,
*( A*Hu-t all inta<e 6al6e- be)ore e5hau-t 6al6e-,
1C- $HI%H OF THE FOLLO$IN# IS MOST LIKEL& TO O%%"! IF AN
O;E!HEAD ; AL ;E EN#INE IS OE!ATED $ITH INADEE"ATE ;AL;E
%LEA!AN%ES@
a( The 6al6e- .ill not o/en *uring -tart an* engine .ar0-u/,
b( The 6al6e- .ill re0ain clo-e* )or longer /erio*- than -/eci)ie* b+ the engine 0anu)acturer,
c( The 6al6e- .ill not -eat /o-iti6el+ *uring -tart an* engine .ar0-u/,
*( The )urther *ecrea-e in 6al6e clearance that occur-2 a- engine
te0/erature increa-e .ill cau-e *a0age to the 6al6e-o/erating 0echani-0,
11- THE INDI%ATED OIL !ESS"!E OF A A!TI%"LA! D!&-S"M AI!%!AFT
EN#INE IS HI#HE! AT %!"ISE !M THAN AT IDLE !M2 THIS
INDI%ATES
a( De)ecti6e /i-ton-oil control ring-,
b( E5ce--i6e relie)-6al6e -/ring ten-ion,
c( In-u))icient oil -u//lie-,
*( Nor0al o/eration,
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Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
11- %!ANKSHAFT !"N-O"T IS %HE%KE!
a( Mter each )light an* a)ter a 3C - *a+ la+o)),
b( During engine o6erhaul an* in ca-e o) -u**en -to//age o) the engine,
c( During engine o6erhaul an* an+ ti0e it i- con6enient,
*( I) the /ro/eller i- too noi-+ an* 6ibrate-,
13- BEFO!E ATTEMTIN# TO STA!T A !ADIAL EN#INE THAT HAS
BEEN SH"T DO$N FO! MO!E THAN 3C MIN"TES2
a( lace the )uel -elector 6al6e in the OFF /o-ition,
b( ull the /ro/eller through b+ han* in the o//o-ite *irection o) nor0al
rotation to chec< )or liIui* loc<,
c( Turn the ignition -.itch on be)ore energiJing the -tarter,
*( Turn the /ro/eller three to )our re6olution- in the nor0al *irection o)
rotation to chec< )or liIui* loc<,
17- AN EN#INE MISSES IN BOTH THE !I#HT AND LEFT OSITIONS OF THE
MA#NETO S$IT%H THE E"I%KEST METHOD FO! LO%ATIN# THE T!O"BLE
IS TO
a( %hec< )or col* c+lin*er- to i-olate the trouble,
b( er)or0 a co0/re--ion chec<,
c( %hec< )or a .ea< brea<er -/ring in the 0agneto,
*( %hec< each -/ar< /lug,
18- A 0SSIN# SO"ND F!OM THE E4HA"ST STA%KS $HEN THE
, !OELLE! IS BEIN# "LLED TH!O"#H MAN"ALL& INDI%ATES
a( A crac<e* e5hau-t -tac<,
b( E5hau-t 6al6e blo.-b+,
c( $orn /i-ton ring-,
*( LiIui* loc<,
19- IF AN EN#INE %&LINDE! IS TO BE !EMO;ED2 AT $HAT
OSITION IN THE %&LINDE! SHO"LD THE ISTON BE@
a( Botto0 *ea* center,
b( To/ *ea* center,
c( Hal).a+ bet.een to/ an* botto0 *ea* center,
*( An+ con6enient /o-ition,
1=- IF THE I#NITION S$IT%H IS MO;ED F!OM BOTH TO EITHE! LEFT O! !I#HT D"!IN#
AN EN#INE #!O"ND %HE%K2 NO!MAL OE!ATION IS "S"ALL& INDI%ATED B&
a( A large *ro/ in !M,
b( A -light increa-e in !M,
c( No change in !M,
*( A -light *ro/ in !M,
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Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
1?- During groun* chec< an engine i- )oun* to be rough running2 the 0agneto *ro/ i- nor0al2 an* the
0ani)ol* /re--ure i- higher than nor0al )or an+ gi6en !M, The trouble 0a+ be cau-e* b+
a( A loo-e connection on the high-ten-ion lea* to one 0agneto,
b( Se6eral -/ar< /lug- )oule* on *i))erent c+lin*er-,
c( A lea< in the inta<e 0ani)ol*,
*( A *ea* c+lin*er,
1A- $HAT IS THE BEST INDI%ATION OF $O!N ;AL;E #"IDES@
a( High oil con-u0/tion,
b( Lo. co0/re--ion,
c( Lo. oil /re--ure,
*( High oil /re--ure,
3C- B& "SE OF A DIFFE!NTIAL !ESS"!E %OM!ESSION TESTE!2 IT IS DETE!MINED
THAT THE NO,3 %&LINDE! OF A NINE-%&LINDE! !ADIAL EN#INE $ILL NOT HOLD
!ESS"!E AFTE! THE %!ANKSHAFT HAS BEEN !OTATED 19CC F!OM TO DEAD
%ENTE! %OM!ESSION ST!OKE NO,l %&LINDE!, HO$ %AN THIS INDI%ATION
"S"ALL& BE INTE!!ETED@
a( Ba*l+ .orn or *a0age* /i-ton ring-,
b( A nor0al in*ication,
c( E5hau-t 6al6e blo.-b+,
*( A *a0age* e5hau-t 6al6e or in-u))icient e5hau-t 6al6e clearance,
31- D"!IN# THE INSE%TION OF AN EN#INE %ONT!OL S&STEM IN $HI%H
"SH-"LL %ONT!OL !ODS A!E "SED2 THE TH!EADED !OD ENDS
SHO"LD
a( Not be a*Hu-te* in length )or rigging /ur/o-e- becau-e the ro* en*-
ha6e been /ro/erl+ /o-itione* an* -ta<e* *uring 0anu)acture,
b( Be chec<e* to *eter0ine that the+ are /ro/erl+ -a)etie* to the /u-h
/ull ro* .ith bra-- or -tainle-- -teel -a)et+ .ire,
c( Be chec<e* )or threa* engage0ent o) at lea-t one an* one-hal) threa*-
but not 0ore than three threa*-,
*( Be chec<e* )or the a0ount o) threa* engage0ent b+ 0ean- o) the
in-/ection hole- /ro6i*e*,
31- IF AI! IS HEA!D %OMIN# F!OM THE %!ANK%ASE B!EATHE! O! OIL
FILLE! D"!IN# A DIFFE!ENTIAL %OM!ESSION %HE%K2 $HAT IS THIS
INDI%ATION OF@
a( E5hau-t 6al6e lea<age,
b( Inta<e 6al6e lea<age,
c( i-ton ring lea<age,
*( The /i-ton i- not on the co0/re--ion -tro<e,
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Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
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33- $HAT $ILL BE THE !ES"LT OF OE!ATIN# AN EN#INE IN E4T!EMEL&
HI#H TEME!AT"!ES "SIN# A L"B!I%ANT !E%OMMENDED B& THE
MAN"FA%T"!E! FO! A M"%H LO$E! TEME!AT"!E@
a( The oil /re--ure .ill be higher than nor0al,
b( The oil /re--ure gauge .ill )luctuate e5ce--i6el+,
c( The oil te0/erature an* oil /re--ure .ill be higher than nor0al, *( The oil
/re--ure .ill be lo.er than nor0al,
37- F1( #AS - T"!BINE AND !E%I!O%ATIN# EN#INE OILS %AN BE MI4ED
O! "SED INTE!%HAN#EABL&,
F1( MOST #AS -T"!BINE EN#INE OILS A!E S&NTHETI%, !E#A!DIN#
THE ABO;E STATEMENTS,
Fa( Onl+ no,1 i- true,
Fb(Onl+ no,l i- true
Fc( Both No,l an* No,1 are true
F*(Neither No,l nor No, 1 i- true,
38- I#NITION %HE%K D"!IN# EN#INE !"N " INDI%ATES A SLO$
D!O IN !M, THIS IS "S"ALL& %A"SED B&
a( De)ecti6e -/ar< /lug-,
b( A *e)ecti6e high-ten-ion lea*, ,
c( Incorrect ignition ti0ing or 6al6e a*Hu-t0ent,
*( Di-tributor /oint- too .i*e,
39- IF THE #!O"ND $I!E OF A MA#ETO IS DIS%ONNE%TED AT THE
I#NITION S$IT%H2 THE !ES"LT $ILL BE
a( The a))ecte* 0agneto .ill be i-olate* an* the engine .ill run on the o//o-ite 0agneto,
b( A *ecrea-e in 0agnetic line- o) )orce,
c( The engine .ill -to/ running,
*( The engine .ill not -to/ running .hen the ignition -.itch i- turne* o)),
3=- A ILOT !EO!TS THAT THE F"EL !ESS"!E FL"%T"ATES AND E4%EEDS
THE "E! LIMITS $HENE;E! THE TH!OTTLE IS AD; AN%ED 2 THE MOST
KIKEL & %A"SE OF THE T!O"BLE IS
a( A ru/ture* )uel /u0/ relie)-6al6e *ia/hrag0,
b( A -tic<+ )uel /u0/ relie) 6al6e,
c( Loo-e bolt- in the )uel /u0/ bo*+ to the relie)-6al6e hou-ing,
*( An air lea< at the )uel /u0/ relie)-6al6e bo*+,
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Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
3? -$HI%H STATEMENT IS T!"E !E#A!DIN# !OE! TH!OTTLE !I##IN#
OF AN AI!LANE@
a( The throttle -to/ on the carburetor 0u-t be contacte* be)ore the -to/ in the coc</it,
b( The -to/ in the coc</it 0u-t be contacte* be)ore the -to/ on the carburetor,
c( The -to/ in the coc</it an* the -to/ on the carburetor 0u-t be contacte* at the -a0e ti0e,
*( The throttle control i- /ro/erl+ a*Hu-te* .hen neither -to/ 0a<e- contact,
3A- IF A FI!E STA!TS IN THE IND"%TION S&STEM D"!IN# THE EN#INE
STA!TIN# !O%ED"!E2 $HAT SHO"LD THE OE!ATO! DO@
a( Turn o)) the )uel -.itche- to -to/ the )uel,
b( %ontinue cran<ing the engine,
c( Bac<)ire the engine- to blo. the )ire out,
*( Turn o)) all -.itche-,
7C- IF %!A%KS IN %OOLIN# FINS DO NOT E4TEND INTO THE
%&LINDE! HEAD2 THE& MA&BE !E AI!ED B&
a( Sto/ *rilling e5tre0itie- o) crac<- in the hea* /ortion,
b( !e0o6ing a))ecte* area an* contour )iling .ithin li0it-,
c( $el*ing or braJing2 /re)erabl+ braiJing,
*( %o0/lete co6erage b+ a//ro/riate 0etaliJing .ithin li0it-,
71- $HI%H OF THE FOLLO$IN# SHO"LD A ME%HANI% %ONS"LT TO DETE!MINE THE
MA4IM"M AMO"NT OF %&LINDE! %OOLIN# FIN THAT %O"LD BE !EMO;ED $HEN
!E-!OFILIN#@
a( A*6i-or+ circular 73,13, 1 A
b( Engine 0anu)acturer:- -er6ice o) o6erhaul 0anual,
c( Fe*eral a6iation regulation2 /art 732 a//en*i5 A,
*( A*6i-or+ circular 732 132 1A
71- A BENT %OOLIN# FIN ON AN AL"MIN"M %&LINDE! HEAD
a( $ill cau-e reHection o) the c+lin*er,
b( Shoul* be -a.e* o)) an* )ile* -0ooth,
c( Shoul* be le)t alone i) no crac< ha- )or0e*,
*( Shoul* be -to/ *rille* or a -0all ra*iu- )ile* at the /oint o) the ben*,
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Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
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73- #ENE!ALL&2 A SMALL %!A%K2 ,B"ST STA!TED IN A %&LINDE! BAFFLE
a( !cIuil:c- re0o6al an* rc/lace0ent o) the ba))lc,
b( !eIuire- no action unle-- it gro.- or i- branche* into t.o crac<-,
c( Mu-t be /atche* .ith thic<er than original 0aterial,
*( Ma+ bc -to//ing *rille*,
77- D"!IN# AN OE!ATIONAL %HE%K OF AN ELE%T!I%ALL& O$E!ED !ADIAL
EN#INE %O$L FLA S&STEM2 THE MOTO! FAILS TO OE!ATE2 $HI%H OF
THE FOLLO$IN# IS THE FI!ST TO BE %HE%KED@
a( Fla/ actuator 0otor circuit brea<er,
b( The coc</it control -.itch,
c( Fla/ actuator Hac<-cre. -+nchroniJation -.itch,
*( Fla/ actuator 0otor,
78- $HI%H OF THE FOLLO$IN# DETE%TS $O"LD LIKEL& %A"SE A
HOT SOT ON A !E%I!O%ATIN# EN#INE %&LINDE!@
a( Too 0uch cooling )in area a bro<en o)),
b( A crac<e* c+lin*er ba))le,
c( A crac<e* c+lin*er ba))le bla-t tube,
*( %o.ling air -eal lea<age,
79- %!A%KS AT THE BASE OF A %OOLIN# FIN ON A %&LINDE!
a( Ma+ be -to/ *rille*,
b( Are cau-e )or reHection o) c+lin*er@
c( Ma+ be acce/table,
*( Ma+ be )ille* an* /ro)ile* accor*ing to A% 73, 13, lA
7=- !E%I!O%ATIN# EN#INE E4HA"ST S&STEMS THAT HA;E !E AI!S
O! SLO& $ELD BEADS $HI%H !OT!"DE INTE!NALL & A!E
"NA%%ETABLE BE%A"SE THE& %A"SE
a( Ba-e 0etal )atigue,
b( LocaliJe* crac<-,
c( "nre-tricte* e5hau-t ga- )lo.,
*( Local hot -/ot-,
7?- $HAT %O"LD BE A !ES"LT OF "NDETE%TED E4HA"ST S&STEM LEAKS IN
A !E%I!O%ATIN# EN#INE O$E!ED AI!LANE@
a( ilot inca/acitation re-ulting )ro0 carbon 0ono5i*e entering the cabin,
b( A rough-running engine,
c( De-ire* /o.er -etting- .ill not be attaine*,
*( E5ce--i6e engine o/erating te0/erature-,
A
Maintenance & Trouble Shooting
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7A- HO$ MA & !E%I!O%ATIN# EN#INE E4HAlBST S&STEM LEAKS BE DETE%TED@
a( An e5hau-t trail a)t o) the tail/i/e on the air/lane e5terior,
b( Lo. c+lin*er hea* te0/erature in*ication,
c( Fluctuating 0ani)ol* /re--ure in*ication,
*( Sign o) e5hau-t -oot in-i*e co.ling an* on a*Hacent co0/onent-,
1C
ISTON EN#INE
INST ALLA TION - !EAI! - MAINTENAN%E
AND
T!O"BLESHO"TIN#
I-B
1-B
3-%
7-%
8-%
9-B
=-%
?-B
A-D
1C-B
11-C
11-A
13-B
17-B
18-D
19-B
1=-B
1?-B
1A-%
1C-%
11-D
11-B
13-D
17-A
18-B
- - -- --
19-C
1=-C
1?-C
1A-A
3C-B
31-D
32-C
33-C
37-A
38-%
39-C
3=-B
3?-A
3A-B
7C-B
71-B
42-C
73-C
77-A
78-
A79-%
7=-C
7?-A
7A-C