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GREEN CHEMISTRY
Faculty of Chemical Engineering
HCMC University of Technology
Office: room 211, B2 Building
Phone: 38647256 ext. 5681
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REFERENCES
1. Mukesh Doble, Anil K. Kruthiventi, Green chemistry and
processes, Elsevier, Oxford, 2007.
2. Pietro Tundo, Alvise Perosa, Fulvio Zecchini, Methods and
reagents for green chemistry, Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2007.
3. Roger Arthur Sheldon, Isabel Arends, Ulf Hanefeld, Green
chemistry and catalysis, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim,
2007.
4. James Clark, Duncan Macquarrie, Handbook of green chemistry
and technology, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 2002.
5. Andre Loupy, Microwaves in organic synthesis, Wiley-VCH
Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2002.
6. Timothy J. Mason, John P. Lorimer, Applied sonochemistry:
Uses of power ultrasound in chemistry and processing, Wiley-
VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2002.
7. Peter Wasserscheid, Thomas Welton, Ionic liquids in synthesis,
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2002.
8. Nam T. S. Phan, Green Chemistry, vol 1: Green catalysts and
green solvents, VNU-HCM Publisher, 2008.
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COURSE OUTLINE
Principles of green chemistry
Catalysis and green chemistry
Ionic liquid as green solvent
Water as green solvent
Supercritical CO
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as green solvent
Chemistry in micro reactor
Microwave-assisted chemistry
Ultrasound-assisted chemistry
Renewable materials/ green energy
Seminars: During the seminar hours, students are
asked to join the discussion effectively under the
supervision of the course instructor.
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Chapter 1: PRINCIPLES OF
GREEN CHEMISTRY
What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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What does the Chemical Industry do for us?
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Chemistry a dirty word !
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Yield is not enough !!!
Yield = % of maximum possible quantity of
product
But !!!
Ignores auxiliaries (reagents, catalysts, solvents,
etc)
Ignores work-up, purification
Ignores energy used, hazards involved, toxic
chemicals
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For example:
A typical textbook procedure for oxidation
reaction
Yield = 55%
Weight of product = 15g
But !!!
Involved 900 g inputs
Produced 800 g of waste

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Chemical Engineering Design
Safety
Health
Environment
SHE
issues
critical
Key Roles
Design chemical
processes
Optimize process
conditions
Yield chemical
products
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THE IDEAL
SYNTHESIS
Atom
efficient
Simple
100 % Yield
Available
materials
Environmentally
acceptable
Safe
One step
No wasted
reagents
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The design of chemical products & processes
that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of
hazardous substances


Discovery & application of new chemistry /
technology leading to prevention / reduction of
environmental, health & safety impacts at source
What is green chemistry?
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Pollution Prevention Act 1990
Green chemistry Began in 1991 at
Environmental Protection Agency, Paul
Anastas
1996 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge
Awards
1997 Green Chemistry and Engineering
Conference
1999 Journal Green Chemistry
Chemical & Engineering News
2001 Journal of Chemical Education
History
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12 Principles of green chemistry
(Paul Anastas & John Warner)
1. Prevent waste: Design
chemical syntheses to
prevent waste, leaving
no waste to treat or
clean up


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Pollution Prevention Hierarchy
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2. Design safer chemicals
and products: Design
chemical products to be
fully effective, yet have
little or no toxicity
3. Design less hazardous chemical syntheses:
Design syntheses to use and generate
substances with little or no toxicity to humans
and the environment
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4. Use renewable
feedstocks: Use raw
materials and feedstocks
that are renewable rather
than depleting.
Renewable feedstocks
are often made from
agricultural products or
are the wastes of other
processes; depleting
feedstocks are made
from fossil fuels
(petroleum, natural gas,
or coal) or are mined

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5.Use catalysts, not
stoichiometric
reagents: Minimize
waste by using
catalytic reactions.
Catalysts are used in
small amounts and can
carry out a single
reaction many times.
They are preferable to
stoichiometric
reagents, which are
used in excess and
work only once

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6. Avoid chemical derivatives: Avoid using blocking
or protecting groups or any temporary
modifications if possible. Derivatives use
additional reagents and generate waste





7. Maximize atom economy: Design syntheses so
that the final product contains the maximum
proportion of the starting materials. There should
be few, if any, wasted atoms
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8. Use safer solvents
and reaction
conditions: Avoid
using solvents,
separation agents,
or other auxiliary
chemicals. If these
chemicals are
necessary, use
innocuous
chemicals
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9.Increase energy efficiency: Run chemical
reactions at ambient temperature and pressure
whenever possible







10. Design chemicals and products to degrade
after use: Design chemical products to break
down to innocuous substances after use so
that they do not accumulate in the environment
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11.Analyze in real
time to prevent
pollution: Include
in-process real-
time monitoring
and control
during syntheses
to minimize or
eliminate the
formation of
byproducts


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12. Minimize the
potential for
accidents: Design
chemicals and
their forms (solid,
liquid, or gas) to
minimize the
potential for
chemical accidents
including
explosions, fires,
and releases to the
environment
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Condensed Principles of green chemistry
(Samantha Tang, Richard Smith and Martyn
Poliakoff ) P Prevent wastes
R Renewable materials
O Omit derivatization steps
D Degradable chemical products
U Use safe synthetic methods
C Catalytic reagents
T temperature, pressure ambient
I In-process monitoring
V Very few auxiliary substances
E E-factor, maximize feed in
product
L Low toxicity of chemical
products
Y Yes, it is safe
Productively
!!!
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Green chemistry is about:
Reducing
Waste
Materials
Hazard
Environmental
Impact
COST
Risk
Energy