Fun with Number 5

Rules: This is normally used for multiplication and in this case both the
units in digit i.e. the last numbers are 5. Also, the beginning numbers are
same. You will understand this as you see some examples.
25 x 25 = 6 | 25 (This one's easy, right?
!xplanation" As you see both the ending numbers are 5 and also they are
beginning with #. $o we ha%e satisfied both the rules. &ow how do we get
'#5. The first step is that you write down #5 on the right hand side. (hy we
do so? )o not thin* about that. +ust write #5 on the right hand side. Then we
ta*e the number on the left hand side (of #5, in this case #. And we multiply
it with the next higher digit number i.e. ,. Therefore we get the answer # x ,
- ', which we write down on the right hand side. $o we finally get the
answer as '#5.
45 x 45 = 20 | 25
!xplanation" As this one satisfies the rule too. .oth the left numbers are
same / 0, and the ending numbers are 5. $o without thin*ing the first thing
we do is write #5 on the right hand side. Then we ta*e the left hand number
0 and multiply it with 5, hence we get 0 x 5 - #1 (the left side of our
answer.
135 x 135 = 182 | 25 (slightly tough
!xplanation" .oth the rule has been satisfied. (e write down #5 on the right
hand side. (e multiple 2, with the next higher number and get 2, x 20 -
23#. And there we ha%e our answer 23##5. !asy right?
Slight M!i"i#$tin t the Number 5 meth!
Rule: The ending number should add up to 21. 4nfact in the abo%e case too
the ending number 5 5 5 added upto 21. And the left hand side number
should be same. This is %ery similar, so lets loo* at some example.
23 x 2% = 6 | 21 (4 am sure that,not e%eryone finds this simple.
!xplanation" !nding numbers , 5 6 add upto 21. $o the first rule is satisfied.
And both the number on left hand side are same i.e. #. 7irst thing you do is,
you multiply , x 6 - #2. And then li*e earlier you multiply # with the next
higher digit number i.e. ,. And we get # x , - ' on the left hand side. 7inal
answer is '#2.
62 x 68 = 42 | 16
!xplanation" .oth the rule ha%e been satisfied. (e multiply 3 x # as the add
upto 21 and we get the left hand side of the answer 2'. Then we multiply '
with the next higher digit number 6 and get ' x 6 - 0#
Fun with number 11
Nw we tr& the tri#'s whi#h #$n m$'e #$l#ul$tin b& 11 e$s&( )e will
$ls le$rn hw t multi*l& b& 22+ 33+ 44+ 55+ 66+ et#( ,s it is nthing but
11 x 2+ 11 x 3+ 11 x 4+ 11 x 5+ 11 x 6 res*e#ti-el&(
Ste*s in-l-e!:
2. . multi*l& $ number b& 11 *ut $ 0 in the beginning $n! $t the
en! " the number(
#. St$rting "rm the !igit/s *l$#e $!! tw #nse#uti-e !igit(
Remember t g "rm right t le"t(
0x$m*les
342 x 11 = 03420 = 013 24 1 322 1 420 1 2 = 3%62
!xplanation" (e added 1 at the end and the beginning of ,0# and got 1,0#1.
&ow, as you see we bro*e the number by ta*ing each consecuti%e number
and added them. The first part is 1 5 # - #, the first number of our answer,
then we too* #50 and got ', second number of our answer and so on.
4332 x 11 = 043320 = 0 1 424 1 323 1323 1 22012 = 54252
!xplanation" 4n this case when we add , 5 8 we write down # and carry
forward 2, we again get 0 5 8 5 2 we write down 0 and carry forward 2. (e
add 0 5 2 and get 5
4n the abo%e case if we need to multiply by ##. Then we first multiply by #
and then by 22.
312 x 22 = 624 4312 x25 x 11 = 06240 = 0 1626 1 224 1 220 1 4 = 6864
!xplanation" 9ere we are trying to multiply with ##. 9ence we first multiply
the main number with ,2# with # and get ,2# x # - '#0. And then multiply
the same number with ##. :est of the steps remain the same.
312 x 22 = 03120 x 11 x 2 = 4013 2 3 1 1 22 1 1 20 1 25 x 2 = 3432 x 2 =
6864
!xplanation" This is the exact same sum as abo%e. 4n this case you multiply
the end answer by # and get the exact same answer.
Simil$rl& we #$n #$l#ul$te $n& number int $n& multi*le " 11( 0-en 11
x 11( )e 6ust re*e$t the *r#ess twi#e(
Fun with number 9
Part A (Original number and the number of 9 is same, for
example 234 x 999 but we cannot use this method for 234 x 9999
or 234 x 99
!ules" As usual there is a left hand part of the answer and the right
hand part of the answer. When multiplying by 9 we subtract one from
the original number and write it down on the left hand side. Then we
subtract each number on the left hand side from 9 and write it down
on the right hand site (this will become clearer with the examples that
follow).
234 x 999 # 233 $ %&&
Explanation: We subtract one from !" and write it down on the left
hand side i.e !" # $ % !!. Then we ta&e each indi'idual number
and subtract that number from 9 in the order # left to right. (o we
subtract 9 # % )* then we subtract 9 # ! % + and again 9 # ! % +.
,ence* we get the right part of our answer i.e )++
'ommon (ista)e: As you see from the abo'e example we subtract
9 from each indi'idual number* but we did so from the left hand side
of our answer and not the original number. -n simple words* we
should subtract indi'idually from !! and not from !". This is a
common mista&e - ha'e found and would ad'ice you to remember
this crucial point.
94*224243 x 999999999 # 94*224242 $ +,-%%,%,%
Explanation: Wow. - can beat the calculator. /ost of the calculator
cannot perform calculation more than $ digits and - doubt e'en your
mobile phones can do that. ,ere is how its done* we subtract $ from
9"0""! and get 9"0"" . Then we subtract 9 # 9 get 1* then 9
# " % 2* then 9 # 0 and so on. - am sure by now you get the idea.
3ut now here is the 4uestion what if the number of 95s are more than
the number which we going to multiply* for example*
)! x 99999 ( we cannot do this as of now)
Part . (Original number is less then the number of 9/s, for
example 234 x 99999
!ules" (imilar to abo'e method* but 6ust imagine 15s in front of the
original number. 3ut ma&e sure the number of 95s are more and not
less or e4ual.)
3*3 x 9999 will become +3*3 x 9999 # +3*2 $ 9&-%
Explanation:-t is simple* we imagine the number to be 1!0!. (ubtract
one from it and get 1!0. Then as usual we calculate 9 # 1 % 9* then 9
# ! % + and so one.
3*3 x 999999 will become +++3*3 x 999999 # +++3*2 $ 999&-%
Explanation: -n this case we had ! extra 95s. (o we imagine ! extra
15s in front of !0!. Therefore our first case will be 111!0! # $ %
111!0* which becomes the left part of the answer. And li&e before
we subtract 9 # 1 and get 9* then again 9 # 1 % 9 and again 9 # 1 % 9*
then 9 # ! % + and so on.
Part ' (Original number is more then the number of 9/s, for
example 234 x 9, this method is tough to undestand so pa0 close
attention to this one
!ules"- will directly goto the example in this case* as the rules will
confuse you at this le'el.
-4 x 9 # -2 $ &
Explanation: 7rom the number $" we choose $(the number in the
ten5s digit)* increase it by $ i.e. or we add 8 $. (ubtract that from $"
and we get $. 9ext we subtract " from $1 and and get + i.e. $1 : " %
+. The method is confusing but once a person gets a hang of it* it;s
pretty easy.
24 x 9 # 2-1&
Explanation: 7rom the number " we choose (ten5s digit)< increase it
by $ i.e. ! or we add 8 $ ( 8 $). (ubtract that from " and we get $
(" #!). 9ext we subtract " from $1 and get + i.e. $1 : " % +.
4% x 9 # 4213
(teps in'ol'ed: 7rom the number ") we choose "(ten5s digit)<
increase it by $ i.e. 2. (ubtract that from ") and we get " (") # 2).
9ext we subtract ) from $1 and get ! i.e. $1 : ) % !.
--2 x 99 # --+1**
(teps in'ol'ed: 7rom the number $$ we choose $< increase it by $
i.e. or we can say we add 8 $ ($ 8 $). (ubtract that from $$ and
we get $$1 ($$ # ). 9ext we subtract 99 from $ and then add $ i.e.
99 : $ 8 $ % 00.
--2 x 9 # -++1*
(teps in'ol'ed: 7rom the number $$ we choose $$< increase it by $
i.e. $ or we can say we add 8 $ ($$ 8 $). (ubtract that from $$ and
we get $11 ($$ # $). 9ext we subtract 9 from and then add $ i.e. 9
: 8 $ % 0
,!! 7 Subtr$#t Meth!
Rules: This method is based on selecting a proper base and then using the
;edic maths method to calculate. $electing a proper base is one of the most
important things in this method, which ma*es ma<or calculations %ery
simple. $ee the example of different bases and ma*e sure you use your wits
to choose a proper base while calculation. 4t wor*s in the following manner.
3 x 3
8 = 2 > (e assume the base as 21 ?
8 = 2
3 @2
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 21.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 21. 4n this
case the difference is /2. $o we write /2 on the right on side of this number.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case /2 x /2. $o we get 2 as the
answer.
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract /2
from the number 8 and then we get the answer as 3. And the final answer as
32.
3 x 8 > (e assume the base as 21 ?
8 = 2
3 = #
6 @#
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 21.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 21. 4n this
case the difference is /2 A /#. $o we write /2 A /# on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case /2 x /#. $o we get # as the
answer.
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract /#
from the number 8 or we subtract /2 from the number 3 and then we get the
answer as 6. And the final answer as 6#.
11 x 12 > (e assume the base as 21 ?
22 5 2
2# 5 #
2, @#
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 21.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 21. 4n this
case the difference is 52 A 5#. $o we write 52 A 5# on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case 52 x 5#. $o we get # as
the answer.
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would add 5# from
the number 22 or we add 52 from the number 2# and then we get the answer
as 2,. And the final answer as 2,#.
4t is simple, isn't it?
31 x 31 > (e assume the base as 211 ?
82 = 8
82 = 8
3#@32
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 211.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 211. 4n this
case the difference is /8 A /8. $o we write /8 A /8 on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case /8 x /8. $o we get 32 as
the answer.
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract /8
from the number 82 and then we get the answer as 3#. And the final answer
as 3#32.
&ow, we ha%e mo%ed on to higger numbers too.
You may practice higher numbers li*e 2#1 x 21# or 215 x 213. .ut
remember so far our base has only been 21 A 211. (e will mo%e on to
slightly complex tas* tomorrow. You may chec* the next few examples.
$olution is not gi%en, but by now you should be used to doing these simple
calculation mentally.
888 x 338 > (e assume the base as 2111 ?
333 = 22#
883 = 11#
33'@##0
538 x 338 > (e assume the base as 2111 ?
583 = 01#
883 = 11#
58'@310
,!! 7 Subtr$#t Meth!
Rules: This method is based on selecting a proper base and then using the
;edic maths method to calculate. $electing a proper base is one of the most
important things in this method, which ma*es ma<or calculations %ery
simple. $ee the example of different bases and ma*e sure you use your wits
to choose a proper base while calculation. 4t wor*s in the following manner.
8m*rt$n#e " #hsing the R89:. ;,S0(
25 x 38 > (e assume the base as 211 ?
#5 = 65
83 = #
#0@51
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 211.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 211. 4n this
case the difference is /# A /65. $o we write /# A /65 on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case /# x /65. $o we get 251 as
the answer. .ut since the base is 211 we can only use # up to # digit and we
will carry forward 2 to the left hand side
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract /#
from the number #5 or we subtract /65 from the number 83 and then we get
the answer as #, but due to carry forward we add 2 and the answer turns out
to be #0. And the final answer as #051.
S "$r we h$-e l'e! $t numbers where $"ter $!!itin2subtr$#tin
"rm the b$se+ bth the numbers were either *siti-e r neg$ti-e( Nw
lets #nsi!er the ther w$& run!(
12 x 8 > (e assume the base as 21 ?
2# 5 #
3 = #
21@/0 - 8'
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 21.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 21. 4n this
case the difference is 5# A /#. $o we write 5# A /# on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case 5# x /#. $o we get /0 as
the answer.
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract /#
from the number 2# or we add 5# from the number 3 and then we get the
answer as 21.
9owe%er since the we ha%e = 0 on the right hand side we subtract it from the
base and /2 from the left hand side.
And we get the answer 8'
8t is slightl& #n"using but &u will get the h$ng " it *rett& sn(
108 x 3% > (e assume the base as 211 ?
213 5 3
86 = ,
215@/#0 - 210@6'
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 211.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 211. 4n this
case the difference is 53 A /,. $o we write 53 A /, on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case 53 x /,. $o we get /#0 as
the answer.
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract /,
from the number 213 or we add 53 from the number 86 and then we get the
answer as 215.
9owe%er since we ha%e = #0 on the right hand side we subtract it from the
base and /2 from the left hand side.
And we get the answer as 2106'
)e h$-e $ls been using the b$se su#h $s 10+ 100 7 1000( Nw+ lets tr&
sme !i""erent b$se( <l$& #lse $ttentin t the !i""eren#e $s it will hel*
&u m$ster this meth!(
43 x 43 > (e assume the base as 51 ?
08 = 2
08 = 2
03@12
#0@12
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as 51.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to 51. 4n this
case the difference is /2 A /2. $o we write /2 A /2 on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case /2 x /2. $o we get 2 as the
answer.
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract /2
from the number 08 or we subtract /2 from the number 08 (same thing in this
case and then we get the answer as 03.
.ut since the base is 51 which is nothing but 211@#. $o we di%ide 03 by #
And we get the answer #012.
Simil$r 0x$m*le:
46 x 46 > (e assume the base as 51 i.e 211@# ?
0' = 0
0' = 0
0#@2'
#2@2'
23 x 23 4;,S0 ,S 20 i(e( 10 x 25
#, 5 ,
#, 5 ,
#'@8
5#@8
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as #1.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to #1. 4n this
case the difference is 5, A 5,. $o we write 5, A 5, on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case 5, x 5,. $o we get 8 as
the answer. N=.0: )e write 3 $s the $nswer $n! nt 03 $s the $nswer
be#$use here the b$se is 10 x 2( .h$t me$ns the un!erl&ing b$se still
rem$ins 10( ,n! th$t/s wh& we 6ust write ne number n the right h$n!
si!e i(e( 3
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract 5,
from the number #, or we add 5, from the number #, (same thing in this
case and then we get the answer as #'.
.ut since the base is #1 which is nothing but 21 x #. $o we multiply the base
#' x #.
And we get the answer 5#8.
23 x 23 4;,S0 ,S 20 i(e( 100255 > &otice the abo%e sum has the same
numbers?
#, 5 ,
#, 5 ,
#'@18
5.#1@18
5223
$teps in%ol%ed"/
(e select the base as #1.
Then we chec* the difference for each number as compared to #1. 4n this
case the difference is 5, A 5,. $o we write 5, A 5, on the right on side of
these numbers respecti%ely.
Then we multiply the right hand side. 4n this case 5, x 5,. $o we get 8 as
the answer. N=.0: )e write the b$se $s 03 $s ur b$si# b$se r m$in
b$se is 10025( .he whle i!e$ is i" the b$si# b$se r m$in b$se is $
multi*le r !i-isin " 100 then we will h$-e 2 !igits n the le"t h$n!
si!e( ,n! when the b$si# b$se " m$in b$se is $ multi*le " 10 then we
t$'e nl& ne !igit n the le"t h$n! si!e+ rest we #$rr& "rw$r! t the
le"t h$n! si!e $"ter !ing the !i-isin(
Then we do cross addition@subtraction. 4n this case we would subtract 5,
from the number #, or we add 5, from the number #, (same thing in this
case and then we get the answer as #'.
.ut since the base is #1 which is nothing but 211@5. $o we di%ide #' by 5
and get the answer 5.#1
&ow whene%er we get answer in decimal form after di%ision we transfer it to
the right hand side by adding it. Therefore we add #1 to right hand side and
get the answer as #8
And we get the final answer as 5#8.
9=>?0N R@>0S F=R ,?? S@;.R,A. M0.:=?(
Ahse the b$se $##r!ing t &ur #mmn sense s th$t the #$l#ul$tin
be#mes e$s&(
8" the b$se is 100 there will be 2 !igits n the right h$n! si!e+ i" the b$se
is 10 there will be 1 !igit n the right h$n! si!e+ i" the b$se is 1000 there
will be 3 !igits n the right h$n! si!e $n! s n( ,n! the extr$ !igit &u
#$rr& -er t the le"t h$n! si!e(
Remember t $lw$&s !i-i!e the le"t h$n! si!e r multi*l& it "irst+ i"
reBuire!( ,n! then minus right h$n! si!e 4i" neg$ti-e5 r #$rr& "rw$r!
"rm le"t h$n! si!e 4i" *siti-e5(
8" &ur $nswer is smething li'e 242C26 4with &ur b$se being 105( Du
#$rr& "rw$r! C2 t the le"t h$n! si!e( .hen &ur $nswer will be 222C6(
,n! then &u subtr$#t( .his will gi-e &u the $nswer 2124( :we-er+
&u #$n ! it !ire#tl& t+ sin#e &u 'nw b& subtr$#tin " 24 b& 3 will
gi-e &u 21 $n! &u will be $ble t #$rr& 30 t the le"t h$n! si!e $n!
then &u will be $ble t get &ur $nswer e$sil&( i(e( 30 E 26 = 4(
;$si# Multi*li#$tin ;ut Ment$ll& $n! F$ster(
The reason we are learning this method is because it is not possible to do all
calculation using the add and subtract method. There are many other
methods in%ol%ed but this is simple and easy.
Rules: This method simplifies our normal method of multiplication. +ust
remember the following diagram when you multiplying # digit number with
a # digit number.
An-entin$l A$l#ul$tin
54
x 84
#2'
0,#1
05,'
;& sim*l& A$l#ul$tin
54
x 84
01@5#@2'
01@5,@'
05@,@'
$teps in%ol%ed"
(e follow con%entional method but we try to s*ip the extra wor* to reduce
time and effort.
7irst we multiply the right hand side number 0 x 0 (straight line. (rite
down 2' as our answer
Then we multiply 5 x 0 and add it with 3 x 0 i.e. 5 x 0 5 3 x 0 (the cross.
(e get 5# as our answer.
Then we multiply the left hand side number 5 x 3 (straight line. (rite down
01 as our answer.
Then we carry forward 2 from 2' to the left hand side as we will ha%e only
one digit. $o we get 5, in the centre.
Then we carry forward 5 from 5, to the left hand side as we again will ha%e
only one digit in the centre. $o we get , in centre and on the left hand side
we get the answer 05
Bur final answer is 05,'
2%
x 35
'@,2@,5
'@,0@5
8@0@5
$teps in%ol%ed"
7irst we multiply the right hand side number 5 x 6 (straight line. (rite
down ,5 as our answer
Then we multiply 5 x # and add it with , x 6 i.e. 5 x # 5 , x 6 (the cross.
(e get ,2 as our answer.
Then we multiply the left hand side number # x , (straight line. (rite down
' as our answer.
Then we carry forward , from ,5 to the left hand side as we will ha%e only
one digit. $o we get ,0 in the centre.
Then we carry forward , from ,0 to the left hand side as we again will ha%e
only one digit in the centre. $o we get 0 in centre and on the left hand side
we get the answer 8.
Bur final answer is 805.
6%
x 4
.his is
6%
x 04
1@#0@#3
1@#'@3
#@'@3
$teps in%ol%ed"
7irst we multiply the right hand side number 6 x 0 (straight line. (rite
down #3 as our answer
Then we multiply 0 x ' and add it with 1 x 6 i.e. 5 x # 5 1 x 6 (the cross.
(e get #0 as our answer.
Then we multiply the left hand side number ' x 1 (straight line. (rite down
1 as our answer.
Then we carry forward # from #3 to the left hand side as we will ha%e only
one digit. $o we get #' in the centre.
Then we carry forward # from #' to the left hand side as we again will ha%e
only one digit in the centre. $o we get ' in centre and on the left hand side
we get the answer #.
Bur final answer is #'3.
Nw+ i" we w$nt t multi*l& $ 3 !igit number with $ 3 !igit number we
'ee* in min! the "llwing !i$gr$m(
342
x 425
2#@##@,2@#0@21
2#@##@,2@#5@1
2#@##@,,@5@1
2#@#5@,@5@1
20@5@,@5@1
$teps in%ol%ed"
2. 7irst we multiply the right hand side number # x 5 (straight line.
(rite down 21 as our answer
#. Then we multiply 0 x 5 and add it with # x # i.e. 0 x 5 5 # x # (the first
cross. (e get #0 as our answer.
,. &ext we multiple , x 5 add it to 0 x # and again add that to 0 x # i.e. ,
x 5 5 0 x # 5 0 x # (the star. And we get the answer ,2.
0. Then we multiply , x # and add it with 0 x 0 i.e. , x # 5 0 x 0 (the
second cross. (e get ## as our answer.
5. Then we multiply the left hand side number , x 0 (straight line. (rite
down 2# as our answer.
'. Then we carry forward 2 from 21 to the left hand side as we will ha%e
only one digit.
/ (e *eep carrying on each number to the left hand side and we lea%e one
number in each case and hence we get the number 20@5@,@5@1
2. Bur final answer is 205,51.
862
x 35
we can add a 1 to ,5 and then sol%e as following
862
x 035
1@#0@53@,'@21
1@#0@53@,6@1
1@#0@'2@6@1
1@,1@2@6@1
,@1@2@6@1
$teps in%ol%ed"
2. 7irst we multiply the right hand side number # x 5 (straight line.
(rite down 21 as our answer
#. Then we multiply ' x 5 and add it with , x # i.e. ' x 5 5 , x # (the first
cross. (e get ,' as our answer.
,. &ext we multiple 3 x 5 add it to 1 x # and again add that to ' x , i.e. 3
x 5 5 1 x # 5 ' x , (the star. And we get the answer 53.
0. Then we multiply , x 3 and add it with 1 x ' i.e. , x 3 5 1 x ' (the
second cross. (e get #0 as our answer.
5. Then we multiply the left hand side number 3 x 1 (straight line. (rite
down 1 as our answer.
'. Then we carry forward 2 from 21 to the left hand side as we will ha%e
only one digit.
/ (e *eep carrying on each number to the left hand side and we lea%e one
number in each case and hence we get the number ,@1@2@6@1
Bur final answer is ,1261.
>et/s le$rn sBu$re using the $!! $n! subtr$#t meth!(

8n this meth! we $g$in #hse $ b$se( .his meth! is nthing but the
$b-e meth! in $ mre sim*li"ie! m$nner "r #$l#ul$ting sBu$res(

% x % = 4%C3523 x 3 = 423
;& subtr$#t $n! $!! meth!( .$'ing the b$se 10
6 = ,
6 = ,
(6/,@ (/, x /, - 08
Coo* at the following examples
2# x 2# - (2# 5 #@# x # - 20@ 0
20 x 20 - (20 5 0@0 x 0 - 23@2' - 28@' (remember the base is 21
82 x 82 - (82 = 8@8 x 8 - 3#@32
85 x 85 - (85 = 5@5 x 5 - 81@#5
213 x 213 - (213 5 3@3 x 3 -22'@'0
833 x 833 - (833 = 2#@2# x 2# - 86'@200 (The base is 2111. Therefore we
do not need to carry 2 of 200 on the left hand side.
05 x 05 - (05 = 5@5 x 5- 01@#5 - #1@#5 (The base is ta*en as 51 (211@#.
Therefore di%ide by 01 by #
05 x 05 - (05 = 5@5 x 5 - 01@#5 - #11@#5 - #1#@5 (The base is ta*en as 51
(21 x 5. Therefore we multiply 01 x 5 - #11 and the carry forward # from
left hand side to right hand side as the base is 21
SBu$res using the "rmul$:
4$ 1 b5 4$ 1 b5 = $2 1 2$b 1 b2
4$ C b5 4$ C b5 = $2 C 2$b 1 b2
This is simple enough to understand.
86 x 86 - (211 /,(211/, - 21111 = '11 5 8
213 x 213 - (211 5 3 (211 5 3 - 21111 5 2'11 5 '0
#8 x #8 - (,1 = 2 (,1 = 2 - 811 /'1 5 2 - 302
08 x 08 - (51 /2 (51 = 2 - #511 = 211 5 2 - #012
63 x 63 - (31 = # (31 = # - '011 = ,#1 5 0 - '130
>et/s tr& $ !i""erent meth! t "in! sBu$res nw:
Meth!:
2. SBu$re the units !igit(
#. .ens !igit x units !igit x 2
,. SBu$re " tens !igit
!xamples
0# x 0# - 2'@2'@0 - 26'0 (we carry forward 2 from the centre calculation to
the left hand side
Dethod"
2. $Euare the units digit. (e get 0
#. Tens digit x units digit x #. (e get 2'
,. $Euare of tens digit is 2'.
#, x #, - 0@2#@8 - 5@#@8 (we carry forward 2 from the centre calculation to
the left hand side
Dethod"
2. $Euare the units digit / 8
#. Tens digit x units digit x # / 2#
,. $Euare of tens digit / 0

'# x '# - ,'@#0@0-,3@0@0
Dethod"
2. $Euare the units digit / 0
#. Tens digit x units digit x # / #0
,. $Euare of tens digit = ,'
6, x 6, - 08@0#@8 -5,@#@8
#' x #' - 0@#0@,'- '@6@'
((e carry forward , to #0. That ma*es it #6. (e put down 6 and carry
forward to the left #. Thus we get ' on the extreme left. And our answer is
'6'
,0 x ,0 - 8 @ #0 @ 2' - 225'
0# x 0# - 2'@2'@0 - 26'0
', x ', - ,'@,'@8 - ,8'8
This topic may be tric*y so gi%e close attention to this one.
(e again follow the base system / &ot exactly, but depending on the base
calculation will differ.
Fonsider base 21
Fube for 2,
2, - (2, 5 , x #@(8 x ,@, x , x ,
- 28@#6@#6 (.ut since the base is 21 only one number will remain in each
left hand side.
Therefore answer is - 28@#8@6
- #2@8@6.
$teps in%ol%ed
2. 7irst we double the excess number from the base 21 and add to the
original number i.e. 2,/ 21 - ,. Then , x #(double the excess 5 2,
(original number - 28
#. Then we subtract 2, from base, get ,, which we multiply with 9 ( the
excess number of the left hand side number minus the base i.e. 28
/21 . $o basically / excess from original number from 21 x excess
from the left number which we got in step 2. (e get , x 8 - #6.
,. Then we ta*e the cube of the unit digit of the original number.
0. And doing the reEuired calculation for the base 21, we get the answer
#286.
Fube for 25
25 - (25 5 5 x #@(25x5@5 x 5 x 5
- #5@65@2#5
-#5@36@5
-,,@6@5
$teps in%ol%ed
2. 7irst we double the excess number from the base 21 and add to the
original number i.e. 25/ 21 - 5. Then 5 x # 5 25 (original number -
#5
#. Then we subtract 25 from base, get 5, which we multiply with 25 ( the
excess number of the left hand side number minus the base i.e. #5
/21. $o basically, 25 x 5 - 65.
,. Then we ta*e the cube of the unit digit of the original number.
0. And doing the reEuired calculation for the base 21, we get the answer
,,65.
86 - (86 = # x ,@(/, x /8@/, x /, x /,
- 82@#6@/#6
-82@#'@6,
$teps in%ol%ed
2. 7irst we double the excess number from the base 211 and subtract to
the original number i.e. 211 / 86 - /,. Then /, x # /, (original
number - /8
#. Then we subtract 86 from base, get /,, which we multiply with /8
( the excess number of the left hand side number minus the base i.e.
211 / 82.. $o basically, /, x /8 - #6.
,. Then we ta*e the cube of 211 = 86.
0. And doing the reEuired calculation for the base 211, we get the
answer 82#'6,.
4n similar manner,
5# - (5# 5 # x #@(# x '@13
- 5'@2#@13
- 20@1'@13
210 - (211 5 , x 0@, x 0 x 0@0 x 0 x 0 - 22#@03@'0