Prof. O.B.

Vitrik,

Fiber Optic Sensors for

Smart Structure and
Structural Health
Monitoring
Far Eastern State Technical University,
Vladivostok, Russia
Institute Automatic and Processing Control,
Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy
of Sciences,
Contents:
Smart structure principles
•Fiber optic sensors for smart structure and
structural health monitoring
•Principles for fiber optic sensors
•Principles for fiber optic sensing systems
•Amplitude and phase fiber optic sensors for
the monitoring systems
•Tomography fiber optic systems for
structural monitoring.
 Smart structure

External Appro-
problem Smart
Structure priate
solution
 Smart structure

Nervous Brain
system (Computer)
 Key features of fiber optic sensor for
smart structure applications:
ƒHigh flexibility
ƒLow mass and low diameter. It is possible to insert the optical
fiber in many materials
ƒHi sensitivity to number of physical and chemical quantities.
ƒImmunity to electromagnetic interference
ƒImmunity to corruption
ƒWide range of sensor gauge lengths
ƒAbility to distant monitoring
ƒThe Ability to Multiplex Many Fiber Optic Sensors
ƒPossibility to Create Fiber Optic Sensor Network
ƒThe Ability to 1-D, 2-D and 3-D areas monitoring
ƒPossible Low Cost, High Performance Devices
 Fiber Optic Sensor’s measuring
quantities
•position, •vibrations,
•deformations, •temperatures,
•inclinations, •humidity,
•strains, •air temperature,
•forces, • wind speed and
•pressures, direction,
•accelerations, •water levels and
flow,
 Fiber-optics sensors.

ƒIntrinsic and extrinsic fiber-optics

sensors.
ƒFiber grating sensors.
ƒInterferometric fiber-optics sensors
ƒFiber-optics sensors based on light
amplitude changing.
ƒNonlinear and other fiber - optics
sensors.
 Extrinsic fiber-optics
sensor.
Measuring value
Light source

Processing system Extrinsic light

parameters
modulator

Intrinsic fiber-optics sensors.

Measuring value
Light source Processing system
Fiber grating sensors.
Measuring value

λref = 2Λnef
Interferometric fiber-optics
sensors.

Ψ
external Δl
effect

Ψ+ΔΨ
Amplitude fiber-optics
sensors.

external
effect
Nonlinear sensors based on
Mandelshtam-Brillouin
scattering.
 Advantages and disadvantages of
Different Fiber Optic Sensors.
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Grating
Sensor low cost;
Sensing of transverse & Expensive signal processing and
longitudinal strain, strain interrogation technology
gradients, temperature, pressure Problem of temperature and
and corrosion strain signal division
Interferometer
Extremely flexible
geometry Problem of multisensing
High sensitivity, signal division;
Wide area distribution Sensitivity stabilization problem
Amplitude Tuning control problem
Low cost;
Simplicity, In many cases low sensitivity
Easy installation, and presence of mobile
Possibility of coverage of wide mechanical elements, high
area requirements to stability of light
Nonlinear source intensity
Possibility of distributed sensor
fabrication. Low sensitivity, high cost
 Fiber optic measuring systems:
M ( x ,y ,t)

3 1
2

M ( t)
M(L,t)
M

M(L,t)

L
M(L,t)
M
1 2 3

N N-1 …. i
M(L,t)
1 2 3 i N L
2005/12/1
 Fiber optic measuring systems:
Y
X

M(x,y,t)
X

X
Y

M(x,y,t)
X

2005/12/1
 Integral sensitivity fiber optic sensor

S(L) L

∫ S(L)dL

2005/12/1
 Tomography system principle

2005/12/1
 Tomography system principle

2005/12/1
 Amplitude tilt sensors

2005/12/1
 Amplitude bending sensors

2005/12/1
 Amplitude sensors OTDR
interrogation

2005/12/1
 Amplitude accelerometer

2005/12/1
 Amplitude accelerometer

2005/12/1
 Amplitude hydrophone

2005/12/1
The threshold FOS for pipeline
health monitoring
Photo of a place of break of a welded seam of
pipeline together with worked threshold FOS
External pressure sensing
 Traditional Phase Fiber-optics
sensors based on Mach -
Zender scheme.
Measuring value
External effect

Laser Detector

I Σ = I1 + I 2 + 2 I1 I 2 ⋅ cos( ΔΨ ( 0)
01 + kn1l )
 Single fiber double mode
interferometer

E xterna l effect
EExxterna
tern all effect
efect

D etector
L a ser D etector

2005/12/1
 Double mode interference
pattern

2005/12/1
 Waveguide processing of DMI
signal
LP11 LP01
LP01

2005/12/1
 Integral sensitivity long strain
sensor

2005/12/1
 Strain and Cracking control in
concrete beams

2 F F h
1 5

4
3 6

2005/12/1
 Strain control in concrete beams
Δϕ, рад

2π

1 2
π

0 600 1200 1800 F, Н

2005/12/1
 Cracking control in concrete
beams

2005/12/1
Fiber-optics sensors based on
single- fiber multimode
interferometer scheme.

Corr
Distributed Calc
Optical field
detector

Linearizator
 SFMI hydrophone
5

2005/12/1
 SFMI hydrophone
4
Laser

Измеритель гидростатического
давления на основе ОМИ
2005/12/1
 Beam bending monitoring by
SFMI

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Tomography scanning
process

2005/12/1
 Fiber – optic network of tomography
type

2005/12/1
 Software for Scalar field
monitoring by OF tomography
system

2005/12/1
 Acceleration field monitoring by
OF tomography system

2005/12/1
 Acceleration field monitoring by
OF tomography system

2005/12/1
 Acceleration field monitoring by
OF tomography system

2005/12/1
 Vector field monitoring by OF
tomography system
r r
h(x,y,φ)= A( x, y )e

2005/12/1
 Vector field monitoring by OF
tomography system

r r
h(x,y,φ)=d( A ( x , y)e )/dL
r
2005/12/1
g ( p, φ ) = R[divA( x, y )]
 Vector field monitoring by OF
tomography system

g ( p , φ ) = R [ A 2 ( x , y )]
r r 2
2005/12/1
h(x,y,φ)= ( A ( x , y)e )
 Software for Vector field monitoring
by OF tomography system

2005/12/1
 Vector field of longitudinal shifts
monitoring by OF tomography system

2005/12/1
 Vector field of longitudinal shifts
monitoring by OF tomography system

2005/12/1
 Vector field of longitudinal shifts
monitoring by OF tomography system

2005/12/1
 Vector field of transversal shifts
gradients monitoring by OF
tomography system

2005/12/1
 Vector field of transversal shifts
gradients monitoring by OF
tomography system

2005/12/1
 Laboratory model for smart
skin

2005/12/1
 Problem under solution

-Stabilization of sensitivity,
-Improving of FO sensors and
sensing system adaptivity
- Improving of technology for FO
sensors and sensing system
fabrication
- Development of new principles
for FO sensors and sensing
system based on nanotechnology
2005/12/1