Standard Stress Methods

Doc: AA-SM-004
Revision: A
Page: 1

Bolt Group Analysis

C.1.0.0 BOLT GROUP UNDER ECCENTRIC LOAD
Reference:

Px =

0N

Applied Load in x-direction

Py =

-10,000 N

Applied Load in y-direction

Txy =

12,000 Nmm

Applied Moment

xp =

0.3 mm

X-coordinate of the Applied Load

yp =

0.0 mm

Y-coordinate of the Applied Load

xc =

2.6 mm

X-coordinate of the centroid

yc =

2.4 mm

Y-coordinate of the centroid

Tc =
Bolt No.
x
y
Bolt Dia.
Area, A
Ax
Ay
xb
yb
Ar2
Axb
Ayb
Sx
Sy
DSx
Dsy
Fx
Fy
F

Michael Niu - Airframe Stress Analysis & Sizing, Chapter 9.0

1
1.00
1.00
0.38
0.11
0
0
-1.6
-1.4
0.474
-0.2
-0.2
0
-2,308
157
-180
157
-2,488
2,493

-10,641 Nmm
2
-1.00
1.00
0.25
0.05
0
0
-3.6
-1.4
0.714
-0.2
-0.1
0
-1,026
70
-183
70
-1,208
1,210
Table 1

Moment About the Centroid

3
-1.00
-1.00
0.25
0.05
0
0
-3.6
-3.4
1.177
-0.2
-0.2
0
-1,026
172
-183
172
-1,208
1,220

4
1.00
5.00
0.38
0.11
0
1
-1.6
2.6
1.041
-0.2
0.3
0
-2,308
-305
-180
-305
-2,488
2,507

5
0.00
5.00
0.25
0.05
0
0
-2.6
2.6
0.665
-0.1
0.1
0
-1,026
-135
-131
-135
-1,157
1,165

6
10.00
2.00
0.38
0.11
1
0
7.4
-0.4
6.121
0.8
0.0
0
-2,308
41
857
41
-1,450
1,451

0.48
1.2
1.1

10.193

0
-10,000
0
0
0
-10,000

Bolt Group Loads

Check for balance by taking sum of forces and moments about centroid:
SFx =
SFy =
SM =

Prepared by: R. Abbott

0
-10,000
-10641

N
N
Nmm

Date: Jan 2008

OK
OK
OK

Checked by:___________________Date:__________

Standard Stress Methods

Bolt Group Analysis

Doc: AA-SM-004
Revision: A
Page: 2

C.2.0.0 DIAGRAM AND EQUATIONS

Equations used for the Bolt Group Method:
A = p D2/4

Bolt Cross-Sectional Area

xb = x - x c

x - Distance to Centroid

yb = y - yc

y - Distance to Centroid

Location of the Centroid

Force Component Due to Shear Load

Force Component Due to Moment

Moment About Centroid

Sum of the Forces Due
to Shear and Moment

Fig. 1

Prepared by: R. Abbott

Diagram for the Bolt Group Method

Date: Jan 2008

Checked by:___________________Date:__________

Standard Stress Methods

Doc: AA-SM-004
Revision: A
Page: 1

Bolt Group Analysis

D.1.0.0 BOLT GROUP UNDER ECCENTRIC LOAD
Px =

Applied Load in x-direction

Reference:

Py =

-10,000

Applied Load in y-direction

Michael Niu - Airframe Stress Analysis & Sizing,

Txy =

12,000

Nmm

Applied Moment

Chapter 9.0

xp =

0.3

mm

X-coordinate of the Applied Load

yp =

0.0

mm

Y-coordinate of the Applied Load

xc =

0.3

mm

X-coordinate of the centroid

yc =

0.2

mm

Y-coordinate of the centroid

Tc =

12,059

Nmm

Moment About the Centroid

Bolt No.
x
y
Bolt Dia.
Area, A
Ax
Ay
xb
yb
Ar2
Axb
Ayb
Sx
Sy
DSx
Dsy
Fx
Fy
F

1
1.00
1.00
0.38
0.11
0
0
0.7
0.8
0
0.1
0.1
0
-2,647
1,314
-1,213
1,314
-3,860
4,077

Prepared by: R. Abbott

2
-1.00
1.00
0.25
0.05
0
0
-1.3
0.8
0
-0.1
0.0
0
-1,176
584
988
584
-188
614

3
-1.00
-1.00
0.25
0.05
0
0
-1.3
-1.2
0
-0.1
-0.1
0
-1,176
-943
988
-943
-188
962

Date: Jan 2008

4
1.00
-1.00
0.38
0.11
0
0
0.7
-1.2
0
0.1
-0.1
0
-2,647
-2,122
-1,213
-2,122
-3,860
4,405

5
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.05
0
0
-0.3
-0.2
0
0.0
0.0
0
-1,176
-180
225
-180
-952
969

6
0.00
2.00
0.25
0.05
0
0
-0.3
1.8
0
0.0
0.1
0
-1,176
1,347
225
1,347
-952
1,650

0.00
0
0
-0.3
-0.2
0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.00
0
0
-0.3
-0.2
0
0.0
0.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.42
0.1
0.1

0
-10,000
0
0
0
-10,000

Checked by:___________________Date:__________

Standard Stress Methods

Bolt Group Analysis

Doc: AA-SM-004
Revision: A
Page: 2

D.2.0.0 DIAGRAM AND EQUATIONS

Equations used in Bolt Group Calculation:

Check for balance by taking sum of forces and moments about centroid:
SFx =
SFy =
SM =

Prepared by: R. Abbott

0
-10,000
12,059

N
N
Nmm

Date: Jan 2008

OK
OK
OK

Checked by:___________________Date:__________

References:
[1] AN3 Thru AN20 Bolt - Machine, Aircraft Military Specification Sheet
[2] NAS498 Fasteners, Alloy Steel, Externally Threaded, 95 KSI Fsu, 450 F
[3] E.F. Bruhn - Analysis & Design of Flight Vehicle Structures

AN Steel Bolts
Ftu =
125
Fsu =
75
Fb =
180
Size
AN3
AN4
AN5
AN6
AN7
AN8
AN9
AN10
AN12
AN14
AN17
AN18
AN20

Dia.
[in]
0.19
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1.00
1 1/8
1 1/4

ksi
ksi
ksi
Decimal
Dia
[in]
0.190
0.250
0.313
0.375
0.438
0.500
0.563
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.125
1.250

High Strength Steel Bolts

Ftu =
160
ksi
Fsu =
95
ksi
Fb =
230
ksi
Decimal
Size
Dia.
Dia
[in]
[in]
#4
0.112
0.112
#6
0.138
0.138
#8
0.164
0.164
#10
0.19
0.190
1/4
0.250
5/16
0.313
3/8
0.375
7/16
0.438
1/2
0.500
9/16
0.563
5/8
0.625
3/4
0.750
7/8
0.875
1.00
1.000
1 1/8
1.125

Ult. Tensile
Strength
[lbs]
2,210
4,080
6,500
10,100
13,600
18,500
23,600
30,100
44,000
60,000
80,700
101,800
130,200
[1] [3]

Yield Tensile Double Shear

Strength
Strength
[lbs]
[lbs]
1,690
4,250
3,130
7,360
4,980
11,500
7,740
16,560
10,430
22,500
14,190
29,400
18,100
37,400
23,080
46,000
33,730
66,300
46,000
90,100
61,870
117,800
78,050
147,500
99,820
182,100
[1]
[1] [3]

Single Shear
Strength
[lbs]
2,125
3,680
5,750
8,280
11,250
14,700
18,700
23,000
33,150
45,050
58,900
73,750
91,050
[1] [3]

Ult. Tensile
Strength
[lbs]

Yield Tensile Double Shear

Strength
Strength
[lbs]
[lbs]
1880
2850
4010
5,380
9,300
14,600
21,000
28,600
37,300
47,200
58,300
83,900
114,000
149,000
189,000

Single Shear
Strength
[lbs]
940
1420
2000
2,700
4,660
7,290
10,500
14,300
18,600
23,600
29,100
42,000
57,100
74,600
94,400

6,190
9,820
15,200
20,600
27,400
34,800
43,600
63,200
86,100
114,000
144,000

1 1/4
1 1/2

1.250
1.500

180,000
[3]

AN 2024 Aluminum Alloy Bolts

Ftu =
62
ksi
Fsu =
35
ksi
Fb =
72
ksi
Decimal
Size
Dia.
Dia
[in]
[in]
AN3
0.19
0.190
AN4
1/4
0.250
AN5
5/16
0.313
AN6
3/8
0.375
AN7
7/16
0.438
AN8
1/2
0.500
AN9
9/16
0.563
AN10
5/8
0.625
AN12
3/4
0.750
AN14
7/8
0.875
AN17
1.00
1.000
AN18
1 1/8
1.125
AN20
1 1/4
1.250

Ult. Tensile
Strength
[lbs]
1,100
2,030
3,220
5,020
6,750
9,180
11,700
14,900
21,800
29,800
40,000
50,500
64,400
[1]

233,000
336,000
[2]

Yield Tensile Double Shear

Strength
Strength
[lbs]
[lbs]
710
1,980
1,310
3,430
2,080
5,370
3,240
7,740
4,350
10,500
5,920
13,700
7,550
17,400
9,610
21,500
14,100
31,000
19,200
42,100
25,800
55,000
32,600
69,000
41,500
85,000
[1]
[1]

116,600
167,900
[2]

Single Shear
Strength
[lbs]
990
1,715
2,685
3,870
5,250
6,850
8,700
10,750
15,500
21,050
27,500
34,500
42,500
[1]

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment
Moment
[in-lbs]
[in-lbs]
121
138
276
314
539
614
932
1,061
1,480
1,685
2,210
2,516
3,140
3,582
4,320
4,914
7,450
8,491
11,850
13,483
17,670
20,126
25,161
28,656
34,515
39,308
[3]

Shank
Area

Moment
of Inertia

[in4]

[in4]

0.0284
0.0491
0.0767
0.1104
0.1503
0.1963
0.2485
0.3068
0.4418
0.6013
0.7854
0.9940
1.2272

6.397E-05
1.917E-04
4.681E-04
9.707E-04
1.798E-03
3.068E-03
4.914E-03
7.490E-03
1.553E-02
2.877E-02
4.909E-02
7.863E-02
1.198E-01

Ult. Bending
Moment
[in-lbs]
121
276
539
932
1480
2209
3145
4314
7455
11838
17671
25161
34515

NAS 6208 BOLT MECHANICA

Procurement Specification:
D=
FTU =
FSU =

Allowable is calculated using m

Chapter 6.4 "Plastic Bending",
Shape factor from fig. 6.4.2 in
k=
Moment arm:
c = D/2 =

Moment of Inertia:
I = pr4/4 =
I/c =

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment
Moment
[in-lbs]
[in-lbs]
37
70
117
182
414
809
1,398
2,220
3,313
4,718
6,471
11,183
17,758
26,507
37,742

Apparent Stress from fig. 6.4.6

Mc/I =

Shank
Area

Moment
of Inertia

[in4]

[in4]

0.0099
0.0150
0.0211
0.0284
0.0491
0.0767
0.1104
0.1503
0.1963
0.2485
0.3068
0.4418
0.6013
0.7854
0.9940

7.724E-06
1.780E-05
3.551E-05
6.397E-05
1.917E-04
4.681E-04
9.707E-04
1.798E-03
3.068E-03
4.914E-03
7.490E-03
1.553E-02
2.877E-02
4.909E-02
7.863E-02

Ult. Bending
Moment
[in-lbs]
32
59
100
155
353
689
1191
1891
2823
4019
5513
9526
15127
22580
32150

=
MALL =

51,772
89,462

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment
Moment
[in-lbs]
[in-lbs]
46
110
216
373
592
884
1,260
1,730
2,980
4,740
7,070
10,064
13,806
[3]

1.2272
1.7671

1.198E-01
2.485E-01

44102
76208

Shank
Area

Moment
of Inertia

[in4]

[in4]

0.0284
0.0491
0.0767
0.1104
0.1503
0.1963
0.2485
0.3068
0.4418
0.6013
0.7854
0.9940
1.2272

6.397E-05
1.917E-04
4.681E-04
9.707E-04
1.798E-03
3.068E-03
4.914E-03
7.490E-03
1.553E-02
2.877E-02
4.909E-02
7.863E-02
1.198E-01

Ult. Bending
Moment
[in-lbs]
48
110
216
373
592
884
1258
1726
2982
4735
7069
10064
13806

NAS 6208 BOLT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Procurement Specification:
NAS4002
0.25
in
125,000 psi
75,000 psi

6.35
862
517

mm
MPa
MPa

Allowable is calculated using method in Niu,

Chapter 6.4 "Plastic Bending", Ref. [4].
160

Shape factor from fig. 6.4.2 in Ref. [4]:

1.7

270

Moment arm:
3.175

mm
205

Moment of Inertia:
79.81

mm4

25.14

mm3

160

Apparent Stress from fig. 6.4.6 in Ref. [4]:

270
ksi
1861.58 MPa
414

in-lbs

4.68E+04 Nmm

1.7

References:
[1] AN3 Thru AN20 Bolt - Machine, Aircraft Military Specification Sheet
[2] NAS498 Fasteners, Alloy Steel, Externally Threaded, 95 KSI Fsu, 450 F
[3] E.F. Bruhn - Analysis & Design of Flight Vehicle Structures

AN Steel Bolts
Ftu =
862
Fsu =
517
Fb =
1241
Size
AN3
AN4
AN5
AN6
AN7
AN8
AN9
AN10
AN12
AN14
AN17
AN18
AN20

Dia.
[in]
0.19
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1.00
1 1/8
1 1/4

MPa
MPa
MPa
Dia
[mm]
4.83
6.35
7.94
9.53
11.11
12.70
14.29
15.88
19.05
22.23
25.40
28.58
31.75

Ult. Tensile
Strength
[N]
9,831
18,149
28,913
44,927
60,496
82,292
104,978
133,891
195,722
266,893
358,972
452,829
579,159
[1] [3]

Yield Tensile Double Shear

Strength
Strength
[N]
[N]
7,517
18,905
13,923
32,739
22,152
51,155
34,429
73,663
46,395
100,085
63,120
130,778
80,513
166,364
102,665
204,618
150,039
294,917
204,618
400,785
275,211
524,001
347,184
656,113
444,022
810,021
[1]
[1] [3]

Single Shear
Strength
[N]
9,452
16,369
25,577
36,831
50,042
65,389
83,182
102,309
147,459
200,392
262,000
328,056
405,011
[1] [3]

Ult. Tensile
Strength
[N]

Yield Tensile Double Shear

Strength
Strength
[N]
[N]
8,363
12,677
17,837
23,931
41,368
64,944
93,413
127,219
165,919
209,956
259,331
373,206
507,097
662,785
840,714
1,036,436

Single Shear
Strength
[N]
4,181
6,316
8,896
12,010
20,729
32,428
46,706
63,610
82,737
104,978
129,443
186,825
253,993
331,837
419,912
518,663

High Strength Steel Bolts

Ftu =
1103
MPa
Fsu =
655
MPa
Fb =
MPa
Size
#4
#6
#8
#10

Dia.
[in]
0.112
0.138
0.164
0.19
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1.00
1 1/8
1 1/4

Dia
[mm]
2.84
3.51
4.17
4.83
6.35
7.94
9.53
11.11
12.70
14.29
15.88
19.05
22.23
25.40
28.58
31.75

27,534
43,682
67,613
91,633
121,881
154,798
193,942
281,128
382,992
507,097
640,544
800,680

1 1/2

38.10
[3]

AN 2024 Aluminum Alloy Bolts

Ftu =
427
MPa
Fsu =
241
MPa
Fb =
496
MPa
Decimal
Size
Dia.
Dia
[in]
[mm]
AN3
0.19
4.83
AN4
1/4
6.35
AN5
5/16
7.94
AN6
3/8
9.53
AN7
7/16
11.11
AN8
1/2
12.70
AN9
9/16
14.29
AN10
5/8
15.88
AN12
3/4
19.05
AN14
7/8
22.23
AN17
1.00
25.40
AN18
1 1/8
28.58
AN20
1 1/4
31.75

Ult. Tensile
Strength
[N]
4,893
9,030
14,323
22,330
30,025
40,835
52,044
66,279
96,971
132,557
177,929
224,635
286,465
[1]

1,494,603
[2]

Yield Tensile Double Shear

Strength
Strength
[N]
[N]
3,158
8,807
5,827
15,257
9,252
23,887
14,412
34,429
19,350
46,706
26,333
60,941
33,584
77,399
42,747
95,637
62,720
137,895
85,406
187,270
114,764
244,652
145,012
306,927
184,601
378,099
[1]
[1]

746,856
[2]

Single Shear
Strength
[N]
4,404
7,629
11,943
17,215
23,353
30,470
38,700
47,818
68,947
93,635
122,326
153,464
189,049
[1]

Conversions

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment
Moment
[Nmm]
[Nmm]
13,671
15,592
31,184
35,477
60,899
69,373
105,302
119,877
167,218
190,379
249,697
284,270
354,772
404,712
488,095
555,208
841,737
959,354
1,338,870
1,523,375
1,996,442
2,273,933
2,842,812
3,237,694
3,899,672
4,441,209
[3]

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment
Moment
[Nmm]
[Nmm]
4,180
7,909
13,219
20,563
46,776
91,405
157,953
250,826
374,319
533,063
731,125
1,263,510
2,006,385
2,994,889
4,264,274
5,849,452

in-lb = 112.9849 Nmm

lbs = 4.448222 N

10,107,851

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment
Moment
[Nmm]
[Nmm]
5,197
12,428
24,405
42,143
66,887
99,879
142,361
195,464
336,695
535,548
798,803
1,137,080
1,559,869
[3]

Fastener

Coordinates

Fastener Fastener
Dia.
Area

No.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

-276.000
-276.000
200.000
200.000

38.000
-38.000
121.000
-121.000

0.125
0.125
0.125
0.125

0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0123
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0491

Input Data:
xp =
0.000
yp =
0.000
Px =
190
Py =
190
Txy =
135,000

Ax

Ay

xb

yb

r2

Ar2

Axb

-3.3870 0.4663 ####### 38.0000 ####### 712.8470 -2.9207

-3.3870 -0.4663 ####### -38.0000 ####### 712.8470 -2.9207
2.4544
1.4849 238.0000 121.0000 ####### 874.7985 2.9207
2.4544 -1.4849 238.0000 ####### ####### 874.7985 2.9207
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ####### 0.0000
0.0000
-1.86532
0
#######

Applied
Coordinates
Applied Load
Components (lbs.)
Applied Torque at load application point

xc =
yc =
Tc =

-38.000 Centroid
0.000 Coordinates
127,780

+ve Torque

+ve Torque

Loads Transferred
to Fastener

Shear due to
applied load

Shear due to
torque

Ayb

Sx

Sy

DSx

Dsy

Fx

Fy

0.4663
-0.4663
1.4849
-1.4849
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

48
48
48
48
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
190

48
48
48
48
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
190

19
-19
60
-60
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

118
118
-118
-118
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

66
29
107
-12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
190

165
165
-70
-70
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
190

178
168
128
71
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Note:

Bearing Loads on plate/lug

will have an opposite sign